10 HOLD Phrasal Verbs: hold up, hold to, hold out...

634,890 views ใƒป 2014-07-23

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
Hi again. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. Today's lesson is, again, one of
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ใพใŸไผšใฃใŸใญใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒ€ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚‚ใพใŸใ€
00:08
your favourites, phrasal verbs; everybody's favourites because they're so much fun and
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใใฆใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใฎใงใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใงใ™
00:11
easy to understand. Today we're going to look at phrasal verbs with "hold". Okay? We have
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ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ใ€Œholdใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:17
10 of them. And again, what is a phrasal verb? Just to review. It is a verb, in this case:
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10ๅ€‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:23
"hold", plus a preposition, when put together, have completely different meanings than the
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"hold" ใจๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชž่‡ชไฝ“ใจใฏใพใฃใŸใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใชใ‚Š
00:29
two words by themselves. So, let's start.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:33
We have: "hold on". Now, many of you might hear this one when you call somebody on the
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ใ€Œๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅคšใใฏ ใ€้›ป่ฉฑใง่ชฐใ‹ใซ
00:38
phone and you say: -"Hi, may I speak with Joe?" -"Oh, yeah, I'll get him. Hold on."
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้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่žใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ -ใ€Œใˆใˆใ€็งใฏๅฝผใ‚’ๆ•ใพใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ๅพ…ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
00:43
What does "hold on" mean? Means wait. "Hold on" also means grab. So if you're on the bus
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ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€ใฃใฆใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ๏ผŸ ๅพ…ใคใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒHold onใ€ใฏใคใ‹ใ‚€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„
00:49
and you see like it's a bit shaky, you hold on to the bar so you don't fall. "Hold on",
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ใฆใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆบใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ่ปขใฐใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใƒใƒผใซใ—ใŒใฟใคใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€ใ€
00:55
wait; "hold on", grab.
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ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€‚ ใ€Œๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€ใ€ใคใ‹ใ‚€ใ€‚
00:58
Next, we have: "hold off". Now, "hold off" can also mean wait. But whereas "hold on"
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œใƒ›ใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œไฟ็•™ใ€ ใฏๅพ…ใคใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€"hold on"
01:06
means I'm telling you to wait, usually "hold off" means you're waiting for something else
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ใฏ็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๅพ…ใคใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€้€šๅธธ "hold off" ใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
01:12
to finish. Right? So I will hold off giving you the quiz until I finish explaining everything.
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ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ่ชฌๆ˜ŽใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใพใงใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏๅทฎใ—ๆŽงใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
01:19
It's a little bit like postpone as well. It can also means... It could also mean - sorry
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ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅปถๆœŸใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ ใฏใพใŸๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™... ใใ‚ŒใฏใพใŸใ€-็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“-้…ๅปถใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
01:25
- delay. So, we will hold off the election until everybody has a chance to find out who
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใŒ่ชฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๆฉŸไผšใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใพใงใ€้ธๆŒ™ใ‚’ๅปถๆœŸใ—ใพใ™
01:32
the candidates are. Okay? So we will hold off, we will postpone it or delay it.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใฎ ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅปถๆœŸใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๅปถๆœŸใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€้…ใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:38
"Hold up". "Hold up" also means delay, to delay something. So the party was held up
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"ๆŒ็ถšใ™ใ‚‹"ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒ›ใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’้…ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ้…ๅปถใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๆ‚ชๅคฉๅ€™ใฎ
01:47
because not enough people came because of the bad weather. Okay? Or the concert was
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ใŸใ‚ใซๅๅˆ†ใชไบบใŒๆฅใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฏๆŒใกใ“ใŸใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใพใŸใฏ
01:53
held up because the singer was a little bit sick, couldn't make it on to the stage for
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ใ€ๆญŒๆ‰‹ใŒๅฐ‘ใ— ็—…ๆฐ—ใงใ€ใชใ‚“ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ็†็”ฑใงใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ธใซไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ตใƒผใƒˆใŒๅปถๆœŸใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ
02:00
whatever reason. A completely different meaning of "hold up" is: "Stick 'em up. This is a
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ใ€‚ "hold up" ใฎใพใฃใŸใๅˆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏใ€"Stick 'em up. This is a
02:06
hold up." A robbery. Okay? But what you have to remember is this could also be a noun,
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hold up" ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅผท็›—็Šฏใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใ€ใคใพใ‚Šไธ€่ชžๅ่ฉžใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ
02:13
a one-word noun. In that case, it's a robbery. The bank robbers walked into the bank and
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅผท็›—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้Š€่กŒๅผท็›—ใฏ้Š€่กŒใซ่ถณ
02:21
held up the tellers to get their money.
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ใ‚’่ธใฟๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ€็ช“ๅฃไฟ‚ใ‚’ใคใ‹ใ‚“ใงใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:25
"Hold out". "Hold out" also means wait, but in a very different context. If you're holding
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"ๅทฎใ—ๅ‡บใ™"ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒ›ใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ€ใ‚‚ๅพ…ๆฉŸใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๆ–‡่„ˆใŒๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:32
out for something better, it means you're waiting for a better offer, or a better situation,
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„็Šถๆณใ€
02:38
or anything better to come along. So, for example: in sports, you will hear this word
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ใพใŸใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™. ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™
02:43
often. A professional hockey player is coming to the end of his... coming to the end of
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ใ€‚ ใƒ—ใƒญใฎใƒ›ใƒƒใ‚ฑใƒผ้ธๆ‰‹ใฏ ๅฝผใฎๅฅ‘็ด„ใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซ่ฟ‘ใฅใ„ใฆใ„
02:50
his contract. The team wants to sign him to a new contract, but he's not. He's not signing.
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ใพใ™. ใƒใƒผใƒ ใฏๅฝผใซๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅฅ‘็ด„ใ‚’็ตใณใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฝผใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ็ฝฒๅใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:56
Why? He wants more money. They say: "Okay. We're not going to give you more money". He'll
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ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ ๅฝผใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจใŠ้‡‘ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ“ใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ
03:01
say: "Okay, I'll wait". So he is holding out for a better offer. This could also be a noun,
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่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€็งใฏๅพ…ใกใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚ ใใฎ ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉž
03:09
a "holdout". We would say the person is a holdout for a better contract.
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ใ€ใ€Œใƒ›ใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎไบบ ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ๅฅ‘็ด„ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
03:16
"Hold over". "Hold over" also means to delay. The exhibition was held over until next week
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ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€ใ€‚ ใ€ŒHold overใ€ใฏ้…ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฑ•็คบไผš
03:23
because of technical difficulties. The lights weren't working or there was a problem with
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ใฏๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใชๅ•้กŒใงๆฅ้€ฑใพใงๆŒใก่ถŠใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ. ็…งๆ˜Ž ใŒใคใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€้›ปๆฐ—ใซๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—
03:29
the electricity, so the exhibition was held over to the next week.
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ใฆใ€ ๅฑ•็คบไผšใฏ็ฟŒ้€ฑใซๆŒใก่ถŠใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:35
"Hold against". Also, two meanings. I can hold the pen against my chest. I could hold
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ใ€Œๆˆ‘ๆ…ขใ€ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ไบŒใคใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€‚ ใƒšใƒณใ‚’่ƒธใซๅฝ“ใฆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:42
the baby against my heart, for example. But "hold against" - completely different meaning
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ‚’ๅฟƒ่‡“ใซๆŠผใ—ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ€Œhold againstใ€ใจใฏใพใฃใŸใๅˆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใง
03:49
- means to have a grudge. Now, I'm not sure if you guys know what "grudge" means. A grudge
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ใ€ๆจใฟใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใŒใ€Œๆจใฟใ€ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆจใฟใจ
03:59
means when you... When somebody did something bad to you and you just can't forgive them.
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ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒโ€ฆ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใซไฝ•ใ‹ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจใใ€ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’่จฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใจใ.
04:05
You will always remember that bad thing they did and you will always hold it against them.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ—ใŸๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆ ใ„ใฆใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟๆŒใ—ใพใ™.
04:11
Every time they want to speak to you, you're... In the back of your mind is that bad thing
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใจ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใŸใณใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ... ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฟƒใฎๅฅฅๅบ•ใซใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ—ใŸๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
04:15
they did. You're always remembering; you're never forgetting, you're never forgiving.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๆฑบใ—ใฆๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใšใ€ๆฑบใ—ใฆ่จฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:20
So you hold it against them all the time. They want to help you, you don't trust them.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟๆŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฟก้ ผใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:25
You hold it against them that they did something bad to you in the past.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ้ŽๅŽปใซใ‚ใชใŸใซไฝ•ใ‹ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๅๅฏพใ— ใพใ™.
04:30
"Hold onto", again two meanings. Similar to "hold on", hold on to something, "hold onto"
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ใ€ŒๆŠฑใใ—ใ‚ใฆใ€ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚2ใคใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€‚ ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ† ใซใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใคใ‹ใ‚“ใงใ€ใ€Œใคใ‹ใพใฃใฆ
04:38
your seats, we're going to go very fast. So when you go to a movie, for example, say:
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ใ€ๅธญใซ็€ใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚้žๅธธใซ้€Ÿใ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใซ่กŒใใจใใฏใ€
04:42
"Hold onto your seats, this is going to be an exciting ride", or an exciting movie, or
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ใ€Œๅธญใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚จใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใชไน—ใ‚Š็‰ฉใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚จใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใชๆ˜ ็”ปใชใฉใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
04:46
whatever. "Hold onto" also means keep. Hold onto your job, basically. Don't lose your
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ใ€‚ ใ€ŒHold onใ€ใซใฏใ€ไฟๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:54
job; hold onto it. Hold onto your friends. Never lose your friends; not a good idea.
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ใชใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟๆŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹้”ใ‚’ใคใ‹ใพใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅ‹้”ใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„่€ƒใˆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:01
"Hold back". "Hold back" is to restrain someone. It means keep them back from going forward
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ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๆŠ‘ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใฏไบบใ‚’ๆŠ‘ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅ‰ใซ้€ฒใพใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€
05:12
or to hold back somebody who's very angry, for example. Somebody made me very angry,
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ใพใŸใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚’ๅผ•ใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็งใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ€’ใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€
05:18
I want to go fight... I'm not a very violent person, but, you know, it happens. I'm about
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็งใฏๆˆฆใ„ใซ่กŒใใŸใ„ใงใ™... ็งใฏใใ‚ŒใปใฉๆšดๅŠ›็š„ใชไบบใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใใ†ใงใ™.
05:22
to go fight, but then all my friends hold me back and don't let me go forward to do
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ๆˆฆใ„ใซ่กŒใ“ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€ๅ‹้”ๅ…จๅ“กใŒ็งใ‚’ๅผ•ใๆญขใ‚ ใฆใ€ๅ‰ใซ้€ฒใพใ›ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›
05:25
anything. "Hold back" is... Another way to think of it is in school. If a... If a child
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๆŽงใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏใƒปใƒปใƒป ใ‚‚ใ†ใฒใจใคใฎ ่€ƒใˆๆ–นใฏๅญฆๆ กใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—โ€ฆ ๅญไพ›
05:32
or a student does very badly, the school will hold him or her back for a year; they will
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ใ‚„็”Ÿๅพ’ใฎๆˆ็ธพใŒ้žๅธธใซๆ‚ชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅญฆๆ กใฏใใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ ใ‚’ 1 ๅนด้–“ๅผ•ใ็•™ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰
05:38
have to do the year over again. They've been held back.
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ใฏใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ‚„ใ‚Š็›ดใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅผ•ใๆญขใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:42
"Hold down". "Hold down" is like, for... Like, for example, physically hold something down.
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ใ€ŒๆŠผใ•ใˆใฆใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒ›ใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ€ใฏ ใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็‰ฉ็†็š„ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŠผใ—็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
05:48
Like if I want to fight and I'm on the ground, my friends will hold me down; they won't let
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ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€็งใŒๆˆฆใ„ใŸใใฆๅœฐ้ขใซ ๅ€’ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‹้”ใŒ็งใ‚’ๆŠผใ•ใˆใคใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
05:51
me stand back up to fight. "Hold down" also, when you're talking about food. Okay? So,
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็งใŒ็ซ‹ใกไธŠใŒใฃใฆๆˆฆใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่จฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œ้•ทๆŠผใ—ใ€ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
05:58
I ate a lot of pizza and then got on a rollercoaster, like going up and down, and I just couldn't
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ใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“้ฃŸในใฆใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใซ ไน—ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ไธŠใ‚Šไธ‹ใ‚Šใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’ๆŠ‘ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
06:03
hold down my food; it all came up and out. I couldn't hold it down. We also say "hold
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆๅ‡บใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŠ‘ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไป•ไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ŒๆŠ‘ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„
06:10
down" about a job. A person who can hold down a job will have a successful life because
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไบบ
06:17
he or she has money. So hold down a job means keep a job, be able to keep a job.
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ใฏใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ไบบ็”ŸใŒใ†ใพใใ„ใใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไป•ไบ‹ ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:23
And last one: "hold to". Now, this is a little bit particular situations. Right? I'm going
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ1ใคใฏใ€Œใƒ›ใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅฐ‘ใ—็‰นๆฎŠใช็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
06:30
to hold you to your promise, means I'm going to make you keep your promise. So, you say:
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I'm going to hold you to your promise, ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใซ็ด„ๆŸใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผš
06:37
"Okay, I can't talk to you right now, but let's meet next week for a coffee". Say: "Okay,
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ไปŠใฏใ‚ใชใŸใจ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ๆฅ้€ฑใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€. ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™: ใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€
06:40
I'm going to hold you to that". It means: next week I'm going to call you and you're
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใใ‚ŒใพใงไฟๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€. ๆ„ๅ‘ณ๏ผš ๆฅ้€ฑ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
06:44
going to meet me for a coffee. Okay?
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใซ็งใซไผšใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:47
So there you go again. "Hold" with 10 different prepositions. Lots of different meanings and
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ใงใฏใ€ใพใŸใฉใ†ใžใ€‚ 10ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ€Œใƒ›ใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใ€. ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚‚่‰ฒใ€…
06:53
uses. But again, you need to practice this. Go to www.engvid.com. There's a quiz there
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:58
you can practice these phrasal verbs with. And come visit us again soon. Bye.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใพใŸใ™ใใซ้Šใณใซๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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