Compare ALL English Conditional Sentences (with examples!)

212,127 views ใƒป 2023-07-06

mmmEnglish


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Well, hey there. I'm Emma from mmmEnglish.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”. mmmEnglish์˜ ์— ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:04
Today we are going to go through everything you need to know about English
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:09
conditionals. We'll cover the zero conditional, the first conditional,
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. ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ 0๊ฐœ, ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ 1๊ฐœ, ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ
00:13
the second, the third,
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2๊ฐœ, 3๊ฐœ,
00:16
and mixed conditional sentences all here in this one lesson.
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ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
So there's a fair bit to cover, but by the end of this lesson,
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๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ฝค ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ ˆ์Šจ์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด
00:24
you are going to have everything you need to know about English conditional
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์˜์–ด ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:28
sentences. Plus,
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. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„
00:29
I've made you a complete workbook that you can download and use to practise
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์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์›Œํฌ๋ถ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:34
everything you learn in this lesson.
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.
00:36
It's completely free so that you can study and practise to your heart's content.
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๋งˆ์Œ๊ป ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์™„์ „ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
Just follow the link down in the description.
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์„ค๋ช…์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
But what I recommend is that you stay right here,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚จ์•„
00:48
you get your notebook out, stay focused,
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๊ณต์ฑ…์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:51
and you do your best to stay with me through the whole lesson.
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์ „์ฒด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
I know it's long, I know it's hard,
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๊ธธ๊ณ  ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ
00:58
but after that you can go and take the quiz to test what you know and also
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ํ›„์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ณ  ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ
01:03
find out which conditional sentences you might need to review and practise
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๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:08
again. Are you ready? Let's dive in.
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. ์ค€๋น„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
01:11
Meet English speaking friends with Hey Lady!
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ํ—ค์ด ๋ ˆ์ด๋””์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณด์„ธ์š”!
01:14
an online community connecting women around the world through English.
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ. ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ „์šฉ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ
01:18
We make it easy for you to meet fantastic English speaking partners from
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์˜์–ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์˜จ ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ธ ์˜์–ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:23
different countries to practise speaking English with regularly in the
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01:27
warmth and the safety of a women only environment.
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.
01:31
To learn more about what we do,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด
01:33
just click the link down in the description below.
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์•„๋ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
01:37
The zero conditional is also called the factual or the real conditional
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0 ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
because we use it to talk about truths and facts,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„์‹ค๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์‹ค,
01:46
things that are real in the world.
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์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
We also use it to talk about habits and rules and to give
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์Šต๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
01:54
instructions that are the result of something else happening first.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์ด ๋จผ์ € ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ ์ง€์นจ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
So in other words, if this happens,
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์ฆ‰, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
02:03
then this is the result. Always. Okay?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
02:08
It's a fact. It's the truth. It's just how it is.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„์‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
It's what happens. Let's take a closer look at what it looks like
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์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:16
because it's really simple.
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.
02:20
We use the present simple in both clauses. Now,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ์ ˆ์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ if ์ ˆ
02:25
why does it say if or when can be used in the
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์—์„œ if ๋˜๋Š” when์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
02:29
if clause? That's a good question. In the zero conditional,
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? ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์•ผ. 0 ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š”
02:34
you can use either if or when in the if clause.
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if ์ ˆ์—์„œ if ๋˜๋Š” when์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
And the meaning with either word is pretty similar,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ฝค ๋น„์Šท
02:43
but we use if when there is a chance that the action will happen,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:48
but it might not happen as well. Okay? If it does happen,
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์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— if๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
02:52
then we know exactly what the result will be. If I work out, I feel healthier.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ค์–ด์š”.
02:58
So I work out and the result is pretty obvious. When I do work out,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฝค ๋ป”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด
03:03
I feel healthier, I feel better about myself. It's true,
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž๊ธด ํ•œ๋ฐ
03:08
but that doesn't mean that I do it all the time, right?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งจ๋‚  ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
03:11
I don't always feel healthy,
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03:13
especially if I don't work out. We use when we know for
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ํŠนํžˆ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
03:18
sure that that action is going to happen.
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๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
We might not know exactly when it's going to happen, but we know that it will.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ผ์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
Okay? When I work out, I feel healthier.
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ ๋‹ค.
03:29
So I've removed the possibility that it's not going to happen.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์‹ฌ
03:33
There's no question about it. I will work out the specific time. Doesn't matter.
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์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์–ด.
03:38
We just know that it's going to happen in the future.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
So it's a subtle difference. Very, very subtle.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
And the same difference actually applies in the first conditional.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์—๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
We can use if or when as well in the first conditional, but we'll get to that.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋„ if ๋˜๋Š” when์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
Back to forming the zero conditional.
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์ œ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
Let's look at a few examples to help us do that.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
When the sun sets, it gets dark.
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ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฉด ์–ด๋‘์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
If you leave milk out, it spoils. If the power goes out,
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์šฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋†”๋‘๋ฉด ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ •์ „๋˜๋ฉด
04:09
we can't watch tv.
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TV๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
So these are all facts and truths right? Now,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ์ง„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ž,
04:15
what about this sentence. In winter it's cold.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ฒจ์šธ์—๋Š” ์ถฅ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
Is it a zero conditional sentence? It's a fact.
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์ œ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค.
04:25
It has the present simple verb,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
04:28
but it's not a conditional sentence. Can you tell me why
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ
04:34
We don't have two clauses? It is a fact,
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ ˆ์ด ์—†๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ
04:37
but we don't have the condition and the result clause.
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์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ ˆ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
It's just a present simple sentence.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
But what about now if it's cold, light the fire.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ถ”์šฐ๋ฉด ๋ถˆ์„ ์ผœ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:51
Now we've got a condition and the result,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
and this is a good example of how the zero conditional can be used to give
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 0 ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ด ๋ช…๋ น์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:59
instructions,
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.
05:01
and I'm using the imperative form to do that.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช…๋ นํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
I'm telling you what to do, instructing you.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
We also use the zero conditional to talk about rules.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฑด 0์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
Children can swim if an adult is with them,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
05:15
and we use it to talk about habits. If it's hot,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šต๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”์šฐ๋ฉด
05:20
I go to the beach. This is something that I usually do. It's a habit, right?
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ํ•ด๋ณ€์— ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šต๊ด€์ด์ฃ ?
05:25
It happens often.
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์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
Can you see how in all of these examples that the two separate parts of the
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
05:31
sentence are connected?
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?
05:33
We're stating a fact or a truth in the main clause,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ ˆ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์ง„์ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:36
but it's only possible on the condition that the if
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ if
05:41
clause occurs.
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์ ˆ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
So now we know that the zero conditional is the factual or the real
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 0 ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ
05:48
conditional. What about the first conditional?
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:53
It's also called the possible conditional. Now,
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
05:58
we're not talking about facts anymore,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค,
06:01
things that are absolutely 100% true.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ 100% ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
Now we're talking about possible future results.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
They might happen, but they might not happen as well.
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์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
So can you guess when it might be useful to use the first conditional a
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์œ ์šฉํ• ์ง€ ์ถ”์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
06:17
time when you are thinking about what's possible in the future?
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?
06:25
We can use it to talk about predictions, superstitions plans,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธก, ๋ฏธ์‹  ๊ณ„ํš,
06:31
promises, offers, suggestions,
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์•ฝ์†, ์ œ์•ˆ, ์ œ์•ˆ
06:35
and warnings.
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๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
There's a lot of different ways that we can use the first conditional.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
So all of these things talk about what is likely to happen in the
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:46
future, a likely outcome. So in the first conditional,
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์—์„œ,
06:50
we're not just using the present simple anymore, right?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
06:54
Because we're talking about the future. In the if clause,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. if ์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š”
06:58
we still use a present simple verb,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
07:00
but in the main clause we use the future tense. Well,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์Ž„,
07:05
if this thing happens, then this will likely happen.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
It will probably happen.
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์•„๋งˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
We can't be absolutely sure you think so
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07:18
If you don't eat now, you'll be hungry later.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ”Œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
If she doesn't call, I'll be annoyed.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์งœ์ฆ์ด ๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
And just like in the zero conditional,
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์ œ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ if
07:28
we can still use if or when in the if clause,
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์ ˆ์—์„œ if ๋˜๋Š” when์„ ๊ณ„์† ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜
07:32
and it depends on how sure we are that something is going to happen.
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
And when tells us that we're very,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
07:39
very confident that the action in the if clause is going to happen
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if ์ ˆ์˜ ๋™์ž‘์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:43
and the result in the main clause is the most likely outcome
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์žˆ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์ ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€
07:49
when the sun sets, it will get cold. Now,
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ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์งˆ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž,
07:53
what about this sentence? If aliens arrive on
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”? ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ์ด
07:57
earth, I will greet them. Now, I'll give you a clue.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋งž์ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ํžŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
There is something not quite right about this sentence,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๊ณ ,
08:06
something about it sounds strange,
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์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
08:09
but it has a present simple verb and will with the base verb following.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ will์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
So it looks right, but this isn't a possible situation.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ณ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
Well, not really.
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๊ธ€์Ž„,๋ณ„๋กœ. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ
08:23
I could be unintentionally starting a debate about the existence of alien life
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์™ธ๊ณ„ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์˜ ์กด์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ณธ์˜ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:28
right here.
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.
08:29
But this is more of a hypothetical situation.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
So it would be better to use the second conditional to talk about this
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:38
hypothetical situation.
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.
08:41
So we talked about the zero conditional.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์ œ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
We've talked about the first conditional,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
08:46
but what's the difference between them and why would you choose one over the
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ฉฐ ์™œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
08:50
other? Let's take a look.
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? ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ž.
08:55
If you leave the milk out, it spoils.
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์šฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‘๋ฉด ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค.
09:00
If you leave the milk out,
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์šฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋ฉด
09:02
it will spoil which one's correct.
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์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ณ์€์ง€ ๋ง์น  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
It's a trick question. They're both correct. They're both possible.
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ํŠธ๋ฆญ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
But choosing to use the zero or the first conditional does change the
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 0 ๋˜๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋ฉด
09:15
meaning of the sentence a little. So in the first sentence,
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ
09:20
we're stating a general fact. It's true, right?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ง„์ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์•ผ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€?
09:24
In general, in life,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ
09:27
at any moment when you leave milk out of the fridge,
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์šฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์—์„œ ๊บผ๋‚ด๋ฉด ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ์ƒ
09:31
it spoils.
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ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
So I might use the zero conditional to explain to a child that milk
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์— ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฑด 0์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:37
spoils when it's not in the fridge, right?
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. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:40
The child didn't know that fact beforehand.
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์•„์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
I'm telling them so that they know in the future when I use the first
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
09:47
conditional sentence,
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09:48
I'm telling you about a possible outcome based on the
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09:53
current situation.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
So it's like advice or warning about a present situation,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์–ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
09:59
something that is specific. So imagine that you've just made a coffee,
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
10:04
you left the milk on the bench,
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๋ฒค์น˜์— ์šฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋†“๊ณ 
10:05
and then you've gone off to the living room to watch some telly.
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ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฑฐ์‹ค๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:10
So I'm using the first conditional now to warn you or remind you
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
10:14
about what might happen if you don't put the milk in the fridge.
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์šฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์— ๋„ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
So I'm not telling you a general life lesson or a fact about life,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ตํ›ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
you probably already know that milk spoils,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์šฐ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:27
but I'm giving you a suggestion or a reminder that you should put it in the
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10:31
fridge. Now, let's look at a few more comparisons.
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. ์ด์ œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
When the sun sets, it gets cold,
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ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฉด ์ถ”์›Œ์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ,
10:39
compare it to when the sun sets it will get cold.
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ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฉด ์ถ”์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
10:45
So I'm using the zero conditional again to talk about a general fact,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฑด 0์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
all right? Around the world in general,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฉด
10:53
it gets colder when the sun sets.
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๋” ์ถ”์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
But if you are about to leave the house and you're wearing just a t-shirt,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ง‘์„ ๋‚˜์„œ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ ๋งŒ ์ž…๊ณ 
11:01
and I might be a little bit worried that you're going to get cold,
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์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ถ”์›Œ์งˆ๊นŒ๋ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:05
then I might use the first conditional sentence to remind you that
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
11:10
in a few hours when the sun sets,
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ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฉด ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€
11:12
it's probably going to get cold. And maybe you should bring a jacket.
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์ถ”์›Œ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žฌํ‚ท์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
Let's try one more. If she doesn't call, I'm annoyed.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์งœ์ฆ์ด ๋‚œ๋‹ค.
11:21
If she doesn't call, I'll be annoyed.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์งœ์ฆ์ด ๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
So in the first situation,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š”
11:26
the zero conditional is used because it's something that happens a lot, right?
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๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ 0์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
She often doesn't call, and every time I'm annoyed,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์งœ์ฆ์ด ๋‚  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค,
11:35
every time she doesn't call, I'm annoyed.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‚˜๋Š” ์งœ์ฆ์ด ๋‚œ๋‹ค.
11:37
It's a really general statement about how I feel on many occasions.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ง ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
In the first conditional example though,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š”
11:45
I'm talking about a specific phone call.
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ํŠน์ • ์ „ํ™” ํ†ตํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
Maybe I'm waiting for a colleague to call. I'm waiting for some information,
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๋™๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
information that I need to finish writing my report by the deadline,
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๋งˆ๊ฐ์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์ž‘์„ฑ์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:56
and she promised to call me this afternoon.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜คํ›„์— ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
So I'm not talking about her general calling habits.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ „ํ™” ์Šต๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
I don't always get annoyed with her,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์งœ์ฆ์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
12:05
but I am talking about right now in this moment,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
12:09
I'm worried that my colleague's not going to call,
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๋™๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ์•ˆ ํ• ๊นŒ๋ด ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด ๋˜๊ณ , ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
12:12
and I'm just expressing that it's really annoying
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์ •๋ง ์งœ์ฆ๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ด๋‹ค.
12:16
because I'm trying to finish my report.
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๋‚ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ. ์ด์ œ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
12:19
I hope that you're feeling a bit more confident about using the zero and first
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0๊ณผ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:23
conditional now because it's time to practise. So what I'm going to
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€
12:28
do is I'll give you a situation and you're going to have to write
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ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”
12:32
either a zero conditional sentence or a first conditional sentence to go with
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ 0๊ฐœ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ ์ค‘
12:37
it, whichever one you think is the most appropriate one. All right?
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
12:41
I want you to write your sentences in the comments below for now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
Let's start with this one.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
12:47
You're a teacher and you want to warn your students that they need to
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
12:52
do their homework or tomorrow there's going to be trouble.
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์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋‚ด์ผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:57
They're going to get in trouble, right?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณค๊ฒฝ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
12:59
So should you use the zero or the first conditional
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 0์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€
13:07
Good should be the first conditional. Now,
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Good์„ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
13:09
this is a warning about a specific situation,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง„์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:13
not a general truth, because we're talking about tomorrow.
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. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
Okay? So you could say something like, if you don't do your homework,
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
13:23
you will be in trouble. All right?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ณค๊ฒฝ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
13:27
Let's get started with this lesson.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
When can you use the second conditional?
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์€ ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:33
We use it in a few ways to imagine that our lives or
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์ด๋‚˜
13:38
someone else's life is different.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
We use it to ask hypothetical questions,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
13:44
to give advice and to give reasons why you can't do something.
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์กฐ์–ธ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
So you might have practised a little with the first two,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์—ฐ์Šตํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„
13:52
but the third and the fourth are both interesting and different ways to
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์™€ ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ 
13:57
use the second conditional. So I'm really excited to get into those.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋˜์–ด ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
But let's start with number one.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
We use the second conditional to talk about things in the future that are
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:10
unlikely or things that are impossible in the present. So
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
14:15
we use it to imagine and to dream that the present situation is
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์‹ค์ œ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:20
different than it really is. Now,
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.
14:22
this could be because it's impossible now or because it's really
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
14:27
unlikely to become real in the future. Not completely impossible,
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ •๋ง ํฌ๋ฐ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
14:32
but unlikely. So with the second conditional, we say,
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
14:36
if this happened, then that would happen.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ €๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
So for example, if I had enough money,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ˆ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋ฉด
14:44
I would buy a house. If the present situation was different,
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์ง‘์„ ์‚ด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:49
then I would do that. If I won the lottery,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณต๊ถŒ์— ๋‹น์ฒจ๋˜๋ฉด
14:54
I'd buy a house. Now,
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์ง‘์„ ์‚ด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž,
14:57
this is an unlikely event in the future, right?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด
15:00
Because it's unlikely I'm going to win the lottery possible, but unlikely.
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ํฌ๋ฐ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณต๊ถŒ์— ๋‹น์ฒจ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
But before we keep going with the other ways to use the second conditional,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
15:10
let's spend a little bit of time focusing on what it looks like.
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๋ชจ์–‘์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ• ์• ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
Conditional sentences all have an if clause and a
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๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์—๋Š” if์ ˆ๊ณผ
15:20
main clause, which is sometimes also called the result clause,
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์ฃผ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, if์ ˆ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:26
because it can only happen if
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15:30
clause occurs. It's a condition, right?
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. ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
15:34
If this happens, then that happens. Now,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ € ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž,
15:39
what exactly makes a conditional sentence? The second conditional.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€.
15:45
So the second conditional uses a past simple verb in the if
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์€ if ์ ˆ์—์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
15:50
clause then would followed by the Infiniti
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์ฃผ์ ˆ์—์„œ Infiniti ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:55
verb in the main clause. If she lived in London,
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. ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:59
she would have English friends.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์ธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ทˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:03
If clause is the condition, does she live in London?
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If ์ ˆ์ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
16:09
No, we're talking about a hypothetical situation here, right?
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
So the result clause suggests what would be different
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ ˆ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅผ์ง€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ 
16:18
and would tells us that where imagining the result,
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
16:23
or she would have English friends, it's not real.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹˜์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:28
She doesn't have English friends now,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€
16:30
but it could happen ifshe lived in London.
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์‚ด๋ฉด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:35
If she lived in London, she would have English friends.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์ธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ทˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:39
Now you can definitely make one or both clauses
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์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ ˆ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ถ€์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:44
negative in a second conditional sentence. If I didn't want to go,
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. ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:49
I would tell you
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16:52
if I didn't finish my homework, I wouldn't tell my teacher.
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์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ ๋๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:58
And of course we can ask second conditional questions too
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€์ƒ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:02
hypothetical questions to ask someone to imagine what they would
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17:07
do in a different situation. So these situations are not real,
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ค์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
17:11
but it's kind of fun to ask these types of questions, right?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์ฃ ?
17:15
Really helps to keep conversations going sometimes.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ •๋ง ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:19
What would you do if you quit your job,
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์ง์žฅ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ณ 
17:23
if you won a million dollars? Would you travel the world?
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๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:27
If you only had one day in Singapore, what would you do?
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์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์— ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:32
See how fun these types of questions can be.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
17:35
Choose one of them to answer in the comments below,
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์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์—์„œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•  ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
17:39
but make sure you write your answer as a full second conditional sentence
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:44
to practise the structure. Okay,
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. ์ข‹์•„,
17:47
if I only had one in Singapore, I would.
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์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
17:52
Now you can actually use could in the if clause to ask a similar
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์ด์ œ if ์ ˆ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ can์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ
17:57
question.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:58
So you would be saying if you were able to or if it were
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋˜๋Š”
18:03
possible to, if you could travel to any country,
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์–ด๋Š ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ๋“  ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
18:07
where would you go?
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์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
18:10
Now notice that when you use could in the if clause,
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์ด์ œ if ์ ˆ์—์„œ could๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋’ค์—
18:13
the verb that follows could is in the infinity form,
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์˜ค๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฌดํ•œ๋Œ€ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:18
not in the past. Simple. And that's because it's a modal verb, right?
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. ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ. ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
18:22
Standard English grammar rule after modal verbs,
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์น™์—๋Š”
18:25
we always have the definitive.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•œ์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:28
Now we've been talking about hypothetical situations so far,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
18:32
but what are these other uses?
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฉ๋„๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
18:34
Because we can use the second conditional to give advice.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:38
And if you think about it, when someone asks you for advice,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๊ตฌํ•  ๋•Œ
18:42
you usually try to imagine what you would do in their situation and share
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ• ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ 
18:47
that with them. So for example, if I were you,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
18:52
I'd talk to my boss before I quit my job,
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์ง์žฅ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
18:56
or if I were her, I'd break up with him. Now,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ์™€ ํ—ค์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ,
19:01
if you're wondering why in both of those examples I was using were with
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์ œ I๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
19:06
the subject I,
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19:08
I'm going to talk about that in a few minutes. But lastly,
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๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ํ›„์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
19:11
you can use the second conditional to give reasons why you can't do something.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:16
You've probably already noticed that English speakers are usually quite polite
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ณดํ†ต ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฝค ๊ณต์†ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:21
to each other. Instead of just saying no,
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. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ,
19:24
we often try and soften our responses by explaining why we can't
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:29
do something.
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.
19:30
And sometimes you might just want to explain a situation a little more.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:34
So the second conditional can really help you to do this. So for example,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
19:39
if I had the money, I'd lend it to you.
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๋ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋นŒ๋ ค์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:42
I don't have to explain myself any further here.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค.
19:45
This sentence already explains that I don't have the money, so I can't help.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:50
But it suggests that maybe you want to that maybe you
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:54
would if you could.
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.
19:58
If I wasn't so busy, I'd invite you over for dinner,
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๋ฐ”์˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ €๋…์‹์‚ฌ์— ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ,
20:03
but I am really busy so I can't invite you over.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฐ”๋น ์„œ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:07
So we've covered what the second conditional looks like and when you can use
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€, ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ
20:12
it,
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20:13
but now I want to share some extra tips to help you understand it better
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์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:18
and to help you use it accurately. So the first one I want to mention is
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒƒ์€
20:22
that if is a conjunction, right?
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if๊ฐ€ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
20:25
The purpose of conjunctions is to join two sentences or two
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์ ‘์†์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„œ๋กœ
20:30
different clauses together.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ˆ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:31
There's a really strong relationship between the two clauses in a conditional
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์˜ ๋‘ ์ ˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ 
20:36
sentence, right? They're really connected.
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? ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:39
The if clause contains a condition and the main clause contains the
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if ์ ˆ์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃผ์ ˆ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:43
result, right? They rely on each other. Now,
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. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์˜์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
20:46
you may know that with all conditional sentences you can change the order of
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๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ ˆ์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:51
your clauses. When this happens, it doesn't change the meaning,
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. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
20:55
but there is an important punctuation change that you need to make.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋‘์  ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ฐ€
21:02
If it stopped raining, I would go for a walk.
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๊ทธ์น˜๋ฉด ์‚ฐ์ฑ…ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ํ…๋ฐ.
21:07
I would go for a walk if it stopped raining.
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๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์น˜๋ฉด ์‚ฐ์ฑ…ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ํ…๋ฐ.
21:11
Now the meaning in these two sentences is exactly the same.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:14
But notice that when the main clause comes first,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์ ˆ์ด ์•ž์— ์˜ค๋ฉด
21:18
we don't include that comma before the if clause. Now to be honest,
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if ์ ˆ ์•ž์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ
21:23
this is really only significant if you're sitting in English exam or you're
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์–ด ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
21:27
doing academic writing.
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ํ•™์ˆ  ์ž‘๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:29
You're going to get marked down for that type of punctuation error.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ตฌ๋‘์  ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ์ ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:32
But generally it's not really something you need to lose sleep over.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž ์„ ์„ค์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:36
Now in spoken English, the subject and wood,
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์ด์ œ ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š”
21:40
they're usually contracted, I'd, you'd, she'd, he'd
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๋ณดํ†ต ์•ฝ์ž๋กœ I'd, you'd, she'd, he'd
21:46
they'd, we'd. Now,
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they'd, we'd๋กœ ์ถ•์•ฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
21:48
it's much easier to say this type of sentence quickly and it helps
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ณ 
21:53
you to sound a little more relaxed as well. But these contractions,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์€
21:57
very common in spoken English, common in informal written English.
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๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:02
But you shouldn't be using contractions in formal written English, right?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
22:07
Just steer clear completely. Now,
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ”ผํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ด์ œ
22:10
one of the most interesting parts about the second conditional is that it breaks
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
22:15
some standard B verb grammar rules, right?
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ํ‘œ์ค€ B ๋™์‚ฌ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
22:19
We can actually use were instead of was with
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ was with
22:24
i, he she and it, right?
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i, he she and it ๋Œ€์‹ ์— were๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์ฃ ?
22:27
Both of them are grammatically correct,
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งž์ง€๋งŒ
22:30
but I guess is a little more formal. All right?
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์ข€ ๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
22:34
So we would use it in more formal situations. If I was you,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
22:39
I would break up with him. If I were you,
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๊ทธ์™€ ํ—ค์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
22:42
I would break up with him. Both of those sentences are the same.
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๊ทธ์™€ ํ—ค์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:47
If she was taller, if she were taller,
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ์ปธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ์ปธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
22:51
she would be an air hostess. So again, we can use either,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ŠคํŠœ์–ด๋””์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:55
it's totally okay. Wear is a little more formal.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐฉ์šฉ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:01
Today we're going to go a little deeper on the first and the second conditional,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ๊นŠ์ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์–ธ์ œ
23:07
I'm going to give you lots of examples to help you understand when to use the
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:11
first and when to use the second plus.
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.
23:14
I'll also be talking about how to use conditionals without if,
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๋˜ํ•œ if ์—†์ด ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:19
which is pretty shocking.
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๊ฝค ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:20
I know because if is the star of conditional
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if๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ณ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•Œ๊ณ 
23:24
sentences,
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23:26
but actually you can use other words in place of if as well.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ if ๋Œ€์‹  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:31
So I'm going to go through all of that right here during this lesson.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:35
So I want you to tell me what's the difference between the first conditional
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:40
and the second conditional.
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.
23:43
So the best way to think about it is the first conditional is real.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:48
We use it to talk about things that are possible in the future and
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ
23:52
there's a likely chance of it happening.
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์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:56
So to make the first conditional, it's simple.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:59
We use the present simple verb in our if clause and we use the
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” if ์ ˆ์— ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
24:03
future tense will in our main clause.
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์ฃผ์ ˆ์— ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์ œ will์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:07
So we use will along with a bare Infiniti verb.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธํ”ผ๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ will์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:11
If I miss the bus, I will take a taxi.
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๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜๋ฉด ํƒ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:15
If they lose the game, they won't go to the finals.
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๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํŒจํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ์Šน์ „์— ์ง„์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค.
24:19
If you get too close to the flames, you'll get burned.
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๋ถˆ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ํ™”์ƒ์„ ์ž…์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:24
So notice that with all of these examples, these are real,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ
24:28
they are possible and they're likely to happen in the future.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:33
Now, when we move to the second conditional,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
24:36
we actually have to leave the real world,
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์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:39
the actual world behind us because although there is a
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์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋’ค์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:44
possibility of the result happening, when we use the second conditional,
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24:48
it tells us that the action is quite unlikely. So it's often called the
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ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์€. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข…์ข…
24:53
unreal tense.
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๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์‹œ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:55
So we use the second conditional to talk about imaginary situations in the
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:59
present. So these are unreal situations,
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
25:03
but we also use it to talk about unlikely future outcomes as well.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:08
So it looks like if and the past,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ if์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:11
simple in our if clauses,
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if ์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃผ์ ˆ
25:14
and then would with the bare infinity verb following in our main clause,
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๋’ค์— ๋ฌดํ•œ๋Œ€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:19
if I missed the bus, I would take a taxi.
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๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋†“์ณค๋‹ค๋ฉด ํƒ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํƒˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:23
If they lost the gain, they wouldn't go to the finals.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋“์„ ์žƒ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ์Šน์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:29
If you got too close to the flames, you'd get burned.
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๋ถˆ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ํ™”์ƒ์„ ์ž…์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:33
Wait a second.
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์ž ๊น๋งŒ.
25:36
These examples look pretty similar to the first conditional examples.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์ œ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์˜ˆ์ œ์™€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:42
So with just a couple of little edits,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜์ •๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ
25:44
we have subtly changed these results to seem less
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋„๋ก ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:49
likely.
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.
25:50
Suddenly we've got a set of hypothetical or imaginary
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒ์˜
25:55
situations and their results,
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์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ
25:58
but those results are unlikely to actually happen,
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์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:01
right? Such is the second conditional.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์™€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ
26:05
Many ideas can be correctly expressed in English using both the
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:10
first and the second conditional sentence structure.
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.
26:14
But each type of sentence changes the meaning noticeably.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:19
So you really need to be careful about which type of
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •๋ง ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:24
sentence structure you're using. You've got to carefully choose.
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. ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:27
So let's look at a couple of examples to help you out.
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๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:31
So if I missed the bus, I will take a taxi.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜๋ฉด ํƒ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํƒˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
26:36
If I missed the bus, I would take a taxi. Now,
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๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜๋ฉด ํƒ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํƒˆ ํ…๋ฐ. ์ด์ œ
26:41
in the first example, this is real and possible.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:44
It's based on an actual situation.
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์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:47
Just imagine that you are walking down the street quite quickly towards the bus
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26:52
stop because it's actually the exact time that the bus is supposed to
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๊ณ  ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€
26:56
arrive and there is a chance it's pulling up at the bus stop right now you're
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฒ„์Šค ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์— ์ •์ฐจํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฒ„์Šค ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
27:01
hoping that it's not because you're going to be late,
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27:05
otherwise you still want to make it to work on time. But in your
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
27:10
head, as you are walking, you're coming up with a backup plan, right?
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์†์—์„œ, ๊ฑท๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฐฑ์—… ๊ณ„ํš์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ ?
27:15
A plan B, here's what you're going to do.
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ํ”Œ๋žœ B, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•  ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:19
If I miss the bus, I will take a taxi.
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๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜๋ฉด ํƒ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:23
So this situation is based on a real life scenario,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:28
something that is likely to happen.
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.
27:32
It's a good chance that bus has already come to the bus stop and you are
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๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฒ„์Šค ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์— ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
27:37
not there. But the second example, in the second conditional,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—†์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€์—์„œ
27:41
totally imaginary. Maybe I've got no plans at all to take the bus.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ์ƒ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒˆ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:45
Maybe I don't even take the bus to work,
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์ง์žฅ์— ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ€์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
27:48
or perhaps I'm extremely punctual.
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๋งค์šฐ ์—„์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:52
I'm almost never late to the bus.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค์— ๋Šฆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋‹ค.
27:56
But for whatever reason, this thing,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์—
27:58
the outcome is very unlikely to happen,
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ
28:01
and we know that because we're using the second conditional.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:05
So you can see how powerful this decision is, right?
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์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
28:09
The grammar structure that you choose influences the meaning of your sentence.
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์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:13
Let's do a few more examples together just to make sure you've got it.
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์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:18
If I run out of butter, I'll just use oil. So again,
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๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ
28:23
imagine that you're baking and there isn't much butter
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๊ตฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
28:28
left. You can't be bothered going to the shops. So I've got a plan.
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ƒ์ ์—๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ท€์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
28:33
If I run out of butter, I know what I'm going to do and this is a likely event.
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๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ• ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:38
If I ran out of butter, I just use oil. Now,
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๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
28:42
this is a hypothetical situation.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:45
I'm not talking about a specific baking event that's happening now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๋ฒ ์ดํ‚น ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:49
I'm just talking about what I would hypothetically do if this
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋นต์„ ๊ตฝ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
28:54
ever happened to me while I was baking. I could be giving advice to someone
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. ๋‚˜๋Š”
28:58
who's asking, oh, if I ran out of butter, I'd just use oil.
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๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌป๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:03
You won't notice the difference. If she finds a dog on the street,
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์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ฉด
29:07
she'll adopt it. She loves dogs, right?
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์ž…์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
29:11
She has plans to adopt a dog. In fact,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ž…์–‘ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค,
29:14
she's looking for a dog and there are lots of street dogs in her area.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์—๋Š” ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐœ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:19
So it's quite likely that if she finds a dog on the street that doesn't
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธธ์—์„œ ์ง‘์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ฉด
29:24
have a home, it's quite likely that she'll adopt it.
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์ž…์–‘ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:28
If she found a dog on the street, she'd adopt it. So again,
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž…์–‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ
29:33
she loves dogs. Perhaps there's actually not many street dogs in her area,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ
29:37
which makes the outcome quite unlikely.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:42
If she were taller, she would play basketball.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ปธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋†๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:47
So this is the second conditional, right?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
29:50
And she's imagining what she would do if she had been born taller,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์„์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:55
but she wasn't right? She can't change her height.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”? ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:58
So this situation has to be unreal. So for that reason,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ
30:03
be careful because we can't write a version of this in the first conditional.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ 
30:07
There isn't a likely chance or a likely outcome
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
30:12
where this would happen.
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.
30:13
She can't change the way that she is.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:18
However, we can make a couple of changes to make it possible.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:22
We can say if we're talking about a child who is still growing,
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์•„์ง ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
30:27
then it's possible, but we might have to change the verb and say,
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ
30:32
if she grows taller, she will play basketball.
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์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋ฉด ๋†๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ์ธ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒ์ธ์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
30:37
It's really important to keep in mind that many ideas can be expressed in the
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๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
30:42
first or the second conditional,
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30:44
depending on whether they're real or imaginary.
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.
30:48
But not all ideas can be expressed in both tenses,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ 
30:53
right? So be careful about that real versus imaginary.
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? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
30:58
Hopefully you're starting to feel pretty good about the difference between the
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31:01
first and the second conditional, right?
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž˜ ๋Š๋ผ์…จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
31:04
But I've got one extra thing that I want you to keep in mind.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด ๋‘์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:08
So take a look at this sentence here. Is it a conditional sentence?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
31:17
It has two clauses. It has a present tense verb. In the first clause,
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์กฐํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์—๋Š”
31:22
it has will and the base verb in the main clause,
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์ฃผ์ ˆ์— will๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
31:26
but it doesn't have the word if
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if๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. It
31:30
It actually doesn't matter. This sentence is still a conditional sentence,
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really don't matter. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ,
31:35
a first conditional sentence,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ
31:37
and there are a couple of very specific words that you can use to
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ if๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
31:41
replace if in the first and also the second
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31:46
conditional sentence structure. It's still a conditional sentence,
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. ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
31:50
but the word that you choose of course has the ability to
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
31:55
change the meaning of your sentence slightly.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:58
Unless it rains soon the lake will dry up.
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๊ณง ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ง๋ผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:03
Or if it rains soon, the lake won't dry up.
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ณง ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:08
Both of these sentences are okay, they're great,
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์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๊ณ  ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
32:12
but of course the change affects the meaning of our sentence slightly.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:17
So we need to be aware of that. So you can definitely replace if with the word,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ if๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜
32:22
unless, but the meaning is slightly different.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:25
It means if not or accept if,
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if not, if๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ณ ,
32:31
and you can use unless in the first and the second conditional sentence
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์™€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ would๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
32:35
structure.
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.
32:36
But it can't be used to talk about past situations that can't be
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
32:40
changed. So you can't use unless in the third conditional sentence structure,
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ
32:45
for example, check out some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:48
Unless she apologises, I will not forgive her
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์šฉ์„œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:54
unless it gets below zero degrees, the water won't freeze
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์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ 0๋„ ์ดํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ณ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์€ ์–ผ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
33:01
unless they fired me. I wouldn't leave the company
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. ๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
33:07
Besides unless. And if we can also use as long as,
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. ํ‘œํ˜„์‹
33:11
which is really,
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33:12
really useful if you want to set a limit or a condition on the
491
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์— ์ œํ•œ์ด๋‚˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ as long as๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
33:17
expression.
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.
33:18
So this is like saying if and only if the
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
33:23
condition happens. So if the condition doesn't happen,
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
33:27
then the result is not possible or it's not allowed as long as
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋  ๋•Œ
33:31
is usually used with the first conditional because it's used
496
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
33:36
when the result is expected.
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.
33:40
As long as I get time off work, I'll come for a visit.
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ํ‡ด๊ทผ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ€๋ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:45
As long as it's not too crowded, we'll stay for dinner.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ถ๋น„์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:51
As long as he finishes his homework, he'll join you at the skate park.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์Šค์ผ€์ดํŠธ ๊ณต์›์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:56
Great work. We're almost done. We've got one more option to replace if with,
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ. ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. if๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ต์…˜์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
34:02
and that is using supposing or
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์ • ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
34:06
supposing that.
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.
34:08
So using supposing that helps the listener to imagine
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒญ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ถ”์ธก์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
34:13
a situation. So it's really similar to using if,
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ if๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ •๋ง ๋น„์Šท
34:17
but just with a bit of extra command to really tell the listener that you want
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ช…๋ น๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ฒญ์ทจ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ 
34:21
them to imagine turn on their imagination. Now,
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์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
34:25
it can be used in either the first or the second conditional,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜
34:28
but it's much more comfortable in the second conditional for sure,
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํŽธ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
34:32
because you're imagining, right,
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34:35
supposing I can change my flight. I'll come a few days earlier.
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. ๋ฉฐ์น  ์ผ์ฐ ์˜ฌ๊ฒŒ์š”.
34:40
Supposing you got a huge Christmas bonus, would you go on a holiday?
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
34:48
Like all conditional sentences.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ.
34:51
The third conditional has two clauses,
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ ˆ, ์ฆ‰ if
34:54
the if clause and the main clause.
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์ ˆ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:58
But unlike the zero, the first and the second conditionals,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 0, ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
35:02
this one talks about the past and specifically an
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:07
unreal past, not a true past, an unreal one.
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์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:12
We use the third conditional to imagine a situation in the
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
35:16
past and the imaginary result,
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,
35:20
which is also in the past. Okay? So it's imaginary. It's not real.
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์ด ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ƒ์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„์งœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ.
35:25
It's not true, okay? Because we can't change the past.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:30
Sometimes we wish we could, but we can't.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:32
So that's why you'll often hear the third conditional being used to talk about
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ด ํ›„ํšŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
35:37
regrets, things that we wish were different.
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.
35:40
So let's look at a few examples to get started.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:44
If I had left earlier, I wouldn't have missed my flight.
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์ผ์ฐ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ํ…๋ฐ.
35:49
So I'm a bit upset about that, right? I'm upset I missed my flight.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ข€ ์†์ƒํ•˜์ฃ ? ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋†“์ณ์„œ ์†์ƒํ•ด์š”.
35:53
I wish that I had have left my house a little bit earlier and not run late.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ผ์ฐ ์ง‘์„ ๋‚˜์„œ์„œ ๋Šฆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ์ข‹์•˜์„ ํ…๋ฐ.
35:58
I wish that I could go back in time and be on the plane,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์ง€
36:02
but I can't because my flight's gone.
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๋งŒ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์ ธ์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:05
There's nothing that I can do about it now except buy another ticket. Well,
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ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์žฅ ๋” ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์Ž„,
36:09
we can use the third conditional to show how angry or how frustrated we are
533
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ขŒ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
36:14
about this situation right now. Look, if you hadn't been so rude,
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
36:19
they would've invited you back.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:23
You were rude. Well, obviously that didn't work out well for you did it.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜ ํ’€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด.
36:28
Now they're not going to invite you back again in the future.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:34
You can't go back and change it. Now can you, whether you want to or not.
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๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›ํ•˜๋“  ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋“  ์ด์ œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:39
So I'm just going to use the third conditional. Now to tell you off,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
36:46
if I hadn't been going so fast, I wouldn't have been fined.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:51
Yeah, I got fined, which is annoying, but it's already happened.
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์˜ˆ, ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:56
I can't change it now, right? That's something you definitely can't change.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:01
So we use the third conditional to talk about things that we regret,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ›„ํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
37:05
things that we wish we could change about the past,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
37:09
and also to tell someone off for something that they did in the
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์— ํ•œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋น„๋‚œํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
37:14
past. So it's pretty useful, right?
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฝค ์œ ์šฉํ•˜์ฃ ?
37:16
It's a really handy structure to have up your sleeve to know. All right,
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์†Œ๋งค๋ฅผ ๊ฑท์–ด๋ถ™์ด๋ฉด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž,
37:21
so let's talk about what it looks like now.
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์ด์ œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
37:24
So to make the third conditional, we need a few things.
549
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:28
We need if and the past, perfect.
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if์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:32
Then we need a comma, and then we need the perfect conditional.
551
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:38
You might be wondering what the heck is the past perfect or the perfect
552
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด ์™„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
37:42
conditional. So think about it this way,
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
37:46
the past perfect is subject with had
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š”
37:51
and the past participant verb. If I had left earlier,
555
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ผ์ฐ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด,
37:56
if you hadn't been so rude if I hadn't been going so
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
38:00
fast, okay, these are all examples of the past, perfect.
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, ์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™„๋ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:06
Now the perfect conditional is subject
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์ด์ œ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜• ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์€
38:11
with wood have and the pastable verb.
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wood have์™€ ๋ถ™์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:16
So it's just the present, perfect with wood in front of it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ํ˜„์žฌ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ์•ž์— ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:21
I wouldn't have missed my flight.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
38:24
They would have invited you back. I wouldn't have got that
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค
38:28
ticket. So let's put the third conditional all together.
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋„ฃ์–ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
38:35
We need,
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38:36
if the subject had and the past
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์ฃผ์ œ์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
38:40
participant, then our comma, very important,
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์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‰ผํ‘œ์™€
38:46
followed by our subject,
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์ฃผ์ œ ๋’ค์—
38:47
would have a past participant.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:51
That's the third conditional.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:53
So let's look at some examples to help it sink in a little. All right,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:58
let's do our third conditional checks first. All right?
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๋จผ์ € ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
39:02
Are we talking about the past or the present here?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
39:08
It was in the past. Did it actually happen?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
39:13
No, you didn't call. So I didn't come.
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
39:19
I wish that I could change this because I'd love to come.
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๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:23
If she had replied to my message, I wouldn't have been so worried.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์— ๋‹ต์žฅ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
39:28
So I'm kind of telling her off here, right? I'm a bit frustrated.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์„ ๊ฑธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:32
Did she reply to my message,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚ด ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์— ๋‹ต์žฅํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
39:37
but was I worried? Yeah,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜,
39:40
I wish that she had so that I didn't have to worry.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋„๋ก ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์–ด.
39:44
If I had taken better care of myself, I wouldn't have got sick.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋Œ๋ดค๋”๋ผ๋ฉด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„ํ”„์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
39:50
So I'm expressing regret about the past here.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์„ฑ์„ ํ‘œ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:54
I wish I'd taken better care of myself. Now,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋Œ๋ดค๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ์ข‹์•˜์„ ํ…๋ฐ. ์ž, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
39:57
you'll remember from some of my other conditional lessons that we can actually
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์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ
40:01
use different modal verbs in the main claws.
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์ฃผ ๋ฐœํ†ฑ์— ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:05
So we can replace would have with other modal,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ would have๋ฅผ might ๋ฐ could์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
40:10
like might and could.
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.
40:13
So we use might have to show probability or certainty
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด๋‚˜ ํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
40:19
If she'd studied more, she might have passed,
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋” ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„
40:24
but she might have also failed. Again, we are not sure. We're not certain,
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ 
40:28
right? If we were certain about that imaginary result in the past,
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? ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™•์‹ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
40:33
then we would use would have. That's more certain.
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would have๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋” ํ™•์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:36
Since we're not exactly sure about what the result would've been.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋• ์„์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:40
Then using might have is probably the better option. Now,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด might have๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ ํƒ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
40:45
we use could have to talk about possibility and ability.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” could have๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:49
If you had lent me your car, I could have got there faster.
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ ค์คฌ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ.
40:54
Now, I'm not promising that I absolutely would've.
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:58
I'm just saying that I would've been able to get there
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41:03
faster with a car.
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์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:06
I would have the ability to arrive sooner.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
41:10
So now that we've broken it down a little bit,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:13
how are you feeling about the third conditional?
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
41:16
And if you are thinking something along the lines of,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
41:20
if I'd seen this video earlier, I wouldn't have been so confused.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋” ์ผ์ฐ ๋ดค๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:25
Well, I must be doing something right.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ณ์€ ์ผ์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:28
I know that conditionals can be a little overwhelming because of the
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41:32
subtle differences between all of the different types of conditionals,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด
41:37
but also the significant differences in meaning.
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๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์••๋„์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:40
So hopefully with each of my conditional lessons,
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์ œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
41:44
it's becoming a little clearer. So if you're enjoying this series,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์™€
41:48
make sure you share this lesson, like the lesson,
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€
41:51
share it with anyone that you think will find it useful.
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์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:56
Mixed conditionals are exactly what they sound like a conditional sentence
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ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•œ
42:01
that mixes two different times in one sentence.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:07
Now it sounds a little tricky,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ,
42:09
but I'm here to go over it with you and to help you practise with me later on in
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ด ๋ ˆ์Šจ์˜ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
42:13
this lesson. So don't worry.
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
42:15
If you had learned how to use mixed conditionals already,
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์ด๋ฏธ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด
42:18
you wouldn't need to watch this lesson. Check it out.
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๋‹จ์›์„ ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™•์ธ ํ•ด๋ด.
42:23
That is a mixed, conditional sentence. And by the end of this video,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ
42:27
you'll be feeling much more confident about using mixed conditionals as you
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ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
42:31
speak in English. So let's go. If you've watched some of my previous lessons,
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ€์ž. ์ œ ์ด์ „ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์…จ
42:36
or perhaps you've studied conditionals at school, well,
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
42:39
you'll know that the zero conditional is used to talk about facts and things
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์กฐ๊ฑด 0์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
42:44
that are generally true.
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.
42:45
The first conditional talks about a likely present situation.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:49
The second talks about hypothetical or highly unlikely
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š”
42:54
present or future situations.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:56
And the third conditional is a past situation which didn't happen.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:01
So these are all useful for talking about situations that relate to
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
43:06
actions in isolation in their own time.
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.
43:10
So the third conditional relates to the past,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด
43:13
but mixed conditionals help you to move through time.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:17
So a past action with a present result gets exciting.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ์ง„์ง„ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค.
43:22
As I mentioned earlier,
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์•ž์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
43:24
a key idea when we use mixed conditionals is time,
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ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ
43:30
but don't confuse time with verb tense. So of course,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌผ๋ก 
43:35
we use different verb tenses to express different times. That's true.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:40
But time and tense are not always the same thing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:45
So if we take a look at a couple of sentences,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ช‡ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
43:48
I had a dog when I was a child.
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์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:52
She was cleaning all day yesterday.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
43:55
So are these two sentences using the same verb tense?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
44:02
This is the past simple, and this one is the past continuous.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:07
They're not using the same tenses,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
44:10
but they are referring to the same time.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:14
They both take place in the past. So they have the same time reference.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:20
And like I said earlier,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ž์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
44:21
mixed conditionals are conditional sentences that use two different
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ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
44:26
times in them. They help us to move between two times.
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:31
So if clause and the main clause in a mixed conditional sentence have
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์˜ ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ ˆ์ด
44:36
different times that work together, if I had woken up earlier,
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ผ์ฐ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด
44:41
I wouldn't have missed the bus.
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๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:44
So both these clauses take place in the past, right?
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋‘ ์ ˆ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
44:47
I'm talking about this morning, yesterday morning,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ, ์–ด์ œ ์•„์นจ
44:51
or some other morning in the past, and the result that I missed,
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์นจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋†“์นœ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
44:55
the bus also happened in the past.
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๋ฒ„์Šค๋„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:59
So I already missed the bus. I can't change that now.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋†“์ณค๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:02
So let's change the sentence a little to make it a mixed conditional.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
45:08
To do that, we need one of the clauses to be in a different time.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ ˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:13
So if clause is happening in the past,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ if ์ ˆ์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
45:17
so let's make our main clause about the present.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
45:22
If I had woken up earlier, I would be at work already.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ผ์ฐ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
45:28
I wouldn't have missed the bus, so I would be at work already.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ง์žฅ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:32
Now in the present. So now we've got a mixed conditional sentence.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:37
One clause refers to a past action, and the other refers to the present.
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ํ•œ ์ ˆ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ˆ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:43
See, it's not as hard as you think once you break it down,
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์ผ๋‹จ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒ๊ฐ๋งŒํผ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
45:47
but it takes practise. So let's keep going.
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์—ฐ์Šต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์† ๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
45:50
There are a few different ways that we can do this.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
45:53
You can mix and match several tenses and times together
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ์น˜์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
45:58
to make a mixed conditional sentence.
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.
46:01
But I want to focus on the two most common combinations.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐํ•ฉ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:06
So a past action and a present result,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ,
46:09
which is just the example that we just looked at,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ์˜ˆ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•œ
46:12
and then a present condition and a past result.
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๋‹ค์Œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:18
So remember in both of these sentences,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ
46:21
we're talking about something that's unreal. In the first,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์—์„œ
46:25
we're talking about changing a past action and the
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ
46:28
hypothetical present result that would happen,
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๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
46:32
but it can't happen because we can't change the past.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:36
And in the second we imagine that the present were
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ž๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
46:41
different. Now it's not. But if it were,
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. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
46:46
then how would the past hypothetically have been
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์„๊นŒ
46:51
different as a result? It's a little confusing. I know.
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? ์กฐ๊ธˆ ํ˜ผ๋ž€ ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์•„์š”.
46:55
Let's keep going. So to create the first one,
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๊ณ„์† ๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด
46:58
we need the past perfect in the if clause and the present,
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if ์ ˆ์—๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃผ์ ˆ
47:02
conditional in the main clause.
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์—๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ํ˜„์žฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:05
So if this thing had happened,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ €
47:09
then that thing would happen.
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์ผ๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:13
If I had saved more money, I would own this house.
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๋ˆ์„ ๋” ๋ชจ์•˜๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ์ด ์ง‘์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ–ˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ.
47:18
If you hadn't taken that job, we would be travelling together.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:24
If they had paid more attention, they wouldn't be failing in class.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ข€ ๋” ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋‚™์ œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:28
And don't that like all conditionals,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
47:31
you can change the order of the if clause and the main clause.
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if ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ ˆ์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:36
This thing would happen if this thing had
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด
47:40
happened. So you can swap the order of the clauses,
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์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ ˆ์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜
47:43
but all of the information is still there.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:46
I would own this house if I had saved more money.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ์ €์ถ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ์ง‘์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
47:51
We still have a hypothetical past action in the if clause
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ if ์ ˆ์— ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘์ด
47:55
and the hypothetical present result in the main clause.
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์žˆ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์ ˆ์— ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:00
The other common mixed conditional sentence is a present condition
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด
48:05
and a past result.
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๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:07
So this is an unreal present condition to imagine
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
48:11
what the result would've been in the past,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋• ์„์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
48:14
but we'll never really know because this is imaginary, right?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ์ƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:19
So imagine if this thing happened,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค
48:23
then this would've happened.
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๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
48:28
Now, all right, let's talk about this for a minute.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž ์‹œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
48:31
Because we're talking about a present condition, right?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
48:35
But we're using the past simple tense in the if clause,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” if ์ ˆ์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:41
but that's not a real past, right?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
48:44
This is how we use the second conditional to express a
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
48:48
hypothetical present situation. If I were more outgoing,
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. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ์™ธํ–ฅ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
48:53
I would've introduced myself. If he wasn't injured,
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์ž๊ธฐ ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ. ๋ถ€์ƒ๋งŒ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
48:57
he would've played the game.
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๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์— ์ž„ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
49:01
If I wasn't so busy, I would've offered to help. Now,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”์˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋„์™€์ฃผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ. ์ด์ œ
49:05
you can also use this same general form to talk about a future
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
49:10
action and a hypothetical past result. Now,
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. ์ž,
49:14
this is pretty advanced,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฝค ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ง€๋งŒ
49:16
but you'll see how it can be a useful way of expressing yourself.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:21
Just imagine that tomorrow you had a really important meeting at work,
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๋‚ด์ผ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
49:25
a meeting that you've planned and you've organised and set it up for the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์งํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ํšŒ์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:30
So you can't go out dancing tonight, obviously,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋ฐค ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
49:34
because you want to be well rested and alert for this meeting.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž˜ ์‰ฌ๊ณ  ๊นจ์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:37
Your boss is going to be there,
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ,
49:38
but if I didn't have an important meeting tomorrow,
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๋‚ด์ผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
49:42
I would've gone out dancing. If she wasn't going on holiday next month,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ฌ์— ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
49:47
she would've asked for a day off.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‰ฌ๋Š” ๋‚ ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:51
If you weren't going on a big hike tomorrow,
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๋‚ด์ผ ํฐ ํ•˜์ดํ‚น์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
49:54
would you have come on a bike ride today?
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์™”์„๊นŒ์š”?
49:58
So how are you feeling about mixed conditionals now?
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์ด์ œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
50:02
I always think that it's easier if you focus less on the complicated grammar
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์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•
50:07
tenses and more on the relationships with time.
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์‹œ์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:11
And the three most commonly used mixed conditional sentences are simply
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ
50:16
a past action with a present result,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ,
50:20
a present condition with a past result,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ,
50:23
and a future action and a past result.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋™์ž‘๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:27
So now that you know all of this,
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์œผ๋‹ˆ
50:29
I think it's time that we practise a little together.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:35
Phew.
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ํœด.
50:36
Grammar lessons like this one can sometimes leave you feeling like your brain
741
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—‰๋ง์ด ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜
50:41
has completely turned to mush,
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50:43
but don't let conditional sentences scare you. Of course,
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊ฒ๋จน๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋ฌผ๋ก 
50:47
it will take time and it will take effort to understand how these English
744
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์ด ์˜์–ด
50:52
sentences work and how to use them accurately,
745
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๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋†€์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”
50:55
but play around with them.
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.
50:58
Keep the time and the tenses in mind. If you're reading a book,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
51:02
highlight a conditional sentence that you read,
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์ฝ์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•œ
51:05
and then just think about it for a moment.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ž ์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
51:08
Try to understand how the two clauses relate to each other.
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๋‘ ์ ˆ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
51:12
And don't forget that I've created the complete conditional workbook so you can
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
51:17
start to think about and use these sentences on your own.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
51:21
The link is down below.
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๋งํฌ๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:23
I hope that you enjoyed this lesson and that you found it useful. Like it,
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”,
51:28
share it, subscribe. You know what to do.
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๊ณต์œ , ๊ตฌ๋…. ๋„Œ ๋ญ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ž–์•„.
51:31
I'll see you in the next lesson.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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