6 confusing words - small & little, big & large, tall & high

773,312 views ใƒป 2013-08-06

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
Hi again. I'm Adam. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. Today's lesson is a little bit tricky. The
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ใพใŸไผšใฃใŸใญใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒ€ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
00:09
reason I say it's tricky is because we're talking about specific words that are often
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็งใŒใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ ใจ่จ€ใ†็†็”ฑ ใฏใ€ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐไบคๆ›ๅฏ่ƒฝใช็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
00:15
interchangeable; that are often used in the same situations or same meanings. We're talking
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ใ€‚ ๅŒใ˜็Šถๆณใ‚„ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
00:22
about "small" versus "little", "big" versus "large", "tall" versus "high". Some students
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ใ€Œๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ€Œๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅคงใใ„ใ€ใจ ใ€Œๅคงใใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€ใจใ€Œ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹. ไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ
00:30
asked: what's the difference between them? I'll do my best to explain the difference
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ๅฐ‹ใญใพใ—ใŸ๏ผšๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆœ€ๅ–„ใ‚’ๅฐฝใใ—
00:35
between these words. First thing and the most important thing that
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:38
you need to remember about these words is that yes, they are synonyms -- means they
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆๆœ€ๅˆใซ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ
00:43
have almost the same meaning. What makes the difference in how to use them is always going
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏใ€ๅธธใซ
00:50
to be context. Okay? A lot of the difference in how to use these words depends on the context
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ้•ใ„ใฎๅคšใใฏใ€
00:58
they are being used in. Some expressions take this word or that word, and not the other,
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–‡่„ˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไธ€้ƒจใฎ่กจ็พใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใพใŸใฏใใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ไป–ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“
01:05
for example. In some situations, the meaning is very different depending on which word
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ใ€‚ ็Šถๆณ ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
01:10
you use. Okay? So we're going to start with "small" and "little".
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ ใ€ใ€Œๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ€Œๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:15
Okay? The main thing to remember and in most cases the biggest difference: when we talk
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใไธปใชใ“ใจใจใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ ๅ ดๅˆๆœ€ๅคงใฎ้•ใ„:
01:21
about "small", when we use "small", we talk about size, the size of something or its dimensions
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ใ€Œๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ใ€Œๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ ใ€ใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใ€ใพใŸใฏใใฎๅฏธๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:27
-- dimensions are length, width, height, depth, etcetera -- or intensity. Okay? When we talk
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ๅฏธๆณ•ใฏใ€้•ทใ•ใ€ๅน…ใ€้ซ˜ใ•ใ€ ๆทฑใ• ใชใฉ - ใพใŸใฏๅผทๅบฆใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:34
about the intensity of something. So first of all, the thing to remember about this:
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅผทใ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€‚ ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใ
01:40
we're talking about physical size. When we describe something as "small", generally we
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ใ“ใจใฏใ€็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™. ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ€Œๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ
01:47
mean physically small, something physical is small. But again, sometimes we can use
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ใฏ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใซๅฐใ•ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏๅฐใ•ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Š
01:54
"little" to talk about the physical size of something.
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œlittleใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:57
So for example: somebody has small hands or somebody has little hands. The nuance is a
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ‰‹ใŒๅฐใ•ใ„ไบบใ‚„ใ€ๆ‰‹ใŒๅฐใ•ใ„ไบบใชใฉ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใŒ
02:05
little bit different, and this is what you have to be careful about, nuance. If somebody
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้•ใ†ใฎใงใ™ ใŒใ€ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใฎใŒใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹
02:10
has small hands, it means generally physical small but if somebody has little hands, it
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ใŒๅฐใ•ใชๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใซๅฐใ•ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใŒใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅฐใ•ใชๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎไบบใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ‰‹
02:17
has more of the idea that he or she can do less with their hands. True, not true - I
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ใงใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“-
02:24
don't know; I'll leave that up to you. But just remember there's a slight nuance in difference.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซไปปใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ— ใ€ใ‚ใšใ‹ใชใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใฎ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:29
But, if you look at somebody, say: "Oh, he has such little hands." Or if you say: "Oh,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใฎๆ‰‹ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€
02:34
that person has such small hands." Most people will get the same idea. But again, context
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ใ‚ใฎไบบใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใชๆ‰‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€‚ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบ ใฏๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆ–‡่„ˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
02:40
might tell you it's a little bit different. Okay. When I talk about intensity, again,
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ็งใŒๆฟ€ใ—ใ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
02:47
usually something physical like somebody has a small voice. If somebody has a small voice,
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้€šๅธธใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏๅฐใ•ใชๅฃฐใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ่ชฐใ‹ใฎๅฃฐใŒๅฐใ•ใ„
02:56
sometimes it's a little bit hard to hear them. Did you hear that? Did you hear my small voice
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ใจใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—่žใๅ–ใ‚Šใซใใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่žใ“ใˆใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใฎๅฐใ•ใชๅฃฐใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€
03:00
or do you hear my big voice now? But we'll get to that after.
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ไปŠ็งใฎๅคงใใชๅฃฐใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ‹? ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅพŒใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:04
Usually, we use "little" with uncountables; money, time. "I have a little money." Not
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้€šๅธธใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซใฏใ€Œlittleใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŠ้‡‘ใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:13
"small money". Small money means like in Canada, we have a dime, 10 cents, it's a very small
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ใ€Œๅฐ้Šญใ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒขใƒผใƒซ ใƒžใƒใƒผใจใฏใ€ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ 1 ใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆ็กฌ่ฒจใ€10 ใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฐใ•ใช
03:19
coin but that's not what we're talking about. "A little money", when we're talking about quantity.
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ใ‚ณใ‚คใƒณใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ้‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฎใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใ€‚
03:27
So usually when you talk about uncountables -- things you can't count and you're not talking
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้€šๅธธใ€ ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใš
03:31
about physical size because it's not something physical, physical things you can count -- uncountables,
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ใ€็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ ใง
03:37
not physical things, you usually use "small". If we talk about someone's stature... Now,
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ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใฎ่บซ้•ทใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจ... ใงใฏใ€
03:43
what does "stature" mean? It means more or less like how people view this person or this
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ใ€Œ่บซ้•ทใ€ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹? ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅคšใ‹ใ‚Œๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใ‚Œใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใ“ใฎไบบใ‚„ใ“ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
03:47
thing. So look at the example. For example: if I say "A small man" versus "A little man".
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. ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไพ‹๏ผš ใ€Œๅฐใ•ใช็”ทใ€ใจใ€Œๅฐใ•ใช็”ทใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
03:58
A small man means usually physically small; maybe short, maybe skinny, whatever. A little
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ๅฐๆŸ„ใช็”ทๆ€งใจใฏใ€้€šๅธธใ€็‰ฉ็†็š„ใซๅฐใ•ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็Ÿญใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€็—ฉใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฐใ•ใช
04:03
man is something... we don't care about this person. Right? He's small, I can step on him
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็”ทใฏไฝ•ใ‹... ็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใฎไบบใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ๅฝผใฏๅฐใ•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€็งใฏๅฝผใ‚’่ธใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
04:08
because he's not... doesn't have stature. A big man has a bit more stature. A large
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅคง็”ทใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:15
man is a large man, but we'll get to that in a second.
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ๅคง็”ทใฏๅคง็”ทใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ ใ™ใใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:18
When we talk about adjective of degree. When we want... we use "little" almost like an
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็จ‹ๅบฆใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใชใจใใฏ... ใปใจใ‚“ใฉๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œlittleใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™
04:23
adverb. So: "I'm a little tired." Not small tired, a little tired. Or if you say... and
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ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ๅฐใ•ใ ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰...ใใ—ใฆ
04:30
that means just a little bit. Right? Not a great amount. But if I say: "I'm a little irritated."
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ใใ‚Œใฏใปใ‚“ใฎๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™. ๅณ๏ผŸ ใŸใ„ใ—ใŸ้‡ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:41
I'm a little irritated means like ugh, you know, somebody made me irritated.
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I'm a little irritated ใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็งใ‚’ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ•ใ›ใŸใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
04:45
Again, context will usually tell you that "little irritated" means very irritated.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€้€šๅธธใ€ ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:51
"Ugh, I'm a little irritated." Means I'm pissed off, to be honest, but we use "little" to
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ใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ‚คใƒฉใฃใจใใŸใชใ€ ๆญฃ็›ดใชใจใ“ใ‚ใ€็งใฏ่…นใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
04:57
make it softer. Okay? But, and another thing, again this usually
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ใ—ใฆๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใใ—ใพใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใพใŸ ๅˆฅใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚้€šๅธธ
05:02
comes back to countables or uncountables. When we're talking about countables and we
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ใ€ๅฏ็ฎ—ใพใŸใฏไธๅฏ็ฎ—ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ
05:07
want to talk about the quantity, like how much we have, we say: "We have a small amount
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ใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใชใฉใฎ้‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจใใฏ ใ€ใ€ŒWe have a small amount
05:12
of something" or "We have a small number of somethings." Again, you usually use amount
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of somethingใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒWe have a small number of somethings.ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€้€šๅธธใฏ
05:19
with uncountables, you'll use number with countables. But for both, you can use: "A
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ไธๅฏ็ฎ—ใง amount ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€number ใฏๅฏ็ฎ—ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใซใ‚‚ใ€Œ
05:24
small amount", "A small number of". But you would say "a little" with the uncountables.
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ๅฐ‘้‡ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฐ‘้‡ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:30
"I have a little time.", "I have a small amount of time to give you.", "I have a small number
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ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ
05:36
of friends." But here you won't use "little", you will use "few" for the countables. "I
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ๅ‹้”ใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ "little" ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ›ใšใ€ "few" ใ‚’ๅฏ็ฎ—ๆ•ฐใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ง
05:41
have a few friends." Okay? So again, if you mix the two "small" or "little",
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ใซใฏๆ•ฐไบบใฎๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใฎใ€Œๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚’ๆททใœๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ€
05:48
most people will understand the same thing that you want them to understand. But if you
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใฏ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใจๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
05:52
want the detailed differences, this is basically it. There are other small various degrees
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ใ€่ฉณ็ดฐใช้•ใ„ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ“ใ‚Œใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ใซใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใชใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จ‹ๅบฆ
06:00
of difference; very, very nuanced. But again, context will usually make that clear --which
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ใฎ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅพฎๅฆ™ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใŒใ€้€šๅธธใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€
06:06
one you should use or which one, or why the one that is being used is being used. Okay?
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใŒๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:12
It's not as clear when we talk about "big" and "large". Let's look at that now.
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ใ€Œๅคงใใ„ใ€ใจใ€Œๅคงใใ„ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:17
Okay, so now we're going to look at "big" and "large". This is a little bit more complicated
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œๅคงใ€ใจใ€Œๅคงใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:22
because "big" and "large" are almost the same... Have almost the same meaning. There're not
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ใ€Œๅคงใใ„ใ€ใจใ€Œๅคงใใ„ใ€ใฏใปใผๅŒใ˜ใชใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—่ค‡้›‘ใงใ™... ใปใผๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกใพใ™ใ€‚
06:28
many situations where you can't interchange them. Okay? Some people think that "large"
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไบคๆ›ใงใใชใ„็Šถๆณใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅคงใ€ใฏใ€Œๅคงใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™
06:33
is a little bit more formal than "big" but not necessarily. "Big" and "large" can both
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ใŒ ใ€ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ใใ†ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅคงใใ„ใ€ใจใ€Œๅคงใใ„ใ€ใฏใฉใกใ‚‰
06:39
be used to talk about size and dimensions; we mentioned dimensions before. But again,
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ใ‚‚ใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใจๅฏธๆณ•ใ‚’่กจใ™ใฎใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‰ใซๅฏธๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฟฐในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
06:45
it's all about context. Okay? Then again, the nuances that come from the context will
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซ ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰็”Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€
06:52
tell you which one you should or shouldn't use.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ในใใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝฟ็”จใ™ในใใงใชใ„ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:55
So for example: if you talk about "the big boss", the big boss is basically like the
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅคงใƒœใ‚นใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ๅคงใƒœใ‚นใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ CEO ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎ
07:00
CEO. Right? He's the president, the top guy. He's going to be the big boss, he's at the
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ๅฝผใฏ็คพ้•ทใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎ็”ทใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใƒ“ใƒƒใ‚ฐใƒœใ‚นใซใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ๅฝผใฏ
07:05
top, he's the most. If you say: "The large boss", sounds a little bit strange if what
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ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๅฝผใฏไธ€็•ชใ ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅคงใใชใƒœใ‚นใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจ ใ€
07:10
you mean is CEO or president. If you say: "The large boss", I'm thinking the fat one.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ CEO ใ‚„็คพ้•ทใฎใ“ใจใ ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅคงใƒœใ‚นใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ๅคชใฃใŸใƒœใ‚นใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:16
Okay? There're two or three bosses; there's the CEO, there's a president, there's a COO,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใƒœใ‚นใฏ 2 ไบบใ‹ 3 ไบบใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ CEOใŒใ„ใฆใ€็คพ้•ทใŒใ„ใฆใ€COOใŒใ„
07:20
etcetera. You're talking about the "large boss" -- I'm thinking about the big burly
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œๅคงใใชใƒœใ‚นใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ - ็งใฏๅคงใใชใŸใใพใ—ใ„
07:24
guy. Okay? So I wouldn't really say "big boss" if I mean heavy guy. I wouldn't say "large
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็”ทใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€้‡ใ„็”ทใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€Œๅคงใƒœใ‚นใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ฌใ‚คใชใ‚‰ใ€Œๅคงใƒœใ‚นใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›
07:31
boss" if I mean top guy. Now, let's look at this one. You're talking
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
07:36
about your brother. "My big brother" -- what does that mean? Generally, it means older,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ€ŒใŠๅ…„ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€ ใฃใฆใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ๏ผŸ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏ
07:42
my older brother, my big brother. Okay? And if you talk about your younger brother, "my
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ใ€ใŠๅ…„ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใŠๅ…„ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใŠๅ…„ใ•ใ‚“ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆ ๅผŸใจใ„ใˆใฐใ€Œ็งใฎ
07:48
little brother". He's not physically small, he's younger. Okay? So it's the same idea.
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ๅผŸใ€ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏไฝ“ใŒๅฐใ•ใ„ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€่‹ฅใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚
07:52
If you say: "my large brother", again, you're talking about a big boy, bigger than you anyway
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œ็งใฎๅ…„่ฒดใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅคงใใช็”ทใฎๅญใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใจใซใ‹ใใ‚ใชใŸใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚
07:58
-- that's why you think he's large. And again, here we go about with amount or
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ๅคงใใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ้‡ใพใŸใฏ
08:04
number describing a quantity. I would say: "A large number of people came to the party.",
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้‡ใ‚’่กจใ™ๆ•ฐๅ€คใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ๅคงๅ‹ขใฎไบบใŒใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ใ€
08:10
"A large number of stars are in the sky." Whatever, it's not a good example but it's
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ใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆ˜ŸใŒ็ฉบใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ„ใšใ‚Œใซใ›ใ‚ˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ
08:17
an example. I wouldn't say: "A big number" -- it just sounds a little bit strange. It's
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ใ€ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ€Œๅคงใใชๆ•ฐใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:21
not very common to say: "a big number". Again, not wrong. If you say: "A big number of people
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ใ€Œๅคงใใชๆ•ฐใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅคงๅ‹ขใฎไบบ
08:27
came", everybody will understand. It's fine, but not commonly heard. But if you talk about
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ใŒๆฅใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€้‡‘้กใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ใˆใฐ
08:33
amount, again, more common: "a large amount of whatever", "a large amount of money was
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ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใฎใฏใ€ใ€Œๅคš้ก ใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅคš้กใฎใŠ้‡‘ใŒ
08:39
spent." But you could say: "a big amount". Most people prefer to say "large"; it just
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่ฒปใ‚„ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œๅคง้‡ใ€ใ€‚ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใฏใ€Œๅคงใใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’ๅฅฝใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
08:45
sounds a little bit better for whatever reason. Now, again, here you go: context. "Large business"
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ใชใ‚“ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ็†็”ฑใงๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘่‰ฏใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅคงไผๆฅญใ€
08:52
versus "big business". Okay? "Big business" you're talking about a big company or a big
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ๅฏพใ€Œๅคงไผๆฅญใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅคงไผๆฅญใ€ ใจใฏใ€ๅคงไผๆฅญใ‚„ๅคงไผๆฅญใฎใ“ใจใงใ™
08:58
industry. Okay? "Large business" means you do, it does a lot of traffic, a lot of trading,
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅคงไผๆฅญใ€ ใจใฏใ€ๅคง้‡ใฎใƒˆใƒฉใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ๅคง้‡ใฎๅ–ๅผ•
09:04
a lot of sales and incoming/outgoing revenues, etcetera. So I can't tell you exactly there's
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ใ€ๅคง้‡ใฎ่ฒฉๅฃฒใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณๅŽๅ…ฅ/ๅŽๅ…ฅใชใฉใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
09:11
a difference between "big" and "large", it's about context: which one sounds better? Okay?
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ใ€ใ€Œๅคงใใ„ใ€ใจใ€Œๅคงใใ„ใ€ใฎ้–“ใซ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆญฃ็ขบใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใ‚Œ ใฏๆ–‡่„ˆใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„้Ÿณใงใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:19
You could say: "a big house", you could say: "a large house", they will mean exactly the
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ใ€Œๅคงใใชๅฎถใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๅคงใใชๅฎถใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
09:24
same thing. So basically, be careful about the context. If it doesn't feel right, change
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๆ‚ชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
09:30
it to the other one but don't worry about using one or the other. And if you're doing
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ใ€ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€
09:36
a test like TOEFL or IELTS, "big" and "large" in the essay will get you the same points.
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TOEFL ใ‚„ IELTS ใชใฉใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใฎใ€Œๅคงใใ„ใ€ใจใ€Œๅคงใใ„ ใ€ใฏๅŒใ˜็‚นๆ•ฐใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:41
"Large" is not a fancy word, it's just another way of saying "big". Okay? So the best I can
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ใ€Œๅคงใ€ใฏๆดพๆ‰‹ใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏใชใใ€ๅ˜ใซ ใ€Œๅคงใ€ใฎๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ
09:48
do for you with these two. "Small" and "little", they have some variations, "big" and "large",
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ใ“ใฎ2ใคใงใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใงใใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅ–„ใ‚’ๅฐฝใใ—ใพใ™. ใ€Œๅฐใ€ใจใ€Œๅฐใ€ ใ€ใ€Œๅคงใ€ใจใ€Œๅคงใ€ใฎใƒใƒชใ‚จใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
09:54
not so much. Now, let's take a look at "tall" and "high".
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ใใ‚Œใปใฉๅคšใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ ใ€Œ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€ใจใ€Œ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:58
Okay, so let's look at our last one here: "tall" and "high". This one should be a little
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ใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ ใ€Œ่ƒŒใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€ใจใ€Œ่ƒŒใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
10:03
bit more straightforward. Okay? When we talk about tall things, generally it's, generally
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ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็ฐกๅ˜ใชใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่ƒŒใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€
10:09
it's always about physical things. Not always, there are certain exceptions but mostly it's
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ๅธธใซ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅธธใซใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ็‰นๅฎšใฎไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ
10:13
about physical things. And if you want to remember, think about things that are standing.
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ใฏ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™. ใใ—ใฆใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:18
Okay? So a person, like for example myself, I am standing here and I am this tall.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐ็งใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไบบใฏใ€ ใ“ใ“ใซ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใปใฉ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
10:24
If somebody this tall is next to me, then I am tall. If somebody is here, then I am short.
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ใ“ใฎ่ƒŒใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ไบบใŒ็งใฎ้šฃใซใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ„. ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏไธ่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:28
But it doesn't matter, by talking about a person and then we're talking about tall or
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ไบบใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
10:34
not tall. We don't say: "A person is high." If you say: "A person is high", he's probably
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œไบบใฏ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œไบบใฏ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎไบบใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ‹‰ๅผท
10:40
doing something very different than studying English.
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ใจใฏใพใฃใŸใ้•ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
10:43
Anyway, if we talk about "high", generally speaking, we talk about above average, above
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใ€Œ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€ใจ ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ๅนณๅ‡ไปฅไธŠใ€
10:51
others like it. Okay? So we're talking about high ground. Okay? So let's say you have,
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ไป–ใฎไบบใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏ้ซ˜ๅฐใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:02
this is sea level, this is called high ground; it's above the other ground around it, above
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆตท้ขใงใ€้ซ˜ๅœฐใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅ‘จๅ›ฒใฎไป–ใฎๅœฐ้ขใฎไธŠใซใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
11:08
sea level generally speaking. We also use "high" to talk about ideas, things that are
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐๆตท้ขใ‚ˆใ‚ŠไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸ ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใ‚ใ‚‹็‰ฉไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—
11:14
ideas; they're not real, they're not physical. High cost, the high cost of living, a high
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็พๅฎŸใงใฏใชใใ€็‰ฉ็†็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ้ซ˜ใ‚ณใ‚นใƒˆใ€้ซ˜็”Ÿๆดป่ฒปใ€้ซ˜
11:20
price. We would never say "tall" about these things because there's nothing to compare
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ไพกๆ ผใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ€Œ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€ใจใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
11:24
them to. They're just an idea and they're high. Okay?
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. ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้ซ˜ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:29
Position, for example: an official in government, he's a high official means he has a very high
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ๅฝน่ทใ€ไพ‹ใˆใฐ: ๆ”ฟๅบœใฎๅฝนไบบใ€ ๅฝผใฏ้ซ˜ๅฎ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅฝผใŒ้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ใ„ๅœฐไฝใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
11:34
rank. Or we talk about high culture, people who go to the opera and drink champagne and
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ ใ€ใ‚ชใƒšใƒฉใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ‚ทใƒฃใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’้ฃฒใฟ
11:40
drive in limousines, they live in a slightly higher lifestyle, higher culture, etc.
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ใ€ใƒชใƒ ใ‚ธใƒณใ‚’้‹่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒใ‚ค ใ‚ซใƒซใƒใƒฃใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฐ‘ใ— ใƒใ‚ค ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใชใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใ€ใƒใ‚ค ใ‚ซใƒซใƒใƒฃใƒผใชใฉใซ
11:47
Something when you're reaching for a peak. So for example: travelling -- the reason you
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ไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ—…่กŒ -
11:52
don't want to travel in summer is because it's high season; prices are very high then.
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ๅคใซๆ—…่กŒใ—ใŸใใชใ„็†็”ฑใฏใ€ ใƒใ‚คใ‚ทใƒผใ‚บใƒณใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไพกๆ ผใฏ้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:57
We don't use "tall" for any of these things. Okay?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใซใ‚‚ใ€Œ่ƒŒใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€ใฏไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:00
But, in some situations you can use either one. If you describe something or someone...
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€็Šถๆณใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ...
12:06
He, let's say for example: "He is 6 feet high." It sounds a little strange. You would say:
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ๅฝผใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฎ่บซ้•ทใฏ 6 ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒˆใงใ™ใ€ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
12:11
"He is 6 feet tall." But if you're talking about like a wall or a door, "The door is
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฎ่บซ้•ทใฏ 6 ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒˆใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ— ใ€ๅฃใ‚„ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œใƒ‰ใ‚ขใฎ
12:17
6 feet high, six feet tall", both are okay. Okay?
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้ซ˜ใ•ใฏ 6 ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒˆใ€้ซ˜ใ•ใฏ 6 ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒˆใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใ‹ใพใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:21
Now, sometimes people mix these up. If we're talking about a building, some people say:
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ™‚ใ€…ไบบใ€…ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆททๅŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅปบ็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใจใฆใ‚‚้ซ˜ใ„ๅปบ็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™
12:27
"It's a very tall building." Like: the World Trade Center is a very tall building. Some
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ใ€‚ ไพ‹: ไธ–็•Œ ่ฒฟๆ˜“ใ‚ปใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใฏ้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ใ„ๅปบ็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
12:32
people say: "It's a very high building." Again, depends which one you want to use. I, personally,
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ใ€Œใจใฆใ‚‚้ซ˜ใ„ๅปบ็‰ฉใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ€ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใซ
12:38
would use "tall building" because a building is standing, somebody built it, it is standing.
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ใฏใ€ๅปบ็‰ฉใŒ ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅปบใฆใŸใ€็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œ้ซ˜ๅฑคใƒ“ใƒซใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:43
If you're talking about a mountain, I would say: "It's a high mountain." You could say:
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ๅฑฑใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏ้ซ˜ใ„ๅฑฑใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:48
"It's a tall mountain." But a mountain isn't standing, a mountain is sitting; it's been
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ใ€Œ้ซ˜ใ„ๅฑฑใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฑฑใฏ ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ๅฑฑใฏๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
12:52
there forever, it's sitting there. Nobody put it there, it's not moving so I consider
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ๆฐธ้ ใซใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ“ใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‚‚ ใใ“ใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅ‹•ใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใง
12:56
it sitting and therefore it's high. It's higher than the ground or the other mountains around
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ใ€ๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้ซ˜ใใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅœฐ้ขใ‚„ๅ‘จใ‚Šใฎๅฑฑใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้ซ˜ใ„
13:00
it. Okay? Again, context. Don't forget that. It's always
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใง ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅธธใซ
13:05
about context. Although the distinctions here are a little bit more clear. "Big" and "large",
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฎ้•ใ„ ใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใ™ใŒใ€‚ ใ€Œๅคงใใ„ใ€ใจใ€Œๅคงใใ„ใ€ใง
13:11
not so much; "small" and "little", yes and no; "tall" and "high", more clear cut. Okay?
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ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ใ€ใฏใ„ใจ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€ใจใ€Œ้ซ˜ใ„ใ€ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:17
But again, if you need more practice go to www.engvid.com. There's a quiz there you can
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ฉฆใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
13:22
try out. Also, don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel, and come back again and
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใพใŸ ๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆ
13:28
take some more lessons with us. Thank you.
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ใ€็งใŸใกใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ•ใ‚‰ใซใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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