How to use English Modal Verbs | Possibility & Probability

1,507,059 views ใƒป 2018-06-21

mmmEnglish


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:08
Hello I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” mmmEnglish์˜ ์— ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:11
So tell me,
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๋งํ•ด๋ด,
00:12
what type of words are these?
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด์•ผ?
00:20
They're modal verbs.
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
Now, I've been getting lots of questions
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์ž, ์š”์ฆ˜ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
00:25
about modal verbs from you lately
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00:27
so, I'm going to share some useful tips
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, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ํŒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:30
to help you use them a little more
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00:32
effectively when you're speaking English.
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.
00:35
Now, these modal verbs are auxiliary verbs,
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
00:38
just like be, do and have
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be, do, have์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
00:41
because they work together with a main verb.
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์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
You always have a modal verb with a main verb
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
00:48
and the main verb that follows is always
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์žˆ๊ณ  ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ
00:51
in the bare infinitive form - without to.
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to ์—†์ด ์›ํ˜• โ€‹โ€‹๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
I could go..
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I could go..
00:57
You should take...
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You should take...
00:59
They would like...
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They would like...
01:02
Paul may borrow...
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Paul may borrow...
01:05
Now, these modal verbs are used in English
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์ž, ์ด ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:08
to express something.
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.
01:10
They have a purpose!
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
01:12
So, we need to try and understand that purpose today.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
Now, they can be used to talk about
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์—ฐ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:19
possibility and probability.
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.
01:22
To talk about how likely something is.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋‹ค.
01:26
Now, remember you're always using that modal verb
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์ž, ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
01:29
with a main verb.
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.
01:30
So, how likely is it that that action will happen?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
01:36
Are you certain?
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ํ™•์‹คํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?
01:37
You're sure. You're confident that will happen.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
Is it probable?
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:43
Is it likely to happen?
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์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:46
Is there a good chance it will happen?
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์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‚˜์š”?
01:51
Is it possible?
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:53
Or is it unlikely?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:55
Now, in all of these situations
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
01:58
you can use a modal verb to explain how certain you are
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
02:02
that something will happen,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ์ง€, ์–ด๋–ค
02:04
how possible something is.
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์ผ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
Now, these same modal verbs can also be used
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
02:10
to explain 'ability'.
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'๋Šฅ๋ ฅ'์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
So, how able you are to do something.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
They can be used to ask permission, make requests
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๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ , ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:19
and offer help.
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๋„์›€์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
In fact there's quite a few different uses
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฝค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
02:24
so I'm going to split this lesson in two.
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
And I'm doing this because I want to take this slowly.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
I don't want you to feel overwhelmed and confused,
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๋‹นํ™ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ 
02:34
so let's just take one step at a time.
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์œผ๋‹ˆ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ์”ฉ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์ž.
02:37
In this lesson,
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ๋Š”
02:38
I'll talk about how we use modal verbs to talk about
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ, ๊ฐœ์—ฐ์„ฑ, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:41
certainty, probability and possibility.
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02:46
So, this is how likely something is to happen.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
Or, if it's possible at all!
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด!
02:54
And the next lesson
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜์—…์€
02:55
will focus on ability and the other uses.
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๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฉ๋„์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
So, try not to worry about them right now.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
03:01
But, make sure that if you're not a subscriber
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๋…์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
03:05
you click that red button and subscribe so that
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๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์—ฌ
03:08
you find out when that next lesson is available.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
03:12
Okay so let's start with probability,
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
how likely something is to happen.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
Now, we use 'will' to talk about the future,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ 'will'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:23
when we're confident that something will happen.
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03:27
We believe it. We're certain it's true.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
The sun will rise tomorrow.
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๋‚ด์ผ์€ ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋œฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
(I'm) pretty sure that will happen.
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(์ €๋Š”) ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
Ashley will be late.
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์• ์Š๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Šฆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
03:40
Well... She's always late
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์Œ... ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ
03:41
so I definitely believe that to be true!
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
03:45
If you don't take a jumper, you will get cold.
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์ ํผ ์•ˆ์ž…์œผ๋ฉด ์ถ”์›Œ์š”.
03:49
It's freezing out there!
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๋ฐ–์ด ๊ฝ๊ฝ ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”!
03:52
You'll also hear 'will' used
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๋˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ์•ˆ์‹ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” 'will'์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:54
to give reassurance when you want to confirm
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03:57
that something is true.
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03:59
You know when your mum tells you
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์—„๋งˆ๊ฐ€
04:01
"You will pass the exam. Don't worry!"
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"๋„ˆ ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ• ๊ฑฐ์•ผ. ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€๋งˆ!"
04:04
even though you're really not sure that's true.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ์ง€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„.
04:08
She's using 'will' to tell you that she's confident,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 'will'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹  ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:11
she believes in you.
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๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
When you're upset,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์†์ƒํ•  ๋•Œ,
04:15
your friends tell you "It will be okay".
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ "๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„๊ฑฐ์•ผ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
04:19
They're confident,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด ๋„˜์น˜๊ณ 
04:21
they believe that everything will be okay.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž˜ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
Now if you're certain
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์ด์ œ
04:26
that something is not going to happen,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
04:29
use 'will not' or' 'won't'.
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'will not' ๋˜๋Š” 'won't'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
If they walk, they won't arrive in time.
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๊ฑธ์œผ๋ฉด ์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
It's too far!
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฉ€๋‹ค!
04:37
I'm certain that that won't happen.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
We also use 'must' when we are confident
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์‹  ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ 'must'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:43
and sure of something that is happening in the present.
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.
04:48
And usually we have a reason or an explanation
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณดํ†ต ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
04:52
to tell us why something is happening.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
The baby's crying. He must be hungry.
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์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์šธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํŒŒ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
I thought Sarah would be here by now.
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์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฏค ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์„ ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ.
05:04
She must be stuck in traffic.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต ์ฒด์ฆ์— ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
They didn't eat any of the meat.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋„ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
They must be vegetarian.
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์ฑ„์‹์ฃผ์˜์ž์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
Notice how I've given a reason
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
05:16
for all of these examples to show why I believe
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๋ฏฟ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
05:20
something to be true
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05:21
and it's quite common when you're using 'must'.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ '๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
It explains that you are
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
05:26
quite confident about the statement
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๊ทธ ์ง„์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:28
and you're able to give a reason to explain
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์žˆ๊ณ 
05:32
why you're so sure.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ๋•Œ
05:35
To use 'must' to talk about the past
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'must'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
05:37
when you're quite sure that something happened,
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05:41
then use 'must have'.
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'must have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
05:44
After flying for 36 hours, you must have felt exhausted.
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36์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋น„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค ์ง€์ณค์„ ํ…๋ฐ.
05:51
I thought I'd do better in the exam.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
I must have been really nervous.
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์ •๋ง ๊ธด์žฅํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:56
Jack's not here right now. He must have thought
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์žญ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š”
05:59
that you were meeting him downstairs.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•„๋ž˜์ธต์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
Now see how this creates the perfect tense.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:06
The main verb following 'have'
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have ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
06:09
is in the past participle form.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ˜•์ด๋‹ค.
06:11
So when talking about the present or the future,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
06:15
'must' is followed by the bare infinitive form
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'must' ๋’ค์— ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌํ˜•์ด ์˜ค์ง€๋งŒ,
06:18
but when talking about the past,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
06:21
'must' is followed by 'have'
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must' ๋’ค์— 'have'
06:23
and the past participle verb form.
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์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ˜•์ด ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
And this pattern is true for many of the modal verbs
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํŒจํ„ด์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋งŽ์€ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์— ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:29
that we'll talk about today.
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.
06:32
We use 'should' to say that something is likely.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'should'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
We're not a hundred percent certain
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100% ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
06:39
but we believe it to be true.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
They left an hour ago,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „์— ๋– ๋‚ฌ๊ณ 
06:44
they should be here by now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ฏค ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
If they take the car, they should arrive by three.
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋ฉด 3์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋„์ฐฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
To talk about the past, we use 'should have'.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” 'should have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
It's the same pattern.
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๊ฐ™์€ ํŒจํ„ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
I didn't realise he was unwell.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ชธ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋‹ค.
07:00
We should have offered to take him to the doctor.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
The school knew Sam was going to be late.
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ํ•™๊ต๋Š” Sam์ด ์ง€๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
They should have called her mother.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
Now let's talk possibility.
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:13
So if you're making really general statements
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:16
about something that is possible,
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07:19
use 'can'.
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'can'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
07:21
People can be really rude.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
Be careful because it can be
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07:25
quite dangerous on the streets at night.
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๋ฐค๊ธธ์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ• 
07:29
It can be really hard to find a speaking partner
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๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:32
to practise English with.
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. ๊ทธ ์‚ฐ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜์ดํ‚นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ
07:35
It can take over twelve hours
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12์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:37
to hike through those mountains.
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.
07:40
Now these are all general statements,
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ์ด๋ฉฐ
07:42
they're not specific.
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
I'm saying these statements are possible
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง„์ˆ ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ 
07:46
but I'm not saying exactly what is happening.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
Now, in this context
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์ž, ์ด ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์—์„œ
07:52
'could' is used as the past tense of 'can'.
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'could'๋Š” 'can'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
I remember winters in London.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ๊ฒจ์šธ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•œ๋‹ค.
07:59
Weeks could go by without ever seeing the sun!
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๋ช‡ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–‘์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
08:04
So when we're uncertain or unsure about the present
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ
08:07
and the future,
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08:09
we use the modal verbs 'could'
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ 'could' '
08:12
'might' and 'may'.
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might' ๋ฐ 'may'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
They explain that something is possible
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
08:17
but not certain or guaranteed.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
If you wait near the door on Lewis Street,
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Lewis Street์˜ ๋ฌธ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
08:23
you could see the Prime minister leaving.
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์ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
They might arrive before lunch.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ ์‹ฌ ์ „์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
But I'm not sure.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
I may need to borrow your car.
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๋„ค ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ ค์•ผ ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ.
08:35
Now 'might' and 'may' here are very similar.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 'might'์™€ 'may'๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
There is a very slight difference between the two
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08:42
in that 'might' tells us that the outcome
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'might'๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€
08:45
is a little bit less likely.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋‘˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
But the truth is that ninety-nine percent of native English
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์˜ 99%๊ฐ€
08:52
speakers don't even realise this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
So you don't need to worry about the difference at all.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
When used in spoken English, you can use either
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๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
09:02
when talking about possibility.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
Just consider them to be the same.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
09:08
We may go on a holiday in September.
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9์›”์— ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
We might go on holiday in September.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 9์›”์— ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
Close enough!
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด!
09:17
The meaning of this sentence is so similar
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌ
09:20
but the second one suggests that it's a little less likely
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
- that's all!
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
09:26
We can also use 'could' to explain that we are
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ 'could'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
09:29
uncertain or unsure about the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
It could rain this afternoon.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜คํ›„์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
It might rain this afternoon.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜คํ›„์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
It may rain this afternoon.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜คํ›„์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
Now all of these sentences tell us that it's possible
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
09:47
but not certain.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
There is a chance that it will happen.
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์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
Simon could arrive before us.
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Simon์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
Simon might arrive before us.
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์‚ฌ์ด๋จผ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ๋„์ฐฉํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
Simon may arrive before us.
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์‚ฌ์ด๋จผ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ๋„์ฐฉํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
Now these examples
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋Š”
10:04
all talk about the present or the future.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
And the modal verb is followed
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—๋Š”
10:11
by the bare infinitive verb form.
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์›ํ˜• ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
But now,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ
10:16
we'll go into the past, back in time.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
Then we use these same modal verbs with 'have'
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ 'have'
10:24
followed by the past participle verb
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๋’ค์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
10:27
so suddenly we're using the present perfect tense.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
They might have finished dinner by now.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ฏค ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ณค์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
I'm worried. Something could have happened to Sara.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฑ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
Okay so that was talking about possibility.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
Now,
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์ด์ œ
10:46
let's focus on
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10:48
impossibility - when something is not possible,
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์ž. ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๋•Œ,
10:52
when we know that something is unlikely to happen.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ๋•Œ.
10:56
The chances of it happening are
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€
10:58
really, really, really small.
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์ •๋ง, ์ •๋ง, ์ •๋ง ์ž‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
When we think that something is impossible,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ
11:03
we use the negative forms of 'can' and 'could'.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'can'๊ณผ 'could'์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
You can't be serious!
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
11:10
It's not possible. I don't believe you!
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค!
11:14
Now this expression is often used after someone
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์ด์ œ ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
11:17
says something that you just don't believe.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ข…์ข… ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
When we think that what is said
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๋งํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด
11:22
is very unlikely to be true.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ.
11:25
When we told them they'd won,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฒผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
11:27
they couldn't believe it!
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
11:30
He said he was in a band called 'Meatball'!
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๋ฏธํŠธ๋ณผ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐด๋“œ์— ์†ํ•ด์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”!
11:33
He couldn't have been serious.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
So when spoken, these negative forms
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š”
11:40
are usually contracted.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ•์†Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
Can't.
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์บ”ํŠธ.
11:45
Couldn't.
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
And couldn't've.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
Now you will never see this last one
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด์ค‘ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง„ ์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
11:54
written as a double contraction
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11:56
but you will hear it spoken.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
Couldn't've.
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
You will hear people pronounce
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12:03
the full negative form though
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12:06
especially to add emphasis,
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:08
to make the meaning stronger.
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์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์™„์ „ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
That cannot be true!
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
12:13
You can make it even more dramatic
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12:15
by stressing every single word.
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๋‹จ์–ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋”์šฑ ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆํ‹ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
That can not be true!
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ!
12:22
Okay so let's summarise now.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
If you are certain about something use 'will'
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™•์‹ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด 'will'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
12:29
or use 'won't' if you are certain that something
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด 'won't'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”
12:33
is impossible.
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.
12:35
Now if you're confident about something and you have
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™•์‹ ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„
12:37
a reason for believing that
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๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:40
use 'must' or 'should'.
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'must' ๋˜๋Š” 'should'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
12:43
If you're talking about something generally
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:45
that's possible, use 'can'.
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'can'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
12:48
If you are not certain but it's possible
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ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:52
use 'might', 'may' or 'could'.
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'might', 'may' ๋˜๋Š” 'could'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
12:55
So remember that there are different meanings
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ต
12:58
for all of these modal verbs
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13:00
and we're going to talk about these more in the next lesson.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
Well I hope that you enjoyed that lesson!
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‚œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ฆ๊ฒผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
13:06
I hope you feel a little more confident
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13:09
using modal verbs to talk about
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
13:11
possibility and probability.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ™•๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
Now remember that the next lesson will talk about
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š”
13:17
how these modal verbs can be used
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
13:20
for ability, to ask for permission,
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๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ์š”์ฒญ,
13:23
to give suggestions and ask for advice.
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์ œ์•ˆ ์ œ๊ณต ๋ฐ ์กฐ์–ธ ์š”์ฒญ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
13:27
But for now, keep practising with these lessons
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ด ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ๊ณ„์† ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋ฉด
13:31
and I will be back again next week
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ ˆ์Šจ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:34
with a new lesson for you.
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.
13:36
Thanks for watching I'll see you again soon.
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์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๋งŒ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
Bye for now!
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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