TOEFL & IELTS skills - Notetaking

493,169 views ใƒป 2014-09-26

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hi. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. Today's lesson is going to be for those of
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒ€ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ
00:07
you who are going to take the TOEFL or IELTS test. So just so you understand, I will be
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ใ€TOEFL ใพใŸใฏ IELTS ใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใฎไบบใฎใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ
00:12
speaking at a more natural speed. It will be a little bit faster than some of you are
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถใช้€Ÿๅบฆใง่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€้ƒจใฎไบบใŒๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใ—้€Ÿใใชใ‚Šใพใ™
00:16
used to. But listen anyway, and watch. It's very good for listening practice, and it will
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ใ€‚ ใจใซใ‹ใ่žใ„ใฆใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใซใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ—ใ€
00:22
be helpful regardless. So today's lesson is specifically about note taking skills. I'm
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ใจใซใ‹ใๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ ็‰นใซใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
00:28
going to concentrate on the TOEFL, but it is also very useful for the people taking
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TOEFL ใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€IELTS ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆ ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ไบบใซใจใฃใฆใ‚‚้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใก
00:32
an IELTS test. Now, if you've seen my time management class for IELTS, you will realize
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎ IELTS ใฎๆ™‚้–“็ฎก็†ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ
00:37
that in the listening section, it's very important to know how to take notes. You don't want
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ใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใฏใ€ใƒกใƒขใฎๅ–ใ‚Šๆ–นใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’่ปข้€ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
00:41
to waste time concentrating on spelling and writing full words while the recording is playing
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ใ€้Œฒ้Ÿณใฎๅ†็”Ÿไธญใซใ‚นใƒšใƒซใ‚„ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็„ก้ง„ใซใ—ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
00:48
because you have time at the end to transfer your answers. That's when you want to write
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€
00:53
correctly spelled answers and everything. You want to just make sure during the listening
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใฎๅ›ž็ญ”ใจใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๆ›ธใใŸใ„ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ
01:00
section that you write enough to know what the word is. We're going to get into that
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ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใฏใ€ๅ˜่ชžใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎใซๅๅˆ†ใชใ ใ‘ๆ›ธใใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ . ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ
01:03
a little bit later. What I want to concentrate on mostly, though, is the TOEFL test, okay?
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ใ€ๅพŒใปใฉ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ไธ€็•ช ้›†ไธญใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใฏTOEFLใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:08
Because in the TOEFL test, it is crucial that you know how to take notes. Why? You have
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TOEFL ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใฏใ€ใƒŽใƒผใƒˆใฎๅ–ใ‚Šๆ–นใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ
01:15
a listening section; you have a speaking section; you have a writing section, all of which have
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎใ™ในใฆ
01:20
a listening component. Remember; this is an integrated test. You're going to have to listen
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ใซใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒใƒผใƒใƒณใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใฆ; ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ็ตฑๅˆใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
01:24
in each one of these sections. Okay?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ‚’่žใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:28
In the listening section, what many people don't realize who haven't taken a test yet:
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใฏใ€ ใพใ ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒๆฐ—ไป˜ใ„ใฆ
01:33
You don't see anything. Okay? You don't see the questions as you're listening to the lectures
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ใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจ: ไฝ•ใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่ฌ›็พฉ
01:37
or whatever you're listening to. So it's very, very important that you take notes as you're
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ใ‚„ไฝ•ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€่ณชๅ•ใฏ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่žใ„ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
01:43
listening so that when the questions do come, you have the information in front of you,
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€่ณชๅ•ใŒๆฅใŸ ใจใใซ็›ฎใฎๅ‰ใซๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
01:47
you know how to answer it, okay?
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ใใ‚Œใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:49
In the speaking section, you may be given a short conversation to listen to and then
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ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใฏใ€ ็Ÿญใ„ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆ
01:54
be given a question, and you have to speak your answer. But if you don't remember what
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ใ‹ใ‚‰่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใ€็ญ”ใˆใ‚’่ฉฑใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
01:58
they spoke about, then, you can't answer the question properly.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€่ณชๅ•ใซ้ฉๅˆ‡ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:02
In the writing section, you have -- in Task 1, you have to compare a reading section with
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใฏใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏ 1 ใงใฏใ€ใƒชใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใจใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
02:07
a listening section. And then, you have to write an answer comparing the two. So if you
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€2ใคใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆ›ธใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏ 1
02:13
don't take notes during the listening component of Task 1, it's very difficult to write your
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ใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒใƒผใƒใƒณใƒˆใงใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ ใ€็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆ›ธใใฎใŒ้žๅธธใซ้›ฃใ—ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™
02:17
answer. Okay? So note taking skills -- very important throughout the TOEFL test.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€TOEFL ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆๅ…จไฝ“ใง้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
02:24
So first of all, before we look at how to do it, let's look at what you need to concentrate
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใพใšใ€ใใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ ใซใ€่žใใจใใซ้›†ไธญใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟ
02:29
on as you're listening. Okay? Now, another thing to remember before I even start: This
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ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใ“ใจ: ใ“ใ‚Œใซ
02:35
takes practice. This is a skill that you have to sharpen, that you have to practice with
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ใฏ็ทด็ฟ’ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ ”ใŽๆพ„ใพใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹
02:40
every day before you go out to take your test.
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ๅ‰ใซๆฏŽๆ—ฅ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:43
Okay. Now, the first mistake people make is they think -- they try to write down every
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ไบบใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซ็Šฏใ™้–“้•ใ„ใฏใ€่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
02:48
word they hear. Impossible. Okay? Unless you're a stenographer -- that's a person who works
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ใ€‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€่žใ„ใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธๅฏ่ƒฝใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ้€Ÿ่จ˜่€…ใงใชใ„้™ใ‚Š - ใใ‚Œ
02:53
in court and writes down every word that the people in the courtroom are saying, lawyers,
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ใฏๆณ•ๅปทใงๅƒใใ€ๆณ•ๅปทใฎ ไบบใ€…ใ€ๅผ่ญทๅฃซใ€
02:56
judges, defendants, etc., witnesses -- you cannot write every word. Don't try. You don't
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่ฃๅˆคๅฎ˜ใ€่ขซๅ‘Šไบบใชใฉใ€่จผไบบใŒ่จ€ใฃ ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบ็‰ฉใงใ™ - ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ในใฆใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“. ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:05
need to write every word. You need to concentrate on the details that are important, on the
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ้‡่ฆใช่ฉณ็ดฐใ€้‡่ฆใช
03:09
information that is important.
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ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใซ้›†ไธญใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:11
Now, what you need to focus on are the big, general ideas. You need to understand generally
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆณจ็›ฎใ™ในใใฏใ€ๅคงใใใฆ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใ™ใ€‚
03:19
what is being spoken about, what is the topic, what is the subject. For example, is it science?
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ไฝ•ใŒ่ฉฑใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใŒใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใชใฎใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใŒไธป้กŒใชใฎใ‹ใ‚’ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ง‘ๅญฆใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:24
Is it history? Is it arts? You need to understand the general ideas because they're not going
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ๆญดๅฒใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่Šธ่ก“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
03:29
to ask you very, very specific questions, right? And if they do, they're going to give
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ใ€้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ? ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
03:33
you some information. They're going to give you something to listen to again. Or they're
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่žใใŸใ‚ใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
03:36
going to give you a very specific word.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซ ้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:39
So, details. Do you need to concentrate on every little detail? No. You'll be writing
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ใงใฏใ€่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็ดฐ้ƒจใซ้›†ไธญใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ‹? ใ„ใ„ใˆ
03:45
all the time, not listening. Stick to the big ideas. But -- okay, sorry. Having said
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ใ€่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ใšใฃใจๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅคงใใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใซๅ›บๅŸทใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ†ใฏ่จ€ใฃ
03:52
that, technical words -- if they give you some scientific word or some technological
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ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ - ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒ ็ง‘ๅญฆ็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚„ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใช
03:56
word, do you need to know it? No. They will give it to you in the question. You will see
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่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ใ„ใ„ใˆ ใ€่ณชๅ•ใงๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:02
it in the question, and you'll remember, "Oh, yeah. This is the technical word." There will
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่ณชๅ•ใฎไธญใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‚้–€็”จ่ชžใงใ™ใ€ใจๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:05
be technical words that even native speakers have no idea how to write or what they mean
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใงใ•ใˆ ใ€ๆ›ธใๆ–นใ‚„ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒ
04:11
or what they are. You don't need to either. What you need to listen to is the explanation
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅฐ‚้–€็”จ่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎๅฟ…่ฆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
04:17
of what the technical word refers to or means because the word itself, they will give you
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ใ€ๅฐ‚้–€็”จ่ชžใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Ž ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็”จ่ชž่‡ชไฝ“
04:22
in the questions.
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ใŒ่ณชๅ•ใงๅ‡บใฆใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:25
Headings, divisions, lists: These are the most important things you're listening for.
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่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ€ๅˆ†ๅ‰ฒใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆ: ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
04:30
For example, you're listening to a lecture in a university classroom, and the professor
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ใŸใจใˆใฐ ใ€ๅคงๅญฆใฎๆ•™ๅฎคใง่ฌ›็พฉใ‚’่žใ„
04:34
says, "So today, we're going to look at three reasons why fracking is bad." "Fracking" -- you
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ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๆ•™ๆŽˆใŒใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ --
04:40
don't need to know. From a general idea -- you will have an idea what "fracking" means. But
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็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่€ƒใˆๆ–นใ‹ใ‚‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ€Œใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
04:47
"fracking" spelling? You don't need to know. Specifically, the details of how fracking
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ใ€Œใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซ๏ผŸ ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใฎไป•็ต„ใฟใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ
04:51
works, you don't need to know. What you do need to listen to are the three reasons. So
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ใ€็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€3ใคใฎ็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
04:56
he's dividing the lecture into three topics. Make sure that you create a heading for each
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ๅฝผใฏ่ฌ›็พฉใ‚’ 3 ใคใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซๅˆ†ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็†็”ฑใ”ใจใซ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
05:03
reason.
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05:03
So the first reason is pollution. Write down "pollution". And then you can take notes under
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ใ€‚
็ฌฌไธ€ใฎ็†็”ฑใฏๆฑšๆŸ“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๆฑšๆŸ“ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใใฎไธ‹ใซใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
05:09
it if you need to. The second reason is expense. Write down "expense" and whatever information
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ 2ใค็›ฎใฎ็†็”ฑใฏ่ฒป็”จใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ตŒ่ฒปใ€ใจใใ‚Œใซ็ถšใๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚
05:15
comes after that. The third reason -- whatever. You get the gist, I think. By the way, I hope
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ็†็”ฑใฏใ€ไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฆ็‚นใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€
05:22
you know this word, "gist". "Gist" is the general idea. That's what you're listening
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ใ“ใฎใ€Œ่ฆ็‚นใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ฆ็‚นใ€ใฏ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่€ƒใˆๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
05:29
for. If they're about the present a list, try to write down the list because this is
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็พๅœจใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
05:34
probably important, okay?
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใ้‡่ฆใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:36
So in the listening section, don't sit there with your eyes closed and try to remember
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใฏใ€็›ฎใ‚’้–‰ใ˜ใฆๅบงใฃใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚่žใ„ใŸ ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
05:40
everything you hear. You cannot do it. There will be quite a few questions for each listening
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅ„ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎๆ•ฐใฎๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
05:47
section. You need to make sure that you have the information on a piece of paper in front
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ใ€‚ ็›ฎใฎๅ‰ใฎ็ด™ใซๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒ
05:51
of you. When you go to the TOEFL center, they will give you paper. They will give you a
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ TOEFL ใ‚ปใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใซ่กŒใใจใ€ ใƒšใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใŒๆธกใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ้‰›็ญ†ใ‚’ใใ‚Œใพใ™
05:55
pencil. That's what it is for: to take notes. Use it.
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ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ใ€ใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€‚
06:00
Next. In the speaking section, much shorter listening sections, but very important. What
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ๆฌกใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใฏใ€ ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š็Ÿญใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•
06:07
are you listening for? You're listening for dates and times. For example, "Oh, yeah. Let's
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ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๆ—ฅไป˜ใจๆ™‚ๅˆปใ‚’ใƒชใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใใ†ใใ†ใ€
06:11
meet next Tuesday." The "text Tuesday", you have to be careful; it's not "this Tuesday",
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ๆฌกใฎ็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใซไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใฎใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใ€ใซใฏ ๆณจๆ„ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€ŒไปŠ้€ฑใฎ็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
06:16
for example. Times, a.m., p.m. -- you don't need specifically 5:14; you need to understand
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ใ€‚ ๆ™‚้–“ใ€ๅˆๅ‰ใ€ๅˆๅพŒ -- ็‰นใซ 5:14 ใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅˆๅพŒใ€ๆœใ€ๅค•ๆ–นใชใฉใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
06:23
afternoon, morning, evening, etc.
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06:27
If people are making plans, make sure you understand what the plans are. Meet here,
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ไบบใ€…ใŒ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€่จˆ็”ปใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงไผšใฃใฆใ€
06:32
do this with these people. That's the information you want to write down. If somebody agrees
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไบบใ€…ใจใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใใŸใ„ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ
06:40
or disagrees with something, write that down. If somebody makes an excuse -- "Do you want
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซ่ณ›ๆˆใพใŸใฏๅๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่จ€ใ„่จณใ‚’ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆ -- ใ€Œ
06:48
to come to my party next week?" "No, I can't. I have to take my mother shopping." Write
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ๆฅ้€ฑใ€็งใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซๆฅใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹?ใ€ ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆฏใ‚’่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
06:52
that down, "mother, shopping". You don't have to write, "He has to take his mother shopping."
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใ€ใ€ŒใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใ€่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๆฏ่ฆชใ‚’่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจๆ›ธใๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:57
No. Don't do that. "Mother, shopping" -- done.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใ†ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€ŒใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใ€ ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใ€ -- ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:01
Okay. Which goes with this? Accept, reject. Somebody makes an invitation. Does the person
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซๅˆใ†ใฎใฏใฉใ‚Œ๏ผŸ ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ๆ‹’ๅฆใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆ‹›ๅพ…็Šถใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎไบบใฏ
07:06
accept or reject? He accepts and goes. If he rejects, make sure you know what the excuse
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ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ๆ‹’ๅฆใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฝผใฏๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใŒ ๆ‹’ๅฆใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€่จ€ใ„่จณใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
07:14
is. Okay? Because they'll ask you for that.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:16
Purpose. There's going to be a meeting. Okay. Meeting -- not important. What is the meeting
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็›ฎ็š„ใ€‚ ไผš่ญฐใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ไผš่ญฐ -- ้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไผš่ญฐใฎๅ†…ๅฎน
07:22
about? Write that down. That is important. Or the reason -- reason and excuses: similar,
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ใฏ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ็†็”ฑ -- ็†็”ฑใจ่จ€ใ„่จณ: ไผผ
07:28
but a bit different. Reason for doing something, excuse for not doing something. Okay? So this
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„่จ€ใ„่จณใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
07:34
is only the listening and speaking. Let's look at the writing and section, what you
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ใฏใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใจใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใฎใฟใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ“ใงไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ใจใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
07:37
need to do there.
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ใ€‚
07:38
Okay. So now, let's look at the writing section. What are you doing in the writing section?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:43
Remember that you have a short reading passage. You're given a little bit of time. You could
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็Ÿญใ„ๆ–‡็ซ ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใŠๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ„ใŸใ ใ„ใฆใŠใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชญใฟ
07:48
already start taking your notes as you're reading. But for some people, the reading
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ใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ใ™ใงใซใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ชญใ‚€ใฎใซ
07:52
takes some time. Concentrate on the reading. Get the idea. What are the supporting, what
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ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆ่ชญใ‚€ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใŒๆ”ฏๆŒใ•ใ‚Œ
07:56
are the attacking, what is their argument. What examples are they using? Then, when you're
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ใ€ไฝ•ใŒๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ•ใ‚Œใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎไธปๅผตใฏไฝ•ใชใฎใ‹ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไพ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ๆฌกใซใ€
08:02
doing your listening, you're listening for -- first thing you're listening for: Are they
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผใ‚‰
08:07
supporting or attacking the reading? Okay? Because the question is going to ask you how
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ใฏใƒชใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆŒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ€
08:11
are they supporting or attacking the reading? So this is what you have to pay attention
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่ชญๆ›ธใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ”ฏๆŒใพใŸใฏๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™. ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจ
08:15
for. If they are supporting, what point are they making? If they are attacking, what are
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆ”ฏๆŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็‚นใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
08:20
the points they're making? Again, big points, major points as compared to the reading.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ— ใพใ™ใŒใ€่ชญๆ›ธใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ€ๅคงใใชใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ€ๅคงใใชใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ€‚
08:25
Also, if the listening uses any names, like a company name or a person's name as an example
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ใพใŸใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใง ไผš็คพๅใ‚„ๅ€‹ไบบๅใชใฉใฎๅๅ‰ใŒๆ”ฏๆŒใพใŸใฏๆ”ปๆ’ƒใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
08:32
of supporting or attacking, try to write down that name. This will get you a lot of points
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ใฏใ€ใใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
08:38
with the graders if they can see that you wrote down the name and used it in your short
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ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅๅ‰ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆๅฐ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉ•ไพก่€…ใŒ็ขบ่ชใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆŽก็‚น่€…ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅคšใใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใงใ ใพใ™
08:42
essay.
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ใ€‚
08:43
Examples. Any examples that they use to support or attack? Again, don't give me all the details,
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ไพ‹ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใพใŸใฏๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไพ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ‹? ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใฏใ„ใ‘
08:49
but give me the general idea of the example, especially if the example was also used in
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็‰นใซไพ‹ใŒ่ชญๆ›ธใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ไพ‹ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
08:55
the reading. Okay? And then, use all of these in your little essay to show the differences.
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. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆ ใ‚’ๅฐใ•ใชใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€้•ใ„ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:01
So now you know what you're listening for. Now, the hard part is actually doing the note
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€้›ฃใ—ใ„ใฎใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใƒกใƒข
09:06
taking, the writing things down. You're going to be learning how to use codes. Now, before
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ใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
09:13
I go over some of these, it's very, very important that you understand that these are some examples
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆ
09:18
I'm giving you. You need to create your own codes that work for you. If I'm taking notes
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ใงใ™. ่‡ชๅˆ†ใซๅˆใฃใŸ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใฎใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐ
09:26
on an essay -- on the listening section, for example -- I know what all these mean. These
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ใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰
09:32
are my codes. You might not know what this means, "w/". You may have to practice a little
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ใฏ็งใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œw/ใ€ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใพใงๅฐ‘ใ—็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
09:38
while until you remember it. But make your own codes, something that you will remember
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ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:44
when it's time to use it for the listening section, the speaking section, the writing
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ
09:48
section.
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ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
09:49
So here's a little sample of codes. Some of these, you know from your texting on your
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใฎใ‚ตใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฏ ใ€ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใฎใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‹ใ‚‰็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
09:54
phone. You will never have to use LOL, OMG, BBF on the TOEFL, but good to know that they
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ใ€‚ TOEFL ใง LOLใ€OMGใ€BBF ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใใจใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
10:02
work.
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ใ€‚
10:03
I have a b; I have a 4 -- b4. I have an L; I have an 8 -- L8. Add an R -- L8R. Okay?
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็งใฏbใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ 4 -- b4 ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏLใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ 8 -- L8 ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ R -- L8R ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:12
Up -- go up, increase, raise, grow. Down -- go down, decrease, decelerate, slow down, whatever
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ไธŠใธ -- ไธŠใธใ€ไธŠใธใ€ไธŠใธใ€ไธŠใธใ€ไธŠใธใ€ไธŠใธใ€‚ ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณ -- ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ€ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ€ๆธ›้€Ÿใ€ใ‚นใƒญใƒผใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใชใฉใ€
10:21
you need. Anything that shows going down, anything that shows going up.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ‹้™ใ‚’็คบใ™ใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ€ไธŠๆ˜‡ใ‚’็คบใ™ใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
10:27
4 -- why did he go to the store? For milk -- 4 milk. Etc.
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4 -- ใชใœๅฝผใฏใใฎๅบ—ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹? ใƒŸใƒซใ‚ฏใฎๅ ดๅˆ -- 4 ใƒŸใƒซใ‚ฏใ€‚ Etc.
10:33
2 -- could be "to", "too", or "two". Although very rarely will you have to actually worry
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2 -- ใ€Œtoใ€ใ€ใ€Œtooใ€ใ€ใ€Œtwoใ€ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ”ใใพใ‚Œใซใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆ•ฐๅญ—ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
10:42
about numbers because that's details.
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ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ่ฉณ็ดฐใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:45
Times -- five X as many. So there are five times as many people in that class as this
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ๅ€ -- 5 ๅ€ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ใใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใฎ 5 ๅ€ใฎไบบใŒใ„
10:50
class. So five X people. That's it. Class A, B, 5X -- that's it.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€X ไบบ 5 ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚น Aใ€Bใ€5X -- ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:57
Minus, less. Plus, in addition. Up 2-- means maximum. Down 2 -- minimum. Approximately
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ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใ€ๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€‚ Up 2 -- ใฏ ๆœ€ๅคงใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ‹ 2 -- ๆœ€ๅฐใ€‚ ใŠใŠใ‚ˆใ
11:09
-- this is my sign. It means not equal, but close to. So approximately. Greater than -- A
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-- ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ญ‰ใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใชใใ€่ฟ‘ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใŠใŠใ‚ˆใใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใ„ -- A
11:15
is more than B. Less than. Equal. With something. Without something.
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ใฏ B ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใ„ใ€‚ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅŒ็ญ‰ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใจใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใชใ—ใงใ€‚
11:24
H2O. What is "H2O"? You dink it every day. Water. Any little code that you can use to
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H2Oใ€‚ ใ€ŒH2Oใ€ใจใฏ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฏŽๆ—ฅใใ‚Œใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฐดใ€‚
11:30
help you write things quickly and remember things quickly, especially things like this
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็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’็ด ๆ—ฉใๆ›ธใใ€็ด ๆ—ฉใ่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๅฐใ•ใชใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ ใ€็‰นใซใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎ
11:36
-- TOEFL for some reason loves science things. They love science lectures. They love science
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- ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ็†็”ฑใง TOEFL ใฏ็ง‘ๅญฆใฎใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็ง‘ๅญฆใฎ่ฌ›็พฉใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็ง‘ๅญฆ
11:42
articles. Be very comfortable with those because you're going to see a lot of them.
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่จ˜ไบ‹ใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซ้žๅธธใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
11:47
Now, the next thing we're going to look at is abbreviations, which are just as important
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใฎใฏ ็•ฅ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
11:52
as the codes. And again, something that you're going to have to practice and work on, but
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆ
11:56
I'll give you a little bit of a sample to get you started.
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ๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใพใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ตใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:59
Okay. So now we get into the area where it's really more up to you to create your own master
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ไปŠใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใ€
12:04
list and practice it and study it so on test day, you can use it and not have any problems.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ ”็ฉถใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ใชใŸๆฌก็ฌฌใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†้ ˜ๅŸŸใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ™.ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆ ๆ—ฅใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๅ•้กŒใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
12:10
We're looking at abbreviations. An "abbreviation" means taking a word and squeezing it, making
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็•ฅ่ชžใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็•ฅ่ชžใ€ใจ ใฏใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็ตžใฃใฆ็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
12:16
it shorter. So the abbreviation for abbreviation is "abbr." Okay? Abbreviation. The most important
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใฎใง็•ฅ่ชžใฎ็•ฅ็งฐ ใฏใ€Œabbrใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็•ฅ่ชžใ€‚
12:26
thing to remember is that you must remember what "abbr." means. If I see "abbr." In any
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ€Œ็•ฅ่ชžใ€ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€‚ ใ€Œabbrใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใฉใฎ
12:33
document, I will automatically understand this means "abbreviation". Some of these are
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ใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฅใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ใ€Œ็•ฅ่ชžใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่‡ชๅ‹•็š„ใซ็†่งฃใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฏ
12:37
very common. Everybody used them. Some of them, you will have to make your own, and
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้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใฎ ใ†ใกใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใงไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
12:41
I'll show you how to do that as well.
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ใ€‚ใใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚‚็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:43
So for example, you have to be careful sometimes. You have to make yourself little changes,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ™‚ใซใฏๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆ ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
12:47
like with a dot. So "inc." if I have only "inc" without a dot, I understand "increase".
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ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œๆ ชๅผไผš็คพใ€ใ€‚ ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใชใ—ใง "inc" ใ ใ‘ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€"increase" ใจ็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:55
Okay? If I see "inc." with a dot, I understand "incorporate". Okay? Same with "co" without
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๆ ชๅผไผš็คพใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใงใ€ใ€Œ็ต„ใฟ่พผใ‚€ใ€ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใชใ—ใฎใ€Œcoใ€ใจๅŒใ˜
13:05
a dot is "company"; "co." with a dot -- "corporation". Or "cor." -- depends how you want to do it.
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ใฏใ€Œไผš็คพใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ…ฑๅŒใ€ ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใงใ€Œๆณ•ไบบใ€ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ณใƒผใ€ใ€‚ -- ใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:17
Now, sometimes, you have some of them that look very similar, only one letter difference,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ ใ€1ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ—ใ‹้•ใ„
13:20
right? "App" for me means "application". "Appt" means "appointment". "Acct" means "account".
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ? ็งใซใจใฃใฆใฎใ€Œใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒชใ€ใฏใ€Œใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒชใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒApptใ€ ใฏใ€Œไบˆๅฎšใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒAcctใ€ใฏใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
13:32
"Accm" means "accommodation". "Accp" means "accompany". "Act" -- "active" or "action".
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ใ€ŒAccmใ€ใฏใ€ŒๅฎฟๆณŠๆ–ฝ่จญใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒAccpใ€ใฏใ€ŒๅŒ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒActใ€ -- ใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใ€‚
13:44
You also have the shortened version of Mr., Mrs., Miss or Ms., and Dr. Okay?
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Mr.ใ€Mrs.ใ€Miss or Ms.ใ€Dr. Okay ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:51
Sometimes, you can use the slash. Everything, nothing. Something, somewhere, anywhere, etc.
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ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€ใ‚นใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ™ในใฆใ€ ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ใฉใ“ใ‹ใ€
14:00
Whatever -- w/e. "Etc." means "and so on like that". "Ie." means "in other words", so you
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ใฉใ“ใ‹ใชใฉใ€‚ "็ญ‰ใ€‚" ใ€Œใชใฉใชใฉใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใˆใˆใ€ ใฏใ€Œใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใชใฎใง
14:08
can use another way of saying the same thing. "Eg." means "example". So if you hear, for
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ใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใง่กจใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ "ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€‚" ใ€Œไพ‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
14:14
example, in the listening, you do "eg.", and then write the example. "n.b.", nota bene,
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ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใง่žใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€Œeg.ใ€ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ ใใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œn.b.ใ€๏ผˆnota bene๏ผ‰
14:21
means "note well", means very important point. Keep that in mind. If somebody in the lecture
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ใฏใ€Œใ‚ˆใๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใช็‚นใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฟƒใซ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฌ›็พฉไธญใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ
14:25
says "n.b." or "nota bene", make sure you write down what he or she says. President,
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ใ€Œn.b.ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒใฎใŸใƒ™ใƒใ€ใ€ ๅฝผใพใŸใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ็คพ้•ทใ€
14:31
chairman, etc.
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ไผš้•ทใชใฉ
14:33
Make your own list. If you're not sure how to do it, the easiest way is take any word;
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ใ€‚็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œ ใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ไปปๆ„ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
14:39
take out all the vowels. So you have the word "responsible". How are you going to write
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ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๆŠœใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ่ฒฌไปปใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ็•ฅใ—ใฆใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆๆ›ธใใฎ
14:49
it as an abbreviation? I'll just write "rsp", responsible. But I would remember that "rsp"
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๏ผŸ ใ€Œrspใ€ใจใ ใ‘ๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€ ่ฒฌไปป่€…ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œrspใ€
14:56
means "responsible". Or if you want to just put one -- sorry. "Resp" -- "resp" sounds
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ใฏใ€Œ่ฒฌไปป่€…ใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€1 ใคใ ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ "Resp" -- "resp" ใฏ
15:03
like " responsible". Okay? So remember it that way.
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"responsible" ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:08
Another thing you can use -- another way to remember these things and take notes is using
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€้ ญๅญ—่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
15:12
acronyms. Acronyms are basically the initials of something. Each letter stands for something.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้ ญๅญ—่ชžใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใ‚คใƒ‹ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:19
B.A., Bachelor of Arts. B.Sc, I forgot to write down. "Bachelor of Science". B.Ed, Bachelor
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ๅญฆๅฃซใ€ๆ–‡ๅญฆๅฃซใ€‚ B.Scใ€ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ— ใŸใ€‚ "็†ๅญฆๅฃซ"ใ€‚ B.Ed
15:27
of Education, and so on. Master of Arts. PhD. -- doctorate or post-graduate.
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ใ€ๆ•™่‚ฒๅญฆๅฃซใชใฉใ€‚ ่Šธ่ก“ใฎใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ€‚ ๅšๅฃซๅท -- ๅšๅฃซๅทใพใŸใฏๅคงๅญฆ้™ขใ€‚
15:35
IBM -- International Business Machine, big company name. CIA -- Central Intelligent Agency,
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IBM -- International Business Machineใ€ๅคงใใช ไผš็คพๅใ€‚ CIA --
15:41
in the States. IRS -- Internal Revenue Services, part of the tax company of the government.
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็ฑณๅ›ฝใฎไธญๅคฎ็Ÿฅ็š„ๆฉŸ้–ขใ€‚ IRS -- ๅ†…ๅ›ฝๆญณๅ…ฅๅบ ใ€ๆ”ฟๅบœใฎ็จŽๅ‹™ไผš็คพใฎไธ€้ƒจใ€‚
15:48
a.m. -- morning. p.m. -- afternoon or evening. But notice here, "p.m." with dots and "PM"
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ๅˆๅ‰ -- ๆœใ€‚ ๅˆๅพŒ -- ๅˆๅพŒใพใŸใฏๅค•ๆ–นใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ŒๅˆๅพŒใ€ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ใ‚Š
15:56
without the dots or the dot is after. "p.m." -- afternoon, evening. "PM" -- "prime minister".
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ใ€ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใชใ—ใฎใ€ŒPMใ€ใพใŸใฏใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใŒๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๅˆๅพŒใ€ - ๅˆๅพŒๅค•ๆ–นใ€‚ ใ€ŒPMใ€๏ผใ€Œ้ฆ–็›ธใ€ใ€‚
16:03
Okay? So all these little things have a huge impact. But once you master how to do this
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎใ•ใ•ใ„ใชใ“ใจใฏๅคงใใช ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ—ใŸใ‚‰
16:09
-- and believe me; it takes a lot of practice. Once you know how to do this, then you can
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ใ€ไฟกใ˜ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใซใฏๅคšใใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ‚‰
16:15
go into the TOEFL test; your listening section becomes much easier, speaking section, writing
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ใ€TOEFL ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใซ้€ฒใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
16:20
section. Everything is much easier because you have the information in front of you when
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ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใจใใซๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒ็›ฎใฎๅ‰ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
16:25
it's time to answer the questions. Okay?
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
16:27
Now, we're just going to do one more thing. I'm going to show you an example. We're going
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ใงใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ
16:31
to take a complicated sentence, sort of. I'm going to reduce it to code, and you'll see
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่ค‡้›‘ใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่ฝใจใ—่พผใ‚€ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™
16:36
more or less how it's done. It's not easy, but let's look at it.
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ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ€ๅคšใ‹ใ‚Œๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
16:40
Okay. So now we're going to look at an example. Now, first of all, keep in mind you're seeing
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
16:44
this; you're not hearing it -- two very different things. But I just wanted to give you an idea
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“-2ใคใฎ้žๅธธใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซไฝ•ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ไผใˆใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ™
16:49
of what I want you to practice doing, and you can of course do that on your own. Lots
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.ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
16:54
of places to do it. I'll give you a couple examples. I'm going to redo the sentence,
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ๅ ดๆ‰€ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใใคใ‹ ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚Š็›ดใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
16:58
and then I'm going to show you how this area means the same thing. Okay? You're not necessarily
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ใ“ใฎ้ ˜ๅŸŸใŒๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚
17:05
going to have to write this much detail. You're not going to have to write down a whole sentence,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใปใฉ่ฉณ็ดฐใซ่จ˜่ฟฐใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
17:09
but just to show you how it works.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ใ ใ‘ใงใ™.
17:11
"With the advent of the information age, as well as widespread access to this information
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ใ€Œๆƒ…ๅ ฑๅŒ–ๆ™‚ไปฃใฎๅˆฐๆฅใจ
17:17
via technological advances in communication, came a new threat for civil protection agencies
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ใ€ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎๆŠ€่ก“็š„้€ฒๆญฉใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใธใฎๅบƒ็ฏ„ใชใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ๅธ‚ๆฐ‘ไฟ่ญทๆฉŸ้–ขใŒๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚€ในใๆ–ฐใŸใช่„…ๅจใŒ็”Ÿใ˜ใพใ—
17:22
to tackle.
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17:23
Now, if you're taking the TOEFL, you should know what everything means. It should be not
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ใŸใ€‚TOEFL ใ‚’ๅ—้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:28
-- "advent" means, like, think about "advance", something is progressing. "Tackle" means,
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ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใ€ใจใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้€ฒ่กŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€Œๅ‰้€ฒใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฟใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒซใ€ใจใฏใ€
17:35
basically, "fight". "Threat", something that's dangerous to you or could be harmful to you.
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏใ€Œๆˆฆใ†ใ€ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ใ€Œ่„…ๅจใ€ใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆๅฑ้™บใพใŸใฏๆœ‰ๅฎณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ .
17:42
But anything else, you really should know all these words if you're ready for the TOEFL.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€TOEFLใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
17:45
Okay?
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ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผ?
17:46
So what did I do here? The advent of information. The increase in -- or the going up, in this
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ใงใฏใ€็งใฏใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹? ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฎๅ‡บ็พ.
17:53
case "advances" -- information technology, communication. New threat for cops -- civil
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" -- ๆƒ…ๅ ฑๆŠ€่ก“ใ€ ้€šไฟกใ€‚่ญฆๅฏŸใซใจใฃใฆใฎๆ–ฐใŸใช่„…ๅจ -- ๅธ‚ๆฐ‘
18:01
protection agencies, what are they? They're cops, police. Cops to fight.
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ไฟ่ญทๆฉŸ้–ขใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ญฆๅฎ˜ใ€่ญฆๅฏŸใงใ™ใ€‚ๆˆฆใ†ใฎใฏ่ญฆๅฎ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:07
Everything here in a short little thing like this, this takes you ten seconds to write.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ™ในใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็Ÿญใ„ๅฐใ•ใชใ‚‚ใฎใง ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใใฎใซ 10 ็ง’ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ .
18:12
Meanwhile, you can continue listening and go on to other things. Okay?
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ใใฎ้–“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่žใ็ถšใ‘ใฆใ€ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
18:16
Now, again, I will say this a thousand times if I have to. You need to practice this. This
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ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆๅƒๅ›žใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
18:23
is not easy to do quickly. You need to do this and continue listening at the same time.
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ใ‚’ใ™ใฐใ‚„ใ่กŒใ†ใฎใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ๅŒๆ™‚ใซ่žใ็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:30
In the speaking and writing sections especially, you're listening for specific things that
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็‰นใซใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใจใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใฏใ€
18:34
may play into the question that's coming. Right? You can practice all these. Now, if
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บ้กŒใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹็‰นๅฎšใฎไบ‹ๆŸ„ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ทตใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
18:41
you know www.ted.com, it's a good website. There are lots of lectures. CNN also. You
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www.ted.com ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ่ฌ›ๆผ”ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ CNNใ‚‚ใ€‚
18:47
can go get listening sections -- you can listen to news or you can listen to lectures, but
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ฌ›็พฉใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใงใใพใ™ใŒ
18:51
they also have transcripts, okay? So you can practice your note taking skills, listen two,
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ใ€ใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒ—ใƒˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใ€2
18:56
three, four times -- as many times as you need. Take notes. Then, look at the transcripts
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ๅ›žใ€3 ๅ›žใ€4 ๅ›žใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒกใƒขใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒ—ใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€
19:01
and compare your notes to the transcripts. How close do you come? And believe me; the
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ใƒกใƒขใ‚’ใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒ—ใƒˆใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„่ฟ‘ใใซๆฅใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไป–ใฎ
19:06
more you do it, the better you'll get at it, just like anything else. It's a skill at the
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ใ“ใจใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚„ใ‚Œใฐใ‚„ใ‚‹ใปใฉไธŠๆ‰‹ใซใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
19:10
end of the day. And it's a very important skill if you want to succeed on the TOEFL
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ใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใฎใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€TOEFL ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงๆˆๅŠŸใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใช ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใงใ™
19:14
test. Okay?
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
19:16
Now, if you go to www.engvid.com, I'll give you a few more examples like this. I'll give
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ใ•ใฆใ€www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไพ‹ใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
19:20
you some sentences like this, and you'll try to match them to the correct long sentence
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ„้•ทใ„ๆ–‡ใจไธ€่‡ดใ•ใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใ€
19:26
and vice versa. So go to www.engvid.com for extra practice and questions. Also, check
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้€†ใ‚‚ใพใŸๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใจ่ณชๅ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€
19:31
out my new site, www.WriteToTop.com and subscribe to my channel on YouTube. And I'll see you
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็งใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.WriteToTop.com ใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ€ YouTube ใฎ็งใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ™ใใซใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
19:37
again soon. Thanks.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚

Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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