ENGLISH PODCAST: MASTER ENGLISH CONDITIONALS IN UNDER 23 MINUTES

34,936 views ใƒป 2022-01-13

To Fluency


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
- [Jack] Today, you're gonna learn all
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- [Jack] ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ
00:01
about the various conditionals in English,
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ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆกไปถๆ–‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใงๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
00:06
and I like teaching this lesson because the examples
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็งใฏใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃ
00:09
that you give can be quite inventive, quite fun,
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:14
and a great idea with this,
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00:16
just like any of the lesson that I give,
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็งใŒๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ
00:19
is for you to practice some sentences
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ใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—
00:23
and use the app that I recommend.
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ใ€็งใŒๆŽจๅฅจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒชใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:25
I'll leave a link in the description for that,
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใซๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใŠใใพใ™
00:27
so then they can correct sentences for you
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ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใงใใพใ™
00:31
but yeah, we're gonna talk about conditionals in English,
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ใŒใ€ใˆใˆใ€็งใŸใกใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆกไปถๆ–‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:35
and I'm gonna start with one right now by just saying,
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00:39
I, personally, do not like wearing suits.
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ใ€ใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’็€ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:44
So a suit is that formal attire with the pants
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ใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใจใฏ ใ€ใ‚บใƒœใƒณ
00:47
and the jacket, a shirt, and, normally, a tie as well,
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ใจใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ€ ใใ—ใฆ้€šๅธธใฏใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚’ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใŸใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใชๆœ่ฃ…ใฎใ“ใจใง
00:51
and I don't like wearing suits
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ใ€็งใฏ็€ๅฟƒๅœฐใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใฎใงใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’็€ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
00:53
because they're uncomfortable.
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ใ€‚
00:55
I don't know about you, if you are male,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็”ทๆ€งใงใ€
00:57
if you like wearing suits, but I don't like wearing them,
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ใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’็€ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็งใฏใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’็€ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
01:00
but I wear a suit when I go to a wedding.
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ใŒใ€็ตๅฉšๅผใซ่กŒใใจใใฏใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’็€ใพใ™.
01:05
I wear a suit when I go to a wedding.
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็ตๅฉšๅผใซ่กŒใใจใใฏใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’็€ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:08
Now, this is called the zero conditional,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ€ใ™ใใซ
01:12
and I'll explain it in a minute, but before I do.
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใ— ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎๅ‰ใซ.
01:16
Hello, my name is Jack from tofluency.com.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€tofluency.com ใฎใ‚ธใƒฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚
01:20
Welcome to you.
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
01:21
If you are new here, or if you haven't done so already,
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ๅˆใ‚ใฆใฎๆ–นใ€ใพใŸใฏ ใพใ ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๆ–นใฏใ€
01:26
subscribe to this channel.
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ใ“ใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:29
Right now, we release a lesson every Thursday.
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็พๅœจใ€ๆฏŽ้€ฑๆœจๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ…ฌ้–‹ใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:32
I'm thinking about changing this to Tuesdays,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹
01:35
but, you know, that might come in the future.
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ใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅ็š„ใซใฏๅค‰ๆ›ดใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:38
It might not.
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ใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:39
And also, share this lesson
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ใพใŸใ€
01:41
with a friend if you find it useful.
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ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใคใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ‹้”ใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:44
So that's another conditional,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ใพใŸๆกไปถ
01:45
share this lesson with a friend if you find it useful.
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ไป˜ใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅ‹ไบบใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ— ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:52
So when we're using conditionals, we have two clauses,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆกไปถ ๆ–‡ใซ
01:56
two parts to the conditional.
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2 ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ 2 ใคใฎ็ฏ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:59
The if clause, If something happens,
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if ๅฅใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃ
02:03
and then we have the result clause
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ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€result ๅฅ
02:07
or the consequence of that.
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ใพใŸใฏใใฎ็ตๆžœใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:10
So what I'm saying is, "if you find this useful,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŒ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ ใ€Œใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใคใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰
02:14
then share it with a friend,"
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02:17
and I'm using the imperative here, "share it with a friend."
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ใ€ๅ‹้”ใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œๅ‹้”ใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‘ฝไปคใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:22
I'm not saying, "will you share it?"
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ใ€Œๅˆ†ใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:24
Using the will.
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ๆ„ๅฟ—ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ€‚
02:25
So a lot of people always think about will,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใฏๆกไปถไป˜ใใฎ will ใซใคใ„ใฆๅธธใซ่€ƒใˆ
02:28
with conditionals, but you're gonna see
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02:30
so many examples today where we don't use will,
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
02:35
just like the example I gave before.
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ๅ‰ใซ็คบใ—ใŸไพ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€will ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ไพ‹ใŒไปŠๆ—ฅ้žๅธธใซๅคšใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:37
"When I go to weddings, I wear a suit."
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ใ€Œ็ตๅฉšๅผใซ่กŒใใจใใฏใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’็€ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:41
Now, this is a zero conditional,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ผใƒญใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
02:43
and this is used to talk about things you normally do,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้€šๅธธ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ€
02:47
things that you normally do, in general habits.
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้€šๅธธ ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:51
It's quite simple.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:53
It's just saying, if I do this, then I do that.
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็ง ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:59
When I do this, then I do that.
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็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:03
For example, I can say, "when my wife
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅฆป
03:06
and I have a babysitter, we normally go to a restaurant."
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ใจใƒ™ใƒ“ใƒผใ‚ทใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ ใŸใ„ใฆใ„ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:12
"When my wife and I have a babysitter for our children,
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ใ€Œๅฆปใจ็งใŒ ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฎใŸใ‚ใซใƒ™ใƒ“ใƒผใ‚ทใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’้›‡ใ†ใจใใ€็งใŸใกใฏใŸใ„ใฆใ„
03:16
we normally go to a restaurant."
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ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:18
So it's talking about what we generally do,
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ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€็งใŸใกใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€
03:20
our general habits.
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
03:22
So we can think about this in terms
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
03:24
of our daily routine as well.
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ใฏ็งใŸใกใฎๆ—ฅๅธธ็”Ÿๆดปใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:27
For example, "when I have a late night,
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ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅคœๆ›ดใ‹ใ—
03:30
I always feel tired in the morning."
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆœใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใคใ‚‚็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
03:32
"When I have a late night, I feel tired in the morning,"
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ใ€Œๅคœ้…ใใชใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ๆœใซใชใ‚‹ใจ็–ฒใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€
03:36
or "when my kids aren't in school,
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ใจใ‹ใ€Œๅญใฉใ‚‚ใŒๅญฆๆ กใซใ„ใชใ„ใจใใฏ
03:39
I spend time with them during the day."
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ใ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅญใฉใ‚‚ใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
03:42
"When my kids aren't in school,
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ใ€Œๅญไพ›ใŸใกใŒๅญฆๆ กใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใใฏ
03:43
I spend time with them during the day."
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ใ€ๆ—ฅไธญไธ€็ท’ใซ้Žใ”ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:46
Now, we also use the zero conditional for facts as well.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ไบ‹ๅฎŸใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ผใƒญ ๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:51
A simple one is, "if you heat water, it boils,"
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็ฐกๅ˜ใชไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ใ€Œ ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ็†ฑใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆฒธ้จฐใ™ใ‚‹ใ€
03:56
or "if you heat water to a hundred degrees, it boils,"
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๆฐดใ‚’ 100 ๅบฆใซๅŠ ็†ฑใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆฒธ้จฐใ™ใ‚‹ใ€
04:01
or "ice cream melts when you puts it in the sun."
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ  ใ‚’ๅคช้™ฝใซๅฝ“ใฆใ‚‹ใจๆบถใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใชใฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:06
"Ice cream melts when you puts it in the sun."
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ใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ  ใฏๅคช้™ฝใซๅฝ“ใฆใ‚‹ใจๆบถใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€
04:10
So the zero conditional isn't one
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถใฏ
04:12
that people, generally, think about that much,
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ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ ใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Š
04:15
but I'm sure you've used this all the time,
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅธธใซไฝฟ็”จ
04:17
and your task right now is to think
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ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ไปŠใฎใ‚ใชใŸใฎไป•ไบ‹
04:20
of a conditional in the zero conditional.
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ใฏใ€ใ‚ผใƒญๆกไปถใฎๆกไปถใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:24
So think about your daily routine
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ—ฅๅธธ็”Ÿๆดปใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
04:27
and how when one thing happens, another thing happens.
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ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅˆฅใฎใ“ใจใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:33
When you stay up late, what happens in the morning?
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ๅคœๆ›ดใ‹ใ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆœใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
04:37
You might say, "when I stay up late,
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ใ€Œๅคœ
04:39
I drink more coffee the next day."
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ๆ›ดใ‹ใ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆฌกใฎๆ—ฅใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:41
"When I stay up late, I drink more coffee the next day."
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ใ€Œๅคœ ๆ›ดใ‹ใ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆฌกใฎๆ—ฅใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:44
So you're talking about general habits,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ™ฎๆฎตใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—
04:47
what you normally do.
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
04:50
Now, the next one, the first conditional,
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ๆฌกใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถ
04:53
is when we're using the if clause
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ๆ–‡ใฏ if ๅฅใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ
04:57
to talk about a real situation or a realistic situation,
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ็Šถๆณ ใพใŸใฏ็พๅฎŸ็š„ใช็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚
05:04
usually, in the future, in the future,
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้€šๅธธใฏๅฐ†ๆฅใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅใ€
05:09
and instead of giving you a will example,
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ๆ„ๅฟ—ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€
05:12
I'm gonna give you an imperative example.
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็งใฏ ็ตถๅฏพ็š„ใชไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:15
Okay, so imagine that I have
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŒ
05:17
this really important letter for Matthew.
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ใƒžใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใธใฎใ“ใฎ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
05:21
Matthew needs to read this letter.
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ใƒžใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใฏใ“ใฎๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:23
You can imagine a movie scene here,
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆ˜ ็”ปใฎใ‚ทใƒผใƒณใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใƒžใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใซ
05:25
where I need this letter to be read by Matthew. (chuckles)
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ใ“ใฎๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’่ชญใพใ›ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ (็ฌ‘ใ„ๅฃฐ)
05:30
I don't know why I put it in the passive,
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ใชใœๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใฎใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
05:33
but you are our only hope
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ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŸใกใฎๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎๅธŒๆœ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:36
because I'm not gonna see Matthew,
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใƒžใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใซไผšใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:39
but you might see Matthew,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒžใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใซไผšใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:42
and I'll say to you, "if you see Matthew,
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ใ€
05:45
give him this letter."
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ๅฝผใซใ“ใฎๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆธกใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
05:47
"If you see Matthew, give him this letter."
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ใ€Œใƒžใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใซไผšใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๅฝผใซๆธกใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
05:52
This is using the imperative form here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅ‘ฝไปคๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:55
"If you see Matthew, give him this letter."
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ใ€Œใƒžใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใซไผšใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๅฝผใซๆธกใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
05:59
Another example is, imagine you have
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ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฅฝใใชๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
06:02
a friend who you quite like.
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ใ€‚
06:06
You want to be more than friends.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ‹้”ไปฅไธŠใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๅพŒใงๆš‡
06:08
You might say something like, "you know,
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ใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ไฝ•ใ‹ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€ใชใฉใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
06:11
we can do something if you're free later."
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ใ€‚
06:14
"We can do something if you're free later."
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ใ€Œ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅพŒใงๆš‡ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:18
So again, we're use the word come here, not the word will.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€will ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏใชใใ€come here ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:23
I'll give you a will example soon,
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ใ™ใใซ้บ่จ€ๆ›ธใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’
06:25
but if you free later, we can do something,
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅพŒใง่งฃๆ”พ ใ—ใฆ
06:29
if you want to do something.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
06:31
Now, another example is imagine that your parents are coming
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธก่ฆชใŒ้Šใณ
06:35
to visit and your house is a disaster.
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ใซๆฅใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฎถใŒ็ฝๅฎณใซ้ญใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:39
You have just left things everywhere, is dirty.
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ใฉใ“ใซใงใ‚‚็‰ฉใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใฆใใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใง ใ€ๆฑšใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:43
The windows are dirty, everything is so dirty.
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็ช“ใŒๆฑšใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ใ™ในใฆใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฑšใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:48
You can say to your husband or wife,
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ๅคซใ‚„ๅฆปใซใ€
06:51
"okay, If my parents come, we have to clean the house."
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ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ไธก่ฆชใŒๆฅ ใŸใ‚‰ๅฎถใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใชใใกใ‚ƒใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:57
"If my parents come, we have to clean the house."
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—็งใฎไธก่ฆชใŒๆฅใŸใ‚‰ใ€็ง ใŸใกใฏๅฎถใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
07:01
Again, I've not given you example with will yet,
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใพใ ๆ„ๅฟ—ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
07:05
but if my parents come, we have to clean the house.
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ใŒใ€ไธก่ฆชใŒๆฅใŸใ‚‰ ๅฎถใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:09
All right, I think you're ready for a will example,
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๆ„ๅฟ—ใฎไพ‹ใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸ
07:12
and it's this.
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ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ€‚
07:13
If don't clean the house, my parents will go crazy.
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ๅฎถใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใชใ„ใจ ไธก่ฆชใŒใŠใ‹ใ—ใใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€‚
07:18
If we don't clean the house, my parents will go crazy.
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็งใŸใกใŒๅฎถใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใชใ„ใจใ€ ็งใฎไธก่ฆชใฏๆฐ—ใŒ็‹‚ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:24
Again, it's a realistic situation in the future.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ†ๆฅใฎ็พๅฎŸ็š„ใช ็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚
07:28
There's an if clause and then a consequence.
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if ๅฅใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซ็ตๆžœใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:32
If we don't clean the house, my parents will go crazy,
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ๅฎถใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใชใ„ใจ ไธก่ฆชใŒใŠใ‹ใ—ใใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎ
07:36
and I wanna give one more example,
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ไพ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„
07:39
like a movie example again.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:41
You can imagine this, where in the movie you might say,
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎไธญใงใ€
07:45
"if you ever see her again, tell her that I love her."
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ใ€Œ ๅฝผๅฅณใซใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆไผšใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจไผใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:50
"If you ever see her again, tell her that I love her."
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ใ€ŒใพใŸ ๅฝผๅฅณใซไผšใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจไผใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
07:55
That is my American accent.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
07:59
If anyone is a movie agent in Hollywood,
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใƒใƒชใ‚ฆใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚จใƒผใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
08:02
send me an email, [email protected],
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ใ€[email protected] ใซใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’้€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:06
and then I wanna give you one last example
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ 1 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
08:09
but using a question.
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ใŒใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:11
So imagine that you have arranged a wedding,
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ใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒ็ตๅฉšๅผใ‚’ๆ‰‹้…
08:14
and the wedding is outside, and you've paid a lot of money.
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ใ—ใ€็ตๅฉšๅผใŒๅฑ‹ๅค–ใง่กŒใ‚ ใ‚Œใ€ๅคš้กใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใฃใŸใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:18
You have all the things you need.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ™ในใฆๆƒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:21
You have all the food, the photographer,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ในใฆใฎ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ€ๅ†™็œŸๅฎถใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:25
and then you start thinking, and you ask the question,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่€ƒใˆๅง‹ใ‚ ใ€
08:28
"but what will we do if it rains?"
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ใ€Œใงใ‚‚้›จใŒ้™ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:32
"What will we do if it rains?"
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ใ€Œ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†๏ผŸใ€
08:35
So you're asking the question. If it rains, what will we do?
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—้›จใŒ้™ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
08:40
And as you can notice with these conditionals,
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใง
08:42
you can switch them around.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:45
You can have the if or when close at the start,
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if ใพใŸใฏ when ใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใซ้–‰ใ˜ใ‚‹
08:48
or you can have it at the end.
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ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ้–‰ใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:50
Well, "what will we do if it rains"
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ€Œ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€
08:53
and your partner says, "oh, haven't thought about that."
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ใจใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใƒŠใƒผใฏใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:59
Okay, the second conditional, the fun one.
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ใงใฏใ€2 ใค็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๅผใ€ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
09:03
This is the one where we talk
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
09:04
about impossible or improbable situations,
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ไธๅฏ่ƒฝใพใŸใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใใ†ใ‚‚ใชใ„็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใง
09:09
and the number one example.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไธ€็•ชใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:12
Actually, I think there were two.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใฏ2ไบบใ ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:14
There were two big examples.
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ๅคงใใชไพ‹ใŒ2ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:16
One is "if I won the lottery, I would buy."
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ไธ€ใคใฏใ€Œ ๅฎใใ˜ใŒๅฝ“ใŸใฃใŸใ‚‰่ฒทใ†ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:21
And I'm sure you've seen this in every textbook,
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆใฎๆ•™็ง‘ๆ›ธใ€
09:24
English textbook or English course.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ•™็ง‘ๆ›ธใ€ใพใŸใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใง่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™.
09:26
"If I won the lottery, I would buy a new house,"
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—ๅฎใใ˜ใŒๅฝ“ใŸใฃใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅฎถใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€
09:29
which, you know, is true, probably, in a lot of cases,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ™ใŒใ€
09:34
but we can do better.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ†ใพใใ‚„ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
09:36
We can think about different things as well
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็งใŸใกใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
09:39
and actually, I do wanna give that lottery example
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ ใใฎๅฎใใ˜ใฎไพ‹
09:42
as a good of when it's impossible versus a real situation,
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ใ‚’ใ€ไธๅฏ่ƒฝใชๅ ดๅˆใจ ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ็Šถๆณใฎ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆๆŒ™ใ’ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™.
09:50
even if it's improbable,
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ใŸใจใˆใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใใ†ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚
09:52
because let's say that you have
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09:54
a lottery ticket for tonight.
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.
09:57
Your friend might ask you, "what will you buy if you win?"
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ ใ€Œๅ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ไฝ•ใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:02
"What will you buy if you win?"
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ใ€Œๅ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ไฝ•ใ‚’่ฒทใ†๏ผŸใ€
10:05
Whereas, you might just say, if I might ask you, randomly,
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ ็งใŒใƒฉใƒณใƒ€ใƒ ใซๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
10:10
"what would you buy if you won the lottery?"
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ใ€Œ ๅฎใใ˜ใซๅฝ“้ธใ—ใŸใ‚‰ไฝ•ใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:14
Now, the reason we can use the first conditional here is
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
10:18
because you have a ticket.
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ใงใใ‚‹็†็”ฑใฏใ€ใƒใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:20
You actually have a lottery ticket.
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ๅฎŸใฏๅฎใใ˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:27
The word realistic doesn't always make sense,
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็พๅฎŸ็š„ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ ใฏๅธธใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆˆใ™ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›
10:30
but it's something that is a real situation in the future.
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ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏๅฐ†ๆฅใฎ็พๅฎŸใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚
10:33
You have a lottery ticket.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฎใใ˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:36
Oh, well, if I win this tonight,
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใพใ‚ใ€ไปŠๅคœๅ‹ใฆใฐ
10:40
I'll buy a new house tomorrow, most likely.
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ใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅฎถใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ† ใ€‚
10:44
Whereas the, "if you won the lottery, what would you buy?"
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ใ€Œ ๅฎใใ˜ใŒๅฝ“ใŸใฃใŸใ‚‰ไฝ•ใ‚’่ฒทใ†๏ผŸใ€
10:48
Is more of a hypothetical.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไปฎ่ชฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:50
Let's fantasize about this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฆ„ๆƒณใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:53
Let's have fun with this situation.
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ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:56
The question I like to ask is if you could live
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็งใŒ่žใใŸใ„ ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไธ–็•Œใฎใฉใฎๅ›ฝใซใงใ‚‚ไฝใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰
10:59
in any country in the world, which country would you choose?
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ใ€ใฉใฎๅ›ฝ ใ‚’้ธใณใพใ™ใ‹?
11:04
So if you had the ability, if you could.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ƒฝๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€‚ ไธ–็•Œ
11:07
If you could live in any country in the world,
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ใฎใฉใฎๅ›ฝใซใงใ‚‚ไฝใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใฉใฎ ๅ›ฝ
11:10
which country would you choose?
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ใ‚’้ธใณใพใ™ใ‹?
11:13
Leave your answers below
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ไธ‹ใซ
11:15
if there is a comment section below.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ไธ‹ใซๅ›ž็ญ”ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:19
Now, going back to our letter to Matthew,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒžใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใธใฎๆ‰‹็ด™ใซๆˆปใฃใฆใ€
11:23
imagine if our friend reads this, and they say to you,
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŸใกใฎๅ‹ไบบใŒ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใ“ใ†่จ€ใฃใŸใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆ
11:28
"oh my goodness, I wouldn't give
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11:31
that letter to Matthew if I were you."
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:34
"I wouldn't give that letter to Matthew if I were you."
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ใ€Œ ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใƒžใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใซใใฎๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆธกใ•ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
11:38
So this is like giving advice to somebody.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
11:42
If I were you, I wouldn't take that job.
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็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฏๅผ•ใๅ—ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:45
If I were you. I wouldn't date him.
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ซ‹ๅ ดใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅฝผใจใƒ‡ใƒผใƒˆใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:48
If I were you, I would not.
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็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:49
I would never date him if I were you.
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็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใจใƒ‡ใƒผใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:51
I would never date him.
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็งใฏๅฝผใจใƒ‡ใƒผใƒˆใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:54
Now, the second conditional reminds me a little bit of the,
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ใ•ใฆใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถ
11:58
"would you rather" questions,
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ๆ–‡ใฏใ€ใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’้ธใณใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•
12:01
where you give two options, or maybe more options,
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ใงใฏใ€2 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใ€ ใพใŸใฏใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใ‚’ไธŽใˆ
12:05
and somebody has to choose one of the options.
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ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใฎ 1 ใคใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:07
Now, sometimes these are strange or rude or something else,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใ ใฃ ใŸใ‚Šใ€็„ก็คผใ ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ใใฎไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
12:13
but I'm just gonna give you a couple of fun ones,
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ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹
12:16
and I'll send you to a website
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ใ—ใ€
12:17
where you can read more about it.
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณใ—ใ่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:21
Would you rather have the ability
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12:24
to see 10 minutes into the future
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10ๅˆ†ๅ…ˆใฎๆœชๆฅ
12:26
or 150 years into the future?
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ใจ150ๅนดๅ…ˆใฎๆœชๆฅใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?
12:30
I mean, that's easy, isn't it?
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ†
12:31
It's definitely 150 years into the future,
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ใงใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใ150ๅนดๅพŒใฎๆœชๆฅ
12:36
unless you're.
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ใงใ™.
12:38
I don't know, unless wow.
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ใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ—ใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:40
Hmm. That no.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใฎใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚
12:43
Definitely 150 years into the future.
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้–“้•ใ„ใชใ150ๅนดๅพŒใ€‚
12:45
So you can see what the world is gonna be like then.
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ไธ–็•ŒใŒใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:49
Whereas, 10 minutes, I suppose you
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€10 ๅˆ†ใ€ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใฎ่ฉฆๅˆใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃ
12:51
could do something like put a bet on,
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ใŸใ‚‰ใ€่ณญใ‘ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
12:54
if there's a soccer game that ends,
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12:56
but it's kind of boring, that one.
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ้€€ๅฑˆใงใ™ใ€‚
12:58
All right, here's another one.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใ ใ€‚
12:59
Would you rather labor under a hot sun or extreme cold?
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ๆš‘ใ„ๆ—ฅๅทฎใ—ใฎไธ‹ใงๅƒใใ‹ใ€ๆฅต็ซฏใชๅฏ’ใ•ใฎไธ‹ใงๅƒใใ‹ใ€‚
13:07
Probably extreme cold, but with really good clothes on.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใๆฅตๅฏ’ใงใ™ใŒ ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„ๆœใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:12
Would you rather wear the same socks for a month
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1ใ‹ๆœˆๅŒใ˜้ดไธ‹ใ‚’ๅฑฅใ
13:15
or the same underwear for a week?
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ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚1้€ฑ้–“ๅŒใ˜ไธ‹็€ใ‚’ๅฑฅใใพใ™ใ‹?
13:18
Hm. Ah.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€‚
13:20
I'd say the same socks from month.
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ๆœˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅŒใ˜้ดไธ‹ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:25
No, the same underway for a week.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใŒ 1 ้€ฑ้–“้€ฒ่กŒไธญใงใ™ใ€‚
13:28
Would you rather have a sing-off
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13:29
with Ariana Grande or a dance-off with Rihanna.
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ใ‚ขใƒชใ‚ขใƒŠใƒปใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒณใƒ‡ใจใฎๅˆๅ”ฑ ใจใ€ใƒชใ‚ขใƒผใƒŠใจใฎใƒ€ใƒณใ‚นใƒปใ‚ชใƒ•ใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’้ธใณใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
13:34
Now, a sing-off is where you have like a competition
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ทใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚ชใƒ•
13:37
of singing and a dance-off is where you have a competition
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ใฏๆญŒใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ใƒ€ใƒณใ‚นใ‚ชใƒ•ใฏใƒ€ใƒณใ‚นใฎ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช
13:40
of dancing, and this one is easy for me,
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ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใซใจใฃใฆ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:42
a dance-off with Rihanna because I would win.
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ใƒชใ‚ขใƒผใƒŠใจใฎใƒ€ใƒณใ‚นใ‚ชใƒ•ใฏ ็งใŒๅ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:47
Anyway, let's just go back to the second conditional.
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:53
People use this a lot in terms of if I had more time.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
13:57
I think time and money. People talk about these two.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใจใŠ้‡‘ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใ€…ใฏใ“ใฎ2ใคใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:01
If I have more time, I would do this.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:03
If I had more money, I would do that.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€‚
14:05
If I had more money, I would have more time.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ™‚้–“ใŒๆŒใฆใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€‚
14:08
Hmm, and if I have more time, I think,
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ
14:12
I would spend more time just in nature, outside,
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ใ€่‡ช็„ถใฎไธญใงใ€ๅค–ใงใ€
14:17
just doing, not doing nothing,
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ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ›ใšใซ
14:20
but just not feeling like I have to do something,
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ใ€ใŸใ  ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆฐ—ๆŒใกใง้Žใ”ใ™ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ™ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
14:23
but that's the second conditional.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ2็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใงใ™.
14:25
The third conditional is used to talk
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3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฏ
14:28
about impossible things or, like, hypothetical things,
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14:34
similar to the second conditional but in the past.
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ใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใซไผผใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใŒใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไธๅฏ่ƒฝใชใ“ใจใ‚„ไปฎ่ชฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
14:38
So we can change the past to then change the past,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ ใซ้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใŸใ‚Šใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ
14:43
or we can change one part of the past
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ไธ€้ƒจใ‚„ๅˆฅใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
14:46
or another part of the past,
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ใ€
14:48
and we often use it to describe things that we regret
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ๅพŒๆ‚”ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
14:53
or just about how things would be different.
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ใ‚„ใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
14:56
Now, the example I like to give is
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใŸใ„ไพ‹
14:58
that I met my wife in a language school,
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ใฏใ€่ชžๅญฆๅญฆๆ กใงๅฆป
15:03
and I came out of my hostel and actually asked for.
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ใซไผšใ„ใ€ใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒซใ‚’ๅ‡บใฆ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ้ ผใ‚“ใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™.
15:08
I didn't ask for directions,
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็งใฏ้“ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
15:10
but this guy just approached me because I had a map,
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎ็”ทใฏ ็งใŒๅœฐๅ›ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎใง็งใซ่ฟ‘ใฅใ„ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ.
15:14
and I was, obviously, not from Ecuador,
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็งใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒซๅ‡บ่บซ
15:17
and he said, "oh, wait, where are you going?"
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ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
15:20
So I told him, "the language school, my first choice,"
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ใใ‚Œใง็งใฏๅฝผใซใ€Œ่ชžๅญฆ ๅญฆๆ กใ€็งใฎ็ฌฌไธ€ๅฟ—ๆœ›ใงใ™ใ€
15:23
and he said, "oh, go right, just go right.
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ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ๅฝผใฏใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅณใซ่กŒใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ๅณใซ่กŒใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
15:26
It's down that road,"
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ใ€‚ใใฎ้“ใฎๅ…ˆใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€
15:28
and I thought, "no, it's not.
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ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
15:31
I know. I've looking at my map.
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ใ€‚ ๅœฐๅ›ณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‰
15:32
It's the other way."
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้€†ใ ใ€
15:34
So when someone gives you directions,
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่ชฐใ‹ใซ้“ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅค‰
15:38
you have to follow what they say
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938110
1970
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅพ“ใ‚ใชใใ‚ƒ
15:40
because it's strange, isn't it?
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ใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
15:42
Going off in the other direction.
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1960
ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๅ‘ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
15:44
So, anyway, I followed his directions
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€็งใฏๅฝผใฎๆŒ‡็คบใซๅพ“ใ„
15:47
and yeah, looked to my map a few minutes later,
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ใ€ใˆใˆ ใ€ๆ•ฐๅˆ†ๅพŒใซๅœฐๅ›ณ
15:50
and I said, "look, I'm at option number two.
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ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ€Œใปใ‚‰ใ€็ง ใฏใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ2ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:54
I'm closer to that option. So I might as well."
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็งใฏใใฎใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซ่ฟ‘ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:57
Great phrase, great phrase. I might as well.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅฅใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ ๅฅใ€‚ ็งใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€‚
15:59
"Might as well just go to that language school now."
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ใ€ŒไปŠใ‹ใ‚‰ใใฎ่ชžๅญฆๅญฆๆ กใซ่กŒใฃใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ€
16:03
So I did. That's where I met my wife.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ“ใงๅฆปใจๅ‡บไผšใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:06
So I often say, "if that guy hadn't approached me."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ‚ˆใใ€Œใ‚ใฎ ไบบใŒ็งใซ่ฟ‘ใฅใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:12
So if that guy hadn't approached me,
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ใ‚ใฎ็”ทใŒ็งใซ่ฟ‘ใฅใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€
16:14
"I wouldn't have met my wife."
292
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฆปใซไผšใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใ€‚
16:17
So I don't know who he is.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝผใŒ่ชฐใ ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
16:19
If you're listening to this in Ecuador,
294
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1970
ใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒซใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใฆใ€
16:21
and you remember this situation, let me know.
295
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ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:24
But if that guy hadn't approached me,
296
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ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใฎ็”ทใŒ็งใซ่ฟ‘ใฅใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
16:27
I wouldn't have met my wife.
297
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็งใฏๅฆปใซไผšใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
16:29
So we're talking about how you change one situation
298
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ใคใพใ‚Š
16:33
in the past and what that consequence is in the past as well
299
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎใ‚ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ใˆใ€ใใฎ็ตๆžœใŒ้ŽๅŽปใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ† ใช็ตๆžœใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—
16:38
and now, I'm gonna give you the typical example
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใŒ
16:42
that you see in textbooks.
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ใ€ๆ•™็ง‘ๆ›ธใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใชไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
16:45
Are you ready? Are you ready for this?
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1973
ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:48
"If I had brought my umbrella, I wouldn't have got wet."
303
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—ๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ๆฟกใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใซใ€
16:55
"If I had brought my umbrella, I wouldn't have got wet."
304
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—ๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ๆฟกใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใซใ€
17:00
Now, the only way I see people use this is
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ไปŠใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎๆ–นๆณ•
17:04
in a very sarcastic way, like where a parent says
306
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ใฏใ€่ฆช
17:09
to the kid, "okay, it might rain, take your umbrella,"
307
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3740
ใŒๅญไพ›ใซใ€Œๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ ใ€ๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€
17:12
or "it's gonna rain, take an umbrella,"
308
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2230
ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€
17:15
and the child says, "no, no, I don't need an umbrella,"
309
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3283
ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€้žๅธธใซ็šฎ่‚‰ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™. ๅญไพ›ใŒใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆ ใ€ๅ‚˜ใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
17:18
then the mum or the dad says, "come on,
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ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใพใŸใฏใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ€Œใ•ใ‚ใ€
17:20
just take an umbrella with you, just in case.
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ๅฟตใฎใŸใ‚ๅ‚˜ ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:24
If it doesn't rain, don't use it.
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้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝฟใ‚ใชใ„ใงใ€‚
17:27
If it rains, you have your umbrella."
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้›จใŒ้™ใฃใŸใ‚‰ๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใญใ€‚ใ€
17:28
"No, I'm not taking my umbrella.
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ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็งใฏๅ‚˜
17:30
I don't need my umbrella,"
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1570
ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚็งใฏ็งใฎๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
17:31
and then the child comes back 10 minutes later,
316
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ 10ๅˆ†ๅพŒใซๅญไพ›ใŒๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆใ€
17:35
soaked, soaked, and you say,
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ใšใถๆฟกใ‚Œใงใ€ใšใถๆฟกใ‚Œใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
17:38
"well, if you'd taken an umbrella,
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17:41
you wouldn't have got wet."
319
1061260
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ใ€‚ ๆฟกใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
17:43
I think the second most typical example here is,
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใซ ๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใชไพ‹ใฏใ€
17:47
"if I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam."
321
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใฃใจๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ ใŸใ‚‰่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅˆๆ ผใ—ใŸใฎใซใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:52
"If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam."
322
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใฃใจไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ ใŸใ‚‰ใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅˆๆ ผใ—ใŸใฎใซใ€‚ใ€
17:56
So those are two examples I'm sure you've heard before.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไปฅๅ‰ใซ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:59
They're quite good examples in the sense
324
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถ
18:01
that they really focus in on specific things
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18:05
that make sense for using the third conditional,
326
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไธŠใงๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใ‚ใ‚‹็‰นๅฎšใฎไบ‹ๆŸ„ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’
18:09
but I'm gonna give you another movie experience one now
327
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ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏ้žๅธธใซ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅˆฅใฎ ๆ˜ ็”ปไฝ“้จ“ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—
18:14
because imagine your friend gives that letter to Matthew,
328
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ‹ไบบ ใŒใใฎๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ใƒžใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใซๆธกใ—
18:18
and then you never hear from Matthew again
329
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ใ€ๆฌกใซ ใใฎๆ‰‹็ด™ใฏใฒใฉใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใƒžใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใ‹ใ‚‰ไบŒๅบฆใจ้€ฃ็ตกใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
18:22
because that letter was just terrible.
330
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ใ€‚
18:24
It didn't make any sense.
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
18:26
So you can say, "ugh, if I hadn't given that let to Matthew,
332
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ ใƒžใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใซใใฎ่จฑๅฏใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€
18:32
maybe he would have forgiven me."
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ๅฝผใฏ็งใ‚’่จฑใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
18:35
"If I hadn't given that letter to Matthew,
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ใ€Œใ‚ใฎๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ใƒžใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใซๆธกใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€
18:37
maybe he would have forgiven me."
335
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่จฑใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใซใ€
18:40
Now, sometimes we are not completely certain
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ใ•ใฆ
18:44
that changing the past would change the past.
337
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚Œใฐ้ŽๅŽปใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็ขบไฟกใŒๆŒใฆใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:48
So you might say something like, "well, if I studied harder,
338
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰
18:52
I might have passed the exam."
339
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ใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅˆๆ ผใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:55
"If I had studied harder, I might have passed the exam"
340
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใฃใจไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ ใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅˆๆ ผใงใใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€
18:59
or with more intonation.
341
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ใจใ‹ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆŠ‘ๆšใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€‚
19:00
I'll give it to you with more intonation.
342
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆŠ‘ๆšใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:03
"If I studied harder, I might have passed the exam."
343
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใฃใจไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅˆๆ ผใงใใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€
19:07
I might, I might have passed the exam.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅˆๆ ผใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:10
Not quite sure.
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:11
I might have done it but maybe not,
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใŒใ€ใใ†ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„
19:14
or, "oh, I could have come to the party if you had told me"
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19:19
So this person didn't tell me about this party
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19:22
and I'm. (grunts)
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. (ใ†ใ‚ใๅฃฐ)
19:23
I don't like to miss parties, but maybe I was unavailable.
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็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’ๆฌ ๅธญใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅฅฝใใง ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ็งใฏๅ‡บๅธญใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ.
19:27
So, "I could have come to the party. If you had told me,"
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซๆฅใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ ใฎใซใ€‚ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
19:31
or, "I would have come to the party, if you would tell me,"
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซๆฅใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใซใ€
19:34
which is a lot stronger,
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ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๅผทใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:36
and then I wanna give you a question example.
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ ไพ‹ใ€‚
19:38
You might say, "so would you have passing exam
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ใ€Œ
19:43
If you had studied harder?"
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅˆๆ ผใงใใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:45
"Would you have passed the exam if you had studied harder?"
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ใ€Œ ใ‚‚ใฃใจไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅˆๆ ผใงใใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
19:49
Maybe.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใ€‚
19:51
Okay, so those are the various conditionals
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใ™
19:54
in English but wait, there's more.
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ใŒใ€ๅพ…ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ไป–ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
19:58
There are more conditionals.
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆกไปถใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆททๅˆ
19:59
There are these conditionals called mixed conditionals,
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ๆกไปถใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆกไปถใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ ใ€
20:04
and I'm not gonna go into too much depth here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
20:06
I'll leave a link to a video I made on this,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ็งใŒไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใธใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—
20:09
but I'm just gonna give you a couple of examples,
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ใฆใŠใ ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
20:12
and a great example is, "if I'd bought Bitcoin in 2011,
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่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใฏใ€ใ€Œ 2011 ๅนดใซใƒ“ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ณใ‚คใƒณใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
20:17
I would be rich now."
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ไปŠใฏ้‡‘ๆŒใกใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
20:20
So this is how the past affects the present.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€้ŽๅŽป ใŒ็พๅœจใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:23
"If I had bought Bitcoin in 2011," the past,
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ใ€Œ2011 ๅนดใซใƒ“ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ณใ‚คใƒณใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ใ€้ŽๅŽปใ€
20:27
"I would be rich now," the present,
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ใ€ŒไปŠใ€้‡‘ๆŒใกใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใ€็พๅœจใ€
20:31
or, "if that guy hadn't have given me
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ใฎ็”ทใŒ้–“้•ใฃใŸๆ–นๅ‘ๆ€งใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰
20:36
the wrong directions", in Ecuador.
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ใ€ใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒซใงใ€‚
20:39
"If he hadn't have given me the wrong directions,
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝผใŒ ็งใซ้–“้•ใฃใŸ้“้ †ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆ
20:43
then I wouldn't be in America now."
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ใใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏไปŠใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใซใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
20:47
So this is a fun one where you can think
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20:50
about how the past affects the present,
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้ŽๅŽปใŒ็พๅœจใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใŸใ‚Š
20:54
and you can also have ones where the past affects the future
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปใŒๆœชๆฅใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆ
20:58
or your current situation affects the future.
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€็พๅœจใฎ็Šถๆณ ใŒๆœชๆฅใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
21:05
Those types of things,
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ€
21:06
or your current situation affects the past.
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ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็พๅœจใฎ็Šถๆณ ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
21:09
Again, I'll leave a link to the lesson I made on that.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŒไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใŠใใพใ™ ใ€‚
21:12
So then you can go through that quite slowly
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ ้žๅธธใซใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Š
21:14
and have a good look at the examples.
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ใจ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใ€ไพ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
21:17
So the zero, first, second, and third conditionals.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ผใƒญใ€1 ็•ช็›ฎใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎ ใ€3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:22
We use these a lot in English, and they're fun to use.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไฝฟใฃ ใฆใ„ใฆๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:25
Like I said before, the zero conditional focuses
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ๅ‰ใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ๆกไปถใ‚ผใƒญ
21:28
on the habits and facts in general, what you normally do.
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ใฏ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‚„ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ™ฎๆฎตใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:33
The first one talks about a future situation,
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏ ใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎ็Šถๆณ
21:39
a realistic future situation.
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ใ€็พๅฎŸ็š„ใชๅฐ†ๆฅใฎ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:42
The second one is more
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2 ใค็›ฎ
21:43
about hypothetical situations or improbable ones,
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ใฏไปฎ่ชฌ็š„ใช็Šถๆณ ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚Šใใ†ใ‚‚ใชใ„็Šถๆณใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใง
21:47
and then the third is about things in the past,
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ใ€3 ใค็›ฎใฏ ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใง
21:51
which is, again, a fun one to use.
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
21:54
So again, if you found this useful, here's a conditional,
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไพฟๅˆฉใ ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๆกไปถใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
21:58
then please share it with a friend.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ‹ไบบใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
22:00
So just click that share button, send it by Messenger,
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ใใฎๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ ใงใ€Messenger ใง
22:03
send it by iPhone message or post it to a Facebook group.
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้€ไฟกใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€iPhone ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใง้€ไฟกใ—ใŸใ‚Š ใ€Facebook ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซๆŠ•็จฟใ—ใŸใ‚Šใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
22:10
Share the love, share this with more people.
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ๆ„›ใ‚’ๅˆ†ใ‹ใกๅˆใ„ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎไบบใ€…ใจๅˆ†ใ‹ใกๅˆใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
22:15
If you're listening on Spotify, hello.
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Spotify ใง่ดใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–นใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
22:17
If you're listening on Apple iTunes, hello to you,
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Apple iTunes ใงใŠ
22:20
and if you're listening on YouTube, hello, YouTubers,
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่ดใใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚YouTube ใงใŠ่ดใใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€YouTuber ใฎ็š†ๆง˜ใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏ
22:23
good to have you here.
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ใ€‚
22:25
So again, I hope you found it useful,
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใŠๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ใŠไผšใ„ใงใใฆๅ…‰ๆ „ใงใ™
22:27
and it's great having you here with me.
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ใ€‚
22:30
Like I said, we release a lesson about once a week.
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็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็งใŸใก ใฏ้€ฑใซไธ€ๅบฆใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใƒชใƒชใƒผใ‚นใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:34
I'd say about once a week, every week.
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ๆฏŽ้€ฑใ€้€ฑใซ1ๅ›žใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:36
We might start doing it on Tuesday soon.
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ใ™ใใซ็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
22:39
Let me know what you think about that
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ๆ€ใ†ใ‹ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
22:40
and yeah, if you're new here, subscribe to these lessons.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๅˆใ‚ใฆใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
22:44
Thanks again for being here and I'll speak to you soon.
410
1364880
1265
ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใฆใใ‚Œ ใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚ใ™ใใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:46
Bye, bye.
411
1366145
833
ใƒใ‚คใƒใ‚คใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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