How Radical Hospitality Can Change the Lives of the Formerly Incarcerated | Reuben Jonathan Miller

Transcriber:

翻译人员: Sally Lee 校对人员: Bruce Wang

There are few things we know about mass incarceration in our country.

我们对我国的大规模监禁知之甚少。

We know, for example, that we're the world's leading jailer.

例如，我们都知道，我们的狱卒数量居世界第一，

With five percent of the world's population,

虽然我们的人口数量只占全球的5%，

we incarcerate 20 percent of its prisoners.

但却监禁了全球20%的囚犯。

And we know that we punish our poor, our own.

我们惩罚穷人、自己人，

Half of the [imprisoned] --

有一半的囚犯， （事实上，远远不止一半）生活在贫困线以下。

in fact, well over half -- live below the poverty line.

This is nothing to say

无需我多言，

about the egregious racial disparities in how we administer justice

在执法和裁决问题上存在的严重种族歧视，

and how we choose to punish.

Black Americans are five times more likely to be incarcerated than white Americans.

黑人被监禁的可能性是白人的五倍，

And they do lengthier sentences, even for the same crimes.

而且即使是对同样的罪行，他们的刑期也更长。

This is punishment in the United States.

这就是美国的司法制度。

But what is punishment for?

但刑罚是为了什么？

When does punishment end?

又什么时候能终结？

Why do we punish in this way?

我们为什么要采用这样的方式？

In the 1970s,

在20世纪70年代，

we said that punishment was for the purpose of rehabilitation.

我们说刑罚是为了帮助犯人悔改。

But on the heels of the civil rights movement

但在民权运动，

and a predictable, because it was cyclical, crime wave,

和周期性、可预测的犯罪浪潮之后，

we decided that rehabilitation no longer worked.

我们认为悔改并没有起效。

In fact, our policymakers said

事实上，我们的政策制定者说，

that nothing worked for people like them.

这样的人无可救药。

That is to say, the people that we lock away

这样的人就是指那些被关在美国监狱里的人，

in our American jails and prisons,

the kinds of people that we put in a cage.

那些被囚禁的人。

We made a political decision in that moment

我们当时颁布一个政策：

that what we would do

接下来要做的，

is we would sentence people to longer terms in prison

就是把犯人关押得更久一些，

and that we would make sure that the punishments were more harsh.

这样就能让惩罚更重。

But my research shows

但是我的研究显示，

that punishment doesn't end when the sentence ends.

刑满释放的时候，惩罚也还没有结束。

I'm a sociologist.

我是一个社会学家。

I began this work as a volunteer chaplain

我的职业开始于芝加哥库克县监狱，

at the Cook County Jail in Chicago,

那时候我是一名牧师志愿者，

and it was there that I was confronted with the realities of mass incarceration.

在那里，我亲眼目睹了大规模监禁的情形。

It was there that I was greeted by a sea of faces that look like mine,

在那里，和我打招呼的犯人与我有着一样的肤色，

from neighborhoods that look like mine

他们的出生背景也和我相似，

because I was born poor and Black after 1972.

因为我出生在1972年后贫穷的黑人社区，

This is the year that mass incarceration began in earnest.

那年是大规模监禁真正开始的一年。

And I was confronted by the reality

我面对的情形是，

that the people I spent time with were not just my neighbors,

与我相处的囚犯不仅让我感觉熟悉，

they were certainly more than just criminals.

他们也不只是一名囚犯。

These are people who had families,

这些人有家庭，

who loved people and who were loved by people.

有爱的人，也有人爱他们。

These were people who contributed to their homes

他们也曾为家庭辛苦付出，

and to their sense of community.

为社区做过贡献。

So I had to know what happened when they went home.

所以我必须知道他们出狱回家后发生了什么。

I had to know what brought them there in the first place.

我得先知道是什么把他们带到了监狱。

So I began to study mass incarceration.

所以我开始研究大规模监禁。

I spent two decades following people that we've learned to be afraid of.

我花了20年时间跟踪那些我们通常会躲着走的人，

A man I call Jimmy Caldwell was one of those people.

一个叫吉米·考德威尔的人就是其中之一。

He spent two decades on and off in Michigan jails and prisons.

他在密歇根州的监狱里断断续续地度过了20年，

He was diagnosed with bipolar disorder

被诊断出患有双相情感障碍，

but didn't get access to medical care

但没有获得所需的医疗或药物。

or the medication that he needed.

I met him on the day of his release.

我在他获释那天见过他。

He was handed a sheet of paper.

当时他拿到了一张纸，

This is known as the conditions of release,

上面写着所谓的释放条件，

and they list things that you may not do.

列出了释放之后不能做的事情。

You may not cross state lines;

比如不能跨越州界线，

you may not own a weapon;

不能拥有武器，

you may not drink even if you’re of age;

即使已经成年，也不能喝酒；

you may not use substances, including marijuana,

也不能使用包括大麻在内的物品，

even in states where it’s legal;

即使该州法律允许，

you may not associate with so-called known offenders.

不能与所谓的已知罪犯来往。

This is an impossibility in a city like Detroit,

这些条件在底特律这样的城市是不可能做到的，

where crime and incarceration, by the way,

顺便说一句，那里因罪入狱的事件

is concentrated in so few neighborhoods.

发生在高度集中的几个社区。

It’s also an impossibility in cities like Chicago or LA or New York,

在芝加哥、洛杉矶、纽约等城市，

or any of the major places where people live.

或任何人口众多的大城市，这也是不可能的。

I wanted to know how he met these restrictions.

因此我想知道吉米是如何遵守这些限制规定的。

But more than the things that he couldn't do,

除了不能做的事情之外，

he was given a new set of responsibilities.

他还需要承担一系列新的任务：

You must report to a probation officer once a week at least.

每周至少向缓刑官汇报一次；

You must submit to and pay for a urinalysis.

必须接受尿液分析并支付费用；

You must attend Narcotics Anonymous.

必须参加匿名戒毒会，

You must do this multiple times each week.

而且需要每周多次参加；

You must also go to a workforce development program.

还必须参加劳动力发展项目；

You must get a job.

必须找到一份工作，

You must do all of this before 3pm each day,

并且活动时间只限每天的下午三点前，

because that’s your curfew.

因为之后就是宵禁时间；

And you must wear an ankle bracelet so we can monitor your movement.

他还必须戴上脚铐，方便司法机关监控他的轨迹。

Violation of any of these rules can cost you your freedom.

违反任何这些规则都会让他失去自由。

How did Jimmy make these appointments?

所以吉米是如何完成要求的？

He was effectively homeless.

实际上他无家可归，

He had no money for transportation.

连交通费也付不起。

How did he reconnect with his family,

那么他如何与家人、

the people whom he loved and who loved him?

朋友恢复建立联系？

So I decided to follow Jimmy,

所以我决定进一步了解吉米，

as I followed people like him for so many years before.

之前我也曾追踪调查了像他这样的人许多年。

We met at the Rosa Parks Transit Center in Detroit,

我和吉米在底特律的罗莎公园交通中心见了面，

this is a bus depot near midtown.

那是中城附近的一个公交车站，

This was one of the coldest days of the year.

也是一年中最冷的时候，

It was February of 2015, and Jimmy was unprepared.

2015年2月，吉米却毫无抗寒的准备，

He didn't have a coat.

连一件厚外套也没有，

He wore a Detroit Tigers baseball jacket.

他穿的是底特律老虎队的棒球夹克。

And he didn't have a winter hat,

也没有厚帽子，

not a full one, he had a thin worn skullcap that he wore.

甚至也没有一顶完整的，他就戴着一顶薄薄的破帽子。

This is one of those days where your teeth chatter.

这正是冻到牙齿打颤的季节，

It's one of those days where you can see your breath.

可以看到空气里面自己呼出的白气。

And here's Jimmy.

吉米来了，

No scarf, no gloves.

没有围巾，没有手套。

And here's where we have to go to a workforce development center

我们必须要去劳动力发展中心，

that's at least a half-hour walk

距离公交车下车的地方

from where the last bus could drop him off.

至少还要步行半小时。

So here we are, walking to the center.

所以我们就步行着去了。

It's very cold.

天气太冷了，

And during this walk,

在路上的时候，

Jimmy does his best to make me feel comfortable.

吉米尽力让我感到自在。

He tells me no fewer than five times,

他至少五次对我说：

"Man, I appreciate spending time with a brother like you."

“老兄，我很感激和你这样的兄弟在一起。”

This is what he says.

他就是这么说的。

He says, "I'm glad to be doing something positive."

他说：“我很高兴能做一些有意义的事情。”

This is what he tells me.

他这样告诉我。

And he begins to compliment me until I feel uncomfortable.

然后他开始恭维我，直到我开始觉得有点不舒服。

I think he’s trying to butter me up for something;

我觉得他可能是有求于我，所以拍我马屁；

I think he's prepared me for the ask, I'm not very comfortable with compliments.

可能在为自己之后提要求做铺垫，但是我不太适应别人的恭维。

This isn't my thing.

我不是那样的人。

But when I got to the center with Jimmy,

但当我和吉米一起到达中心时，

I understood in a much deeper way why he went through those motions.

我更深刻地理解了他为什么要这样做。

The entire building was closed.

整栋大楼都关闭了。

There was a loose leaf sheet of paper taped to the front window

前窗上贴着一张活页纸，

that had the address to hopefully open centers

上面写着他可以去的、正在开放的中心的地址。

that he might be able to go to.

There was no phone number on that paper,

但是纸上没有电话号码，

so we couldn’t call ahead to make sure it was open,

所以我们不能提前打电话确认它是否是开着的，

and it didn't matter if there was a phone number.

其实有没有留电话号码也没差别，

Jimmy's phone had run out of minutes long before,

吉米的电话早就停机了，

he couldn't have called if he wanted to.

有需要也打不了电话。

I wish I could tell you that I gave Jimmy a ride to that center

我希望我能说，我之所以开车送吉米去那个中心

because I'm a good guy

是因为我是个好人，

and I thought he was a good guy in a bad situation.

同时我认为他是一个苦命的好人。

I wish I could say that;

我希望事实就是这样，

I think I'd earn points on humanitarian grounds.

从人道主义的角度，我表现不错。

But the truth of the matter is I gave Jimmy a ride because I was cold.

但事实是我送吉米一程是因为我很冷。

I didn't feel like walking nine miles.

我不想走九英里。

I didn't feel like getting on the bus.

我不想坐公共汽车。

So we hopped in my car and we made our way.

于是我们跳上我的车，朝前开去。

Miles through the Detroit traffic.

我们在底特律的车流中穿梭，

But it didn't matter.

但这不是重点，

When we got to the new center,

当我们到达另一个中心，

the one that was nine miles away,

就是9英里外的那个，

a center that was ironically close to the place where Jimmy slept at night --

好笑的是这个中心离吉米晚上露宿的地方很近，

By the way, he was doing off-the-books demolition work for his old dope dealer;

顺便说一句，他正在为他以前的毒品贩子做帐外拆除工作，

the dope dealer started buying and selling real estate;

毒品贩子开始做买卖房地产方面的工作，

in exchange for Jimmy’s work, he allowed him to sleep there.

为了让吉米帮他做事，毒贩允许他睡在那里。

We get to this place that's so close to his home,

我们抵达的这个地方离着吉米家非常近，

but that he was made to travel so far away

但是他却被要求跋山涉水去另外一个中心，

because he was ordered to go to somewhere else.

这是规定要求。

And by the time we get there, the training classes were full.

我们到达的时候，培训课堂已经满员了，

There was no space for Jimmy.

没有多余名额给吉米。

They tell him to come back the next week

工作人员让他下周再来，

in case another person on probation failed to show up.

前提是那时候能有另一个缓刑人员没来。

We grab brochures on the way out the door,

我们在出门的路上拿了一些小册子，

and we headed to Coney Island, this is a Detroit diner chain,

然后就出发去科尼岛，底特律的一家连锁餐厅。

so that Jimmy and I could debrief about the day's activities.

这样吉米和我就可以复盘一下当天的情况。

Jimmy thanked me profusely

吉米非常感激我给他买了一顿七美元的午餐；

for the seven-dollar lunch that I bought him,

for the bus card that I gave him in exchange

还给了他一张公交卡

for the interview that took place,

以便他参加面试；感谢我的陪伴，

and for being there for him.

For being there.

感谢我能来。

What did I do?

我又做了什么呢？

Jimmy's life moved from one rejection to another.

吉米经历了一次又一次的碰壁，

The prison refused him psychiatric care.

监狱拒绝让他接受精神治疗，

The social service agency shuttered its doors.

又碰上社会服务机构关门。

Without me, he wouldn't have made it to his appointment.

没有我，他就不能赴约了。

And with me, it just didn't matter,

但我的帮助也非常有限，

he was turned away anyway.

他还是会被拒绝。

He wouldn't even have a place to stay without his dope dealer.

如果没有毒贩，他连个住的地方都没有。

And homelessness, by the way, is a violation of parole.

顺便说一句，无家可归也违反了假释。

All of this would have to be explained to his probation officer,

所有这些，吉米都必须向他的缓刑官解释，

who may not believe him.

而后者可能不会相信他。

And this is a fantastic story.

这是一个荒诞的故事。

Jimmy lived at the mercy

吉米生活在别人的怜悯和善意之下，

and the kindness of others.

He needed them for food, for clothing, for shelter, for transportation,

以此获得食物、衣服、居所、交通，

to maintain his freedom, his very freedom.

来维持自由，他宝贵的自由。

This is all a matter of public policy.

这完全是一个公共政策问题。

Jimmy, like 19.6 million Americans in our country,

吉米只是这1960万美国人中的一员。

20 million people,

2000万人口，

a population that's ten times the size of the jail and prison census,

足足是监狱可关押人数和服刑普查的十倍，

those people live with felony records.

这些人都有重罪记录，

They live in an alternate legal reality.

他们生活在另一个法律管辖中，

What I write about as a "supervised society."

也就是我所写的一个“受监督的社会”。

In the supervised society, 44,000 laws,

在这个受监督的社会中，44000项法律、

policies and administrative sanctions

政策和行政制裁规定了他们可以去哪里、

dictate where they may go,

with whom they might live and how they spend their time.

与谁生活以及如何生活。

If you've got a criminal record,

如果你有犯罪记录，

even if that record was from a lifetime ago,

即使那是很久以前的记录，

even if you've changed your ways

即使你已经改变了自己，

in ways that only your family might hope that you would,

已经按照你家人的希望洗心革面，

it's nearly impossible to get work.

但是在19,000条劳动力市场的限制条例下，

19,000 labor market restrictions ensure that.

你还是几乎不可能找到工作。

It's nearly impossible to rent an apartment without help.

没有帮助的话也几乎不可能租到公寓，

Over a thousand housing regulations ensure that.

因为有一千多条相关住房法规的限制。

Four thousand regulations on civic engagement,

此外还有4000条关于公民民主参与的规定，

1,000 regulations on family and domestic rights,

1000条关于家庭和家庭权利的规定

almost ensuring that if you've got a criminal record

几乎可以确保：如果你有犯罪记录，

that you can't live with the people that you want to live with most.

你不能与你爱的人生活在一起。

How did we get here?

为什么会发展到这个局面？

How did we get to this supervised society?

这个受监督的社会是如何形成的？

The roots run deep, at least as deep as our country.

由来已久了，至少和美国的历史一样久。

But the legal infrastructure for a supervised society

它的法律基础始于20世纪80年代，

began in the 1980s.

It starts in housing policy.

始于住房政策。

Congress passed legislation that made it so

当时国会通过了一项立法，

that landlords would reject applicants with criminal records,

规定房东可以拒绝那些有犯罪记录的申请人，

and people in public housing had the power to evict tenants

如果公共住房的居民接待有犯罪记录的访客，

who allow people with criminal records

其余居民有权对该居民进行驱逐。

who even so much as visited their home.

Overnight, grandmothers were being evicted

一夜之间，祖母们就可以因为让亲人睡在沙发上而遭到驱逐。

for the crime of letting their loved ones sleep on a couch.

This is the supervised society.

这就是受监督的社会。

This is the world that we've made.

这就是我们创造的世界。

I caught up with Jimmy a few months later.

几个月后我和吉米碰面，

I wanted to know how he was doing.

想知道他最近怎么样。

But mostly, I want to know about his relationship with his mother.

但是我最想知道他和他母亲的关系怎么样。

His mother was a fantastic woman.

他母亲很能干，

I talked to her on the phone a couple of times,

我和她通过几次电话，

and I knew she adored Jimmy.

也知道她很爱吉米。

This made sense because Jimmy was her baby.

这很正常，因为吉米是她的孩子，

He was the youngest of her five children

他是五个孩子中最小的，

and the only boy in that house.

而且是唯一的男孩。

She certainly would have helped Jimmy if he turned to her,

如果吉米向她求助，她一定会帮忙，

and she did often.

她也经常这样做。

But Jimmy told me that her landlord started asking questions.

但吉米告诉我他母亲的房东开始颇有微词，

He saw Jimmy making his way around the building

因为他看见吉米在大楼里四处走动，

and he didn't want any trouble.

吉米不想惹麻烦。

Thousands of families have been evicted from their homes

成千上万的家庭成员因为

for the crime of letting a loved one sleep on the couch.

让亲人睡在沙发上而被逐出家门。

Thousands more live under the threat of eviction

还有数千人仅仅因为

for simply allowing someone with a criminal record

接济了有犯罪记录的人几天，

to stay there for a few days.

而面临被驱逐的风险。

Jimmy certainly needed his mother.

毫无疑问，吉米需要他母亲的帮助。

She certainly would have responded to his need.

她肯定也会伸出援助之手。

But he told me, "I don't come around like that no more.

但吉米告诉我，“我不常去走动了，

I don't want to put her in that position."

我不想给她添麻烦。”

Jimmy avoided his mother,

吉米避开了他母亲，

the one person who would have helped him,

他母亲本来会帮他的，

because she wanted to help.

因为她愿意帮忙。

He avoided her to protect her.

吉米选择避开他母亲，以免造成麻烦。

Americans say, "We believe in rehabilitation," it's what we say.

美国人说，“我们相信出狱的人会悔改，”我们的确是这么说的。

How do we explain Jimmy's life?

但是吉米的例子，我们如何解释？

We say we believe in a second chance,

我们说我们相信第二次机会，

but how do we explain this perpetual punishment that lasts a lifetime?

但我们如何解释这种持续一生的永久性惩罚呢？

This is the fact of mass incarceration,

这是大规模监禁的事实，

and it is indeed a fact.

这确实是一个事实。

I know this, I know it from my flesh.

我是从我的血亲身上亲眼目睹。

My brother was incarcerated

我弟弟当时就被监禁了，

while I did the research I'm telling you about today.

正是在我为今天的演讲做研究准备时。

And I could tell you stories about the trouble that he had

我可以给你们讲一些

when he tried to find a job or get an apartment.

他在找工作或公寓时遇到的麻烦。

I could tell you how hard it was for him to find his place in the world,

我可以和各位说说，他的生活有多么艰难，

but I'd rather tell you a different story.

但我更愿意告诉你一个不同的故事。

I'd rather tell you a story about a man who helped us find our way out.

我想讲的是如何有人帮助他这样的人走出了困境。

Ronald Simpson Bay

罗纳德·辛普森·贝当时被误判了50年监禁，但他并未犯罪。

was handed a 50-year sentence for a crime he didn't commit.

He's a remarkable man.

他很了不起，

He fought that case for 27 years,

与该案抗争了27年，

one of the few jailhouse lawyers who managed to get himself out.

是为数不多的几名让自己成功脱身的监狱律师之一。

He helped many people while he was inside,

他还在监狱的时候就帮助了很多人，

he's helped even more today, now that he's home.

如今也还在为他人辩护，现在他早已出狱回家。

He's one of the nation's leading advocates for criminal justice reform.

他是美国刑事司法改革的主要倡导者之一。

But it wasn't always good for Ronald, obviously.

但显然，罗纳德并非是一帆风顺的。

About 10 years into his sentence,

在罗纳德被判刑大约10年后，

Ronald's only son,

他唯一的儿子，

a boy who holds his name,

那个以他名字命名的男孩，

was murdered by a 14-year-old boy.

被一个14岁的男孩杀害。

I don't know what I would have done.

我不知道如果我是罗纳德，我会怎么做。

I can only tell you what Ronald did.

我只能告诉你罗纳德做了什么。

Ronald went to the judge and to the prosecutor,

罗纳德去见了法官和检察官，

and he advocated for that boy,

他为那个男孩辩护，

that he be tried as a juvenile instead of as an adult.

让他作为少年而不是成年人接受审判。

This boy who took so much from him.

这个男孩伤害他如此之深，

He made sure that he would have a second chance at life.

但他却为男孩争取了重生的机会。

"How did you do it, Ronald?"

“你是怎么做到的，罗纳德？”

"Why did you do it, Ronald, I would have hated that child."

“你为什么这么做，罗纳德，我会恨那个孩子的。”

"What were you thinking at the time?"

“你当时在想什么？”

Ronald said to me,

罗纳德对我说：

"I advocated for that boy because it was the right thing to do.

“我帮助那个男孩，因为那是正确的做法。

I thought it would be an example for others

我想这件事可能会给那些

who needed to move on with their life."

想要改过自新的人一些鼓励。”

Ronald did not love his son's murderer, how could he?

罗纳德痛恨杀害了他儿子的凶手，他这么会这样做呢？

But Ronald made an ethical commitment,

但他做出了道德承诺，

and he did with those ethics required.

而且正真践行了社会要求的道德准则。

Ronald practices a radical politics of hospitality.

他实行了一种极度的善意，

One where we make a place in the world

在这种善意之下，我们让那些伤害过我们的人

for people who even cause us harm.

也能在社会上找到容身之地。

And he invites us to practice these politics.

罗纳德邀请我们也和他一样，

Because this politic of hospitality,

因为这种善意和对归属感的坚定承诺

this radical commitment to belonging

will take us so far beyond the politics of fear

将使我们远远超越目前盛行的的恐惧感。

that govern our lives today.

Out of fear

出于恐惧，

we've written 44,000 laws to prevent people from harming us.

我们已经制定了44,000项法律来保护自己，

But the laws that we've written have done the opposite.

但这些法律却起到了相反的作用。

Any criminologists worth their salt will tell you this.

任何称职的犯罪学家都会告诉你这一点。

They'll tell you that unemployment, that family separation,

他们会告诉你失业、家庭分离、住房不稳定，

that housing instability,

that all of these things lead to more crime, not less.

所有这些都会导致更多的犯罪，而不是更少；

They make our world more violent, not less.

让我们的世界变得更加暴力，而不是更安全。

But we do it because it made us feel good,

但我们制定这些法律是因为它让我们感觉良好，

and we did this despite what we know.

尽管我们明知道它们不会有效果，却还是照样执行。

So how do we find our way out?

那么我们该如何找到出路呢？

How do we end this permanent punishment

我们如何终止自己制定的永久性惩罚？

that we've decided to enact?

How do we get out of the supervised society

我们如何摆脱这个受监督的社会？

that we've decided to legislate?

Well, first, we can get to know people with criminal records.

首先，我们可以去了解那些有犯罪记录的人。

The statistics are grim,

统计数据很不乐观，

but it's in these grim statistics that I find hope.

但正是在这些糟糕的统计数据中，我找到了希望。

One in two Americans has a formerly incarcerated loved one.

一半的美国人都有一个曾经被监禁过的亲友。

This means that most of us can start right at home.

这意味着我们大多数人可以从家人开始，

We can get to know the people in our closest circles

从最亲密圈子里的人开始了解这群人，

because if we ask the question, if we try to see,

如果我们去提问，如果我们去观察，

then we'll notice that people are closer to us than we imagined.

那么会发现我们之间的距离比想象中更近。

And we can, of course,

当然，我们可以要求

ask our elected officials to do something different.

那些在职的官员做一些不同的事情。

All politics are local,

所有政治都是地方性的，

and the politics of mass incarceration are hyperlocal.

但大规模监禁的政治都是超地方性的。

Mass incarceration was the result of a thousand policy decisions,

大规模监禁是无数政策决定的结果，

so we can ask more of our judges, our district attorneys,

因此我们可以对法官、地区检察官，

more of the people that we elect to the mayor's and governor's office.

以及我们选举的更多市长和州长办公室成员要求更多。

More to our local politicians who help govern our wards and our cities

更多地向负责管理我们选区、城市

and our towns.

和城镇的当地政客寻求帮助。

We can ask them to help us imagine a new world.

我们可以请他们帮助我们规划一个新世界。

We can even ask this of our employers

我们甚至可以向我们的雇主

and of the people in leadership in our houses of worship.

和我们礼拜教堂的领导层提出这一要求。

They can help us find a new world,

他们可以帮助我们找到一个新世界，

or we can find new people who will.

或者我们可以找到愿意这样做的人。

But above all,

但最重要的是，

Ronald calls us to practice this radical politics of hospitality.

罗纳德呼吁我们实践这种极度的善意。

And this is what I think is the real measure of our ethics.

我认为这才是衡量我们道德的真正标准。

It's what did you do when things are hard.

哪怕是处境困难也该这样做。

It's easy to love the lovable.

爱可爱的人很容易，

But Ronald calls to us to practice a politic of hospitality,

但是罗纳德呼吁我们秉持友善，

to make a world where we can imagine a place for everyone so that all belong.

去创造一个更加包容的世界，

And he asked us to imagine this world, even for people who've caused harm.

对这个世界保持期待，即使是那些做过错事人的人也该如此。

And he asked us to imagine it,

对这个世界保持期待，

even for people who've harmed us.

即使是那些做过错事人的人也该如此。

And from there, I take great hope.

从那以后，我满怀希望。

Thank you.

谢谢大家！

(Applause)

（掌声）