War & Military Vocabulary: Understand the news

452,193 views ใƒป 2014-12-23

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi again. I'm Adam. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. Today's lesson is a little bit unfortunate.
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ใพใŸไผšใฃใŸใญใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒ€ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใงใ™ใ€‚
00:07
We're going to talk about the military, and I'm going to give you some vocabulary to talk
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่ป้šŠใซใคใ„ใฆ
00:11
about military and war, armies, etc. Now, the reason we're doing this is because we
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่ฉฑใ—ใ€่ป้šŠใ‚„ๆˆฆไบ‰ใ€่ป้šŠใชใฉ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:18
actually had a few requests for this type of lesson because if you open the newspaper
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ๆ–ฐ่žใ‚’้–‹ใ„
00:23
today or turn on the TV or the Internet, everything -- everywhere you look at, it's war. Right?
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚„ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใฎ้›ปๆบใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒใ€ ใฉใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ‚‚ๆˆฆไบ‰ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
00:29
The world is a little bit chaotic right now. It's just chaos everywhere. "Chaos" -- big
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ไปŠใ€ไธ–็•Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททๆฒŒใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใฉใ“ใ‚‚ใ‹ใ—ใ“ใ‚‚ๆททๆฒŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ซใ‚ชใ‚นใ€ -- ๅคง
00:36
mess, big trouble. So it's better that you understand what it is you're looking at, what
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ๆททไนฑใ€ๅคงๅ•้กŒใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ
00:42
it is you're hearing, what it is you're reading, what it is you're talking about. We're going
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ใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ่ป้šŠ
00:46
to look at a few things just to get you a basic understanding of the military. I'm going
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ใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช็†่งฃใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:52
to take the American military as an example because they're the biggest, and of course,
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ไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆ็ฑณ่ปใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆœ€ๅคงใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
00:57
they're the most active military right now. The military has four branches -- four parts
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็พๅœจๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆดป็™บใช่ปใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ป้šŠใซใฏ 4 ใคใฎๆ”ฏ้ƒจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚่ป้šŠใซใฏ 4 ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†
01:03
to the military. There's the Army, the Marine Corps -- we don't want to say the P or the
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ้™ธ่ปใ€ๆตทๅ…ต้šŠใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚P ใ‚„ Sใ€ใ€Œๆตทๅ…ต้šŠใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
01:09
S, "Marine corps" -- Navy, Air Force. Army -- these are basically the ground soldiers.
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ใ€‚ๆตท่ปใ€็ฉบ่ปใงใ™ใ€‚ ้™ธ่ป - ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๅœฐไธŠใฎๅ…ตๅฃซใงใ™ใ€‚
01:16
They have the tanks, the big, heavy machine guns, the big anti-tank missiles, all that
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆˆฆ่ปŠใ€ๅคงๅž‹ใฎ้‡ๆฉŸ้–ข ้Šƒใ€ๅคงๅž‹ใฎๅฏพๆˆฆ่ปŠใƒŸใ‚ตใ‚คใƒซใชใฉใ‚’ๆŒใฃ
01:21
stuff. These are the ones that go in and do the land things. They set up the whole -- they
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ๅ…ฅใฃใฆ ๅœŸๅœฐใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’
01:27
set up the war, basically. They set up the bases.
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่จญๅฎšใ—ใพใ—ใŸ-ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆˆฆไบ‰ใ‚’่จญๅฎšใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅŸบๅœฐใ‚’่จญ็ฝฎใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:29
The Marine Corps, these are the fighting soldiers. Marine from water -- they come in with the
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ๆตทๅ…ต้šŠใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใŒๆˆฆ้—˜ๅ“กใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฐดใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎๆตทๅ…ต้šŠ - ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆตท่ปใจๅ…ฑใซใ‚„ใฃใฆใ
01:37
navy. The navy ships them in. They come in, and they go do all the fighting, the deep
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆตท่ปใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’่ˆนใง้€ใ‚Š่พผใฟใพใ™
01:42
fighting. Okay? These are very tough guys. The Navy -- the Navy has the ships, the submarines.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้žๅธธใซใ‚ฟใƒ•ใชไบบใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆตท่ป -- ๆตท่ปใซใฏ่ˆนใ€ๆฝœๆฐด่‰ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:49
They also have jets. They have Navy pilots because they have those huge aircraft carriers
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒƒใƒˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใ‚’้‹ใถ ๅทจๅคงใช็ฉบๆฏใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆตท่ปใฎใƒ‘ใ‚คใƒญใƒƒใƒˆใŒใ„ใพใ™
01:55
that carry the planes. The plane can take off in the middle of the sea. And of course,
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ใ€‚ ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸ ใฏๆตทใฎ็œŸใ‚“ไธญใง้›ข้™ธใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
02:00
the Air Force. The Air Force has the jets, the pilots, and all of that stuff.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“็ฉบ่ปใ€‚ ็ฉบ่ปใซใฏ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒƒใƒˆๆฉŸใ€ใƒ‘ใ‚คใƒญใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใใฎไป–ใ™ในใฆใŒๆƒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:06
So these are the branches. Now, if you want to know the ranks, this is the level of the
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒๆžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆ ใ€้šŽ็ดšใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
02:12
people in the armies. We have officers, and then, we have the unlisted personnel. The
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่ป้šŠใฎไบบใ€…ใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใงใ™. ็งใŸใกใซใฏๅฐ†ๆ กใŒใ„ใฆใ€ ๆฌกใซใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใซ่ผ‰ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ไบบๅ“กใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฐ†ๆ ก
02:18
officers -- the top is the General in the Army and in the Marine corps. In the navy,
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ใจใฏใ€้™ธ่ปใจๆตทๅ…ต้šŠใงใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใŒๅฐ†่ปใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆตท่ป
02:25
they have an admiral. Then, you have a colonel. Although this is an L, it sounds like an R
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ใซใฏๆ็ฃใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ๅคงไฝใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ L ใงใ™ใŒใ€R ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™
02:32
-- "ker-nel", like popcorn kernel. You have a major; you have a captain; you have a lieutenant.
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-- ใ€Œker-nelใ€ใ€ใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ณใƒผใƒณ ใ‚ซใƒผใƒใƒซใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฐ‚ๆ”ปใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏ่ˆน้•ทใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏไธญๅฐ‰ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:39
Now, between these levels, there are all kinds of different ranks. You have a second colonel,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ้–“ใซใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กž ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅคงไฝ
02:46
a second lieutenant, etc. then, you have the lower ranks. You have sergeant; you have corporal;
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ใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไธญๅฐ‰ใชใฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏ่ปๆ›นใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไผ้•ทใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:53
and you have private. "Private" is the absolute lowest you can go. I'm going to use a red
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ™ใƒผใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ™ใƒผใƒˆใ€ใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹็ตถๅฏพ็š„ใชๆœ€ไฝŽใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใฏ่ตคใƒšใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™
02:58
pen from now. Okay. Now, if you want to know what the insignia
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใฆ ใ€่จ˜็ซ ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹
03:08
-- if you want to know what the stripes or the
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ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใคใพใ‚Š่ข– ใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใƒ—ใ‚„
03:10
shapes on their sleeves are -- or the stars and the bars -- you can look that up online.
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ๅฝข็Šถใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ˜Ÿ ใจใƒใƒผใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใง่ชฟในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
03:16
Just look for "insignia", "military insignia".
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ใ€Œ่จ˜็ซ ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ่ปไบ‹่จ˜็ซ ใ€ใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:19
Now, when we talk about soldiers, also -- you're going to see there are a lot of acronyms.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ…ตๅฃซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ‚‚ ใ€้ ญๅญ—่ชžใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:25
An "acronym" is the first initial of a word. When you have a few words, you take the first
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ใ€Œ้ ญๅญ—่ชžใ€ใฏๅ˜่ชžใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚คใƒ‹ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ
03:31
letter of each and put them together. "POW" -- "prisoner of war". So if I'm a soldier
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒPOWใ€ใƒปใƒปใƒป ใ€Œๆ•่™œใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒๅ…ตๅฃซ
03:39
and my enemy catches me and holds me as a hostage, I'm a POW.
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ใงใ€ๆ•ตใŒ็งใ‚’ๆ•ใ‚‰ใˆ ใ€ไบบ่ณชใซๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏๆ•่™œใงใ™ใ€‚
03:46
"KIA" means "killed in action". So if I go fighting and I'm killed, that's what the military
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ใ€ŒKIAใ€ใฏใ€Œๆˆฆๆญปใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒ ๆˆฆใ„ใซ่กŒใฃใฆๆฎบใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€่ป
03:54
lists me as, "KIA". "MIA" -- "missing in action". So the army can't find me. They don't know
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ใฏ็งใ‚’ใ€ŒKIAใ€ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒMIAใ€ -- ใ€Œ่กŒๆ–นไธๆ˜Žใ€ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰่ป้šŠใฏ็งใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
04:01
if I'm alive or dead. So I'm just missing in action. Okay.
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็งใŒ็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ๆญปใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็ง ใฏ่กŒๅ‹•ใซๆฌ ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:06
When we talk about war, when we talk about armies, we have to talk about weapons, also
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ๆˆฆไบ‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ ่ป้šŠใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ใ€Œๆญฆๅ™จใ€ใจใ‚‚ๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆญฆๅ™จใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
04:11
called "arms". Okay? Like "arms", except it's an extension of your arm. The gun is an extension
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ่…•ใ€ใซไผผใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใŒใ€่…•ใฎๅปถ้•ทใงใ™ใ€‚ ้Šƒ
04:17
of your arm. So "RPG" -- "rocket-propelled grenade". So a "grenade", as we have here
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ใฏ่…•ใฎๅปถ้•ทใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ŒRPGใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Œใƒญใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆๆŽจ้€ฒ ๆ‰‹ๆฆดๅผพใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œๆ‰‹ๆฆดๅผพใ€
04:26
-- is like a mini bomb. You put it into the gun; you shoot it; it goes, explodes; and
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ใฏใ€ๅฐๅž‹็ˆ†ๅผพใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’้Šƒใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ’ƒใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่กŒใใ€็ˆ†็™บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
04:33
you have shrapnel. "Shrapnel" are little pieces of metal. So when the grenade explodes, all
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฆดๆ•ฃๅผพใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆฆดๆ•ฃๅผพใ€ใฏ ้‡‘ๅฑžใฎๅฐใ•ใช็ ด็‰‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ฐใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒ‰ใŒ็ˆ†็™บใ™ใ‚‹ใจ
04:38
the little pieces of metal go flying everywhere and kill and destroy.
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ใ€ๅฐใ•ใช้‡‘ๅฑž็‰‡ใŒใ™ในใฆ ้ฃ›ใณๆ•ฃใ‚Šใ€ๆฎบใ—ใฆ็ ดๅฃŠใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:43
Then, we have "IED". So non-regulated armies -- when you have fighters who are not in a
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€ŒIEDใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ฆๅˆถใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„่ป้šŠ -
04:50
regular army but are still fighting, they don't have the money or the know-how, necessarily,
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้€šๅธธใฎ่ป้šŠใซๆ‰€ๅฑžใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใŒใ€ใพใ ๆˆฆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆˆฆ้—˜ๆฉŸใŒใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ๅฟ…็„ถ็š„ใซใ€
04:55
to build all these fancy weapons. So they make "improvised explosive devices". They
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๆดพๆ‰‹ใชๆญฆๅ™จใ‚’ๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚„ใƒŽใ‚ฆใƒใ‚ฆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“. ใใ‚Œใงๅฝผใ‚‰ ใฏใ€Œๅณๅธญ็ˆ†็™บ่ฃ…็ฝฎใ€ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:02
take whatever they can find -- some fuel, some pieces of metal, a pipe, put it together,
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็‡ƒๆ–™ ใ€้‡‘ๅฑž็‰‡ใ€ใƒ‘ใ‚คใƒ—ใชใฉใ€่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ€
05:08
put it on the side of the road, and when the enemy comes, it explodes.
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็ต„ใฟ็ซ‹ใฆใฆ้“่ทฏ่„‡ใซ็ฝฎใ ใ€ๆ•ตใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใจ็ˆ†็™บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:14
Now, again, you're going to hear -- you're going to read newspapers. You're going to
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่žใใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† - ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ–ฐ่žใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†ใ€‚
05:16
hear all these words. You're going to hear "rocket", "missile", and "mortar". And you're
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒญใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใƒŸใ‚ตใ‚คใƒซใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่ฟซๆ’ƒ็ ฒใ€ใŒ่žใ“ใˆใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
05:20
going to wonder what's the difference. So I'll tell you. A "rocket" is, basically, something
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ไฝ•ใŒ้•ใ†ใฎใ ใ‚ใ†ใจๆ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒญใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ
05:25
that is shot from a launcher. So "launch" is a good word. "Launch" means send out or
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ใƒฉใƒณใƒใƒฃใƒผใ‹ใ‚‰็™บๅฐ„ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œๆ‰“ใกไธŠใ’ใ€ ใฏใ„ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็™บๅฐ„ใ€ใจใฏใ€้€ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ™ใ€็™บๅฐ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
05:34
shoot. A rocket is launched. A rocket has its own fuel. So once you shoot it, then,
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒญใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใŒ็™บๅฐ„ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒญใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใซใฏ ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎ็‡ƒๆ–™ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Š
05:41
the rocket starts using its fuel, and it flies further. It can go 50, 100, 150, 200 kilometers.
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ใ€ใƒญใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’็™บๅฐ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใƒญใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใฏ็‡ƒๆ–™ใ‚’ๆถˆ่ฒปใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้ ใใพใง้ฃ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ 50ใ€100ใ€150ใ€200 ใ‚ญใƒญใ‚‚่ตฐใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:49
The thing about a rocket is that it is "aimed". You know generally where you want to go. You
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ใƒญใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใฎ็‰นๅพดใฏใ€Œ็‹™ใ„ใ‚’ๅฎšใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ“ใซ่กŒใใŸใ„ใ‹ใฏใ ใ„ใŸใ„ๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:56
aim it, shoot it, and hope it gets there. A "missile", on the other hand, is "guided".
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็‹™ใ„ใ‚’ๅฎšใ‚ใ€ๆ’ƒใกใ€ใใ“ใซๅˆฐ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ใ€ŒใƒŸใ‚ตใ‚คใƒซใ€ใฏใ€Œ่ช˜ๅฐŽใ€ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
06:05
So a missile is like a rocket, but it's bigger; it has more fuel; it can fly much further.
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ใƒŸใ‚ตใ‚คใƒซใฏใƒญใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ็‡ƒๆ–™ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ้ ใใซ้ฃ›ใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅœฐ็ƒใ‚’ๅŠๅ‘จใงใใ‚‹
06:12
There's something called a "ballistic missile", which can fly halfway around the world. These
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ใ€Œๅผพ้“ใƒŸใ‚ตใ‚คใƒซใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰
06:18
are huge missiles. And they're guided. Is means there are computer chips inside, and
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ใฏๅทจๅคงใชใƒŸใ‚ตใ‚คใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฐŽใ‹ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ†…้ƒจใซใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
06:24
somebody back at the base, the army base, can sit there on the computer and tell the
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ใ€ๅŸบๅœฐใ€้™ธ่ปๅŸบๅœฐใซใ„ใ‚‹่ชฐใ‹ ใŒใใ“ใซๅบงใฃใฆใ€
06:28
missile where to go, and it hits exactly where you want it to. So that's the difference between
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ใƒŸใ‚ตใ‚คใƒซใซใฉใ“ใซ่กŒใในใใ‹ใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ ใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ
06:32
"rocket" and "missile".
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ใ€Œใƒญใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใจใ€ŒใƒŸใ‚ตใ‚คใƒซใ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:33
A "mortar" is also just aimed. But a mortar is like a big bullet. It's like -- however
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ใ€Œ่ฟซๆ’ƒ็ ฒใ€ใ‚‚็‹™ใ„้€šใ‚Šใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ฟซๆ’ƒ็ ฒ ใฏๅคงใใชๅผพไธธใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ‚“ใชใซ
06:42
big it is, you drop it into its launcher; it pops the fuel or gunpowder -- whatever.
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ๅคงใใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใƒฉใƒณใƒใƒฃใƒผใซใƒ‰ใƒญใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็‡ƒๆ–™ใ‚„็ซ่–ฌใ‚’็ ด่ฃ‚ใ•ใ›ใพใ™-ไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
06:48
And it just flies. It's lobbed. It means it just -- and again, you hope it lands where
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ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‚้ฃ›ใถใ ใ‘ใ€‚ ใƒญใƒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ - ใใ—ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ
06:57
you want it to land. Of course, bullet is in the gun.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็€้™ธใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ็€้™ธใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅผพไธธใฏ้Šƒใฎไธญใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:02
Then, you have a lot of anti stuff. "Anti-tank missile", "anti-aircraft missile". So basically,
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ‚ขใƒณใƒใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฏพๆˆฆ่ปŠ ใƒŸใ‚ตใ‚คใƒซใ€ใ€Œๅฏพ็ฉบใƒŸใ‚ตใ‚คใƒซใ€ใ€‚ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€
07:09
whatever it is you want to destroy, you have a missile and a launcher for that.
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็ ดๅฃŠใ—ใŸใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œ ใ€ใใฎใŸใ‚ใฎใƒŸใ‚ตใ‚คใƒซใจใƒฉใƒณใƒใƒฃใƒผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:14
"Grenade", we spoke about.
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ใ€Œๆ‰‹ๆฆดๅผพใ€ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:15
Then, there's "sanctions". Now, "sanctions" are not a physical weapon. Sanctions are what
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ๆฌกใซใ€Œๅˆถ่ฃใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅˆถ่ฃใ€ ใฏ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชๆญฆๅ™จใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅˆถ่ฃใจใฏ
07:22
a government can do to another government to hurt it. Okay? So for example, if you go
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ใ€ๆ”ฟๅบœใŒๅˆฅใฎๆ”ฟๅบœใ‚’ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใŸใจใˆใฐ
07:27
to the U.N.'s Security Council and you say, "These people are behaving bad. We want to
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ใ€ๅ›ฝ้€ฃใฎๅฎ‰ๅ…จไฟ้šœ็†ไบ‹ไผšใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไบบใ€…ใฏ่กŒๅ„€ใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใ€‚็งใŸใกใฏ
07:32
stop all their banks from making trades. We want to not allow them to export their oil
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ้Š€่กŒใŒๅ–ๅผ•ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใฎใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ ใŸใ„ใ€‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็Ÿณๆฒนใ‚„ใ‚ฌใ‚นใ‚’่ผธๅ‡บใ—
07:38
or their gas or their fruit or their -- whatever they have." So "sanctions" are restrictions.
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๆžœ็‰ฉใ‚„ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ - ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ€‚ใ€ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œๅˆถ่ฃใ€ใฏๅˆถ้™ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:45
And this is an economic weapon. It's not a physical weapon. You can't see it. You can't
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ตŒๆธˆ็š„ใชๆญฆๅ™จใงใ™ใ€‚ ็‰ฉ็†ๅ…ตๅ™จใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใซ่งฆใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“
07:50
touch it. But it could be very devastating. It could do a lot of damage.
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฃŠๆป…็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅคšใใฎๆๅฎณใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:55
So now, I have a few more random vocabulary words for you. Again you're going to hear
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒฉใƒณใƒ€ใƒ ใช่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™. ใพใŸ
08:00
a lot about these in the news. A "ceasefire" basically means "cease fire", "stop shooting".
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ใ€ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œceasefireใ€ใจใฏใ€ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€Œๅœๆˆฆใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฐ„ๆ’ƒใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
08:08
So a "ceasefire" means everybody just stops shooting. Just relax. Wait a second. A "truce"
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œๅœๆˆฆใ€ใจใฏใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒๅฐ„ๆ’ƒใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไธ€็žฌๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€‚ ใ€Œๅœๆˆฆใ€ใจ
08:13
means a long ceasefire. It means you stop shooting for a long time, and maybe you're
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ใฏใ€้•ทๆœŸใฎๅœๆˆฆใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้•ทใ„้–“ๆ’ฎๅฝฑใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใ€
08:18
going to start talking. Then, if you make an agreement, you sign a treaty. A "treaty"
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่ฉฑใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ๅ”ๅฎšใ‚’็ตในใฐใ€ๆก็ด„ใซ็ฝฒๅใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆก็ด„ใ€
08:25
is like a contract, but it's between countries. Peace treaty, trade treaty, etc. "UNSC" -- "United
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ใฏๅฅ‘็ด„ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ›ฝๅฎถ้–“ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅนณๅ’Œๆก็ด„ใ€้€šๅ•†ๆก็ด„ใชใฉใ€‚ ใ€ŒUNSCใ€ -- ใ€Œ
08:34
Nations Security Council". Okay. "Boot camp" -- when these guys join -- the privates, they
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ๅ›ฝ้€ฃๅฎ‰ๅ…จไฟ้šœ็†ไบ‹ไผšใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒผใƒˆใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒ—ใ€ - ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไบบใŒๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ - ไบŒ็ญ‰ๅ…ตใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰
08:41
join the army; they join the Marine Corps, for example -- they go to boot camp. This
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ใฏ่ป้šŠใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆตทๅ…ต้šŠใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใ€ ใƒ–ใƒผใƒˆใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒ—ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
08:46
is where they get trained. Now, this word is used often these days for exercise. For
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ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่จ“็ทดใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ ใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘้‹ๅ‹•ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
08:52
example, a yoga boot camp, a Pilates boot camp -- it means you come; we exercise like
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒจใ‚ฌใฎใƒ–ใƒผใƒˆ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒ—ใ€ใƒ”ใƒฉใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚นใฎใƒ–ใƒผใƒˆ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒ—ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ็‹‚ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้‹ๅ‹•ใ—ใ€
08:57
crazy and lose pounds and again muscle and everybody's happy. In the army, just training
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ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใ€ๅ†ใณ็ญ‹่‚‰ใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใ€ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒๅนธใ›ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™. ่ป้šŠใงใฏใ€
09:02
to go fight. The person who trains you is called a "drill sergeant". So it's the same,
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ๆˆฆใ†ใŸใ‚ใฎ่จ“็ทดใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่จ“็ทดใ™ใ‚‹ไบบ ใฏใ€Œ่จ“็ทดๅ…ตใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅŒใ˜
09:08
"sergeant", but a very specific one. He trains you. He's the trainer. "Troops" -- these are
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ใ€Œ่ปๆ›นใ€ใงใ™ใŒใ€้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่จ“็ทดใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒŠใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ป้šŠใ€ -- ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
09:15
all troops. All soldiers are called "troops". Okay? But if you're not in a regular army,
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ใ™ในใฆ่ป้šŠใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ…ตๅฃซใฏใ€Œ้ƒจ้šŠใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆญฃ่ฆ่ปใซๆ‰€ๅฑžใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„
09:21
then, there are different words to talk about you as a non-regular army person.
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€้žๆญฃ่ฆ่ปไบบใจใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™.
09:27
Let's see some more words.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:28
Okay. So we have a few more words here to look at. I've got my black pen back by magic,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใ‹ใ€้ญ”ๆณ•ใง้ป’ใฎใƒšใƒณใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๆˆปใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
09:33
somehow. A few things -- a few people that you need to know in the military besides troops.
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ใ€‚ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ“ใจ - ่ป้šŠไปฅๅค–ใฎ่ป้šŠใง็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใŸใก.
09:38
"Guerilla" -- "guerillas" are basically soldiers who are not part of a regular army. They're
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ใ€Œใ‚ฒใƒชใƒฉใ€ -- ใ€Œใ‚ฒใƒชใƒฉใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ ใซๆญฃ่ฆ่ปใซๆ‰€ๅฑžใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ…ตๅฃซใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
09:44
actually the same as "militants". You can call them "guerillas"; you can call them "militants".
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€Œ้Žๆฟ€ๆดพใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ€Œใ‚ฒใƒชใƒฉใ€ใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ€Œ้Žๆฟ€ๆดพใ€ใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:49
It's "guerilla warfare", which means you're not fighting by the standard rules of engagement,
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ‚ฒใƒชใƒฉๆˆฆใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใชไบคๆˆฆ่ฆๅ‰‡ใซๅพ“ใฃใฆๆˆฆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ
09:58
by the standard rules of war. Guerillas don't have rules. They do what they need to do to
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ใ€ๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใชๆˆฆไบ‰่ฆๅ‰‡ใซๅพ“ใฃใฆๆˆฆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฒใƒชใƒฉใซใฏใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ‹ใคใŸใ‚ใซๅฟ…่ฆใชใ“ใจ
10:03
win, and the same with militants. The group of militants is called a "militia". Okay.
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ใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚้Žๆฟ€ๆดพใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้Žๆฟ€ๆดพใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฏใ€Œๆฐ‘ๅ…ตใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
10:09
That's just the group.
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ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:11
Now, of course you have -- in a war, you have an enemy. But you also have an "ally" or "allies"
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๆˆฆไบ‰ใงใฏ ๆ•ตใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€ŒๅŒ็›Ÿๅ›ฝใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒๅŒ็›Ÿๅ›ฝใ€
10:19
if you have more than one. Now, and then you have a "coalition". When you create a group
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ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏใ€Œ้€ฃๅˆใ€ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—
10:24
-- of nations, especially -- or groups that join together for a common fight, that is
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ใ€็‰นใซๅ›ฝๅฎถใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ€ใพใŸใฏ ๅ…ฑ้€šใฎๆˆฆใ„ใฎใŸใ‚ใซไธ€็ท’ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œ
10:30
a "coalition". So you hear a lot about that in the news as well.
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ใฏใ€Œ้€ฃๅˆใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ ใ€ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใงใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:34
Now, you're going to hear about "battle". You're going to hear "conflict". And you're
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œใƒใƒˆใƒซใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่žใใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฏพ็ซ‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒ่žใ“ใˆใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
10:38
going to hear "war". A "war" is made up of many battles. You have a little battle here;
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ใ€Œๆˆฆไบ‰ใ€ใ‚’่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆˆฆไบ‰ใ€ใฏ ๅคšใใฎๆˆฆใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆˆใ‚Š็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸๆˆฆใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:43
you have a little battle here; you have a little battle here; and together, you have
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅฐ‘ใ—ๆˆฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงๅฐ‘ใ—ๆˆฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆไธ€็ท’ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
10:46
a war. Now, a lot of times, you're going to hear about a "conflict". Technically, a "conflict"
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ใฏๆˆฆไบ‰ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใ€Œ็ซถๅˆใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฐ‚้–€็š„ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œ็ด›ไบ‰ใ€
10:52
is a polite word for "war". The reason they use "conflict" and not "war" is because of
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ใฏใ€Œๆˆฆไบ‰ใ€ใฎไธๅฏงใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ ใ€Œๆˆฆไบ‰ใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€Œ็ด›ไบ‰ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†็†็”ฑใฏ
10:58
the legal system. If you say "war", there are different laws that apply. If you say
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ใ€ๆณ•ๅˆถๅบฆใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆˆฆไบ‰ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ ใ€้ฉ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆณ•ๅพ‹ใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:02
"conflict", it just means you're having a little bit of trouble with your neighbor.
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ใ€Œ่ก็ชใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ้šฃไบบใจๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™.
11:05
You're bombing them. They're bombing you. But it's just a conflict. You know, you'll
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ˆ†ๆ’ƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็ˆ†ๆ’ƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ๅฏพ็ซ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใปใ‚‰ใ€
11:09
make up soon; you'll be friends soon. So it's a polite way to say "war" without the legal obligations.
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ใ™ใใซไปฒ็›ดใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ใใซๅ‹้”ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ๆณ•็š„ใช็พฉๅ‹™ใ‚’่ฒ ใ‚ใšใซใ€Œๆˆฆไบ‰ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏไธๅฏงใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
11:16
Now, when you talk about war, again, you have an "offensive". An "offensive" is when you
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆˆฆไบ‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ๅ†ใณใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏใ€Œๆ”ปๅ‹ขใ€ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ€Œๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ€ใจใฏใ€ๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
11:21
attack. A "counter-offensive" is when the other side attacks back. So you start an offensive;
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅๆ’ƒใ€ใจใฏใ€ ็›ธๆ‰‹ใŒๅๆ’ƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:29
you start to attack; you're trying to advance on your enemy's territory. They're counter-attacking,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ•ตใฎ้ ˜ๅœŸใ‚’ๅ‰้€ฒใ•ใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅๆ’ƒใ—ใ€
11:36
trying to "repel" you, to push you back. Now, if you have an "incursion", it means you've
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใ€Œๆ’ƒ้€€ใ€ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆ ใ€ใ€Œไพตๅ…ฅใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ
11:42
entered the enemy's territory; you were able to get inside. "Incursion" means get inside.
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ใ€ๆ•ตใฎ้ ˜ๅœŸใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธญใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œไพตๅ…ฅใ€ใจใฏใ€ไธญใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
11:46
Now, if you go in and you're able to destroy a lot and kill a lot of people, then, we call
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ใงใฏใ€ไธญใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆ ๅคšใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็ ดๅฃŠใ—ใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใ‚’ๆฎบใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€
11:51
this situation an "onslaught". You're advancing and killing and destroying as you go.
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ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚’ใ€Œ็Œ›ๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ€ใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ‰้€ฒ ใ—ใ€ๆฎบใ—ใ€็ ดๅฃŠใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:58
Again, none of this is good stuff, but it's in the news. You probably need to know what
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ‚Œใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
12:03
they're talking about. You might hear this expression often: "boots on the ground" or
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ๅœฐไธŠใฎใƒ–ใƒผใƒ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒๅœฐไธŠ้ƒจ้šŠใ€ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
12:08
"ground forces". Most wars these days -- we're very technologically advanced, so most wars
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ใ€‚ ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๆˆฆไบ‰ -- ็งใŸใกใฏ ้žๅธธใซๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใซ้€ฒๆญฉใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๆˆฆไบ‰
12:15
are from the sky and from computers. But if you send soldiers into a territory, then,
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ใฏ็ฉบใจใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™. ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ๅ…ตๅฃซใ‚’้ ˜ๅœŸใซ้€ใ‚Š่พผใ‚€ใจ
12:23
you are putting boots -- like, boots, shoes -- on the ground, soldiers. Boots on the ground
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ใ€ใƒ–ใƒผใƒ„ใ€ใƒ–ใƒผใƒ„ใ€้ด ใ€ๅ…ตๅฃซใ‚’ๅœฐ้ขใซ็ฝฎใใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅœฐ้ขใซใƒ–ใƒผใƒ„
12:28
-- soldiers. Ground forces -- soldiers, walking in, guns, knives, RPGs, whatever it takes.
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- ๅ…ตๅฃซใ€‚ ๅœฐไธŠ้ƒจ้šŠ - ๅ…ตๅฃซใ€ ๆญฉๅ…ตใ€้Šƒใ€ใƒŠใ‚คใƒ•ใ€RPGใชใฉใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
12:36
There you go. If you need to talk about war or about the military you have some vocabulary
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ใปใ‚‰ใญใ€‚ ๆˆฆไบ‰ใ‚„่ป้šŠใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅฟ…่ฆ ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Š
12:42
now. You can always go to www.engvid.com and do the quiz. Make sure you understand all
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ— ใฆใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅฟ…ใš็†่งฃใ—ใฆ
12:47
these words. If you have any questions, please ask in the comments section. Please do not
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ”ไธๆ˜Žใช็‚นใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงใŠๅฐ‹ใญใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:54
bring politics into the comments section. This is about English and only English. We
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใซๆ”ฟๆฒปใ‚’ๆŒใก่พผใพใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใฟใงใ™ใ€‚
13:01
don't need to make any comments about anything. Ask your English questions. Help each other
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:06
with the English, and everybody will be okay. You can read newspapers. Watch CNN if that's
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใŠไบ’ใ„ใซๅŠฉใ‘ๅˆใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–ฐ่žใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
13:12
what gets you going. And it's all good. Okay. I'll see you again soon.
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ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚‹ๆฐ—ใซใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€CNNใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใพใŸใ™ใใซใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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