Flap T & Flap D (why T and D sound the same)

106,355 views ใƒป 2018-01-18

Accent's Way English with Hadar


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
'wedding' and 'wetting'.
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ใ€Œ็ตๅฉšๅผใ€ใจใ€ŒใŠใญใ—ใ‚‡ใ€ใ€‚
00:03
Yeah, it sounds exactly the same.
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ใˆใˆใ€ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
00:05
Hey, there, it's Hadar, and this is the Accent's Way.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€Hadar ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:08
Today we're going to talk about the T's and the D's when they're
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ T ใจ D ใŒๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ้–“ใฎ
00:11
in the middle of the word between vowels, and answer the question,
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ๅ˜่ชžใฎไธญ้–“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ— ใ€
00:16
"Why, why do they sound so similar?"
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ใ€Œใชใœใ€ใชใœใ“ใ‚“ใชใซไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
00:20
The answer is they sound similar because it's absolutely the same sound.
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็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€ ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜้Ÿณใชใฎใงไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:24
Yes.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚
00:25
The T in 'writing a book' and the D in 'riding a motorcycle'
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ใ€Œๆœฌใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ€ใฎใ€ŒTใ€ใจใ€Œ ใƒใ‚คใ‚ฏใซไน—ใ‚‹ใ€ใฎใ€ŒDใ€ใฏ
00:30
is exactly the same sound.
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ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
00:32
Before we talk about why is that, let's talk about how to pronounce it.
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ใใฎ็†็”ฑใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅ‰ใซใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:36
The difference between T's and D's and this unique [ษพ] sound is that
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T'sใจD's ใจใ“ใฎใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚ฏใช[ษพ]ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏใ€
00:41
the T's and the D's block the air, so there is a little pause there.
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T'sใจD'sใŒ็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’้ฎๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ใใ“ใงๅฐ‘ใ—้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:46
And then the air is released with this puff.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒ‘ใƒ•ใง็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ”พๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:51
The tongue goes up to touch the roof of the mouth, and then the air is
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่ˆŒใŒไธŠใŒใฃใฆๅฃ่“‹ใซ่งฆใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจ ใ€็ฉบๆฐ—ใŒ
00:54
building up and then you release it.
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ๆบœใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่งฃๆ”พใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:58
That's the T, it's just air coming out.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏTใงใ™ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ็ฉบๆฐ—ใŒๅ‡บใฆใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™.
01:00
The D is absolutely the same with voice, so the vocal chords are also vibrating.
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Dใฏๅฃฐใจๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ใช ใฎใงใ€ๅฃฐๅธฏใ‚‚ๆŒฏๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:06
The tip of the tongue goes up and you release it, and that's the D.
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่ˆŒใฎๅ…ˆใŒไธŠใŒใฃใฆ ้›ขใ™ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ D ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:14
That's the D at the beginning of a word, as in 'day'.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ 'day' ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใซใ‚ใ‚‹ D ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:18
That's the T at the beginning of a word as 'time'.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ€Œๆ™‚้–“ใ€ใจใ—ใฆๅ˜่ชžใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใซใ‚ใ‚‹ T ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:21
But when it's in the middle of the word between two vowels, those two
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ 2 ใคใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ้–“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎไธญ้–“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 2 ใคใฎ
01:25
sounds behave completely different.
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้ŸณใฏใพใฃใŸใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ‹•ไฝœใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:29
The way I think about it is that English has this constant fluency,
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็งใฎ่€ƒใˆใงใฏใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฏๅธธใซๆตๆšขใงใ€
01:33
there's constant move and flow.
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ๅธธใซๅ‹•ใใจๆตใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:36
And when there are two vowels that are really close together,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€2 ใคใฎๆฏ้ŸณใŒ ้žๅธธใซๆŽฅ่ฟ‘ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
01:39
you don't want to block them, you don't want to stop in the middle.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใƒ–ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ้€”ไธญใงๆญขใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:42
Now, T's and D's block the air.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€T ใจ D ใŒ็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’้ฎๆ–ญใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:45
And what happens when there are these two vowels is that if you block
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎ2ใคใฎๆฏ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ€็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’้ฎๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใจ
01:49
the air, it takes a lot of effort.
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ๅคงๅค‰ใชๆ‰‹้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:51
So, instead of bringing the tongue up to block the air,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’้ฎๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่ˆŒใ‚’ๆŒใกไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€
01:55
you're suggesting that there is a sound there that blocks the air.
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็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’้ฎๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบๅ”†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:59
So instead of saying 'riDing', you just bring the tongue to
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€'riDing' ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ ่ˆŒใ‚’
02:04
touch really lightly - 'riding'.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ปฝใ่งฆใ‚Œใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ - 'riding'.
02:09
What does it sound like to you?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:11
[ษพ], [ษพ], 'ri[ษพ]ing'.
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[ษพ]ใ€[ษพ]ใ€ใ€Œri[ษพ]ingใ€ใ€‚
02:15
It's not 'riDing'.
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ใ€Œไน—้ฆฌใ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:18
And right now I'm thinking of a D, as in 'riding a motorcycle'.
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠใ€็งใฏ ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒผใƒˆใƒใ‚คใซไน—ใ‚‹ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช D ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:22
But I'm also thinking of the T because it's exactly the same pronunciation.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€็™บ้ŸณใŒๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ใชใฎใงTใ‚‚่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:26
I'll talk about that in a sec.
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅพŒใปใฉ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:28
So again, going back to the pronunciation of the D in the middle
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€
02:32
of the word between two vowels.
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2 ใคใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ้–“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ็œŸใ‚“ไธญใซใ‚ใ‚‹ D ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:34
You bring the tongue up, but you just slightly touch the upper palate.
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่ˆŒใ‚’ไธŠใซไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ไธŠๅฃ่“‹ใซใ‚ใšใ‹ใซ่งฆใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:38
You're suggesting that there is a D there - 'riding'.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใใ“ใซDใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบๅ”†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™-ใ€Œไน—้ฆฌใ€ใ€‚
02:42
Think of making it super soft, super sweet, super light - 'rai-ding'.
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่ถ…ๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใใ€่ถ… ็”˜ใใ€่ถ…่ปฝ้‡ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„-ใ€Œใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ€ใ€‚
02:48
President [pre-z'-d'nt].
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ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜[pre-z'-d'nt]ใ€‚
02:50
I'm not saying 'presiDent'.
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็งใฏใ€Œๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:53
'President'.
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'ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜'ใ€‚
02:56
Bidding.
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02:56
To bid, bidding.
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ๅ…ฅๆœญใ€‚
ๅ…ฅๆœญใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ๅ…ฅๆœญใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
02:59
Right?
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02:59
It doesn't sound like a D really.
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซDใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใฏ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:02
And for some of you, it may even sound like a 'r', like an R, in different
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ใพใŸใ€ไธ€้ƒจใฎไบบใซใจใฃใฆใฏใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณ่ชžใชใฉใ€ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช่จ€่ชžใงใ€Œrใ€ใ‚„ใ€ŒRใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ•ใˆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
03:07
languages, like Spanish, for example.
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ใ€‚
03:09
If we think of the word 'pero', 'pero'.
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ใ€Œใƒšใƒญใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๆตฎใ‹ในใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œใƒšใƒญใ€ใ€‚
03:12
Not 'perro', right?
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ใ€Œใƒšใƒญใ€ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:14
See, I know how to make those two R's.
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ใปใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใใฎ2ใคใฎRใฎไฝœใ‚Šๆ–นใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
03:16
No, the short are in Spanish - 'pero'.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็Ÿญใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณ่ชžใงใ™ - ใ€Œใƒšใƒญใ€ใ€‚
03:19
This R also exists in Russian and Arabic and Korean.
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ใ“ใฎ R ใฏใ€ใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ข่ชžใ€ใ‚ขใƒฉใƒ“ใ‚ข่ชžใ€้Ÿ“ๅ›ฝ่ชžใซใ‚‚ๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:25
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
03:26
So, this really light tap, not a long trill, not rrr, but this really
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎ้žๅธธใซ่ปฝใ„ใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒ—ใฏ ้•ทใ„ใƒˆใƒชใƒซใงใ‚‚ rrr ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎ้žๅธธใซ
03:31
light tap is exactly that D sound between two vowels in the middle
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่ปฝใ„ใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒ—ใฏใ€
03:37
of the word, when it's unstressed.
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ๅผทๅ‹ขใŒใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎ็œŸใ‚“ไธญใซใ‚ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ้–“ใฎ D ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
03:39
Bidding.
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ๅ…ฅๆœญใ€‚
03:41
President.
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ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใ€‚
03:42
Now, what happens with the T is that the tongue is doing exactly the same thing.
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ใ•ใฆใ€Tใง่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ่ˆŒใŒใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™.
03:48
And instead of stopping your voice for a T, cause that's usually the
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ใใ—ใฆใ€T ใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅฃฐใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ใ‚‹ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Š ใซใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้€šๅธธใฎ
03:51
case - Betty or hotter - you want to bring the tongue up to suggest that
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ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ - Betty ใพใŸใฏ hotter - ๅญ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบๅ”†ใ™ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใซ่ˆŒใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใง
04:00
there is a consonant there, but also you want to keep your voice going.
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ใชใใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฃฐใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
04:03
Here's the thing, the vowels are voiced anyway, so don't stop the
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ๆฏ้Ÿณใฏ ใจใซใ‹ใ็™บๅฃฐใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
04:07
vibration of the vocal chords.
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ๅฃฐๅธฏใฎๆŒฏๅ‹•ใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:09
That creates this fluency and flow.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ“ใฎๆตๆšขใ•ใจๆตใ‚Œใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:12
So, instead of saying Betty, I say Bedy.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒ™ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใƒ™ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:17
Or hotter [haa-d'r].
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ใพใŸใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๆš‘ใ„[haa-d'r]ใ€‚
04:20
Or even if it's between two words, like 'about it' [abu-dit], and 'it is' [i-diz].
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ€[abu-dit] ใจใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏใ€[i-diz] ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ้–“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
04:25
So, 'wedding', as in 'I have a wedding to go to' and 'wetting'
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€'wedding' ใฏใ€'I have a wedding to go' ใจ 'wetting'
04:33
- 'I'm wetting the floor right now' - they should sound the same.
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('I'm wetting the floor right now') ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅผทๅ‹ขใฎใชใ„้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎ
04:37
Because the T and the D between two vowels in unstressed syllables - okay,
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2 ใคใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ้–“ใฎ T ใจ D ใฏใ€
04:43
I'll talk about that in a sec - in unstressed syllables turn into the same
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅพŒใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅผทๅ‹ขใฎ ใชใ„้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใงใฏๅŒใ˜้Ÿณใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
04:48
sound, this really light [ษพ] sound.
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ใ€ใ“ใฎ้žๅธธใซ่ปฝใ„ [ษพ] ใฎ้Ÿณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:51
We can think of it as if it's a really light D.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ปฝใ„ D ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:54
And it's not a 't' sound, we don't hear this 't-t'.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ 't' ใฎ้Ÿณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ 't-t' ใฏ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:59
It's a [ษพ].
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[ษพ]ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:02
'wedding' [we-ding] and 'wetting' [we-ding].
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ใ€Œ็ตๅฉšๅผใ€[we-ding] ใจ ใ€ŒใŠใญใ—ใ‚‡ใ€[we-ding]ใ€‚
05:06
Yeah, it sounds exactly the same.
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ใˆใˆใ€ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
05:08
Now, if we think of the word 'atomic', the T here is between
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒˆใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ใ“ใ“ใฎ T ใฏ
05:12
two vowels, but I can not make it a flap T, I cannot say 'adomic'.
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2 ใคใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ้–“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ— T ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใšใ€ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒˆใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:15
It just doesn't sound right, no one says that.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:18
You should trust your intuition here.
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ใ“ใ“ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็›ดๆ„Ÿใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:21
So, it's not 'adomic' because the 'to' is the primary stress.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œtoใ€ใŒไธปใชๅผท่ชฟใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œadomicใ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
05:26
Not only that it's not a flat T, it's actually a strong aspirated T
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใช T ใงใฏใชใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅผทใๅธๅผ•ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ T ใฎ
05:31
with a little H after: 'at[h]omic'.
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ๅพŒใซๅฐ‘ใ— H ใŒไป˜ใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™: 'at[h]omic'.
05:34
It has a little H, it's strong, I want to celebrate this T.
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ๅฐ‘ใ— H ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅผทใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ T ใ‚’็ฅใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:36
It's the beginning of a strong syllable.
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ๅผทใ„้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
05:38
I don't want to reduce it, I don't want to skip over it like
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05:41
I do with 'Betty' or 'activity'.
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ใ€ŒBettyใ€ใ‚„ใ€ŒActivityใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใ—ใ€ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:45
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:46
So, first of all, try to make this sound, try it in simple
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ใงใ™ใฎใงใ€ใพใšใฏ ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
05:51
words, like 'Betty' and 'get it'.
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ใ€‚
05:55
And then make sure that this is the sound that you're making both for
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
05:59
those T's, but also for your D's.
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T ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€D ใฎไธกๆ–นใซๅฏพใ—ใฆไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:01
So your D's are not so heavy when they're in the middle of words.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๅ˜่ชžใฎ้€”ไธญใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€D ใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉ้‡ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:04
For example, 'gooD evening'.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚“ใฐใ‚“ใฏใ€ใ€‚
06:07
No, it's this really light D - 'good evening'.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ ่ปฝใ„ D - ใ€Œใ“ใ‚“ใฐใ‚“ใฏใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:11
'Good-d-d-d'.
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ใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒปใƒ‰ใƒปใƒ‰ใƒปใƒ‰ใ€ใ€‚
06:13
I know it's mind blowing.
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็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๆฐ—ใŒ็‹‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:15
'd-d-d'.
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ใ€Œd-d-dใ€ใ€‚
06:16
Good evening.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใฐใ‚“ใฏใ€‚
06:17
Now, a lot of you may be doing that anyway without thinking about it.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅคšใใฏใ€ใจใซใ‹ใใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใšใซใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ .
06:20
So, that's fantastic, good for you.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:22
Let me know if you're doing it and you haven't even
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
06:25
noticed that you are doing it.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ•ใˆๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใใ ใ•ใ„.
06:26
But if you're not doing it, let me know if you're able to do that
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ใงใ‚‚ใ‚„ใฃใฆใชใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€
06:31
just listening to my explanation.
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็งใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:33
Same thing with the T's.
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Tใ•ใ‚“ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:35
Are you pronouncing the flap T?
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—Tใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:36
And if so, are you pronouncing them in all the right positions?
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๆญฃใ—ใ„ไฝ็ฝฎใง็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
06:41
Or are there words that are more difficult?
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ ใ‚‚ใฃใจ้›ฃใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:43
I've noticed with my students that sometimes when they're longer words
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็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€
06:46
like 'productivity', then because it's a long word and we invest a lot of
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ใ€Œ็”Ÿ็”ฃๆ€งใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้•ทใ„ๅ˜่ชžใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ้•ทใ„ๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
06:51
energy in saying these words, we tend to forget those flap T's and we make
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใซๅคšใใฎใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ— T ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŒใกใงใ€ๆฌก
06:55
them as a regular T - 'productiviTy'.
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ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใฎ T - ใ€Œ็”Ÿ็”ฃๆ€งใ€ใ€‚
06:59
Okay. So, I don't know, think about it.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:01
Now, if you want to practice it, I have a list of words and phrases and
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ๅ˜่ชžใจใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใจใ€
07:04
minimal pairs with the T's and the D's, and an audio of me saying them,
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T ใจ D ใฎๆœ€ๅฐ้™ใฎใƒšใ‚ขใจใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹้ŸณๅฃฐใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
07:08
so you can listen to it and repeat it.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใ„ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:10
So you can come on over to my website and get it straight to your email.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซๆฅใฆ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใซ็›ดๆŽฅๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
07:14
Just click on the link below or the card right here somewhere,
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ไธ‹ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใพใŸใฏใ“ใ“ใฎใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใง ใ€
07:18
and you can start practicing.
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚„ใ‚Œใฐ
07:20
Remember, the more you do it, the better it gets.
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ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใปใฉ่‰ฏใใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
07:23
You need to develop muscle memory.
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ใƒžใƒƒใ‚นใƒซใƒกใƒขใƒชใƒผใ‚’้–‹็™บใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:24
So it's all about repetition until you make it your own.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใพใงใฏ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:28
And you can make it your own.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:30
You just need to know what to do.
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ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:32
And remember, don't be afraid to make mistakes.
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ใใ—ใฆ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ๆใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:34
That's the only way to learn.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅญฆใถๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:36
Speak up and practice.
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ๅฃฐใซๅ‡บใ—ใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
07:38
Have a wonderful week, and I will see you next week in the next video.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไธ€้€ฑ้–“ใ‚’ใŠ้Žใ”ใ—ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆฅ้€ฑใฏๆฌกใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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