Writing - How to use ETC., AND SO ON, ...

209,697 views ใƒป 2012-12-23

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:03
Hi again. Welcome to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. Nice to see you again. Today, I want to talk
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ใพใŸไผšใฃใŸใญใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒ€ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใงใใฆใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅ
00:09
about a topic that is a little bit unusual. Everybody thinks that English is all about
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ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใŸ่ฉฑ้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฏ
00:14
vocabulary, or grammar, or punctuation, things like that.
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่ชžๅฝ™ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ€ ๅฅ่ชญ็‚นใชใฉใŒใ™ในใฆใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฟƒ้…
00:18
There's little things, too, that you need to worry about, and people often ask me about
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ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฐใ•ใชใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:22
these things in particular: ", and so on", "etc.", "...", three dots, sometimes four,
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็‰นใซใ€ ใ€Œใชใฉใ€ใ€ใ€Œใชใฉใ€ใ€ใ€Œ...ใ€ใ€3 ใคใฎ็‚นใ€ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏ 4 ใคใฎ็‚นใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:31
I'll explain, "blah, blah, blah", and "blah". Okay? Not everyday stuff. I mean, every day,
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ใ€Œไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ใจ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใ€ๅธธใซ็›ฎใซ
00:37
you're going to see it all the time, but this is not something that ESL teachers will teach
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏ ESL ใฎๆ•™ๅธซใŒๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏ
00:41
you, it's not something that you will really learn in books, so here it is; I'm going to
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ใชใใ€ๅฎŸ้š› ใซๆœฌใงๅญฆใถใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
00:46
explain it to you. Okay?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:48
First, "and so on". First of all, notice I put a comma before it. Why? Because this will
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ใพใšใ€ใ€Œใชใฉใ€ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ‚’ๅ‰ใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ— ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
00:55
always come at the end of a sentence or after a list of some sort. Okay? When we put ", and
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ๅธธใซๆ–‡ใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใฎๅพŒใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใชใฉใ€ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใใฏ
01:03
so on", we mean: and we continue with the same examples. Right? So you ask me: what
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ใ€ๆฌกใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ๅŒใ˜ไพ‹ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใซๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™๏ผš็งใฏใฉใ‚“ใช
01:10
kind of foods do I like? Well, I like pizza, I like hamburgers, I like fish and chips,
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็จฎ้กžใฎ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใˆใˆใจใ€็งใฏใƒ”ใ‚ถใŒ ๅฅฝใใงใ€ใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใŒๅฅฝใใงใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅ ใ‚ขใƒณใƒ‰ ใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚นใŒ
01:15
you know, and so on. What does that ", and so on" mean? Does that mean that I like egg
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ๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใ€Œ ใชใฉใ€ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:20
white only omelettes with like asparagus and broccoli? No. Why? Because I listed hamburger,
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ใ‚ขใ‚นใƒ‘ใƒฉใ‚ฌใ‚นใ‚„ใƒ–ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ณใƒชใƒผใชใฉใฎๅต็™ฝใ ใ‘ใฎใ‚ชใƒ ใƒฌใƒ„ใŒๅฅฝใใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใชใœใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใŸใฎใง
01:28
junk food; pizza, junk food; fish and chips, junk food. So when I say: ", and so on" means
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ใƒปใƒปใƒป ใƒ”ใ‚ถใ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏ ใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใ€‚ ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใƒ‰ใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚นใ€ ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใชใฉใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏใ€ไปŠ่จ€ใฃใŸ
01:35
and more examples like the ones I just said. Right? So it's very important to remember.
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใชไพ‹ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
01:41
Many of my students, they just throw ", and so on" all the time. Talking, talking, talking,
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็งใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฎๅคšใใฏใ€ๅธธใซใ€Œใชใฉใ€ใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‚ƒในใ‚‹ใ€ใ—ใ‚ƒในใ‚‹ใ€ใ—ใ‚ƒในใ‚‹
01:46
"and so on". And so on, what? I don't understand. Right? So you have to be careful. This has
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ใ€ใชใฉใชใฉใ€‚ ใชใฉใชใฉใ€ใชใซ๏ผŸ ็†่งฃใงใใชใ„ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซ
01:51
a very specific use. You're continuing the same list or the same idea.
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ใฏ้žๅธธใซ็‰นๆฎŠใช็”จ้€”ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅŒใ˜ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใพใŸใฏๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:56
Next: "etc." Usually, you will see it like this: "etc." Now, how to pronounce. This is
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ๆฌกใธ๏ผšใ€Œใชใฉใ€ ้€šๅธธใ€ ใ€Œetc.ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€็™บ้Ÿณใฎไป•ๆ–นใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
02:03
the actual word when you open it up: "etcetera". Now, some native speakers will say: "et-cet-era",
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’้–‹ใ„ใŸใจใใฎๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ™๏ผšใ€Œetceteraใ€. ใ•ใฆใ€ไธ€้ƒจใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏใ€ใ€Œet-cet-eraใ€ใ€ใ€Œetceteraใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
02:12
"etcetera". Most will say: "ek-se-chra". That's what it sounds like when most native speakers
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ใ€‚ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใฏ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผšใ€Œek-se-chraใ€ใ€‚ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆ
02:23
say it. "Etcetera". Correct, "etcetera", but both are acceptable. Now, what does etcetera
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚จใƒˆใ‚ปใƒ†ใƒฉใ€ใ€‚ ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใฎใฏใ€Œetceteraใ€ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€etcetera ใจใฏ
02:30
mean? It means: "and so on". It means the exact same thing as "and so on". Again, you're
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ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹? ใ€Œใชใฉใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใชใฉใ€ใจๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒ
02:36
continuing the list that was started before. Right? Now, people often ask: how do I use
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ใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใซ้–‹ๅง‹ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’็ถ™็ถšใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏใ‚ˆใใ“ใ†ๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™: ๆ–‡็ซ ใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟใ†ใฎ
02:42
it in writing? Usually, you can... If it comes at the end of a sentence, you put the period,
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ใงใ™ใ‹? ้€šๅธธใฏ... ๆ–‡ๆœซใซๆฅใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™
02:49
that's it. But if it comes in the middle of the sentence... So: "I like pizza, I like
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ–‡ใฎ้€”ไธญใซๆฅใ‚‹ใจ ...ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒ”ใ‚ถใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€็งใฏ
02:54
hamburgers, fish and chips, etc., but I also like..." etc. There you go. So I'm writing
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ใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใƒ‰ใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚นใชใฉใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใ‚‚ ๅฅฝใใงใ™...ใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ€็งใŒ
03:02
whatever I write, whatever I write, etc., but I also like other things. Right? So, it's
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ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ€็งใŒๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใชใฉใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œไปฅๅค–ใฎใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใจ
03:12
a little bit confusing, you got period and a comma. The period goes for the shortened;
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ใ‚ซใƒณใƒžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœŸ้–“ใฏ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
03:17
the comma goes for the sentence. Okay? Not that important, but if you want to write it
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใฏๆ–‡ใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใปใฉ้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ๆญฃใ—ใๆ›ธใใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
03:24
correctly, that's how you do it.
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ใฏใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:26
Next, we have three dots. These are called ellipses. You don't necessarily need to know
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ๆฌกใซใ€3 ใคใฎใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆฅ•ๅ††ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ€Œๆฅ•ๅ††ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
03:33
this word "ellipses", but just understand that it's referring to this. What does three
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ใŒ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไธ‰็‚น ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†
03:38
dots means? "And so on". Same idea. Right? But this is... Usually, you see this in writing.
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹? "็ญ‰ใ€…"ใ€‚ ๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ... ้€šๅธธใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ›ธ้ขใง่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
03:48
Instead of writing three words, you just put three dots, because it's easier, people understand
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3 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€3 ใคใฎใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’้…็ฝฎใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎๆ–นใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒ็†่งฃ
03:54
it. But also remember sometimes it's used just as a pause. Okay? So, person "A" says:
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไบบใ€ŒAใ€ใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผš
04:04
"Well..., I think..." You ask: "What do you think about climate change?" for example.
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ใ€Œใˆใˆใจ...ใ€็งใฏๆ€ใ†...ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€‚
04:17
"Well..." I'm thinking, thinking, thinking; dot, dot, dot. "I think that..." Etcetera.
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ใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“โ€ฆใ€ ่€ƒใˆใฆใ€่€ƒใˆใฆใ€่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ ็‚น็‚นใ€…ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™โ€ฆใ€ ็ญ‰ใ€…ใ€‚
04:23
Now, "And so on" means... "And so on" means the idea is going to continue. Okay? I'm about
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€ŒAnd so onใ€ใฏ... ใ€ŒAnd so onใ€ใฏ ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒ็ถšใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็ง
04:29
to give you my opinion. Right? This is in writing. Some people will actually say: "Dot,
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ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ็งใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๆ›ธ้ขใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ€
04:37
dot, dot", but they're trying to be dramatic or cool. If you saw the movie Trainspotting,
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ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒžใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใพใŸใฏใ‚ฏใƒผใƒซใซใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€Œใƒˆใƒฌใ‚คใƒณใ‚นใƒใƒƒใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸไบบใชใ‚‰
04:42
you heard it there, "dot, dot, dot". Very dramatic scene. I liked it. Okay? But basically
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ใ€ใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใจ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ ใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒžใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใชใ‚ทใƒผใƒณใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ
04:47
so far, all more or less the same idea.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ ใปใผๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚
04:52
Now, you get into: "blah, blah, blah". First of all, don't ever write this. Very, very,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€็ตถๅฏพใซๆ›ธใ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ€
04:58
very casual. This is usually for spoken English. What does it mean? It also means "and so on",
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้€šๅธธใ€่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰็”จใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œใชใฉใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
05:08
but because the conversation is not interesting. Okay? My friend, Harry, he came over to my
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ใŒใ€ไผš่ฉฑใŒ้ข็™ฝใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใ€ใƒใƒชใƒผใ€ๅฝผใฏ็งใฎๅฎถใซใ‚„ใฃใฆๆฅ
05:19
house and he started telling me about his kids, blah, blah, blah. And then we went out
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ใฆใ€ๅฝผใฎๅญไพ›ใŸใกใซใคใ„ใฆ็งใซ่ฉฑใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰
05:23
to watch the hockey game at the bar. Why did I put "blah, blah, blah" after his kids? Because
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ใƒใƒผใงใƒ›ใƒƒใ‚ฑใƒผใฎ่ฉฆๅˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใชใœ็งใฏ ๅฝผใฎๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฎๅพŒใซใ€Œไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹?
05:29
I don't care. I don't have kids. It's not interesting for me. So, here's the story,
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ๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚ ็งใซใฏๅญไพ›ใŒใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใซใฏ้ข็™ฝใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
05:35
I'm making it very short because it's not really interesting. Right? So he started talking
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใพใ‚Š้ข็™ฝใใชใ„ใฎใงใ€้žๅธธใซ็Ÿญใใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงๅฝผใฏ
05:40
about his kids, blah, blah, blah. Time passed by. And so on, his kids, his life, his toys,
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅญไพ›ใŸใกใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€‚ ๆ™‚ใŒ็ตŒใก ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใฎๅญไพ›ใŸใกใ€ๅฝผใฎไบบ็”Ÿใ€ๅฝผใฎใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใ€
05:48
his kids' toys. I don't know. I don't have kids, again, remember. Blah, blah, blah, and
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ๅฝผใฎๅญไพ›ใฎใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใชใฉใ€‚ ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ็งใซใฏ ๅญไพ›ใŒใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใจใ‹ไฝ•ใจใ‹ไฝ•ใจใ‹ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€
05:53
then the important part: we went to watch the hockey game. So, I'm skipping all the
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ใใ—ใฆ้‡่ฆใช้ƒจๅˆ†๏ผšใƒ›ใƒƒใ‚ฑใƒผใฎ่ฉฆๅˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
05:59
not interesting conversation by putting in: "blah, blah, blah".
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ใ€ใ€Œไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ€้ข็™ฝใใชใ„ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ใ™ในใฆใ‚นใ‚ญใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:03
But sometimes we use the word "blah" only one; not three. Here, three means and so on.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’1ใคใ ใ‘ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ 3ใคใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€3ใคใฎๆ‰‹ๆฎตใชใฉใ€‚
06:12
One has a very different meaning. "Blah". You see how I'm saying it? "Blah". -"How do
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1ใคใฏ้žๅธธใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ใ€‚ ็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ใ€‚ -"
06:18
you feel today?" -"Blah. Not so good." -"How's the steak?" -"Blah." Means not much flavour,
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ่ชฟๅญใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ" -ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ -ใ€Œ ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ญใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ -ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ ๅ‘ณใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใชใใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Š้šœใ‚Šใฎใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
06:25
a little bit bland. -"How's the weather?" -"Blah." It's like raining and cold, and not
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ -"ใฉใ‚“ใชๅคฉๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ" -ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงๅฏ’ใใ€
06:30
so nice. So, basically, any time you want to say something negative about something,
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆ
06:35
just say: "Blah." But you have to say it like this: "Blah." It's like coming out of your
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ๏ผšใ€Œไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฃใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใฆใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใง
06:40
mouth and you don't want it to, but it has to come out. Right? That's why it doesn't
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅ‡บใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
06:44
feel good. It's almost like a sickness.
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ๆฐ—ๆŒใกๆ‚ชใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉ ็—…ๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
06:47
So, there we have it. ", and so on", "etc.", "...", especially for writing, "blah, blah,
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ€ใชใฉใ€ใ€ใ€Œใชใฉใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ...ใ€ใ€็‰นใซๆ›ธใๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€
06:54
blah", to skip the not interesting part, and: "blah". Now, I hope that this lesson wasn't
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ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ใ€้ข็™ฝใใชใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใฆใ€ ใ€Œไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒไฝ•ใจใ‹ใชใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒ
07:01
blah, but that's up to you to decide. If you want to practice a little bit more on these
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸๆฌก็ฌฌใงใ™. ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
07:06
things, go to www.engvid.com. There's a quiz there. If you're watching on YouTube, A) subscribe
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ใฏใ€www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บ ใงใ™ใ€‚ YouTube ใง่ฆ–่ดใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€A)
07:12
to my channel, B) go to www.engvid.com and practice these things. And lastly, if you
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็งใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚B) www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ”ไธๆ˜Žใช็‚นใŒใ”ใ–ใ„
07:18
have any questions, write them in the comments section and I will get back to you. Okay?
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ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆ ๆฌ„ใซใ”่จ˜ๅ…ฅใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๆŠ˜ใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใ”้€ฃ็ตกใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:22
Thank you very much. See you later.
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ใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใพใŸๅพŒใงใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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