Compare ALL English Conditional Sentences (with examples!)

295,609 views ใƒป 2023-07-06

mmmEnglish


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Well, hey there. I'm Emma from mmmEnglish.
0
210
3810
ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใใ“ใซใ‚‚ใ€‚ mmmEnglish ใฎใ‚จใƒžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:04
Today we are going to go through everything you need to know about English
1
4260
4830
ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™
00:09
conditionals. We'll cover the zero conditional, the first conditional,
2
9120
4470
ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ 1 ใคใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ€ใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ€
00:13
the second, the third,
3
13860
2310
2 ็•ช็›ฎใ€3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ€
00:16
and mixed conditional sentences all here in this one lesson.
4
16290
4230
ใŠใ‚ˆใณๆททๅˆๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆใ‚ซใƒใƒผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:20
So there's a fair bit to cover, but by the end of this lesson,
5
20610
4050
ใ‚ซใƒใƒผใ™ในใๅ†…ๅฎนใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใพใงใซใ€
00:24
you are going to have everything you need to know about English conditional
6
24660
3870
่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใฏใ™ในใฆ็ฟ’ๅพ—ใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
00:28
sentences. Plus,
7
28530
1380
ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ™ในใฆใ‚’
00:29
I've made you a complete workbook that you can download and use to practise
8
29910
4650
ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใงใใ‚‹ๅฎŒๅ…จใชใƒฏใƒผใ‚ฏใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
00:34
everything you learn in this lesson.
9
34680
1770
ใ€‚
00:36
It's completely free so that you can study and practise to your heart's content.
10
36540
4800
ๅฎŒๅ…จ็„กๆ–™ใชใฎใงใ€ๆ€ใ†ๅญ˜ๅˆ†ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ‚Š็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:41
Just follow the link down in the description.
11
41670
2310
่ชฌๆ˜Žๅ†…ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:44
But what I recommend is that you stay right here,
12
44130
4140
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ็•™ใพใ‚Šใ€
00:48
you get your notebook out, stay focused,
13
48630
2970
ใƒŽใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใ€้›†ไธญๅŠ›ใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ—ใ€
00:51
and you do your best to stay with me through the whole lesson.
14
51690
3990
ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆœ€ๅ–„ใ‚’ๅฐฝใใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:55
I know it's long, I know it's hard,
15
55950
2040
้•ทใใฆ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
00:58
but after that you can go and take the quiz to test what you know and also
16
58650
4830
ใŒใ€ใใฎๅพŒใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
01:03
find out which conditional sentences you might need to review and practise
17
63480
4680
ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆๅ†ๅบฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
01:08
again. Are you ready? Let's dive in.
18
68160
2670
ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ•ใ‚ใ€้ฃ›ใณ่พผใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚Hey
01:11
Meet English speaking friends with Hey Lady!
19
71520
2520
Lady ใง่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ๅ‹้”ใซไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†!
01:14
an online community connecting women around the world through English.
20
74370
4110
่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’้€šใ˜ใฆไธ–็•Œไธญใฎๅฅณๆ€งใ‚’็น‹ใใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ€‚
01:18
We make it easy for you to meet fantastic English speaking partners from
21
78780
4410
็งใŸใกใฏใ€ๅฅณๆ€งๅฐ‚็”จใฎๆธฉใ‹ใๅฎ‰ๅ…จใช็’ฐๅขƒใงใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ›ฝใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใƒŠใƒผใจ็ฐกๅ˜ใซๅ‡บไผšใ„ใ€
01:23
different countries to practise speaking English with regularly in the
22
83190
4590
ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ฉฑใ™็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
01:27
warmth and the safety of a women only environment.
23
87780
3540
ใ€‚
01:31
To learn more about what we do,
24
91980
1530
ๅฝ“็คพใฎๆดปๅ‹•ใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€
01:33
just click the link down in the description below.
25
93570
2430
ไปฅไธ‹ใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:37
The zero conditional is also called the factual or the real conditional
26
97740
4680
ใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฏใ€
01:42
because we use it to talk about truths and facts,
27
102450
4260
็œŸๅฎŸใ‚„ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ€ใคใพใ‚Šไธ–็•Œใซๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ไบ‹ๅฎŸๆกไปถๆ–‡ใพใŸใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใจใ‚‚ๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™
01:46
things that are real in the world.
28
106720
3020
ใ€‚
01:50
We also use it to talk about habits and rules and to give
29
110160
4710
ใพใŸใ€็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‚„ใƒซใƒผใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
01:54
instructions that are the result of something else happening first.
30
114870
4740
ๅ…ˆใซไฝ•ใ‹ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ็ตๆžœใจใ—ใฆๆŒ‡็คบใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚‚ใ“ใฎ่จ€่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:59
So in other words, if this happens,
31
119670
3570
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ†ใชใฃใŸใ‚‰
02:03
then this is the result. Always. Okay?
32
123660
4860
็ตๆžœใฏใ“ใ†ใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:08
It's a fact. It's the truth. It's just how it is.
33
128550
4020
ใใ‚Œใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใ ใ€‚ ใพใ•ใซใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
02:12
It's what happens. Let's take a closer look at what it looks like
34
132570
3930
ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใชใฎใง่ฉณใ—ใ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
02:16
because it's really simple.
35
136680
3060
ใ€‚
02:20
We use the present simple in both clauses. Now,
36
140490
4620
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎ็ฏ€ใงใ‚‚็พๅœจๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€
02:25
why does it say if or when can be used in the
37
145170
4710
ใชใœ if ๅฅใง if ใพใŸใฏ when ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
02:29
if clause? That's a good question. In the zero conditional,
38
149880
4860
? ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถใงใฏใ€
02:34
you can use either if or when in the if clause.
39
154740
4710
if ๅฅใง if ใพใŸใฏ when ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:39
And the meaning with either word is pretty similar,
40
159750
3870
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‹ใชใ‚Šไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™
02:43
but we use if when there is a chance that the action will happen,
41
163920
4110
ใŒใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€่ตทใ“ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซ if ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
02:48
but it might not happen as well. Okay? If it does happen,
42
168270
4020
ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎ
02:52
then we know exactly what the result will be. If I work out, I feel healthier.
43
172590
4890
็ตๆžœใŒใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏๆญฃ็ขบใซใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ้‹ๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅๅบทใซใชใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:58
So I work out and the result is pretty obvious. When I do work out,
44
178930
4620
ใใ‚Œใง็งใฏใƒฏใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใฎ็ตๆžœใฏ ้žๅธธใซๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒฏใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š
03:03
I feel healthier, I feel better about myself. It's true,
45
183610
4110
ๅฅๅบทใซใชใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซใคใ„ใฆๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ˆใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™
03:08
but that doesn't mean that I do it all the time, right?
46
188560
2970
ใŒใ€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใ„ใฃใฆใ„ใคใ‚‚ใใ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:11
I don't always feel healthy,
47
191530
2250
03:13
especially if I don't work out. We use when we know for
48
193840
4950
็‰นใซ้‹ๅ‹•ใ—ใชใ„ใจใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅฅๅบทใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ็ขบๅฎŸใซใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
03:18
sure that that action is going to happen.
49
198790
2250
ใ€‚
03:21
We might not know exactly when it's going to happen, but we know that it will.
50
201460
3750
ใใ‚ŒใŒใ„ใค่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏๆญฃ็ขบใซใฏๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ†ใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:25
Okay? When I work out, I feel healthier.
51
205510
3630
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ้‹ๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅฅๅบทใซใชใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:29
So I've removed the possibility that it's not going to happen.
52
209710
3300
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏๆŽ’้™คใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:33
There's no question about it. I will work out the specific time. Doesn't matter.
53
213190
4920
ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ็–‘ๅ•ใฎไฝ™ๅœฐใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ้–ขไฟ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
03:38
We just know that it's going to happen in the future.
54
218170
2580
็งใŸใกใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฐ†ๆฅ็š„ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:40
So it's a subtle difference. Very, very subtle.
55
220750
3780
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅพฎๅฆ™ใช้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅพฎๅฆ™ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:44
And the same difference actually applies in the first conditional.
56
224650
4140
ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅŒใ˜้•ใ„ใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถใซใ‚‚ๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:48
We can use if or when as well in the first conditional, but we'll get to that.
57
228790
4710
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใฏ if ใพใŸใฏ when ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅพŒใปใฉ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:53
Back to forming the zero conditional.
58
233980
2670
ใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถใฎไฝœๆˆใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:56
Let's look at a few examples to help us do that.
59
236650
3090
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:01
When the sun sets, it gets dark.
60
241060
3120
ๆ—ฅใŒๆฒˆใ‚€ใจๆš—ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:04
If you leave milk out, it spoils. If the power goes out,
61
244690
4950
็‰›ไนณใฏๆ”พใฃใฆใŠใใจ่…ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅœ้›ปใ—ใŸใ‚‰
04:09
we can't watch tv.
62
249880
1260
ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:12
So these are all facts and truths right? Now,
63
252310
3240
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚Š็œŸๅฎŸใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€
04:15
what about this sentence. In winter it's cold.
64
255550
4290
ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ๅ†ฌใฏๅฏ’ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:21
Is it a zero conditional sentence? It's a fact.
65
261400
4050
ใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚
04:25
It has the present simple verb,
66
265510
1740
็พๅœจใฎๅ˜็ด”ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
04:28
but it's not a conditional sentence. Can you tell me why
67
268390
3660
ใŒใ€ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใชใœ
04:34
We don't have two clauses? It is a fact,
68
274390
3390
2 ใคใฎๆก้ …ใŒใชใ„ใฎใ‹ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹? ใใ‚Œใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ™
04:37
but we don't have the condition and the result clause.
69
277810
4380
ใŒใ€ๆกไปถใจ็ตๆžœใฎ็ฏ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:42
It's just a present simple sentence.
70
282460
2460
ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹็พๅœจๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:46
But what about now if it's cold, light the fire.
71
286150
4890
ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅฏ’ใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰็ซใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:51
Now we've got a condition and the result,
72
291880
2760
ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ๆกไปถใจ็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:54
and this is a good example of how the zero conditional can be used to give
73
294700
4470
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๆŒ‡็คบใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:59
instructions,
74
299170
1200
05:01
and I'm using the imperative form to do that.
75
301180
3840
็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใŸใ‚ใซๅ‘ฝไปคๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:05
I'm telling you what to do, instructing you.
76
305140
2670
็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใใ‹ใ‚’ไผใˆใ€ๆŒ‡็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:08
We also use the zero conditional to talk about rules.
77
308050
3090
ใƒซใƒผใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:11
Children can swim if an adult is with them,
78
311830
3090
ๅคงไบบใŒไธ€็ท’ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏๆณณใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€
05:15
and we use it to talk about habits. If it's hot,
79
315490
4200
ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆš‘ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ
05:20
I go to the beach. This is something that I usually do. It's a habit, right?
80
320230
4920
ๆตทใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒๆ™ฎๆฎตใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:25
It happens often.
81
325150
1050
ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:26
Can you see how in all of these examples that the two separate parts of the
82
326350
4860
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎไพ‹ใงใ€ๆ–‡ใฎ 2 ใคใฎๅˆฅใ€…ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
05:31
sentence are connected?
83
331210
1800
ๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
05:33
We're stating a fact or a truth in the main clause,
84
333130
3570
ไธป็ฏ€ใงไบ‹ๅฎŸใพใŸใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™
05:36
but it's only possible on the condition that the if
85
336910
4950
ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ if ็ฏ€ใŒๅ‡บ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆกไปถใงใฎใฟๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™
05:41
clause occurs.
86
341860
1230
ใ€‚
05:43
So now we know that the zero conditional is the factual or the real
87
343870
4290
ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถใŒไบ‹ๅฎŸๆกไปถใพใŸใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๆกไปถใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
05:48
conditional. What about the first conditional?
88
348160
3360
ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:53
It's also called the possible conditional. Now,
89
353410
4840
ๅฏ่ƒฝๆกไปถใจใ‚‚ๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
05:58
we're not talking about facts anymore,
90
358280
2100
็งใŸใกใฏใ‚‚ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ€
06:01
things that are absolutely 100% true.
91
361070
3510
็ตถๅฏพใซ 100% ็œŸๅฎŸใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:04
Now we're talking about possible future results.
92
364760
4620
ไปŠใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅฐ†ๆฅ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šๅพ—ใ‚‹็ตๆžœใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:09
They might happen, but they might not happen as well.
93
369470
3150
่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใŒใ€่ตทใ“ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
06:13
So can you guess when it might be useful to use the first conditional a
94
373010
4860
ใงใฏใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ ดๅˆใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ‹ๆŽจๆธฌใงใใพใ™ใ‹
06:17
time when you are thinking about what's possible in the future?
95
377870
3720
?
06:25
We can use it to talk about predictions, superstitions plans,
96
385880
4340
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ไบˆๆธฌใ€่ฟทไฟกใฎ่จˆ็”ปใ€
06:31
promises, offers, suggestions,
97
391250
4200
็ด„ๆŸใ€ๆๆกˆใ€ๆๆกˆใ€
06:35
and warnings.
98
395520
860
่ญฆๅ‘Šใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:37
There's a lot of different ways that we can use the first conditional.
99
397180
3430
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:41
So all of these things talk about what is likely to happen in the
100
401540
4860
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฏใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใใ€่ตทใ“ใ‚Šๅพ—ใ‚‹็ตๆžœใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชžใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
06:46
future, a likely outcome. So in the first conditional,
101
406400
4350
ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถๅผใงใฏใ€
06:50
we're not just using the present simple anymore, right?
102
410750
3420
็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
06:54
Because we're talking about the future. In the if clause,
103
414440
3720
ใ ใฃใฆ็งใŸใกใฏๆœชๆฅใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚ if ็ฏ€ใงใฏ
06:58
we still use a present simple verb,
104
418160
2220
็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
07:00
but in the main clause we use the future tense. Well,
105
420410
4680
ใŒใ€ไธป็ฏ€ใงใฏๆœชๆฅๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใ‚ใ€
07:05
if this thing happens, then this will likely happen.
106
425660
4920
ใ“ใ†ใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใฃใจใ“ใ†ใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
07:10
It will probably happen.
107
430790
1470
ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ†ใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ†
07:12
We can't be absolutely sure you think so
108
432920
3720
ๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ
07:18
If you don't eat now, you'll be hungry later.
109
438440
3300
ใ€ไปŠ้ฃŸในใชใ„ใจๅพŒใงใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:22
If she doesn't call, I'll be annoyed.
110
442760
2640
ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:26
And just like in the zero conditional,
111
446540
2040
ใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
07:28
we can still use if or when in the if clause,
112
448580
3660
if ็ฏ€ใงใ‚‚ if ใพใŸใฏ when ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:32
and it depends on how sure we are that something is going to happen.
113
452240
4080
ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†็ขบไฟกๅบฆใซไพๅญ˜ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:36
And when tells us that we're very,
114
456590
2580
ใใ—ใฆใ€
07:39
very confident that the action in the if clause is going to happen
115
459170
4110
if ็ฏ€ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒๅฎŸ่กŒใ•ใ‚Œใ€
07:43
and the result in the main clause is the most likely outcome
116
463730
4770
ไธป็ฏ€ใฎ็ตๆžœใŒๆ—ฅใŒๆฒˆใ‚€ใจใใซๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎ้ซ˜ใ„็ตๆžœใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ้žๅธธใซ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€
07:49
when the sun sets, it will get cold. Now,
117
469760
3420
ๅฏ’ใใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
07:53
what about this sentence? If aliens arrive on
118
473190
4430
ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฎ‡ๅฎ™ไบบใŒๅœฐ็ƒใซใ‚„ใฃใฆๆฅใŸใ‚‰
07:57
earth, I will greet them. Now, I'll give you a clue.
119
477650
4230
ใ€็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฟŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใŠๆ•™ใˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:01
There is something not quite right about this sentence,
120
481970
4200
ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏไฝ•ใ‹ๆญฃใ—ใใชใ„็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
08:06
something about it sounds strange,
121
486170
2790
ไฝ•ใ‹ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™
08:09
but it has a present simple verb and will with the base verb following.
122
489890
4860
ใŒใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅ‹•่ฉžใจ will ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:14
So it looks right, but this isn't a possible situation.
123
494750
4890
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šๅพ—ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:20
Well, not really.
124
500390
900
ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:23
I could be unintentionally starting a debate about the existence of alien life
125
503270
4980
็งใฏๆ„ๅ›ณใ›ใšใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๅœฐ็ƒๅค–็”Ÿๅ‘ฝไฝ“ใฎๅญ˜ๅœจใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
08:28
right here.
126
508250
833
ใ€‚
08:29
But this is more of a hypothetical situation.
127
509270
4350
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚€ใ—ใ‚ไปฎๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚
08:34
So it would be better to use the second conditional to talk about this
128
514040
4260
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎไปฎๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใซใฏ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
08:38
hypothetical situation.
129
518390
1860
ใ€‚
08:41
So we talked about the zero conditional.
130
521450
2190
ใใ“ใงใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:43
We've talked about the first conditional,
131
523670
2700
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
08:46
but what's the difference between them and why would you choose one over the
132
526430
4230
ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ใชใœไธ€ๆ–นใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
08:50
other? Let's take a look.
133
530660
3360
? ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:55
If you leave the milk out, it spoils.
134
535290
3300
็‰›ไนณใฏๆ”พใฃใฆใŠใใจ่…ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:00
If you leave the milk out,
135
540420
1350
็‰›ไนณใ‚’ๆŠœใ„ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใจใ€
09:02
it will spoil which one's correct.
136
542550
3420
ใฉใฃใกใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใŒๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:07
It's a trick question. They're both correct. They're both possible.
137
547230
3450
ใฒใฃใ‹ใ‘่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚
09:11
But choosing to use the zero or the first conditional does change the
138
551190
4620
ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ‚ผใƒญใพใŸใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
09:15
meaning of the sentence a little. So in the first sentence,
139
555810
4380
ๆ–‡ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏ
09:20
we're stating a general fact. It's true, right?
140
560200
4220
ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
09:24
In general, in life,
141
564780
2100
ไธ€่ˆฌใซใ€
09:27
at any moment when you leave milk out of the fridge,
142
567330
4260
็‰›ไนณใ‚’ๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใ—ใŸใพใพใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚็‰›ไนณใฏ
09:31
it spoils.
143
571860
870
่…ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:32
So I might use the zero conditional to explain to a child that milk
144
572970
4860
ใงใฏใ€็‰›ไนณใฏๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใชใ„ใจ่…ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญไพ›ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใญใ€‚
09:37
spoils when it's not in the fridge, right?
145
577980
2340
09:40
The child didn't know that fact beforehand.
146
580590
2760
ใใฎๅญใฏไบ‹ๅ‰ใซใใฎไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:43
I'm telling them so that they know in the future when I use the first
147
583350
4410
ๅฐ†ๆฅใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ
09:47
conditional sentence,
148
587760
1140
ใ€็พๅœจใฎ็Šถๆณใซ
09:48
I'm telling you about a possible outcome based on the
149
588900
4800
ๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šๅพ—ใ‚‹็ตๆžœใซใคใ„ใฆไผใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไผใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™
09:53
current situation.
150
593700
1140
ใ€‚
09:54
So it's like advice or warning about a present situation,
151
594840
4890
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็พๅœจใฎ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚„่ญฆๅ‘Šใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
09:59
something that is specific. So imagine that you've just made a coffee,
152
599730
4170
ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ€
10:04
you left the milk on the bench,
153
604290
1530
ใƒŸใƒซใ‚ฏใ‚’ใƒ™ใƒณใƒใซ็ฝฎใใ€
10:05
and then you've gone off to the living room to watch some telly.
154
605850
4170
ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใƒชใƒ“ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ ใธ่กŒใฃใŸใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:10
So I'm using the first conditional now to warn you or remind you
155
610260
4320
ใใ“ใงใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€
10:14
about what might happen if you don't put the milk in the fridge.
156
614970
3570
็‰›ไนณใ‚’ๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใซไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ญฆๅ‘Šใ—ใŸใ‚Šๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:18
So I'm not telling you a general life lesson or a fact about life,
157
618810
4860
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชไบบ็”Ÿใฎๆ•™่จ“ใ‚„ไบบ็”Ÿใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’ไผใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:24
you probably already know that milk spoils,
158
624000
2940
็‰›ไนณใŒ่…ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ™ใงใซใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
10:27
but I'm giving you a suggestion or a reminder that you should put it in the
159
627150
4380
ใŒใ€็งใฏ็‰›ไนณใ‚’ๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ในใใ ใจใ„ใ†ๆๆกˆใ‚„ๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
10:31
fridge. Now, let's look at a few more comparisons.
160
631530
3450
ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆฏ”่ผƒใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:36
When the sun sets, it gets cold,
161
636180
2370
ๅคช้™ฝใŒๆฒˆใ‚€ใจๅฏ’ใใชใ‚‹ใ€
10:39
compare it to when the sun sets it will get cold.
162
639180
4500
ๅคช้™ฝใŒๆฒˆใ‚€ใจๅฏ’ใใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฏ”ในใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:45
So I'm using the zero conditional again to talk about a general fact,
163
645120
4470
ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชไบ‹ๅฎŸใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซๅ†ใณใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€
10:49
all right? Around the world in general,
164
649800
2820
ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹? ไธ–็•Œไธญใงไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€
10:53
it gets colder when the sun sets.
165
653160
2610
ๆ—ฅใŒๆฒˆใ‚€ใจๅฏ’ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:56
But if you are about to leave the house and you're wearing just a t-shirt,
166
656670
4170
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฎถใ‚’ๅ‡บใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ T ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ 1 ๆžšใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใฆใ€็งใฏ
11:01
and I might be a little bit worried that you're going to get cold,
167
661230
3510
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฏ’ใใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใจๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€
11:05
then I might use the first conditional sentence to remind you that
168
665220
4290
็งใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:10
in a few hours when the sun sets,
169
670080
1980
ๆ—ฅใŒๆฒˆใ‚€ๆ•ฐๆ™‚้–“ๅพŒใ€
11:12
it's probably going to get cold. And maybe you should bring a jacket.
170
672070
3020
ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฏ’ใใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใจใ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚‚ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใฃใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:15
Let's try one more. If she doesn't call, I'm annoyed.
171
675540
3690
ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใค่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใชใ„ใจใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:21
If she doesn't call, I'll be annoyed.
172
681480
2880
ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:25
So in the first situation,
173
685320
1500
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฏใ€
11:26
the zero conditional is used because it's something that happens a lot, right?
174
686850
4410
้ ป็นใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใฎใงใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
11:31
She often doesn't call, and every time I'm annoyed,
175
691440
3540
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใใ€็งใŒใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใณใซใ€
11:35
every time she doesn't call, I'm annoyed.
176
695070
2010
ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใชใ„ใŸใณใซ็งใ‚‚ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:37
It's a really general statement about how I feel on many occasions.
177
697830
4620
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใŒใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ ด้ขใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:42
In the first conditional example though,
178
702660
2100
ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถไป˜ใไพ‹ใงใฏใ€
11:45
I'm talking about a specific phone call.
179
705240
2340
็‰นๅฎšใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:47
Maybe I'm waiting for a colleague to call. I'm waiting for some information,
180
707910
4860
ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ๅŒๅƒšใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
11:52
information that I need to finish writing my report by the deadline,
181
712790
3560
็ท ใ‚ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šใพใงใซใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็ต‚ใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฟ…่ฆใชๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€
11:56
and she promised to call me this afternoon.
182
716350
2250
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจ็ด„ๆŸใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:59
So I'm not talking about her general calling habits.
183
719650
3210
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้›ป่ฉฑใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:02
I don't always get annoyed with her,
184
722860
1890
็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅฝผๅฅณใซใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
12:05
but I am talking about right now in this moment,
185
725170
3810
ใŒใ€ไปŠใ“ใฎ็žฌ้–“ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€
12:09
I'm worried that my colleague's not going to call,
186
729550
1860
ๅŒๅƒšใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ“ใชใใฆๅฟƒ้…ใงใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใฆ
12:12
and I'm just expressing that it's really annoying
187
732100
4590
ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:16
because I'm trying to finish my report.
188
736990
1890
็งใฎๅ ฑๅ‘Šๆ›ธใ€‚ ็ทด็ฟ’ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใฎใงใ€
12:19
I hope that you're feeling a bit more confident about using the zero and first
189
739510
3930
ใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถๅผใจๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถๅผใฎไฝฟ็”จใซๅฐ‘ใ—่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™
12:23
conditional now because it's time to practise. So what I'm going to
190
743440
4560
ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŒใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€
12:28
do is I'll give you a situation and you're going to have to write
191
748000
4650
ใ‚ใชใŸใซ็Šถๆณใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใซ
12:32
either a zero conditional sentence or a first conditional sentence to go with
192
752770
4560
ไผดใ†ใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‹ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฎ
12:37
it, whichever one you think is the most appropriate one. All right?
193
757330
3960
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚้ฉๅˆ‡ใ ใจๆ€ใ†ๆ–นใ‚’ๆ›ธใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:41
I want you to write your sentences in the comments below for now.
194
761590
3900
ใจใ‚Šใ‚ใˆใšไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
12:45
Let's start with this one.
195
765550
1410
ใพใšใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:47
You're a teacher and you want to warn your students that they need to
196
767650
4890
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ•™ๅธซใงใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใซๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๆ˜Žๆ—ฅๅ•้กŒใŒ่ตทใใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจ่ญฆๅ‘Šใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™
12:52
do their homework or tomorrow there's going to be trouble.
197
772540
4470
ใ€‚
12:57
They're going to get in trouble, right?
198
777160
1980
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒˆใƒฉใƒ–ใƒซใซๅทปใ่พผใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญ๏ผŸ
12:59
So should you use the zero or the first conditional
199
779500
3420
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ผใƒญใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€
13:07
Good should be the first conditional. Now,
200
787120
2550
Good ใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
13:09
this is a warning about a specific situation,
201
789670
3660
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่ญฆๅ‘Šใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
13:13
not a general truth, because we're talking about tomorrow.
202
793420
4350
ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:18
Okay? So you could say something like, if you don't do your homework,
203
798460
4290
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใจๅคงๅค‰ใชใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
13:23
you will be in trouble. All right?
204
803110
4200
ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:27
Let's get started with this lesson.
205
807310
1890
ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:29
When can you use the second conditional?
206
809950
2610
2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใฏใ„ใคไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
13:33
We use it in a few ways to imagine that our lives or
207
813250
4860
็งใŸใกใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไบบ็”Ÿใ‚„ไป–ใฎไบบใฎไบบ็”ŸใŒ้•ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™
13:38
someone else's life is different.
208
818120
1940
ใ€‚
13:41
We use it to ask hypothetical questions,
209
821200
3150
็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ไปฎๅฎšใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
13:44
to give advice and to give reasons why you can't do something.
210
824770
4410
ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใงใใชใ„็†็”ฑใ‚’่ฟฐในใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:49
So you might have practised a little with the first two,
211
829480
3360
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ 2 ใคใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
13:52
but the third and the fourth are both interesting and different ways to
212
832960
4770
ใŒใ€3 ใค็›ฎใจ 4 ใค็›ฎใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
13:57
use the second conditional. So I'm really excited to get into those.
213
837730
4110
2 ใค็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ˆˆๅฅฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:02
But let's start with number one.
214
842170
2220
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€1็•ชใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:06
We use the second conditional to talk about things in the future that are
215
846010
4740
2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฏใ€
14:10
unlikely or things that are impossible in the present. So
216
850750
4920
ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒไฝŽใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎใ“ใจใ‚„ใ€็พๅœจใงใฏไธๅฏ่ƒฝใชใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
14:15
we use it to imagine and to dream that the present situation is
217
855670
4650
็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€็พๅœจใฎ็ŠถๆณใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใŸใ‚Šๅคข่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
14:20
different than it really is. Now,
218
860320
2220
ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
14:22
this could be because it's impossible now or because it's really
219
862570
4680
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๆ™‚็‚นใงใฏไธๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
14:27
unlikely to become real in the future. Not completely impossible,
220
867310
4860
ๅฐ†ๆฅ็š„ใซใฏๅฎŸ็พใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้žๅธธใซไฝŽใ„ใŸใ‚ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŒๅ…จใซไธๅฏ่ƒฝใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
14:32
but unlikely. So with the second conditional, we say,
221
872350
3330
ใŒใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏไฝŽใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใงใฏใ€
14:36
if this happened, then that would happen.
222
876280
3960
ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:41
So for example, if I had enough money,
223
881110
3120
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅๅˆ†ใชใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
14:44
I would buy a house. If the present situation was different,
224
884890
4530
ๅฎถใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ไปŠใฎ็ŠถๆณใŒ้•ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
14:49
then I would do that. If I won the lottery,
225
889780
4120
็งใฏใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฎใใ˜ใŒๅฝ“ใŸใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
14:54
I'd buy a house. Now,
226
894890
2640
ๅฎถใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใฎใซใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
14:57
this is an unlikely event in the future, right?
227
897590
3330
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ†ๆฅ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใใ†ใซใชใ„ๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
15:00
Because it's unlikely I'm going to win the lottery possible, but unlikely.
228
900920
4830
ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒๅฎใใ˜ใซๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏไฝŽใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:06
But before we keep going with the other ways to use the second conditional,
229
906230
4200
ใŸใ ใ—ใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๅผใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎ
15:10
let's spend a little bit of time focusing on what it looks like.
230
910820
4560
ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
15:15
Conditional sentences all have an if clause and a
231
915980
4890
ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใซใฏใ™ในใฆ if ็ฏ€ใจ
15:20
main clause, which is sometimes also called the result clause,
232
920870
4830
ใƒกใ‚คใƒณ็ฏ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€if ็ฏ€ใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹
15:26
because it can only happen if
233
926240
3570
ๅ ดๅˆใซใฎใฟ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€็ตๆžœ็ฏ€ใจใ‚‚ๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™
15:30
clause occurs. It's a condition, right?
234
930680
3810
ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆกไปถใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
15:34
If this happens, then that happens. Now,
235
934970
4650
ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
15:39
what exactly makes a conditional sentence? The second conditional.
236
939710
4830
ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใจใฏไธ€ไฝ“ไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใ€‚
15:45
So the second conditional uses a past simple verb in the if
237
945710
4890
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใฏใ€if ็ฏ€ใง้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€
15:50
clause then would followed by the Infiniti
238
950600
4620
ใใฎๅพŒใซ
15:55
verb in the main clause. If she lived in London,
239
955230
4490
ไธป็ฏ€ใง Infiniti ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝผๅฅณใŒใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
15:59
she would have English friends.
240
959810
2070
ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใฎๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
16:03
If clause is the condition, does she live in London?
241
963590
4770
if ๆก้ …ใŒๆกไปถใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
16:09
No, we're talking about a hypothetical situation here, right?
242
969620
3840
ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏไปฎๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
16:13
So the result clause suggests what would be different
243
973910
4980
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็ตๆžœใฎ็ฏ€ใฏไฝ•ใŒ้•ใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็คบๅ”†ใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใใฎ
16:18
and would tells us that where imagining the result,
244
978950
4140
็ตๆžœใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
16:23
or she would have English friends, it's not real.
245
983120
4320
ๅฝผๅฅณใซใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใฎๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็พๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
16:28
She doesn't have English friends now,
246
988010
2460
ๅฝผๅฅณใซใฏไปŠใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใฎๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
16:30
but it could happen ifshe lived in London.
247
990830
3990
ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใใ†ใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:35
If she lived in London, she would have English friends.
248
995690
3510
ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝผๅฅณใŒใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใฎๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
16:39
Now you can definitely make one or both clauses
249
999530
4440
ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงไธ€ๆ–นใพใŸใฏไธกๆ–นใฎ็ฏ€ใ‚’็ขบๅฎŸใซๅฆๅฎšใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
16:44
negative in a second conditional sentence. If I didn't want to go,
250
1004000
4740
ใ€‚ ่กŒใใŸใใชใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€
16:49
I would tell you
251
1009370
930
16:52
if I didn't finish my homework, I wouldn't tell my teacher.
252
1012010
4260
ๅฎฟ้กŒใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใซใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:58
And of course we can ask second conditional questions too
253
1018100
3840
ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅˆฅใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใซใฏใ€ไปฎๅฎšใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถไป˜ใ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
17:02
hypothetical questions to ask someone to imagine what they would
254
1022600
4830
17:07
do in a different situation. So these situations are not real,
255
1027430
4320
ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็Šถๆณใฏ็พๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
17:11
but it's kind of fun to ask these types of questions, right?
256
1031810
3210
ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
17:15
Really helps to keep conversations going sometimes.
257
1035350
3360
ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—100ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซๅฝ“ใŸใฃใŸใ‚‰
17:19
What would you do if you quit your job,
258
1039670
2850
ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’่พžใ‚ใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹
17:23
if you won a million dollars? Would you travel the world?
259
1043300
3570
๏ผŸ ไธ–็•Œไธญใ‚’ๆ—…ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:27
If you only had one day in Singapore, what would you do?
260
1047920
3540
ใ‚ทใƒณใ‚ฌใƒใƒผใƒซใซ 1 ๆ—ฅใ ใ‘ๆปžๅœจใงใใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
17:32
See how fun these types of questions can be.
261
1052600
2640
ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ณชๅ•ใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:35
Choose one of them to answer in the comments below,
262
1055690
3330
ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๅ›ž็ญ”ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ 1 ใค้ธๆŠžใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:39
but make sure you write your answer as a full second conditional sentence
263
1059050
4890
ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅ›ž็ญ”ใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใช 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใจใ—ใฆๅฟ…ใšๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
17:44
to practise the structure. Okay,
264
1064000
1980
ใ€‚
17:47
if I only had one in Singapore, I would.
265
1067030
4570
ใ‚ทใƒณใ‚ฌใƒใƒผใƒซใซ 1 ใคใ—ใ‹ใชใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:52
Now you can actually use could in the if clause to ask a similar
266
1072950
4830
ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ if ็ฏ€ใง Could ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๅŒๆง˜ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
17:57
question.
267
1077780
810
ใ€‚
17:58
So you would be saying if you were able to or if it were
268
1078590
4440
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ๆ—…่กŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰
18:03
possible to, if you could travel to any country,
269
1083030
4830
ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๆ—…่กŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใฉใ“ใฎๅ›ฝใซๆ—…่กŒ
18:07
where would you go?
270
1087980
840
ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?
18:10
Now notice that when you use could in the if clause,
271
1090410
3210
ใ“ใ“ใงใ€if ็ฏ€ใง Could ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใซ
18:13
the verb that follows could is in the infinity form,
272
1093650
4500
็ถšใ Could ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ
18:18
not in the past. Simple. And that's because it's a modal verb, right?
273
1098270
3990
้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใฏใชใ็„ก้™ๅฝขใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅ˜็ด”ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ
18:22
Standard English grammar rule after modal verbs,
274
1102260
3450
ๅพŒใฎๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใช่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•่ฆๅ‰‡ใซใฏใ€
18:25
we always have the definitive.
275
1105830
1740
ๅธธใซ็ต‚ๆญข่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:28
Now we've been talking about hypothetical situations so far,
276
1108080
4050
ใ“ใ“ใพใงไปฎๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
18:32
but what are these other uses?
277
1112670
1710
ไป–ใซใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็”จ้€”ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? 2
18:34
Because we can use the second conditional to give advice.
278
1114440
3630
็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:38
And if you think about it, when someone asks you for advice,
279
1118310
4020
่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใŸใจใใ€
18:42
you usually try to imagine what you would do in their situation and share
280
1122690
4800
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใใฎไบบใฎ็Šถๆณใง่‡ชๅˆ†ใชใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™
18:47
that with them. So for example, if I were you,
281
1127490
4380
ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
18:52
I'd talk to my boss before I quit my job,
282
1132140
2580
ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’่พžใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซไธŠๅธใซ็›ธ่ซ‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹
18:56
or if I were her, I'd break up with him. Now,
283
1136490
4710
ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ไธŠๅธใจๅˆฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
19:01
if you're wondering why in both of those examples I was using were with
284
1141210
4940
ใชใœ็งใŒไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸไพ‹ใฎไธกๆ–นใงไธป่ชžใŒ I ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
19:06
the subject I,
285
1146150
1290
19:08
I'm going to talk about that in a few minutes. But lastly,
286
1148040
3690
ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๆ•ฐๅˆ†ใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€
19:11
you can use the second conditional to give reasons why you can't do something.
287
1151730
4920
2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใงใใชใ„็†็”ฑใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
19:16
You've probably already noticed that English speakers are usually quite polite
288
1156710
4770
ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ™ใงใซใŠๆฐ—ใฅใใ‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€่‹ฑ่ชž่ฉฑ่€…ใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใŠไบ’ใ„ใซ้žๅธธใซ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™
19:21
to each other. Instead of just saying no,
289
1161480
2940
ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซใ€ŒใƒŽใƒผใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€
19:24
we often try and soften our responses by explaining why we can't
290
1164420
4920
ใชใœใงใใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆๅๅฟœใ‚’ๅ’Œใ‚‰ใ’ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
19:29
do something.
291
1169340
833
ใ€‚
19:30
And sometimes you might just want to explain a situation a little more.
292
1170210
4590
ใพใŸใ€็Šถๆณใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
19:34
So the second conditional can really help you to do this. So for example,
293
1174860
4740
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใฎใซ้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
19:39
if I had the money, I'd lend it to you.
294
1179660
3060
็งใซใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฒธใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:42
I don't have to explain myself any further here.
295
1182930
2550
ใ“ใ“ใงใ“ใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:45
This sentence already explains that I don't have the money, so I can't help.
296
1185510
4950
ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใŒใชใ„ใฎใงใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ™ใงใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:50
But it suggests that maybe you want to that maybe you
297
1190610
4260
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ†ใ—ใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€
19:54
would if you could.
298
1194960
1740
ใงใใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใใ†ใ—ใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบๅ”†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใปใฉ
19:58
If I wasn't so busy, I'd invite you over for dinner,
299
1198620
3090
ๅฟ™ใ—ใใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€้ฃŸไบ‹ใซ่ช˜ใ†ใฎใงใ™
20:03
but I am really busy so I can't invite you over.
300
1203060
3750
ใŒใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใฎใง่ช˜ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
20:07
So we've covered what the second conditional looks like and when you can use
301
1207470
4830
2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใชใฎใ‹ใ€ใ„ใคไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
20:12
it,
302
1212330
833
20:13
but now I want to share some extra tips to help you understand it better
303
1213230
4590
ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ˆใ็†่งฃใ—ใ€ๆญฃ็ขบใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
20:18
and to help you use it accurately. So the first one I want to mention is
304
1218060
4830
ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใซ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€
20:22
that if is a conjunction, right?
305
1222890
2220
if ใฏๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
20:25
The purpose of conjunctions is to join two sentences or two
306
1225320
4800
ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใฏใ€2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใพใŸใฏ 2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹็ฏ€ใ‚’็ตๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
20:30
different clauses together.
307
1230130
1310
ใ€‚
20:31
There's a really strong relationship between the two clauses in a conditional
308
1231980
4260
ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฎ 2 ใคใฎ็ฏ€ใฎ้–“ใซใฏ้žๅธธใซๅผทใ„้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆ
20:36
sentence, right? They're really connected.
309
1236240
2220
ใญใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใคใชใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:39
The if clause contains a condition and the main clause contains the
310
1239120
4500
if ็ฏ€ใซใฏๆกไปถใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใ€main ็ฏ€ใซใฏ็ตๆžœใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
20:43
result, right? They rely on each other. Now,
311
1243620
3330
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใŠไบ’ใ„ใซไพๅญ˜ใ—ๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
20:46
you may know that with all conditional sentences you can change the order of
312
1246960
4650
ใ™ในใฆใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใง็ฏ€ใฎ้ †ๅบใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
20:51
your clauses. When this happens, it doesn't change the meaning,
313
1251610
3750
ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
20:55
but there is an important punctuation change that you need to make.
314
1255960
4680
ใŒใ€ๅฅ่ชญ็‚นใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:02
If it stopped raining, I would go for a walk.
315
1262470
2910
ใ‚‚ใ—้›จใŒๆญขใ‚“ใ ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏๆ•ฃๆญฉใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
21:07
I would go for a walk if it stopped raining.
316
1267390
2370
้›จใŒๆญขใ‚“ใ ใ‚‰ๆ•ฃๆญฉใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
21:11
Now the meaning in these two sentences is exactly the same.
317
1271110
3450
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:14
But notice that when the main clause comes first,
318
1274920
3420
ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใƒกใ‚คใƒณๅฅใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
21:18
we don't include that comma before the if clause. Now to be honest,
319
1278460
4410
if ๅฅใฎๅ‰ใซใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€
21:23
this is really only significant if you're sitting in English exam or you're
320
1283290
4560
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’่กŒใ†ๅ ดๅˆใซใฎใฟ้‡่ฆใงใ™
21:27
doing academic writing.
321
1287850
1350
ใ€‚
21:29
You're going to get marked down for that type of punctuation error.
322
1289470
3330
ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎๅฅ่ชญ็‚นใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใงใฏใ€ๆธ›็‚นใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:32
But generally it's not really something you need to lose sleep over.
323
1292920
3630
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏใ€ๅฏๅŠใ™ใ‚‹ใปใฉใฎใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:36
Now in spoken English, the subject and wood,
324
1296700
3810
ใ•ใฆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏใ€ไธป่ชžใจๅ˜่ชžใฏ
21:40
they're usually contracted, I'd, you'd, she'd, he'd
325
1300810
4770
้€šๅธธใ€ใ€ŒI'dใ€you'dใ€she'dใ€hedใ€
21:46
they'd, we'd. Now,
326
1306180
2790
they'dใ€we'dใ€ใจ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใง่กจ็พใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
21:48
it's much easier to say this type of sentence quickly and it helps
327
1308970
4980
ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’็ด ๆ—ฉใ่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซใชใ‚Šใ€
21:53
you to sound a little more relaxed as well. But these contractions,
328
1313950
3930
ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใฆ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ‚‚ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใฏใ€
21:57
very common in spoken English, common in informal written English.
329
1317910
4680
่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚‚้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้žๅ…ฌๅผใฎๆ›ธใ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
22:02
But you shouldn't be using contractions in formal written English, right?
330
1322620
4890
ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆญฃๅผใช่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ›ธใ่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
22:07
Just steer clear completely. Now,
331
1327540
3090
ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ้ฟใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
22:10
one of the most interesting parts about the second conditional is that it breaks
332
1330690
4950
2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„็‚นใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€
22:15
some standard B verb grammar rules, right?
333
1335820
3300
ๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใช B ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•่ฆๅ‰‡ใซ้•ๅใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
22:19
We can actually use were instead of was with
334
1339450
4230
ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€is ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€
22:24
i, he she and it, right?
335
1344010
3450
iใ€he sheใ€it ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
22:27
Both of them are grammatically correct,
336
1347970
2130
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™
22:30
but I guess is a little more formal. All right?
337
1350160
4080
ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
22:34
So we would use it in more formal situations. If I was you,
338
1354240
4170
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใช็Šถๆณใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
22:39
I would break up with him. If I were you,
339
1359010
3060
ๅฝผใจๅˆฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
22:42
I would break up with him. Both of those sentences are the same.
340
1362940
3600
ๅฝผใจๅˆฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:47
If she was taller, if she were taller,
341
1367260
3660
ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝผๅฅณใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
22:51
she would be an air hostess. So again, we can use either,
342
1371430
4410
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚นใƒใƒฅใƒฏใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚นใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚
22:55
it's totally okay. Wear is a little more formal.
343
1375900
2940
ใพใฃใŸใๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็€ใ“ใชใ—ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:01
Today we're going to go a little deeper on the first and the second conditional,
344
1381930
4860
ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใจ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ใ„ใค
23:07
I'm going to give you lots of examples to help you understand when to use the
345
1387390
4170
ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ใ„ใคไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคไพ‹ใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“็คบใ—ใพใ™
23:11
first and when to use the second plus.
346
1391560
2790
ใ€‚
23:14
I'll also be talking about how to use conditionals without if,
347
1394350
4590
ใพใŸใ€if ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ›ใšใซๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:19
which is pretty shocking.
348
1399660
1050
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ่กๆ’ƒ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:20
I know because if is the star of conditional
349
1400710
4230
if ใฏๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฎ่Šฑๅฝขใชใฎใงใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
23:24
sentences,
350
1404940
900
23:26
but actually you can use other words in place of if as well.
351
1406380
4680
ใŒใ€ๅฎŸใฏ if ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซไป–ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
23:31
So I'm going to go through all of that right here during this lesson.
352
1411060
3690
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใใฎใ™ในใฆใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:35
So I want you to tell me what's the difference between the first conditional
353
1415110
4770
ใใ“ใงใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถ
23:40
and the second conditional.
354
1420270
1440
ใจ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:43
So the best way to think about it is the first conditional is real.
355
1423300
4390
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถใŒๆœฌ็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
23:48
We use it to talk about things that are possible in the future and
356
1428080
4830
็งใŸใกใฏใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™
23:52
there's a likely chance of it happening.
357
1432940
2880
ใ€‚
23:56
So to make the first conditional, it's simple.
358
1436090
2970
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:59
We use the present simple verb in our if clause and we use the
359
1439120
4770
if ็ฏ€ใงใฏ็พๅœจๅฝขใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€
24:03
future tense will in our main clause.
360
1443890
3450
ไธป็ฏ€ใงใฏๆœชๆฅๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎ will ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:07
So we use will along with a bare Infiniti verb.
361
1447400
3270
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€will ใ‚’ใใฎใพใพใฎ Infiniti ๅ‹•่ฉžใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:11
If I miss the bus, I will take a taxi.
362
1451090
2910
ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚Š้…ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใซไน—ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:15
If they lose the game, they won't go to the finals.
363
1455290
3630
่ฉฆๅˆใซ่ฒ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๆฑบๅ‹ใซใฏ้€ฒใ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
24:19
If you get too close to the flames, you'll get burned.
364
1459700
3660
็‚Žใซ่ฟ‘ใฅใใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใจ็ซๅ‚ทใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:24
So notice that with all of these examples, these are real,
365
1464740
3960
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใฏใ™ในใฆ็พๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
24:28
they are possible and they're likely to happen in the future.
366
1468910
4290
ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅ็š„ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
24:33
Now, when we move to the second conditional,
367
1473830
2670
ใ•ใฆใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใซ็งปใ‚‹ใจใใ€
24:36
we actually have to leave the real world,
368
1476560
2910
ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ็พๅฎŸใฎไธ–็•Œใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
24:39
the actual world behind us because although there is a
369
1479470
4860
็พๅฎŸใฎไธ–็•Œใ‚’้›ขใ‚Œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€
24:44
possibility of the result happening, when we use the second conditional,
370
1484330
4440
็ตๆžœใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
24:48
it tells us that the action is quite unlikely. So it's often called the
371
1488770
4740
ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚Šใใ†ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ
24:53
unreal tense.
372
1493510
1650
้ž็พๅฎŸๆ™‚ๅˆถใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
24:55
So we use the second conditional to talk about imaginary situations in the
373
1495370
4410
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€็พๅœจใฎๆƒณๅƒไธŠใฎ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™
24:59
present. So these are unreal situations,
374
1499780
3780
ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใช็Šถๆณใงใ™
25:03
but we also use it to talk about unlikely future outcomes as well.
375
1503860
4380
ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€ใ‚ใ‚Šใใ†ใ‚‚ใชใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎ็ตๆžœใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:08
So it looks like if and the past,
376
1508660
3150
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€if ใจ้ŽๅŽปใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚if ็ฏ€ใงใฏ
25:11
simple in our if clauses,
377
1511810
1890
ๅ˜็ด”ใงใ™ใŒใ€
25:14
and then would with the bare infinity verb following in our main clause,
378
1514000
4950
ไธป็ฏ€ใซ็ถšใ่ฃธใฎ็„ก้™ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ would ใŒ็ถšใใ€ใ€Œ
25:19
if I missed the bus, I would take a taxi.
379
1519220
3510
ใ‚‚ใ—ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚Š้…ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใซไน—ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
25:23
If they lost the gain, they wouldn't go to the finals.
380
1523960
3990
ๅ‹ใก็‚นใ‚’้€ƒใ—ใŸใ‚‰ๆฑบๅ‹ใซใฏ้€ฒใ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
25:29
If you got too close to the flames, you'd get burned.
381
1529240
3990
็‚Žใซ่ฟ‘ใฅใใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใจ็ซๅ‚ทใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:33
Wait a second.
382
1533710
1320
ไธ€็žฌๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€‚
25:36
These examples look pretty similar to the first conditional examples.
383
1536110
4200
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถไป˜ใไพ‹ใจ้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:42
So with just a couple of little edits,
384
1542050
2850
ใใ“ใงใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅฐใ•ใช็ทจ้›†ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€
25:44
we have subtly changed these results to seem less
385
1544930
4350
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒไฝŽใ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅพฎๅฆ™ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
25:49
likely.
386
1549290
833
ใ€‚
25:50
Suddenly we've got a set of hypothetical or imaginary
387
1550660
4380
็ช็„ถใ€ไธ€้€ฃใฎไปฎ่ชฌใพใŸใฏๆƒณๅƒไธŠใฎ
25:55
situations and their results,
388
1555400
2550
็Šถๆณใจใใฎ็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ
25:58
but those results are unlikely to actually happen,
389
1558160
3690
ใŒใ€ใใฎ็ตๆžœใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏไฝŽใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ
26:01
right? Such is the second conditional.
390
1561880
3150
ใญใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใงใ™ใ€‚
26:05
Many ideas can be correctly expressed in English using both the
391
1565480
4620
ๅคšใใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใจ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใฎไธกๆ–นใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆญฃใ—ใ่กจ็พใงใใพใ™
26:10
first and the second conditional sentence structure.
392
1570100
3570
ใ€‚
26:14
But each type of sentence changes the meaning noticeably.
393
1574480
4770
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎ็จฎ้กžใ”ใจใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ่‘—ใ—ใๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:19
So you really need to be careful about which type of
394
1579640
4710
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
26:24
sentence structure you're using. You've got to carefully choose.
395
1584350
3000
ใ€‚ ๆ…Ž้‡ใซ้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:27
So let's look at a couple of examples to help you out.
396
1587560
3000
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅฝน็ซ‹ใคไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
26:31
So if I missed the bus, I will take a taxi.
397
1591010
4290
ใใ‚Œใงใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚Š้…ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใซไน—ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:36
If I missed the bus, I would take a taxi. Now,
398
1596380
4620
ใ‚‚ใ—ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚Š้…ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใซไน—ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
26:41
in the first example, this is real and possible.
399
1601000
3820
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚
26:44
It's based on an actual situation.
400
1604850
2640
ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ็ŠถๆณใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:47
Just imagine that you are walking down the street quite quickly towards the bus
401
1607640
4860
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒใ‚นๅœใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎๆ—ฉ่ถณใง้€šใ‚Šใ‚’ๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎ
26:52
stop because it's actually the exact time that the bus is supposed to
402
1612500
4440
ๆ™‚้–“ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใƒใ‚นใŒๅˆฐ็€ใ™ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ‚ใ‚Š
26:56
arrive and there is a chance it's pulling up at the bus stop right now you're
403
1616940
4740
ใ€ใƒใ‚นใŒไปŠใƒใ‚นๅœใซๅˆฐ็€ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใง
27:01
hoping that it's not because you're going to be late,
404
1621680
3930
ใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้…ๅˆปใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€
27:05
otherwise you still want to make it to work on time. But in your
405
1625610
4800
ใใ†ใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซไป•ไบ‹ใซๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚
27:10
head, as you are walking, you're coming up with a backup plan, right?
406
1630410
4890
ใ€ๆญฉใใชใŒใ‚‰้ ญใฎไธญใงไบˆๅ‚™ใฎ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
27:15
A plan B, here's what you're going to do.
407
1635510
3030
ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒณ Bใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
27:19
If I miss the bus, I will take a taxi.
408
1639890
2970
ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚Š้…ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใซไน—ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
27:23
So this situation is based on a real life scenario,
409
1643700
4530
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใฏ็พๅฎŸใฎใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
27:28
something that is likely to happen.
410
1648740
3090
่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใใ†ใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
27:32
It's a good chance that bus has already come to the bus stop and you are
411
1652340
4830
ใƒใ‚นใŒใ™ใงใซใƒใ‚นๅœใซๆฅใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ“ใซใ„ใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™
27:37
not there. But the second example, in the second conditional,
412
1657170
4170
ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹ใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใฏ
27:41
totally imaginary. Maybe I've got no plans at all to take the bus.
413
1661730
4110
ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๆƒณๅƒไธŠใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใŒๅ…จใใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
27:45
Maybe I don't even take the bus to work,
414
1665870
2040
ใŸใถใ‚“็งใฏใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใฃใฆไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใ‹ใ€
27:48
or perhaps I'm extremely punctual.
415
1668570
3690
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ™‚้–“ๅŽณๅฎˆใชใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
27:52
I'm almost never late to the bus.
416
1672320
1680
็งใฏใƒใ‚นใซ้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
27:56
But for whatever reason, this thing,
417
1676460
2460
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็†็”ฑใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€
27:58
the outcome is very unlikely to happen,
418
1678920
2820
็ตๆžœใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏ้žๅธธใซไฝŽใใ€
28:01
and we know that because we're using the second conditional.
419
1681980
3150
2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:05
So you can see how powerful this decision is, right?
420
1685460
3600
ใ“ใฎๆฑบๅฎšใŒใ„ใ‹ใซๅผทๅŠ›ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
28:09
The grammar structure that you choose influences the meaning of your sentence.
421
1689330
4470
้ธๆŠžใ—ใŸๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆง‹้€ ใฏใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
28:13
Let's do a few more examples together just to make sure you've got it.
422
1693980
3330
็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
28:18
If I run out of butter, I'll just use oil. So again,
423
1698840
4560
ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใชใใชใฃใŸใ‚‰ๆฒนใ ใ‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’
28:23
imagine that you're baking and there isn't much butter
424
1703460
4710
็„ผใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใปใจใ‚“ใฉๆฎ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
28:28
left. You can't be bothered going to the shops. So I've got a plan.
425
1708170
4770
ใ€‚ ใŠๅบ—ใซ่กŒใใฎใŒ้ขๅ€’ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ“ใง่จˆ็”ปใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
28:33
If I run out of butter, I know what I'm going to do and this is a likely event.
426
1713240
4770
ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใชใใชใฃใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šๅพ—ใ‚‹ๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
28:38
If I ran out of butter, I just use oil. Now,
427
1718580
4080
ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใชใใชใฃใŸใ‚‰ๆฒนใ ใ‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
28:42
this is a hypothetical situation.
428
1722660
2340
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไปฎๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚
28:45
I'm not talking about a specific baking event that's happening now.
429
1725030
4620
็งใฏ็พๅœจ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
28:49
I'm just talking about what I would hypothetically do if this
430
1729890
4710
็งใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€
28:54
ever happened to me while I was baking. I could be giving advice to someone
431
1734600
3750
ใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’็„ผใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ไปฎๅฎšใฎ่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใชใใชใฃใŸใ‚‰ๆฒนใ‚’ไฝฟใˆใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใซใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใซ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
28:58
who's asking, oh, if I ran out of butter, I'd just use oil.
432
1738360
4400
ใ€‚
29:03
You won't notice the difference. If she finds a dog on the street,
433
1743150
3720
้•ใ„ใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใ‹ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้“ใง็Šฌใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
29:07
she'll adopt it. She loves dogs, right?
434
1747410
3630
ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅผ•ใๅ–ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็ŠฌใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
29:11
She has plans to adopt a dog. In fact,
435
1751070
3510
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็Šฌใ‚’้ฃผใ†่จˆ็”ปใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€
29:14
she's looking for a dog and there are lots of street dogs in her area.
436
1754760
4170
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็Šฌใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅœฐๅŸŸใซใฏ้‡Ž่‰ฏ็ŠฌใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
29:19
So it's quite likely that if she finds a dog on the street that doesn't
437
1759650
4950
ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใŒๅฎถใฎใชใ„็Šฌใ‚’่ทฏไธŠใง่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ‚‰
29:24
have a home, it's quite likely that she'll adopt it.
438
1764600
3330
ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅผ•ใๅ–ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
29:28
If she found a dog on the street, she'd adopt it. So again,
439
1768200
4530
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้“ใง็Šฌใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅผ•ใๅ–ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€
29:33
she loves dogs. Perhaps there's actually not many street dogs in her area,
440
1773000
4710
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็ŠฌใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅœฐๅŸŸใซใฏ้‡Ž่‰ฏ็ŠฌใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ„ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€
29:37
which makes the outcome quite unlikely.
441
1777740
3570
็ตๆžœใŒๅ‡บใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏ้žๅธธใซไฝŽใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
29:42
If she were taller, she would play basketball.
442
1782340
3630
ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝผๅฅณใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
29:47
So this is the second conditional, right?
443
1787800
1980
ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
29:50
And she's imagining what she would do if she had been born taller,
444
1790260
4350
ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚‚ใ—่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
29:55
but she wasn't right? She can't change her height.
445
1795120
2910
ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่บซ้•ทใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
29:58
So this situation has to be unreal. So for that reason,
446
1798630
4740
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใฏ้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซ้•ใ„ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
30:03
be careful because we can't write a version of this in the first conditional.
447
1803370
3870
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถใงใฏใ“ใ‚Œใฎใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใฎใงๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹
30:07
There isn't a likely chance or a likely outcome
448
1807600
4650
ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚„็ตๆžœใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
30:12
where this would happen.
449
1812310
1320
ใ€‚
30:13
She can't change the way that she is.
450
1813990
3330
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไปŠใฎ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
30:18
However, we can make a couple of changes to make it possible.
451
1818640
3870
ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฏ่ƒฝใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
30:22
We can say if we're talking about a child who is still growing,
452
1822600
4500
ใพใ ๆˆ้•ทไธญใฎๅญไพ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
30:27
then it's possible, but we might have to change the verb and say,
453
1827370
4770
ใใ‚Œใฏๅฏ่ƒฝใ ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆใ€
30:32
if she grows taller, she will play basketball.
454
1832590
4440
ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ่บซ้•ทใŒไผธใณใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
30:37
It's really important to keep in mind that many ideas can be expressed in the
455
1837600
4920
ๅคšใใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฏใ€
30:42
first or the second conditional,
456
1842520
1800
30:44
depending on whether they're real or imaginary.
457
1844680
3030
็พๅฎŸใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ๆƒณๅƒไธŠใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใพใŸใฏ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใง่กจ็พใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ็•™ๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
30:48
But not all ideas can be expressed in both tenses,
458
1848190
4890
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒไธกๆ–นใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใง่กจ็พใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆ
30:53
right? So be careful about that real versus imaginary.
459
1853080
4500
ใญ? ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็พๅฎŸใจๆƒณๅƒใฎ้•ใ„ใซใฏๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
30:58
Hopefully you're starting to feel pretty good about the difference between the
460
1858120
3660
31:01
first and the second conditional, right?
461
1861780
2010
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถใจ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‹ใชใ‚Š็†่งฃใงใใฆใใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
31:04
But I've got one extra thing that I want you to keep in mind.
462
1864510
3540
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใค่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
31:08
So take a look at this sentence here. Is it a conditional sentence?
463
1868500
4680
ใใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
31:17
It has two clauses. It has a present tense verb. In the first clause,
464
1877110
4860
ใใ‚Œใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎๆก้ …ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅฝขใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ็ฏ€ใซใฏ
31:22
it has will and the base verb in the main clause,
465
1882270
3510
will ใจไธป็ฏ€ใฎๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
31:26
but it doesn't have the word if
466
1886080
2420
31:30
It actually doesn't matter. This sentence is still a conditional sentence,
467
1890730
4710
ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅ•้กŒใงใฏใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏใพใ ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
31:35
a first conditional sentence,
468
1895470
1620
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใจ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใฎ if ใ‚’็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ
31:37
and there are a couple of very specific words that you can use to
469
1897150
4800
ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชๅ˜่ชžใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
31:41
replace if in the first and also the second
470
1901950
4620
31:46
conditional sentence structure. It's still a conditional sentence,
471
1906570
3900
ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใพใ ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใ™
31:50
but the word that you choose of course has the ability to
472
1910860
4710
ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€้ธๆŠžใ—ใŸๅ˜่ชžใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ
31:55
change the meaning of your sentence slightly.
473
1915570
2850
ๆ–‡ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใšใ‹ใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
31:58
Unless it rains soon the lake will dry up.
474
1918690
3660
ใ™ใใซ้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจๆน–ใฏๅนฒไธŠใŒใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
32:03
Or if it rains soon, the lake won't dry up.
475
1923190
4650
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ™ใใซ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๆน–ใฏไนพใ‹ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
32:08
Both of these sentences are okay, they're great,
476
1928710
2970
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใชใใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
32:12
but of course the change affects the meaning of our sentence slightly.
477
1932280
4830
ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅค‰ๆ›ดใฏๆ–‡ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใ‚ใšใ‹ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
32:17
So we need to be aware of that. So you can definitely replace if with the word,
478
1937770
4920
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€if ใ‚’ until ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™
32:22
unless, but the meaning is slightly different.
479
1942690
3090
ใŒใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
32:25
It means if not or accept if,
480
1945780
4500
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€if not ใพใŸใฏ accept if ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€
32:31
and you can use unless in the first and the second conditional sentence
481
1951090
3960
ๆœ€ๅˆใจ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใงใฏใ€Unless ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
32:35
structure.
482
1955050
833
ใ€‚
32:36
But it can't be used to talk about past situations that can't be
483
1956520
4420
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„้ŽๅŽปใฎ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซใฏไฝฟใˆใพใ›ใ‚“
32:40
changed. So you can't use unless in the third conditional sentence structure,
484
1960940
4740
ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใงใฏใ€Unless ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“
32:45
for example, check out some examples.
485
1965680
2370
ใ€‚ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
32:48
Unless she apologises, I will not forgive her
486
1968800
3840
ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ่ฌใ‚‰ใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’่จฑใ•ใชใ„ใ€
32:54
unless it gets below zero degrees, the water won't freeze
487
1974770
4620
้›ถๅบฆไปฅไธ‹ใซใชใ‚‰ใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€
33:01
unless they fired me. I wouldn't leave the company
488
1981430
3780
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็งใ‚’่งฃ้›‡ใ—ใชใ„้™ใ‚Šๆฐดใฏๅ‡ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€็งใฏไผš็คพใ‚’่พžใ‚ใพใ›ใ‚“
33:07
Besides unless. And if we can also use as long as,
489
1987040
4230
ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€as long as ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใจใ€
33:11
which is really,
490
1991510
810
33:12
really useful if you want to set a limit or a condition on the
491
1992320
4920
33:17
expression.
492
1997240
833
ๅผใซๅˆถ้™ใ‚„ๆกไปถใ‚’่จญๅฎšใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซ้žๅธธใซไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™ใ€‚
33:18
So this is like saying if and only if the
493
1998380
4860
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใซใฎใฟใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
33:23
condition happens. So if the condition doesn't happen,
494
2003240
3480
ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆกไปถใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€
33:27
then the result is not possible or it's not allowed as long as
495
2007020
4770
็ตๆžœใฏไธๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
33:31
is usually used with the first conditional because it's used
496
2011790
4920
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถใง้€šๅธธไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹้™ใ‚Š่จฑๅฏใ•ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
33:36
when the result is expected.
497
2016710
2400
็ตๆžœใŒๆœŸๅพ…ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
33:40
As long as I get time off work, I'll come for a visit.
498
2020670
3510
ไป•ไบ‹ใŒไผ‘ใฟใ•ใˆใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใœใฒ้Šใณใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚
33:45
As long as it's not too crowded, we'll stay for dinner.
499
2025680
3060
ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆททใ‚“ใงใ„ใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅค•้ฃŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ“ใซๆปžๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:51
As long as he finishes his homework, he'll join you at the skate park.
500
2031050
4380
ๅฝผใฏๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒˆใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚ฏใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
33:56
Great work. We're almost done. We've got one more option to replace if with,
501
2036930
4650
ใ™ใ”ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ใ™ใ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ if ใ‚’็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
34:02
and that is using supposing or
502
2042120
4080
ใใ‚Œใฏ Supping ใพใŸใฏ Susumping that ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
34:06
supposing that.
503
2046210
1760
ใ€‚
34:08
So using supposing that helps the listener to imagine
504
2048240
4770
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไปฎๅฎšใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€่žใๆ‰‹ใŒ็Šถๆณใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™
34:13
a situation. So it's really similar to using if,
505
2053250
3960
ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ if ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใจ้žๅธธใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™
34:17
but just with a bit of extra command to really tell the listener that you want
506
2057420
4200
ใŒใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒŠใƒผใซๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซไผใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎใ‚ณใƒžใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒŠใƒผใฎ
34:21
them to imagine turn on their imagination. Now,
507
2061620
3870
ๆƒณๅƒๅŠ›ใŒๅˆบๆฟ€ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
34:25
it can be used in either the first or the second conditional,
508
2065490
3240
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถใงใ‚‚ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
34:28
but it's much more comfortable in the second conditional for sure,
509
2068730
3690
ใŒใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใฎๆ–นใŒใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅฟซ้ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็ขบใ‹ใงใ™
34:32
because you're imagining, right,
510
2072510
2010
34:35
supposing I can change my flight. I'll come a few days earlier.
511
2075000
4590
ใ€‚ ๆ•ฐๆ—ฅๅ‰ใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚
34:40
Supposing you got a huge Christmas bonus, would you go on a holiday?
512
2080550
4680
ไปฎใซใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒžใ‚นใซๅคš้กใฎใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ไผ‘ๆš‡ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ‹?
34:48
Like all conditional sentences.
513
2088710
2340
ใ™ในใฆใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€‚
34:51
The third conditional has two clauses,
514
2091080
3450
3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใซใฏใ€if ็ฏ€ใจ main ็ฏ€ใจใ„ใ† 2 ใคใฎ็ฏ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
34:54
the if clause and the main clause.
515
2094920
2790
ใ€‚
34:58
But unlike the zero, the first and the second conditionals,
516
2098250
4110
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใ€
35:02
this one talks about the past and specifically an
517
2102720
4770
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปใ€็‰นใซ
35:07
unreal past, not a true past, an unreal one.
518
2107640
4350
้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใช้ŽๅŽปใ€็œŸใฎ้ŽๅŽปใ€้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใช้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชžใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
35:12
We use the third conditional to imagine a situation in the
519
2112050
4500
3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ็Šถๆณ
35:16
past and the imaginary result,
520
2116550
3600
ใจใ€
35:20
which is also in the past. Okay? So it's imaginary. It's not real.
521
2120330
4890
ๅŒๆง˜ใซ้ŽๅŽปใฎๆƒณๅƒไธŠใฎ็ตๆžœใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใใ‚ŒใฏๆƒณๅƒไธŠใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚
35:25
It's not true, okay? Because we can't change the past.
522
2125220
4560
ใใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
35:30
Sometimes we wish we could, but we can't.
523
2130110
2490
ใงใใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใซใ€ใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
35:32
So that's why you'll often hear the third conditional being used to talk about
524
2132870
4360
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใŒ
35:37
regrets, things that we wish were different.
525
2137230
2940
ๅพŒๆ‚”ใ‚„ใ€้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชžใ‚‹ใฎใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
35:40
So let's look at a few examples to get started.
526
2140320
2820
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
35:44
If I had left earlier, I wouldn't have missed my flight.
527
2144250
3930
ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—ฉใๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใซไน—ใ‚Š้…ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
35:49
So I'm a bit upset about that, right? I'm upset I missed my flight.
528
2149770
3540
ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‹•ๆบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใซไน—ใ‚Š้…ใ‚Œใฆๅ‹•ๆบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
35:53
I wish that I had have left my house a little bit earlier and not run late.
529
2153340
4950
้…ๅˆปใ›ใšใซใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ—ฉใๅฎถใ‚’ๅ‡บใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
35:58
I wish that I could go back in time and be on the plane,
530
2158620
3570
้ŽๅŽปใซๆˆปใฃใฆ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใซไน—ใ‚Œใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™
36:02
but I can't because my flight's gone.
531
2162910
3030
ใŒใ€้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใŒใชใใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใฎใงใใ‚Œใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
36:05
There's nothing that I can do about it now except buy another ticket. Well,
532
2165970
3840
ใ“ใ‚Œใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ๅˆฅใฎใƒใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ไปฅๅค–ใซไฝ•ใ‚‚ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
36:09
we can use the third conditional to show how angry or how frustrated we are
533
2169820
4970
3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒไปŠใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใฉใ‚Œใปใฉๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใฉใ‚Œใปใฉใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
36:14
about this situation right now. Look, if you hadn't been so rude,
534
2174790
4290
ใ€‚ ใปใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚“ใชใซๅคฑ็คผใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€
36:19
they would've invited you back.
535
2179380
1650
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใพใŸๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ—ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
36:23
You were rude. Well, obviously that didn't work out well for you did it.
536
2183550
4440
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅคฑ็คผใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใพใ‚ใ€ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
36:28
Now they're not going to invite you back again in the future.
537
2188560
2760
ไปŠๅพŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅ†ใณๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
36:34
You can't go back and change it. Now can you, whether you want to or not.
538
2194140
4830
ๆˆปใฃใฆๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆœ›ใ‚€ใจๆœ›ใพใ–ใ‚‹ใซใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ไปŠใชใ‚‰ใใ‚ŒใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
36:39
So I'm just going to use the third conditional. Now to tell you off,
539
2199120
4470
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่จ€ใฃใฆใŠใใพใ™ใŒใ€
36:46
if I hadn't been going so fast, I wouldn't have been fined.
540
2206020
3810
ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใใ‚“ใชใซๆ€ฅใ„ใงใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€็ฝฐ้‡‘ใฏๅ–ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
36:51
Yeah, I got fined, which is annoying, but it's already happened.
541
2211870
4260
ใฏใ„ใ€็ฝฐ้‡‘ใ‚’็ง‘ใ›ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ฟทๆƒ‘ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ใงใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
36:56
I can't change it now, right? That's something you definitely can't change.
542
2216130
4710
ไปŠใฏๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏ็ตถๅฏพใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
37:01
So we use the third conditional to talk about things that we regret,
543
2221080
3900
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฏใ€ๅพŒๆ‚”ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚„ใ€
37:05
things that we wish we could change about the past,
544
2225670
3900
้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใฎใซใจๆ€ใ†ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
37:09
and also to tell someone off for something that they did in the
545
2229930
4440
่ชฐใ‹ใŒ้ŽๅŽปใซใ‚„ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’้ž้›ฃใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
37:14
past. So it's pretty useful, right?
546
2234370
2550
ใ€‚ ใ‹ใชใ‚Šไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
37:16
It's a really handy structure to have up your sleeve to know. All right,
547
2236920
4560
็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใใจ้žๅธธใซไพฟๅˆฉใชๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
37:21
so let's talk about what it looks like now.
548
2241480
2730
ใใ‚ŒใงใฏไปŠใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
37:24
So to make the third conditional, we need a few things.
549
2244390
3900
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ“ใจใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
37:28
We need if and the past, perfect.
550
2248320
3300
ifใจ้ŽๅŽปใ€ๅฎŒ็’งใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
37:32
Then we need a comma, and then we need the perfect conditional.
551
2252850
3660
ๆฌกใซใ€ใ‚ซใƒณใƒžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚Šใ€ๆฌกใซๅฎŒๅ…จๆกไปถใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
37:38
You might be wondering what the heck is the past perfect or the perfect
552
2258100
4350
้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ใ‚„ๆกไปถๅฎŒไบ†ใจใฏไธ€ไฝ“ไฝ•ใชใฎใ‹็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
37:42
conditional. So think about it this way,
553
2262450
4170
ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
37:46
the past perfect is subject with had
554
2266650
4590
้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ใฏใ€had ใ‚’ไผดใ†ไธป่ชž
37:51
and the past participant verb. If I had left earlier,
555
2271600
4110
ใจ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‚ๅŠ ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—ฉใๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€
37:56
if you hadn't been so rude if I hadn't been going so
556
2276190
4770
ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใใ‚“ใชใซๆ€ฅใ„ใงใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใปใฉๅคฑ็คผใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
38:00
fast, okay, these are all examples of the past, perfect.
557
2280960
4530
ๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ้ŽๅŽปใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€ๅฎŒ็’งใงใ™ใ€‚
38:06
Now the perfect conditional is subject
558
2286450
4410
ๅฎŒไบ†ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฏใ€
38:11
with wood have and the pastable verb.
559
2291190
4740
wood have ใจ่ฒผใ‚Šไป˜ใ‘ๅฏ่ƒฝใชๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไธป่ชžใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
38:16
So it's just the present, perfect with wood in front of it.
560
2296380
3630
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ•ใซใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๅ‰ใซๆœจๆใŒ็ฝฎใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
38:21
I wouldn't have missed my flight.
561
2301060
2310
้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใซไน—ใ‚Š้…ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
38:24
They would have invited you back. I wouldn't have got that
562
2304030
4860
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใพใŸๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ—ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใใฎใƒใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใฏๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ ใ‚ใ†
38:28
ticket. So let's put the third conditional all together.
563
2308890
3720
ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ใพใจใ‚ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
38:35
We need,
564
2315380
720
38:36
if the subject had and the past
565
2316100
4830
ไปถๅใซ้ŽๅŽปใฎ
38:40
participant, then our comma, very important,
566
2320930
4380
ๅ‚ๅŠ ่€…ใŒใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใฎๅพŒใซ
38:46
followed by our subject,
567
2326060
1650
ไปถๅใŒ็ถšใใ€
38:47
would have a past participant.
568
2327950
3300
้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‚ๅŠ ่€…ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
38:51
That's the third conditional.
569
2331400
1620
ใใ‚ŒใŒ3ใค็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใงใ™ใ€‚
38:53
So let's look at some examples to help it sink in a little. All right,
570
2333620
3900
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
38:58
let's do our third conditional checks first. All right?
571
2338030
3660
ใพใš 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
39:02
Are we talking about the past or the present here?
572
2342350
3120
ใ“ใ“ใง่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚็พๅœจใฎใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
39:08
It was in the past. Did it actually happen?
573
2348110
3450
ใใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎใ“ใจใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
39:13
No, you didn't call. So I didn't come.
574
2353600
4440
ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚“ใ ใ€‚
39:19
I wish that I could change this because I'd love to come.
575
2359210
3000
่กŒใใŸใ„ใฎใงๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
39:23
If she had replied to my message, I wouldn't have been so worried.
576
2363440
4350
ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ็งใฎใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใซ่ฟ”ไบ‹ใ‚’ใใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚“ใชใซๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
39:28
So I'm kind of telling her off here, right? I'm a bit frustrated.
577
2368750
3210
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ“ใ“ใงๅฝผๅฅณใซ่จ€ใ„่žใ‹ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
39:32
Did she reply to my message,
578
2372770
1950
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใฎใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใซ่ฟ”ไฟกใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
39:37
but was I worried? Yeah,
579
2377330
2220
็งใฏๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ†ใ ใ€
39:40
I wish that she had so that I didn't have to worry.
580
2380390
3330
็งใŒๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใใฆใ‚‚ๆธˆใ‚€ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใŒใใ†ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใซใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใฃใจ
39:44
If I had taken better care of myself, I wouldn't have got sick.
581
2384470
3780
่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅคงๅˆ‡ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€็—…ๆฐ—ใซใฏใชใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
39:50
So I'm expressing regret about the past here.
582
2390710
3330
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ“ใ“ใง้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆๅพŒๆ‚”ใ‚’่กจๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใฃใจ
39:54
I wish I'd taken better care of myself. Now,
583
2394040
3360
่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅคงๅˆ‡ใซใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
39:57
you'll remember from some of my other conditional lessons that we can actually
584
2397460
4530
ไป–ใฎๆกไปถไป˜ใใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ
40:01
use different modal verbs in the main claws.
585
2401990
3360
ใƒกใ‚คใƒณใฎ็ˆชใงใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
40:05
So we can replace would have with other modal,
586
2405710
4770
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€will have ใ‚’ might ใ‚„ Could ใชใฉใฎไป–ใฎใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
40:10
like might and could.
587
2410600
2220
ใ€‚
40:13
So we use might have to show probability or certainty
588
2413660
4440
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็ขบ็އใ‚„็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซ might have ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ
40:19
If she'd studied more, she might have passed,
589
2419870
3180
ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝผๅฅณใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅˆๆ ผใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„
40:24
but she might have also failed. Again, we are not sure. We're not certain,
590
2424280
3690
ใŒใ€ๅคฑๆ•—ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใซใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็ขบใ‹ใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ
40:28
right? If we were certain about that imaginary result in the past,
591
2428090
4890
ใญ๏ผŸ ้ŽๅŽปใซใใฎๆƒณๅƒไธŠใฎ็ตๆžœใซใคใ„ใฆ็ขบไฟกใŒใ‚ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
40:33
then we would use would have. That's more certain.
592
2433010
3630
would have ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใฎใปใ†ใŒ็ขบๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚
40:36
Since we're not exactly sure about what the result would've been.
593
2436970
3450
็ตๆžœใŒใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏๆญฃ็ขบใซใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
40:40
Then using might have is probably the better option. Now,
594
2440660
4500
ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ might have ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€
40:45
we use could have to talk about possibility and ability.
595
2445160
4230
ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใจ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
40:49
If you had lent me your car, I could have got there faster.
596
2449780
3930
ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใซ่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—ฉใใใ“ใซ็€ใ„ใŸใฎใซใ€‚
40:54
Now, I'm not promising that I absolutely would've.
597
2454730
3270
ไปŠใ€็งใฏ็ตถๅฏพใซใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจ็ด„ๆŸใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ปŠใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—ฉใ
40:58
I'm just saying that I would've been able to get there
598
2458720
4350
ใใ“ใซ็€ใใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™
41:03
faster with a car.
599
2463070
2550
ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใฃใจ
41:06
I would have the ability to arrive sooner.
600
2466040
4200
ๆ—ฉใๅˆฐ็€ใงใใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
41:10
So now that we've broken it down a little bit,
601
2470930
2730
ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—็ดฐๅˆ†ๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
41:13
how are you feeling about the third conditional?
602
2473660
2460
3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
41:16
And if you are thinking something along the lines of,
603
2476240
2100
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€
41:20
if I'd seen this video earlier, I wouldn't have been so confused.
604
2480260
4920
ใ‚‚ใ—ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—ฉใ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚“ใชใซๆททไนฑใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
41:25
Well, I must be doing something right.
605
2485690
2160
ใพใ‚ใ€็งใฏไฝ•ใ‹ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
41:28
I know that conditionals can be a little overwhelming because of the
606
2488240
4380
41:32
subtle differences between all of the different types of conditionals,
607
2492630
4140
ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กžใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใซใฏๅพฎๅฆ™ใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใง
41:37
but also the significant differences in meaning.
608
2497190
2940
ใชใใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใ‚‚ๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใซใใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
41:40
So hopefully with each of my conditional lessons,
609
2500850
3210
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆกไปถไป˜ใใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’้‡ใญใ‚‹ใ”ใจใซใ€
41:44
it's becoming a little clearer. So if you're enjoying this series,
610
2504070
4160
ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ใšใคๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
41:48
make sure you share this lesson, like the lesson,
611
2508290
3360
ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใจๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€
41:51
share it with anyone that you think will find it useful.
612
2511650
2850
ๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใจๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไบบใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
41:56
Mixed conditionals are exactly what they sound like a conditional sentence
613
2516900
4650
ๆททๅˆๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฏใ€ใพใ•ใซใใฎๅใฎ้€šใ‚Šใ€
42:01
that mixes two different times in one sentence.
614
2521580
4800
1 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธญใซ 2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๆททๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
42:07
Now it sounds a little tricky,
615
2527130
1560
ๅฐ‘ใ—้›ฃใ—ใ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
42:09
but I'm here to go over it with you and to help you practise with me later on in
616
2529170
4200
ใŒใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๅพŒๅŠใงไธ€็ท’ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™
42:13
this lesson. So don't worry.
617
2533370
1830
ใ€‚ ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
42:15
If you had learned how to use mixed conditionals already,
618
2535470
3240
ๆททๅˆๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆ—ขใซๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
42:18
you wouldn't need to watch this lesson. Check it out.
619
2538800
4170
ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ–่ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใชใ€‚
42:23
That is a mixed, conditional sentence. And by the end of this video,
620
2543120
3960
ใใ‚Œใฏๆททๅˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซ
42:27
you'll be feeling much more confident about using mixed conditionals as you
621
2547140
4650
ๆททๅˆๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ่‡ชไฟกใŒๆŒใฆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
42:31
speak in English. So let's go. If you've watched some of my previous lessons,
622
2551790
4470
ใ€‚ ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ€่กŒใ“ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใฎไปฅๅ‰ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
42:36
or perhaps you've studied conditionals at school, well,
623
2556290
3420
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๅญฆๆ กใงๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€
42:39
you'll know that the zero conditional is used to talk about facts and things
624
2559710
4320
ใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚„ไธ€่ˆฌใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ไบ‹ๆŸ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
42:44
that are generally true.
625
2564040
1190
ใ€‚
42:45
The first conditional talks about a likely present situation.
626
2565290
4170
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฏใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ็พๅœจใฎ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
42:49
The second talks about hypothetical or highly unlikely
627
2569550
4710
2 ใค็›ฎใฏใ€ไปฎๅฎšใฎใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้žๅธธใซไฝŽใ„
42:54
present or future situations.
628
2574260
2340
็พๅœจใพใŸใฏๅฐ†ๆฅใฎ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
42:56
And the third conditional is a past situation which didn't happen.
629
2576990
4320
ใใ—ใฆ3็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใฏใ€่ตทใ“ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚
43:01
So these are all useful for talking about situations that relate to
630
2581430
4890
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใ€ๅ€‹ๅˆฅใฎๆ™‚้–“ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™
43:06
actions in isolation in their own time.
631
2586380
3480
ใ€‚
43:10
So the third conditional relates to the past,
632
2590190
2610
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
43:13
but mixed conditionals help you to move through time.
633
2593250
3870
ใŒใ€ๆททๅˆๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฏๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
43:17
So a past action with a present result gets exciting.
634
2597600
4740
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็พๅœจใฎ็ตๆžœใ‚’ไผดใ†้ŽๅŽปใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใฏ่ˆˆๅฅฎใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
43:22
As I mentioned earlier,
635
2602880
1590
ๅ‰ใซ่ฟฐในใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
43:24
a key idea when we use mixed conditionals is time,
636
2604830
4620
ๆททๅˆๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฎ้‡่ฆใช่€ƒใˆๆ–นใฏๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™
43:30
but don't confuse time with verb tense. So of course,
637
2610380
4860
ใŒใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใจๆททๅŒใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฝ“็„ถใฎใ“ใจใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€
43:35
we use different verb tenses to express different times. That's true.
638
2615240
4740
็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใ ใ€‚
43:40
But time and tense are not always the same thing.
639
2620430
3960
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใจๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
43:45
So if we take a look at a couple of sentences,
640
2625200
2400
ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
43:48
I had a dog when I was a child.
641
2628350
2490
ๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใ€็งใฏ็Šฌใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
43:52
She was cleaning all day yesterday.
642
2632610
2490
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๆŽƒ้™คใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
43:55
So are these two sentences using the same verb tense?
643
2635880
4170
ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใฏๅŒใ˜ๅ‹•่ฉžๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
44:02
This is the past simple, and this one is the past continuous.
644
2642810
4110
ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฏๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฏ็ถ™็ถš้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ใ€‚
44:07
They're not using the same tenses,
645
2647310
2130
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅŒใ˜ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
44:10
but they are referring to the same time.
646
2650010
3330
ใŒใ€ๅŒใ˜ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
44:14
They both take place in the past. So they have the same time reference.
647
2654390
4860
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŒใ˜ๆ™‚้–“ๅŸบๆบ–ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
44:20
And like I said earlier,
648
2660210
1290
ๅ…ˆใปใฉใ‚‚่ฟฐในใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
44:21
mixed conditionals are conditional sentences that use two different
649
2661530
4830
ๆททๅˆๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฏ 2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ™‚ๅˆปใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใ™
44:26
times in them. They help us to move between two times.
650
2666360
4350
ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็งใŸใกใŒ 2 ใคใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฎ้–“ใ‚’็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
44:31
So if clause and the main clause in a mixed conditional sentence have
651
2671230
4920
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆททๅˆๆกไปถๆ–‡ๅ†…ใฎๅฅใจไธปๅฅใŒ
44:36
different times that work together, if I had woken up earlier,
652
2676210
4920
็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ™‚ๅˆปใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€้€ฃๆบใ—ใฆๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—ฉใ่ตทใใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€
44:41
I wouldn't have missed the bus.
653
2681430
1800
ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚Š้…ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
44:44
So both these clauses take place in the past, right?
654
2684250
3420
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆก้ …ใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚้ŽๅŽปใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
44:47
I'm talking about this morning, yesterday morning,
655
2687970
3420
ไปŠๆœใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎๆœใ€
44:51
or some other morning in the past, and the result that I missed,
656
2691390
4290
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎๆœใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€็ตๆžœ็š„ใซใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚Š้…ใ‚ŒใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ
44:55
the bus also happened in the past.
657
2695680
3180
ใ‚‚้ŽๅŽปใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
44:59
So I already missed the bus. I can't change that now.
658
2699130
3390
ใใ‚Œใง็งใฏใ™ใงใซใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚Š้…ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไปŠใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
45:02
So let's change the sentence a little to make it a mixed conditional.
659
2702670
4950
ใใ“ใงใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใฆๆททๅˆๆกไปถๆ–‡ใซใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
45:08
To do that, we need one of the clauses to be in a different time.
660
2708280
3810
ใใฎใŸใ‚ใซใฏใ€ๅฅใฎ 1 ใคใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎๆ™‚้–“ใซ็ฝฎใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
45:13
So if clause is happening in the past,
661
2713110
3600
if ็ฏ€ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
45:17
so let's make our main clause about the present.
662
2717280
3660
็พๅœจใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ไธป็ฏ€ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใฃใจ
45:22
If I had woken up earlier, I would be at work already.
663
2722530
4320
ๆ—ฉใ่ตทใใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไป•ไบ‹ใซ็€ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
45:28
I wouldn't have missed the bus, so I would be at work already.
664
2728260
4050
ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚Š้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไป•ไบ‹ใซ็€ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
45:32
Now in the present. So now we've got a mixed conditional sentence.
665
2732370
4980
ไปŠใ€็พๅœจใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ๆททๅˆๆกไปถๆ–‡ใŒๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
45:37
One clause refers to a past action, and the other refers to the present.
666
2737350
4800
1 ใคใฎๆ–‡็ฏ€ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎๆ–‡็ฏ€ใฏ็พๅœจใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
45:43
See, it's not as hard as you think once you break it down,
667
2743140
4440
ใปใ‚‰ใ€ๅˆ†่งฃใ—ใฆใฟใ‚Œใฐๆ€ใฃใŸใปใฉ้›ฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
45:47
but it takes practise. So let's keep going.
668
2747880
2400
ใŒใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็ถšใ‘ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
45:50
There are a few different ways that we can do this.
669
2750760
2670
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใซใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
45:53
You can mix and match several tenses and times together
670
2753440
4970
่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใจๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆใ€
45:58
to make a mixed conditional sentence.
671
2758410
2340
ๆททๅˆๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
46:01
But I want to focus on the two most common combinations.
672
2761110
4230
ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช 2 ใคใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
46:06
So a past action and a present result,
673
2766180
3240
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใจ็พๅœจใฎ็ตๆžœใ€
46:09
which is just the example that we just looked at,
674
2769600
2370
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ…ˆใปใฉ่ฆ‹ใŸไพ‹ใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
46:12
and then a present condition and a past result.
675
2772720
4440
็พๅœจใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใจ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตๆžœใงใ™ใ€‚
46:18
So remember in both of these sentences,
676
2778420
3120
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธกๆ–นใงใ€
46:21
we're talking about something that's unreal. In the first,
677
2781990
3090
้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่ฉฑใงใฏใ€
46:25
we're talking about changing a past action and the
678
2785080
3900
้ŽๅŽปใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ
46:28
hypothetical present result that would happen,
679
2788980
3870
่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹็พๅœจใฎ็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ด
46:32
but it can't happen because we can't change the past.
680
2792970
3210
ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
46:36
And in the second we imagine that the present were
681
2796840
4800
ใใ—ใฆไบŒ็•ช็›ฎใงใฏใ€็พๅœจใฏ้•ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใพใ™
46:41
different. Now it's not. But if it were,
682
2801650
4250
ใ€‚ ไปŠใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใ ใฃใŸใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€
46:46
then how would the past hypothetically have been
683
2806650
4680
้ŽๅŽปใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใจไปฎๅฎšใ—ใพใ™ใ‹
46:51
different as a result? It's a little confusing. I know.
684
2811330
3420
? ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
46:55
Let's keep going. So to create the first one,
685
2815380
2970
็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€
46:58
we need the past perfect in the if clause and the present,
686
2818350
4500
if ็ฏ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ใจ
47:02
conditional in the main clause.
687
2822860
2000
ไธป็ฏ€ใฎๆกไปถไป˜ใ็พๅœจใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
47:05
So if this thing had happened,
688
2825370
3000
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ“ใฎใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
47:09
then that thing would happen.
689
2829210
2820
ใ‚ใฎใ“ใจใ‚‚่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
47:13
If I had saved more money, I would own this house.
690
2833650
3810
ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒฏใ‚ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ“ใฎๅฎถใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใซใ€‚
47:18
If you hadn't taken that job, we would be travelling together.
691
2838870
3780
ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฐฑใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏไธ€็ท’ใซๆ—…่กŒใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
47:24
If they had paid more attention, they wouldn't be failing in class.
692
2844300
4050
ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆŽˆๆฅญใง่ฝ็ฌฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
47:28
And don't that like all conditionals,
693
2848560
2590
ใ™ในใฆใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€
47:31
you can change the order of the if clause and the main clause.
694
2851150
3900
if ็ฏ€ใจใƒกใ‚คใƒณ็ฏ€ใฎ้ †ๅบใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
47:36
This thing would happen if this thing had
695
2856100
4500
ใ‚‚ใ—ใ“ใฎไบ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใชไบ‹ใŒ
47:40
happened. So you can swap the order of the clauses,
696
2860610
2960
่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฅใฎ้ †ๅบใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œๆ›ฟใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ€
47:43
but all of the information is still there.
697
2863570
2640
ใ™ในใฆใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฏใใฎใพใพๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
47:46
I would own this house if I had saved more money.
698
2866390
4440
ใ‚‚ใฃใจใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒฏใ‚ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎๅฎถใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใซใ€‚
47:51
We still have a hypothetical past action in the if clause
699
2871070
4500
if ็ฏ€ใซใฏใพใ ไปฎๅฎšใฎ้ŽๅŽปใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
47:55
and the hypothetical present result in the main clause.
700
2875960
4050
ไธป็ฏ€ใซใฏไปฎๅฎšใฎ็พๅœจใฎ็ตๆžœใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
48:00
The other common mixed conditional sentence is a present condition
701
2880370
4890
ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆททๅˆๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฏใ€็พๅœจใฎ็Šถๆ…‹
48:05
and a past result.
702
2885650
1260
ใจ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตๆžœใงใ™ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตๆžœใ‚’
48:07
So this is an unreal present condition to imagine
703
2887090
4650
ๆƒณๅƒใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใช็พ็Šถใงใ™
48:11
what the result would've been in the past,
704
2891980
2670
48:14
but we'll never really know because this is imaginary, right?
705
2894770
4830
ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๆƒณๅƒไธŠใฎใ“ใจใชใฎใงๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
48:19
So imagine if this thing happened,
706
2899720
3690
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ“ใฎใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ†ใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
48:23
then this would've happened.
707
2903860
2730
ใ€‚
48:28
Now, all right, let's talk about this for a minute.
708
2908480
3090
ใ•ใฆใ€ๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
48:31
Because we're talking about a present condition, right?
709
2911570
4080
ใ ใฃใฆ็พ็Šถใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
48:35
But we're using the past simple tense in the if clause,
710
2915980
4350
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€if ็ฏ€ใงๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
48:41
but that's not a real past, right?
711
2921170
3330
ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎ้ŽๅŽปใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ?
48:44
This is how we use the second conditional to express a
712
2924830
3660
ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€
48:48
hypothetical present situation. If I were more outgoing,
713
2928490
4590
ไปฎๆƒณใฎ็พๅœจใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจ็คพไบค็š„ใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
48:53
I would've introduced myself. If he wasn't injured,
714
2933170
4110
่‡ชๅทฑ็ดนไป‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ๆ€ชๆˆ‘ใŒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
48:57
he would've played the game.
715
2937610
1650
ๅฝผใฏใใฎ่ฉฆๅˆใซๅ‡บๅ ดใ—ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
49:01
If I wasn't so busy, I would've offered to help. Now,
716
2941540
3780
ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใใ‚“ใชใซๅฟ™ใ—ใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๆ‰‹ไผใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’็”ณใ—ๅ‡บใŸใฎใซใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
49:05
you can also use this same general form to talk about a future
717
2945320
4680
ใ“ใ‚ŒใจๅŒใ˜ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅฝขๅผใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎ
49:10
action and a hypothetical past result. Now,
718
2950000
4770
ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚„ไปฎๅฎšใฎ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตๆžœใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
49:14
this is pretty advanced,
719
2954830
1590
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใงใ™
49:16
but you'll see how it can be a useful way of expressing yourself.
720
2956750
4500
ใŒใ€่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไพฟๅˆฉใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
49:21
Just imagine that tomorrow you had a really important meeting at work,
721
2961340
4410
ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ€่ทๅ ดใง้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชไผš่ญฐใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
49:25
a meeting that you've planned and you've organised and set it up for the future.
722
2965810
4770
ใใ‚Œใ‚’่จˆ็”ปใ—ใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่จˆ็”ปใ—ใฆๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ—ใŸไผš่ญฐใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
49:30
So you can't go out dancing tonight, obviously,
723
2970790
2970
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠๅคœใฏใƒ€ใƒณใ‚นใซๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
49:34
because you want to be well rested and alert for this meeting.
724
2974240
3030
ๅๅˆ†ใซไผ‘ใ‚“ใงใ€ใ“ใฎไผš่ญฐใซๅ‚™ใˆใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
49:37
Your boss is going to be there,
725
2977270
1260
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธŠๅธใŒใใ“ใซๆฅใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใงใ™
49:38
but if I didn't have an important meeting tomorrow,
726
2978890
3120
ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅ้‡่ฆใชไผš่ญฐใŒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
49:42
I would've gone out dancing. If she wasn't going on holiday next month,
727
2982820
4560
็งใฏ่ธŠใ‚Šใซๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ๆฅๆœˆไผ‘ๆš‡ใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€
49:47
she would've asked for a day off.
728
2987440
1890
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไผ‘ๆš‡ใ‚’็”ณ่ซ‹ใ—ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
49:51
If you weren't going on a big hike tomorrow,
729
2991190
2610
ใ‚‚ใ—ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅๅคงใใชใƒใ‚คใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
49:54
would you have come on a bike ride today?
730
2994370
1860
ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใซไน—ใ‚Šใซๆฅใฆใ„ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
49:58
So how are you feeling about mixed conditionals now?
731
2998540
3570
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๆททๅˆๆกไปถๆ–‡ใซใคใ„ใฆไปŠใฉใ†ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
50:02
I always think that it's easier if you focus less on the complicated grammar
732
3002440
4650
็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€่ค‡้›‘ใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆ™‚ๅˆถใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใšใซใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใจใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใŸๆ–นใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™
50:07
tenses and more on the relationships with time.
733
3007090
4170
ใ€‚
50:11
And the three most commonly used mixed conditional sentences are simply
734
3011530
4710
ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ 3 ใคใฎๆททๅˆๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซ
50:16
a past action with a present result,
735
3016630
2400
้ŽๅŽปใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใจ็พๅœจใฎ็ตๆžœใ€
50:20
a present condition with a past result,
736
3020260
2670
็พๅœจใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใจ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตๆžœใ€
50:23
and a future action and a past result.
737
3023800
2910
ๆœชๆฅใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใจ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตๆžœใงใ™ใ€‚
50:27
So now that you know all of this,
738
3027140
2280
ใ•ใฆใ€ไปฅไธŠใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ็†่งฃใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€
50:29
I think it's time that we practise a little together.
739
3029420
2850
ไธ€็ท’ใซๅฐ‘ใ—็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใฟใ‚ˆใ†ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
50:35
Phew.
740
3035420
833
ใตใƒผใ€‚
50:36
Grammar lessons like this one can sometimes leave you feeling like your brain
741
3036590
4950
ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€้ ญใŒ
50:41
has completely turned to mush,
742
3041540
1890
ๅฎŒๅ…จใซใƒ‰ใƒญใƒ‰ใƒญใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
50:43
but don't let conditional sentences scare you. Of course,
743
3043880
3720
ใŒใ€ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ€–ใŒใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
50:47
it will take time and it will take effort to understand how these English
744
3047600
4530
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใ€ๆญฃ็ขบใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚ๅŠดๅŠ›ใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
50:52
sentences work and how to use them accurately,
745
3052130
3180
50:55
but play around with them.
746
3055790
1710
ใ€‚
50:58
Keep the time and the tenses in mind. If you're reading a book,
747
3058010
4620
ๆ™‚้–“ใจๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๅฟต้ ญใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
51:02
highlight a conditional sentence that you read,
748
3062960
2760
่ชญใ‚“ใ ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟ่กจ็คบใ—ใฆใ€
51:05
and then just think about it for a moment.
749
3065750
2430
ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
51:08
Try to understand how the two clauses relate to each other.
750
3068510
3540
2 ใคใฎๆก้ …ใŒไบ’ใ„ใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
51:12
And don't forget that I've created the complete conditional workbook so you can
751
3072500
4560
ใพใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่€ƒใˆใฆไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆกไปถไป˜ใใƒฏใƒผใ‚ฏใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
51:17
start to think about and use these sentences on your own.
752
3077060
4140
ใ€‚
51:21
The link is down below.
753
3081740
1110
ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใฏไธ‹ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
51:23
I hope that you enjoyed this lesson and that you found it useful. Like it,
754
3083390
4500
ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใใ€ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฃใŸใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใญใ€
51:28
share it, subscribe. You know what to do.
755
3088190
3240
ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ€่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ในใใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
51:31
I'll see you in the next lesson.
756
3091970
1290
ๆฌกใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7