Learn Punctuation: period, exclamation mark, question mark

1,054,302 views ใƒป 2014-05-03

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
Hi. Welcome to www.engvid.com again. My name's Adam. Today, I'm responding to some requests
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚ขใƒ€ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€
00:07
for punctuation lessons. So, today's lesson is about punctuation. I'm going to focus on
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ๅฅ่ชญ็‚นใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใซใŠๅฟœใˆใ—ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ ใฏๅฅ่ชญ็‚นใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
00:13
the period, the exclamation mark, and the question mark. Now, you're thinking: why am
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ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใ€ๆ„Ÿๅ˜†็ฌฆใ€็–‘ๅ•็ฌฆใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™: ใชใœ
00:18
I beginning with these three? Because these are the ends of sentences. Right? These always
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็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 3 ใคใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹? ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ ใฏๆ–‡ใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅธธใซ
00:23
come at a very specific point in the sentence, always at the end, always with a clear purpose.
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ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎ้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ€ ๅธธใซๆœ€ๅพŒใซๆฅใฆใ€ๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใช็›ฎ็š„ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
00:29
What is the purpose? A period ends a sentence. Seems simple enough, everybody knows this.
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็›ฎ็š„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใฏๆ–‡ใ‚’็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฐกๅ˜ใซๆ€ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:36
Correct? But it's not that simple. Many, many times I've seen students writing and not putting
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉๅ˜็ด”ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ„ไฝ็ฝฎใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใ‚’ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใฆใใพใ—
00:42
the period in the correct place. What...
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ใŸใ€‚ ไฝ•... ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰
00:44
Another thing you have to remember about the period is what comes after it is always a
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใ“ใจ ใฏใ€ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใฎๅพŒใซๆฅใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅธธใซ
00:48
capital letter. Okay? Many people forget the capital after a period. A period ends a sentence
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ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅคšใใฎไบบใฏ ใ€ไธ€ๅฎšๆœŸ้–“ๅพŒใซ้ฆ–้ƒฝใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใฏๆ–‡
00:56
which means it ends a complete idea. Whatever comes after the period is already a new idea.
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ใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœŸ้–“ใฎๅพŒใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€ใ™ใงใซๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใ™ใ€‚
01:03
Of course, one idea flows to the next idea; one idea builds on the previous idea, but
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€1 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒๆฌกใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใซๆตใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ 1 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฏๅ‰ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
01:09
they are two separate ideas. When you have completed your sentence, when you have completed
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ 2 ใคใฎๅˆฅๅ€‹ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ใŒๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒๅฎŒๆˆใ—
01:14
your idea - put a period. And British people call this: "a full stop". Same idea, means:
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ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบ ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œใƒ•ใƒซใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใจใฏใ€
01:20
full stop, done, next idea. Okay? With a capital letter. Always don't forget the capital letter.
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ๅฎŒๅ…จๅœๆญขใ€ๅฎŒไบ†ใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ€‚ ๅธธใซๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:27
Or never forget the capital letter. Okay?
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:30
Another thing to remember about the period is that once you have a sentence with a complete
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ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใช็‹ฌ็ซ‹็ฏ€ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๆ–‡ใŒ
01:35
independent clause and you don't have another independent clause with a conjunction, "and",
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ใงใใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ€Œandใ€ใ€
01:41
"but", "so", "or", etcetera or a semi-colon-this is a semi-colon-that means your sentence is
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ใ€Œbutใ€ใ€ใ€Œsoใ€ใ€ใ€Œorใ€ใชใฉใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๅˆฅใฎ็‹ฌ็ซ‹็ฏ€ใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ a semi-colon-this is a semicolon-ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
01:49
finished. If you have two independent clauses in a sentence and you don't have the conjunction,
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ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ใซ 2 ใคใฎ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใ—ใŸ็ฏ€ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉž
01:56
you don't have the semi-colon, means you have a run-on sentence. Okay? A "run-on sentence"
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ใŒใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ปใƒŸใ‚ณใƒญใƒณใŒใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ ใ€้€ฃ็ถšใ—ใŸๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€ŒๅฎŸ่กŒๆ–‡ใ€
02:04
is a sentence that has two subjects, two verbs, no spacing, no conjunction, no period. Okay?
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ใจใฏใ€2 ใคใฎไธป่ชžใ€2 ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉž ใ€ใ‚นใƒšใƒผใ‚นใ€ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ€ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใŒใชใ„ๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:10
Let's look at an example of a run-on sentence. "Stacey and Claire went shopping at the mall
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ๅฎŸ่กŒๆ–‡ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚คใ‚ทใƒผใจใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚ขใฏใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใจใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใจไธ€็ท’ใซใƒขใƒผใƒซใซ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใซ่กŒใใ€
02:16
with Ted and Alex they bought new clothes." Does this sentence seem okay to you? If it
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆœใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰
02:22
does, there's a problem. Okay? We have "Stacey and Claire" as your subject-sorry, this is
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ใ€ๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ไปถๅใซใ€Œใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚คใ‚ทใƒผ ใจใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚ขใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
02:30
a "v" actually-"went shopping at the mall". Where? "With Ted and Alex". With who? This
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€Œvใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒขใƒผใƒซใซ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€. ใฉใ“๏ผŸ ใ€Œใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใจใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใจใ€ใ€‚ ่ชฐใจ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œ
02:37
is a complete idea. "Stacey and Claire went shopping at the mall with Ted and Alex." Your
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ใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚คใ‚ทใƒผใจใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚ขใฏ ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใจใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใจไธ€็ท’ใซใƒขใƒผใƒซใซ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ
02:44
idea is complete, this is what they did.
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฏๅฎŒๆˆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎใ—ใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:47
Now, at the mall, what did they do? "They bought new clothes." I put a period, I put
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒขใƒผใƒซใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹? ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ ใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆœใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œ
02:55
a capital. I have to separate ideas, therefore, two separate sentences. Now, is there any
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๅˆ†้›ขใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ 2 ใคใฎๅˆฅใ€…ใฎๆ–‡ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
03:01
other way I can fix this? Of course. I can put a comma after: "Alex," I could put the
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใงใใ‚‹ไป–ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ€ใฎๅพŒใซใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
03:08
word: "and they bought", in which case, that sentence is fine. "And" joins two independent.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ฒทใฃใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎ ๆ–‡ใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใจใ€ใฏ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใ—ใŸ2ใคใ‚’็ตๅˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:18
So, every time you're writing... Punctuation, of course, is for writing, not for speaking;
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚... ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅฅ่ชญ็‚นใฏๆ›ธใใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:23
we don't see punctuation in speaking. Every time you write, check your sentences. If you
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่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซๅฅ่ชญ็‚นใฏ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆ›ธใใŸใณใซใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:29
have two independent clauses, means two subject, subject, verb, and then subject, verb. If
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2 ใคใฎ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใ—ใŸ็ฏ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€2 ใคใฎไธป่ชžใ€ ไธป่ชžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใใ—ใฆไธป่ชžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:34
you have two of these, two combinations of subject and verb without a period between
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ†ใกใฎ 2 ใคใ€ ไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้–“ใซใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใŒ
03:40
them, without a conjunction, without a semi-colon - you have a run-on sentence. Okay?
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ใชใใ€ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ‚‚ใ‚ปใƒŸใ‚ณใƒญใƒณใ‚‚ใชใ„ 2 ใคใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ ๅ ดๅˆใ€้€ฃ็ถšใ—ใŸๆ–‡ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:46
Just to make sure, here's another sentence. I'll take this away. Something came before.
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ๅฟตใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๆ–‡ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅ‰ใซๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:51
"As a result," -of whatever came before-"the police evacuated the tenants of the building
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ใ€Œใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€ใ€-ไปฅๅ‰ใซไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚-ใ€Œ ่ญฆๅฏŸใฏใ€ๅปบ็‰ฉใฎใƒ†ใƒŠใƒณใƒˆใ‚’้ฟ้›ฃใ•ใ›ใŸ
03:58
they thought this would be safer." Oh. "The tenants of the building they thought
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.ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฎ‰ๅ…จใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใŸ.ใ€ ใŠใƒผใ€‚ ใ€Œๅปบ็‰ฉใฎใƒ†ใƒŠใƒณใƒˆใฏใ€
04:05
this would be safer." Wait a minute. What's going on? Where does the sentence end? Where
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ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎๆ–นใŒๅฎ‰ๅ…จใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ—ใŸใฎ๏ผŸ ๆ–‡ใฏใฉใ“ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:09
does the idea end? What's the next part of the sentence? Okay? "The police evacuated".
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฏใฉใ“ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๆ–‡ใฎๆฌกใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ่ญฆๅฏŸใฏ้ฟ้›ฃใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚
04:17
Who? "The tenants". Which tenants? "Of the building". Okay? "The building they thought
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่ชฐ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใƒ†ใƒŠใƒณใƒˆใ€ใ€‚ ใฉใฎใƒ†ใƒŠใƒณใƒˆ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅปบ็‰ฉใฎใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่€ƒใˆใŸๅปบ็‰ฉ
04:23
this", no. Okay, "The building that they thought this", no, doesn't make sense. So this must
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ใ€ใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่€ƒใˆใŸๅปบ็‰ฉ ใ€ใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
04:30
be the next subject, "they thought". Who are "they"? The police. "They thought". What?
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ใฏๆฌกใฎไธป้กŒใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่€ƒใˆใŸใ€ใซ้•ใ„ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ชฐใชใฎ"๏ผŸ ่ญฆๅฏŸใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่€ƒใˆใŸใ€ใ€‚ ไฝ•๏ผŸ
04:38
"This would be safer." So now, I need to put something here. I need to break up these two
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฎ‰ๅ…จใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚ใ€ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ไปŠใ€็งใฏใ“ใ“ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ฝฎใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 2
04:46
sentences because they're two separate ideas. This sentence explains why they did the action
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ใคใฎๆ–‡ใฏ 2 ใคใฎๅˆฅๅ€‹ใฎ่€ƒใˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅˆ†ๅ‰ฒใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใงใใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใจใฃใŸ็†็”ฑใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„
04:52
in the first sentence.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:53
So, how can I do it? One way, I could put the period. Put a period, the idea ends, it's
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ 1ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ€ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใ‚’็ฝฎใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
04:59
complete. I'm going to the next idea, beginning with a capital "T" for "They". Another way
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ๅฎŒๆˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒTheyใ€ใ‚’่กจใ™ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎใ€ŒTใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
05:07
I can do is put this. I'm not... Don't worry about a semi-colon today; I'll explain that
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็งใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ฝฎใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“... ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‚ปใƒŸใ‚ณใƒญใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใฏใพใŸไปŠๅบฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™
05:13
another time. But this is one other way to split up two sentences, "; they thought",
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅˆ†ๅ‰ฒใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ; ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่€ƒใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚
05:18
because it's a direct connection, "; they thought this would be safer." Another way
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็›ดๆŽฅ็š„ใชใคใชใŒใ‚Šใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œ; ๅฝผใ‚‰ ใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฎ‰ๅ…จใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–น
05:22
is to put "because". "Because they thought this would be safer." "This" being evacuated
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œbecauseใ€ใ‚’็ฝฎใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฎ‰ๅ…จใ ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ€
05:34
the tenants. Right? The situation. Okay, so there are three ways you can fix this. Okay?
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ใฏใƒ†ใƒŠใƒณใƒˆใ‚’้ฟ้›ฃใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ็Šถๆณใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ3ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:40
So you don't have a run-on sentence.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฎŸ่กŒๆ–‡ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:42
So that's the whole idea of the period. Make sure when your idea is complete, when your
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ“ใฎๆ™‚ไปฃใฎๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใช่€ƒใˆๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใŸใจใใ€
05:47
independent clause is complete and finished, and you're starting a new independent clause,
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็‹ฌ็ซ‹ๆก้ …ใŒๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใฆ็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใŸใจใ ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็‹ฌ็ซ‹ๆก้ …ใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ
05:52
put a period to finish the first one. The reader understands: "Okay, this idea is finished.
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ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆก้ …ใ‚’็ต‚ไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ชญ่€… ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:58
I'm getting ready. Okay, give me the next idea. I'm ready for that." Okay? Or join them.
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ใใ‚Œใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใพใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:03
Okay? To get one full compound sentence which we'll talk about another time as well.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅฎŒๅ…จใช่ค‡ๅˆๆ–‡ใ‚’ 1 ใคๅ–ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ ใซใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๅˆฅใฎๆฉŸไผšใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:10
Let's look at the exclamation mark. Okay? Okay, so now we're going to look at the exclamation
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ๆ„Ÿๅ˜†็ฌฆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใฏใ€ๆ„Ÿๅ˜†็ฌฆใจ็–‘ๅ•็ฌฆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
06:15
mark and the question mark. The thing to remember about these: they work just like the period,
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจ ใฏใ€ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—
06:21
meaning that they end the sentence, they end the idea. Question mark I think is pretty
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ใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็–‘ๅ•็ฌฆใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆ˜Ž็ขบใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
06:27
clear; everybody knows this. There must be a question involved. We're going to look at
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ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใซ้•ใ„ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚ 1 ็ง’ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
06:31
that in one second.
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ใ€‚
06:32
Let's look at the exclamation mark, it's short and sweet, to the point. An exclamation mark
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ๆ„Ÿๅ˜†็ฌฆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ็Ÿญใ ใฆ็”˜ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ„Ÿๅ˜†็ฌฆ
06:38
shows emotion. Okay? It could be shock, surprise, etcetera. Could be anger or it could be a
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ใฏๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€้ฉšใใชใฉใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ๅ‘ฝไปคใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
06:46
command. "Stop!" We use an exclamation mark; it's a very strong expression. Subject "you",
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ใ€‚ "ๆญขใพใ‚‹๏ผ" ๆ„Ÿๅ˜†็ฌฆใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅผทใ„่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€
06:53
verb "stop". "Stop!" Now, sometimes we can use an exclamation mark with a question mark.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ "ๆญขใพใ‚‹๏ผ" ใ“ใ“ใง ใ€ๆ„Ÿๅ˜†็ฌฆใจ็–‘ๅ•็ฌฆใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:00
It's called an interrobang, but you don't need to worry about that word. I just like
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ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒญใƒใƒณใจใ„ใ„ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏๆฐ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ
07:04
to say it, interrobang, sounds kind of neat.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒญใƒใƒณใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใใ‚Œใ„ใซ ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™.
07:07
"Why are you doing this to me!?" I'm showing... I'm showing emotion; I'm a little bit angry,
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"ใชใ‚“ใง็งใซใ“ใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผ๏ผŸ" ็งใฏ็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™... ็งใฏๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใฆ
07:12
a little bit upset, but I'm also asking you a question. Like: "Why are you doing this?",
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ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‹•ๆบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚‚่ณชๅ•ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎ?ใ€
07:16
"Why are you doing this to me!?" Angry, shocked. Anyway, you get the point.
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ใ€Œใฉใ†ใ—ใฆ็งใซใ“ใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎ!?ใ€ ๆ€’ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€‚ ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฆ็‚นใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:23
Now, the thing about the exclamation mark is that you should rarely use it. Many students,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒกใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ ใ‚ใฃใŸใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใ€
07:30
many native, non-native English users, they like to use an exclamation mark. They think
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ๅคšใใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ€้žใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฆใƒผใ‚ถใƒผ ใฏใ€ๆ„Ÿๅ˜†็ฌฆใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
07:35
every time they're making a strong sentence, they need to show that it's a strong sentence,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅผทใ„ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใŸใณใซใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅผทใ„ๆ–‡็ซ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ๅฟ…่ฆ
07:39
but you don't. If you write a clear sentence, a very direct statement - that's enough. You
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆ˜Ž็ขบใชๆ–‡็ซ ใ€้žๅธธใซ็Ž‡็›ดใชๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ‘ใฐใ€ ใใ‚Œใงๅๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:45
can use this, but make sure that it is necessary in that situation. Even novelists, creative
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎ็Šถๆณใงๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
07:51
writers who have to show emotion in their writing, even they rarely use exclamation
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅฐ่ชฌๅฎถใ‚„ใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚จใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช ไฝœๅฎถใงใ•ใˆใ€ใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒกใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใฃใŸใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
07:57
marks. And when you do use it, it's that much more powerful. Okay? So try not to use it.
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅผทๅŠ›ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:03
Especially in academic writing, you have no reason to use it. Okay? You're not showing
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็‰นใซใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใงใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
08:07
emotion in academic writing. In more creative writing, you can use it, but sparingly. Means
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ๅญฆ่ก“่ซ–ๆ–‡ใงๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ‰ต้€ ็š„ใช ๆ–‡็ซ ใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆŽงใˆใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:13
not very often. "Wow!" Okay, put an exclamation mark. But at the end of a sentence, a period
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Š้ ป็นใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ "ใ‚ใŠ๏ผ" ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒกใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚’ใคใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใฏใ€ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰
08:19
works just as well.
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ใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:21
Now, the thing about a question mark: make sure there's a question. Okay? Let's look
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ใ•ใฆใ€็–‘ๅ•็ฌฆใซใคใ„ใฆ: ็–‘ๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ ็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:26
at this example here: "What happened last night?"
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†: ใ€Œ ๆ˜จๅคœไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€
08:30
This is a question. First of all, if you hear it, it goes up at the end. You're asking a
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€่žใ ใจๆœ€ๅพŒใซไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„
08:32
question: "What happened last night?"
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ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œๆ˜จๅคœไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
08:35
"What happened last night should not have happened."
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ใ€Œๆ˜จๅคœใฎ ๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใฏใ‚ใฃใฆใฏใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ ใฃใŸใ€
08:38
Okay? So be careful. This, what we have here... What is this? This is a noun clause, this
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใฎใงๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏโ€ฆ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžๅฅใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œ
08:46
is the whole thing is the subject to the verb: "should not have happened". Okay? Make sure
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ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธป่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใงใ™: ใ€Œ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:54
that you understand. Even if it looks like a question, make sure there is actually a
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็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—
08:57
question there.
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:59
How do you know there's a question? The subject and verb will be inverted. Right? As in here:
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่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฃใฆใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ ไธป่ชž ใจๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ้€†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ๏ผš
09:04
"Are you coming?" This is a question. The verb comes before the subject and there's
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฅใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒไธป่ชžใฎๅ‰ใซๆฅ
09:10
going to be a question. So let's look at this sentence:
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ใฆใ€็–‘ๅ•ๆ–‡ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏ ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟ
09:13
"Are you coming to the Party at Linda's house, it'll be fun."
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ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€Œใƒชใƒณใƒ€ใฎๅฎถใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซๆฅใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
09:16
Okay? If I'm speaking, maybe the question mark, you might not hear it because I want
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็งใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒใƒงใƒณ ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎ็‚นใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ€่žใ“ใˆใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
09:22
to stress this point more. But is there a question here: "Are you coming to the party
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใง่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
09:26
at Linda's house"? Yes. So this, again, is what we call a run-on sentence. I don't want
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ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€Œใƒชใƒณใƒ€ใฎๅฎถใงใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซๆฅใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏๅฎŸ่กŒๆ–‡ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
09:32
a comma here, I want the question mark. There's a question, the sentence is pretty much finished.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒใƒงใƒณ ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆ–‡ใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:38
Interrogative sentence, it's a question, but it's still a sentence. And here, I want the
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็–‘ๅ•ๆ–‡ใ€่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ‚„ใฏใ‚Šๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ“ใงใ€
09:43
capital "I": "It will be fun. Are you coming to the party? Come, come. It'll be fun." Right?
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ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎใ€Œ็งใ€ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
09:50
Two separate ideas, each has its own punctuation.
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2 ใคใฎๅˆฅใ€…ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ ใซ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎๅฅ่ชญ็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:55
So there you have it. Period, exclamation mark, question mark for punctuation, for writing.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใ€ๆ„Ÿๅ˜†็ฌฆ ใ€ๅฅ่ชญ็‚น็”จใฎ็–‘ๅ•็ฌฆใ€ๆ›ธใ่พผใฟ็”จใ€‚
10:01
If you're not clear about all of this, come to www.engvid.com; there's a quiz, you can
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใซใคใ„ใฆไธๆ˜Žใช็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:05
practice this a little bit more and ask all the questions you need. Okay? See you again soon.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ€ ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ™ในใฆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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