3 Simple Pronunciation Tips ๐Ÿ˜Ž Past Tense English Verbs

703,130 views ใƒป 2018-08-16

mmmEnglish


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:07
Well hello! I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
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์•ˆ๋…•! ๋‚˜๋Š” mmmEnglish์˜ Emma์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:11
Today I want to share an important tip
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:14
to help you improve your English pronunciation.
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์˜์–ด ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
Actually, I'll share a couple of tips but they all relate
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
to the pronunciation of past tense regular verbs.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ ์ •๊ทœ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ์—.
00:26
Now the spelling of regular verbs is easy!
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์ด์ œ ์ •๊ทœ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฒ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:30
You just take the regular verb and you add a D or an -ed
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ •๊ทœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  D ๋˜๋Š” -ed๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:36
to the end of the infinitive form.
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋.
00:39
So some examples:
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
'want' becomes 'wanted'
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'์›ํ•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” '์›ํ•˜๋‹ค'
00:42
'asked' becomes 'asked'
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'์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” '์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๋‹ค'
00:45
and 'rain' becomes 'rained'.
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'rain'์€ 'rained'๊ฐ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
Or if the verb actually ends in a Y, then usually
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๋˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ Y๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณดํ†ต
00:53
we replace that Y with an I and then add -ed
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Y๋ฅผ I๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  -ed๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:58
'spied' and 'replied'
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'์Šคํ”ผํ‚น ๋œ'๋ฐ '์‘๋‹ต ๋œ'
01:02
But the pronunciation of these simple verbs
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ
01:06
is not quite that simple
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:07
but that's okay we're going to spend some time today
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:11
going over three simple rules
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋„˜์–ด
01:13
that you need to remember to help you pronounce
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๋ฐœ์Œ์— ๋„์›€์ด๋˜๋„๋ก ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:15
these verbs correctly.
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์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ.
01:17
But before we get started, I want to ask you a question.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
Have you subscribed to the mmmEnglish channel yet?
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mmmEnglish ์ฑ„๋„์„ ์•„์ง ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:26
Yes?
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์˜ˆ?
01:27
Awesome!
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๋Œ€๋ฐ•!
01:28
Make sure you let me know in the comments
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๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”
01:30
so that I can give you a virtual high five
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๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ํ•˜์ด ํŒŒ์ด๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
01:33
just to thank you for support.
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์ง€์›ํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
If you haven't subscribed yet, it's so simple!
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์•„์ง ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
01:40
All you need to do is hit that red button just down there.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜์—์žˆ๋Š” ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
And one more thing, if you haven't watched my lesson
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋”, ๋‚ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
01:49
about irregular verbs yet,
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๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ง
01:51
I'm going to put it up here for you.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋†“๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
Since we're talking about regular verbs in this lesson,
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์ •๊ทœ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:57
it will be helpful to compare the pronunciation
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๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:00
between regular verbs and irregular verbs.
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์ •๊ทœ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด.
02:03
So check it out after you watch this lesson.
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ํ›„์— ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
02:07
Okay past tense regular verbs.
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์‹œ์ œ ์ •๊ทœ ๋™์‚ฌ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ.
02:10
So for regular verbs, the form is the same
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๊ทœ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:13
in the past simple and the past participle forms.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ.
02:17
Handy, right?
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ํ•ธ๋””?
02:18
The first thing that you need to know
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ
02:20
is that there are actually three different ways
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:23
to pronounce the -ed at the end of a past tense verb.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋์— -ed๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
Three.
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์„ธ.
02:31
/ษชd/
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/ ษชd /
02:32
/d/
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/๋””/
02:34
and /t/
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  / t /
02:36
The good news is there are three simple rules
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:40
to remember that will help you to pronounce
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๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:42
these words correctly.
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ.
02:44
Firstly -ed can be pronounced as /ษชd/
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๋จผ์ € -ed๋Š” / ษชd /๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
so this is an unstressed vowel sound and it creates an
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ด๋ฉฐ
02:51
extra syllable which is always unstressed.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์Œ์ ˆ.
02:54
So the sound is short and it's low in pitch.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์งง๊ณ  ์Œ๋†’์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
And it's pronounced like this when the regular verb,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๊ทœ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์Œ ๋  ๋•Œ
03:03
in its infinitive form, ends in a T or a D sound.
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๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ T ๋˜๋Š” D ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ๋กœ ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
'need' becomes 'needed'
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'ํ•„์š”'๋Š” 'ํ•„์š”'๊ฐ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:13
'last' becomes 'lasted'
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'๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰'์€ '์ง€์†์ '์ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:16
'plead' becomes 'pleaded'
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'plead'๋Š” 'pleaded'๊ฐ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:20
'accept' becomes 'accepted'
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'์ˆ˜๋ฝ'์ด '์ˆ˜๋ฝ ๋จ'์ด ๋จ
03:24
'waste' becomes 'wasted'
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'ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ'์€ 'ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ'์ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:27
and 'wait' becomes 'waited'
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'wait'๋Š” 'waited'๊ฐ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:32
Okay so these ones are kind of simple,
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
the extra unstressed vowel sound makes them
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์—ฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
03:38
quite easy to pronounce.
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๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
'waited'
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'๋Œ€๊ธฐ'
03:42
'needed
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'ํ•„์š”
03:44
The other two ways to pronounce the past tense
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
03:47
regular form don't include that vowel sound
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:51
which means that it doesn't create this extra syllable
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์ด ์Œ์ ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
and it does create a cluster of consonants
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์ž์Œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:59
at the end of the word and as many of you know,
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๋ง์”€์˜ ๋์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด
04:02
a cluster of consonants,
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์ž์Œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ
04:04
that's a group of consonants, can often be
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์Œ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ข…์ข…
04:07
really quite difficult to pronounce.
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๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
So let's take a closer look.
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์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
When a verb in its infinitive form ends in a voiced
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์Œ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
04:18
consonant sound, we pronounce the -ed
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์ž์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” -ed๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:21
at the end of the word as /d/
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๋‹จ์–ด ๋์— / d /
04:25
not /ษชd/
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/ ษชd / ์•„๋‹˜
04:26
but /d/
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ / d /
04:29
There's no vowel sound there, right?
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
But what's a voiced consonant sound?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ž์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:35
I can hear you asking.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌป๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
Well I've already got a lesson that explains
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค
04:39
this in more detail right here, but I'll give you
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:42
the short version right now.
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์งง์€ ๋ฒ„์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
These are the voiced consonant sounds.
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์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
/g/ as in good.
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/ g / ์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
04:51
/l/ as in love.
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/ l / ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ ์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ.
04:55
/r/ as in red.
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/ r /๋Š” ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
/v/ as in vet.
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์ˆ˜์˜์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ / v /
05:02
/z/ as in zoo.
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๋™๋ฌผ์›์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด / z /
05:05
/w/ as in well.
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/ w /๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
/n/ as in new.
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/ n / ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
/m/ as in mum.
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์—„๋งˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ / m /.
05:14
/ล‹/ as in sing, the -ng at the end.
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/ ล‹ /๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋์— -ng๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
/รฐ/ as in this.
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ / รฐ /
05:22
/ส’/ as in vision.
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/ ส’ / ๋น„์ „์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด.
05:25
And /dส’/ as in jam.
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์žผ์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด / dส’ /.
05:29
Right so if the infinitive verb
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ผ๋ฉด
05:32
ends in one of these sounds, then the -ed is pronounced
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์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด -ed๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
as /d/
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/ d /๋กœ
05:38
'allow' ending in the /w/ voiced consonant sound
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/ w / ์Œ์„ฑ ์ž์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” 'ํ—ˆ์šฉ'
05:43
becomes 'allowed'
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'ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๋‹ค'
05:46
not 'allow-ed'.
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'ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ'.
05:49
No. This is a really, really common error.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
It's not 'allow-ed'
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'ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'
05:53
but 'allowed'.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 'ํ—ˆ์šฉ'.
05:56
It's not 'sai-led'
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'์„ธ์ผ๋ง'์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:59
but 'sailed'
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ '์„ธ์ผ๋ง'
06:02
'waved'
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'ํ”๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค'
06:04
'rained'
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'๋น„'
06:06
'rubbed'
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'๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅธ'
06:08
'loved'
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'์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”'
06:11
'gazed'
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'์‘์‹œ'
06:14
'judged'
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'์‹ฌํŒ'
06:16
Okay so a quick note on my Australian accent.
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๋‚ด ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ์–ต์–‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
In Australia, we don't pronounce
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ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:21
the final /r/ consonant sound
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ / r / ์ž์Œ
06:24
when it follows a vowel sound.
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๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ๋•Œ
06:26
So this is the same
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:28
for standard British English pronunciation.
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ํ‘œ์ค€ ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด ๋ฐœ์Œ.
06:30
You can learn more about the differences in accents
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์•…์„ผํŠธ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:34
in this video here where I talk about the differences
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์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
between American and British English.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์ด.
06:41
But this difference in pronunciation, it doesn't affect
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
the pronunciation rules for past tense regular verbs
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ ์ •๊ทœ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์Œ ๊ทœ์น™
06:49
because vowel sounds are also voiced sounds
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๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
just like the /r/ sound.
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/ r / ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ.
06:57
So regardless of whether you pronounce the /r/ or not,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ / r / ๋ฐœ์Œ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด
07:02
the -ed will be pronounced as a /d/ sound
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-ed๋Š” / d / ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:07
like 'feared' and 'feared'.
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'๋‘๋ ค์›€'๊ณผ '๋‘๋ ค์›€'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
07:12
That's again my excellent, excellent American accent
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ €์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์–ต์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:18
but this also means that if a regular verb
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ •๊ทœ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
07:21
ends in a vowel sound like 'spy' for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด '์ŠคํŒŒ์ด'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
then the -ed is pronounced as a /d/ as well.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ -ed๋Š” / d /๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
'spied' not 'spy-ed'
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'์ŠคํŒŒ์ด'๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ '์ŠคํŒŒ์ด'
07:34
Okay rule number three.
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์•Œ์•˜์–ด ๊ทœ์น™ 3 ๋ฒˆ
07:35
When a verb in it's infinitive form ends in an unvoiced
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๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฌด์„ฑ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:41
consonant sound, we pronounce the -ed as a /t/
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์ž์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” -ed๋ฅผ / t /๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:46
so not /ษชd/, not /d/
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ / ษชd /๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ / d /๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
but /t/
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ / t /
07:54
So that is an unvoiced sound.
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๋ฌด์„ฑ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
So again there's no vowel sound, it's a single consonant
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ชจ์Œ ์Œ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
sound that is added to the end of the infinitive verb form
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ
08:06
so some of the unvoiced consonant sounds are
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๋ฌด์„ฑ์Œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š”
08:10
/p/ in tape
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ํ…Œ์ดํ”„์—์„œ / p /
08:13
/s/ in face
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์–ผ๊ตด์— / s /
08:16
/ch/ in watch
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์‹œ๊ณ„์—์„œ / ch /
08:20
/sh/ in wash
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์„ธ์ฒ™์‹œ / sh /
08:23
/f/ in laugh
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์›ƒ์œผ๋ฉฐ / f /
08:26
Now this can be a little tricky when the verb form
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๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ ์ผ ๋•Œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
already has a cluster of consonants at the end
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋์— ์ž์Œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:32
like the /sk/ in 'ask' or the /ks/ in 'relax'
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'ask'์˜ / sk / ๋˜๋Š” 'relax'์˜ / ks /์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
08:39
So 'ask' becomes 'asked',
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โ€˜์š”์ฒญโ€™์€โ€˜์š”์ฒญโ€™์ด๋˜๊ณ 
08:43
'relax' becomes 'relaxed'
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'์ด์™„'์€ '์ด์™„'๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:48
so these are a little tricky because they have
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด
08:50
a crazy group of consonants at the end
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๋์— ์ž์Œ์˜ ๋ฏธ์นœ ๊ทธ๋ฃน
08:53
that you've got to try and get your tongue around.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ˜€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
Okay a quick review before we practise.
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์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
If the verb in the infinitive form ends in the sound /t/
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ / t /
09:04
or /d/ it's pronounced /ษชd/
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๋˜๋Š” / d / ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด / ษชd /
09:08
If the verb in the infinitive form ends in a voiced sound,
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์Œ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
09:12
then the -ed is pronounced as /d/
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-ed๋Š” / d /๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:17
And if the verb in it's infinitive form, ends in an
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ผ๋ฉด
09:20
unvoiced sound,
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๋ฌด์„ฑ์Œ,
09:22
then we pronounce the -ed as a /t/ sound.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ -ed๋ฅผ / t / ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
If you want to improve your pronunciation and sound
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๋ฐœ์Œ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋ฉด
09:30
more like a native English speaker,
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์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
09:32
then you really need to work on pronouncing
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ •๋ง ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:35
these past tense verbs correctly.
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์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋“ค.
09:38
They're so simple and so common.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
'wanted'
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'์›ํ•˜๋‹ค'
09:44
'needed'
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'ํ•„์š”'
09:47
'loved'
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'์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”'
09:49
'sailed'
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'์„ธ์ผ๋ง'
09:52
'asked'
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'์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๋‹ค'
09:53
'laughed'
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'์›ƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค'
09:58
Okay, so before we finish,
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์ข‹์•„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์ „์—
10:00
let's practise with a few sentences because it's easy
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์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋กœ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค
10:05
to practise these words when they're on their own, right?
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•  ๋•Œ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ์Šต ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
It's much more of a challenge when spoken quickly
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ณผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:13
in a sentence, right?
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ, ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:20
Have you noticed the verbs here?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„ ์ฐจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:23
And have you been thinking about
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
10:24
the correct way to pronounce them?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•?
10:27
'hated'
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'์ฆ์˜ค'
10:30
'wasted'
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'์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ„'
10:32
'starved'
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๊ตถ์ฃผ๋ฆฐ
10:37
She hated to see good food wasted while others starved
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ตถ์ฃผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
What verbs can you see there?
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์–ด๋–ค ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:58
'waited'
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'๋Œ€๊ธฐ'
11:00
'sailed'
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'์„ธ์ผ๋ง'
11:03
'laughed'
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'์›ƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค'
11:06
'realised'
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'์‹คํ˜„ ๋œ'
11:09
'escaped'
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'ํƒˆ์ถœ'
11:12
He waited until the ship sailed away
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ธ๋‹ค
11:15
and then laughed when he realised he had escaped!
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํƒˆ์ถœํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ์›ƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค!
11:21
He waited until the ship sailed away
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ธ๋‹ค
11:23
and then laughed when he realised he had escaped!
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํƒˆ์ถœํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ์›ƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค!
11:27
Last one.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
11:32
'misjudged'
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'์ž˜๋ชป ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค'
11:34
'seemed'
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'๋ณด์ธ'
11:36
'phoned'
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'์ „ํ™”'
11:39
I think I misjudged his character.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ž˜๋ชป ํŒ๋‹จํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
He seemed pleasant and professional
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์œ ์พŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค
11:43
when I phoned him yesterday.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ œ ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
11:48
I think I misjudged his character.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ž˜๋ชป ํŒ๋‹จํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
He seemed pleasant and professional
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์œ ์พŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค
11:53
when I phoned him yesterday.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ œ ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
11:57
Well that's it for this lesson I'm afraid.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๋Š”์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
I hope that you've learned a couple of new
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:03
pronunciation tips and that you are feeling
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๋ฐœ์Œ ํŒ๊ณผ ๋Š๋‚Œ
12:06
more confident and sounding more natural
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๋” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ
12:09
when you're using English.
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ
12:12
To keep practising and improving
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๊ณ„์† ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
12:14
your English pronunciation, then come and try one of my
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜์–ด ๋ฐœ์Œ, ์™€์„œ ๋‚ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„
12:18
imitation lessons right here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ ์ˆ˜์—….
12:20
That's where you'll get to train by copying
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ณต์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:24
a native English speaker as they speak.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ.
12:27
And of course, subscribe to my channel just down here
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‚ด ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
12:31
if you haven't already
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•„์งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
12:33
and I'll see you next week for another lesson.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด see๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
Bye for now!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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