The Sustainable Brilliance of Indigenous Design | Manu Peni | TED

33,646 views ・ 2023-01-31

TED


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翻译人员: shi hang 校对人员: Yanyan Hong
00:04
I come from one of the most beautiful places in the world,
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我来自这个世界上最美丽的地方之一,
00:08
Papua New Guinea.
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巴布亚新几内亚。
00:10
Papua New Guinea is wonderful for many reasons.
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巴布亚新几内亚有很多美妙之处。
00:13
Our lush vegetation, our seas,
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我们茂盛的植被、我们的海洋、
00:17
islands, lakes and forests.
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岛屿、湖泊和森林。
00:20
Also, our unique and remarkable cultural diversity.
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此外,我们独特而卓越的文化多样性。
00:25
Not to forget our people.
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别忘了我们的人民。
00:28
And also, not to mention our climate.
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还有,更不要忘记我们的气候。
00:31
It's basically 27 degrees Celsius,
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每天全年基本上都是
00:34
or 80 degrees Fahrenheit,
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摄氏27度或华氏80度左右。
00:37
every day, all year.
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00:40
We get enough rain, but not too much rain.
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我们的雨水充沛,但不会过多。
00:42
We get enough sun, but not too much sun.
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我们的阳光充足,但也不会过度。
00:45
And if you were to live there,
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如果你住在那里,
00:47
you don't necessarily have to turn your heater on in the winter,
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你不一定需要在冬天打开暖气,
00:52
or you don't have to turn your air conditioning on in the summer.
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也不需要在夏天开空调。
00:56
So I grew up in this paradise
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所以我在这么一个天堂里长大,
00:59
until I had to leave home
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直到我不得不离开家去获得现代教育,
01:03
to attain a modern education away from my home.
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远离我的家乡。
01:07
After some years, I returned home
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多年以后,我回到家乡
01:12
to be with my people.
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01:14
I returned home
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我回到家乡,主要的原因是
01:16
importantly, to be with my people
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01:19
to resist against a mining company that was proposing to extract minerals
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为了与我的族人一起抵制 一家采矿公司的提议,
01:24
in the Frieda River,
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在弗里达河开采矿物, 这是塞皮克河的一条重要支流,
01:26
which is a major tributary to the Sepik River,
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01:30
which is the longest river in Papua New Guinea.
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塞皮克河是巴布亚新几内亚最长的河流。
01:35
The Sepik River is the lifeblood
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塞皮克河是我们的生命之源, 也是我们的文化遗产。
01:38
and is our heritage.
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01:40
The people living around the area are called Sepik.
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生活在这一地区周围的人 才会被称为塞皮克人。
01:44
Interestingly,
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有趣的是,我们的身份和存在
01:46
that is our identity
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01:48
and our existence are intertwined
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与这条悠闲的水域、
01:53
with this unhurried body of water,
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这条蜿蜒的河流密不可分。
01:56
this winding river.
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01:58
The Sepik is one of the last remaining
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塞皮克河是南太平洋地区最后剩余的完整
02:04
intact and pristine freshwater ecosystems in the South Pacific region.
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而原始的淡水生态系统之一。
02:12
It is a living memory of my ancestors
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它是我祖先中活着的记忆,
02:16
who arrived on that island 50,000 years ago.
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他们在5万年前来到了那个岛屿。
02:21
Or more than that.
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可能比这更久远。
02:24
We are the Indigenous guardians of that river,
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我们是那条河流的土著守护者,
02:28
and so it is our calling to protect it from harm
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因此,保护它免受伤害是我们的使命,
02:34
for our children
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为了我们还未来到 这个世界的孩子们的未来。
02:35
who are yet to arrive from the future.
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02:39
I went home to be with my people to protect our livelihood
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我回家是为了和我的族人在一起, 保护我们的生计和文化遗产。
02:43
and our heritage.
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02:45
But here's where the plot twists.
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但这里有一个转折。
02:48
When I returned home,
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当我回家时,我做的第一件事 就是想要建造一座房子。
02:49
the first thing I did was I wanted to build myself a house.
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02:52
People in the villages understood that I was away from home
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村里的人们知道我离家已经很长时间了,
02:55
for a long time,
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02:56
so they advised me to build a house that was made of traditional materials,
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所以他们建议我建一座由传统材料制成、
03:02
using traditional knowledge and skills.
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使用传统知识和技能的房子。
03:05
Many of the houses in my village
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我村庄的许多房子
03:09
still have roof made of thatched sago leaves
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仍然使用椰子叶编成的草屋顶,
03:13
held together by cane vines
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由藤蔓和其他来自附近森林的
03:17
and other renewable resources from the nearby forest.
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可再生资源组成。
03:21
The designs continue to change over time
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这些设计会因为气候变化 而随着时间而改变,
03:24
because of climate change,
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03:27
but I didn’t listen to them.
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但我没有听取他们的建议。
03:29
You see, I went to a modern school.
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如你所见,我上过现代学校。
03:31
I know more and I know better.
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我学到更多,认为自己更加聪明。
03:33
So I built my house on high steel posts,
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高高的钢柱上,铁皮屋顶,
03:38
iron roofing and all modern materials.
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使用所有现代材料建造了我的房子。
03:42
When my house was finished, they came and told me,
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当我的房子建好时, 他们告诉我,
03:44
"You are wrong."
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“你错了。”
03:45
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
03:47
And funny enough, they were right.
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有趣的是,他们是对的。
03:49
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
03:51
So in 2021, we had unusually strong winds,
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所以在2021年, 我们遭遇了异常强风,
03:55
and my house got blown over,
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我的房子被吹倒倾向一侧。
03:57
so it tilted sideways.
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03:58
And I lost some roof.
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我失去了一部分屋顶。
04:00
Most of the houses in the village only experienced mild effects
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大多数村里的房子只经历了 这场风的轻微影响。
04:04
of this wind.
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04:06
I was really angry I didn't listen to them.
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我对我没有听取他们的建议 非常的生气。
04:08
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
04:10
So here I was,
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所以我在这里,我必须花更多的 钱和更多的技术
04:11
I have to spend more money and more technology
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04:13
to get my house back on its post.
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把我的房子重新架起来。
04:16
In the same year, at the end of the year,
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在同一年的年底,
04:18
I went for a longer holiday from the town I worked in
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我休了一个更长的假期, 离开了我工作的城镇,
04:21
to stay in this house that I built.
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去住在我建的这所房子里。
04:24
During the day, I found it hard to breathe
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在白天,由于炎热和潮湿, 我发现呼吸变的很困难。
04:26
because of the heat and the humidity.
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04:29
So I found myself spending more time at my cousin's place
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因此,我发现自己花更多 时间在我的表兄弟家,
04:33
whose house was built using traditionally designed materials
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他的房子是用当地森林里采集的
04:38
collected from the nearby forest.
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传统设计材料建造的。
04:41
So it had better ventilation, it was cooler,
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因此,它有更好的通风,更凉爽,
04:45
it was sturdier during the wind,
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在刮风时更坚固,
04:47
and it allowed the sound and the smell from the river, the lake and the forest
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并允许来自河流、 湖泊和森林的声音和气味通过。
04:52
to go through.
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04:53
It was really pleasant.
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这非常的令人愉悦。
04:56
The thing is,
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问题是,我对可持续发展的内在了解
04:57
what I know deep down about sustainable development
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05:01
and about the deep wisdom of my ancestors,
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以及我祖先的深刻智慧并没有让 我的头脑将此联系起来。
05:05
didn't connect with my head.
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05:08
I was doing what most of us do.
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我只是在做大多数人所做的事情。
05:10
We get educated in the modern world, modern education,
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我们在现代世界接受教育,现代教育,
05:14
and we think that, for example,
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因此我们的认知,例如,
05:17
climate change can only be solved by science and technology,
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气候变化只能通过科学和技术来解决,
05:23
or at least science and technology alone.
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或者至少仅仅依靠科学和技术。
05:25
Think about it.
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就这么想。
05:26
The world thrived for centuries
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世界在数个世纪内繁荣发展, 直到伐木、采矿和其他提取性的破坏性发展
05:30
until logging, mining and other extractive
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05:33
and destructive development
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从地球上掠夺资源。
05:36
ripped resources from the earth.
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05:40
And here we are,
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现在我们在这里,寻求那些曾经参与
05:42
looking at experts who advised on that
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05:45
to advise to us about the solutions for climate change.
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建议这些发展的专家们,向我们提供 应对气候变化的解决方案。
05:51
Maybe we need to rethink about the definition of experts.
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也许我们需要重新思考专家的定义。
05:56
Maybe the experts are the Indigenous people
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也许那些生活在这片土地上并且保护地球、
05:59
who've lived lifetimes and centuries and have protected the earth
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帮助治愈和拯救它的土著人民, 才是真正的专家,
06:04
and who can help heal and save it now.
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因为他们已经度过了几世纪的生命历程。
06:08
(Applause)
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(掌声)
06:15
So I learned the value of my Indigenous knowledge and traditions the hard way.
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因此,我通过艰苦的方式学习到了 我作为土著人的知识和传统的价值。
06:21
And I'm not just talking about building, constructing my house, for example.
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我不仅仅是在谈论建造、 修建我的房子,例如。
06:27
We have practices we're beginning to understand
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我们有一些实践,我们正在开始理解,
06:31
that are beneficial to the environment.
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这些实践对环境有益。
06:34
For instance,
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例如,在我的社区里, 我们有一些神圣的地方,人们被禁止进入。
06:35
in my community, we have sacred places which people are prohibited to go to.
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06:41
Scientists are beginning to find out that these are essential breeding grounds
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科学家们正在开始发现, 这些地方是重要的繁殖场所,
06:45
for vital plants and animals.
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有助于维持关键的植物和动物种群。
06:48
We have practices which prohibit certain groups of people
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我们有一些规定,禁止特定群体
06:51
to harvest certain plants and animals at certain times.
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在特定时间采摘某些植物和动物。
06:55
Scientists are beginning to understand that this was our ancient way,
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科学家们开始理解, 这是我们古老的方式,
07:00
which supported the idea of managing sustainably
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支持可持续管理和可持续资源开采的理念。
07:04
and harvesting resources sustainably.
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07:08
We're also beginning to see
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我们也开始看到, 在我们所生活的世界中,
07:10
that, in our world, where we live,
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07:13
there is an emphasis on kinship,
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强调血缘、关系和社会资本,
07:15
relationship and social capital
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07:17
which underpins an equitable
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这构成了一个公平和联系紧密的 经济和社会。
07:21
and connected economy and society.
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07:25
Which is also the currency which my people still use today.
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这也是我的民族至今仍在用的货币形式。
07:32
We have spiritual practices which understand all of this
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我们有一些灵性实践, 理解这一切,
07:37
and echoes the connectivity of all this life.
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并回响着所有生命的相互联系。
07:43
I don't want to stand here
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我并不想在这里浪漫化我的文化实践。
07:44
and romanticize about my cultural practices.
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07:48
I want to also acknowledge
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我只是想承认, 我们拥有一些非常出色的世界奇迹,
07:49
that we’ve got remarkable wonders of this world created,
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07:53
for example, wheel, medicine and internet
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例如轮子、医学和互联网等许多发明,
07:56
and many more inventions,
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07:58
that have affected positively some aspects of our lives.
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这些对我们生活的某些方面产生了 积极的影响。
08:03
However, I still want to believe
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然而,我仍然相信,基于像亲属关系、
08:06
that my Papua New Guinean cultural traditions
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08:09
and the Pacific’s Melanesian greater worldview,
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人际关系和所有生命和非生命形式的 联系这样的价值观,
08:15
based on values such as kinship, relationships,
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我的巴布亚新几内亚文化传统和
08:19
and connectedness of all life and non-life forms,
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太平洋的美拉尼西亚更大的世界观,
08:25
could be elevated for solutions for humanity
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可以为人类和地球繁荣的 解决方案做出贡献。
08:28
and for the planet to thrive.
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08:31
I feel that many cultures and communities around the world
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我感觉世界上许多文化和社区
08:34
are in such a hurry to alienate themselves from the nature
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都急于将自己与自然隔离开来,
08:39
and treat everything as fragmented bits and pieces
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并把一切视为可以 或不可以交易的零散碎片。
08:43
that can or cannot be traded.
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08:47
While many Indigenous communities
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但是许多土著社区继续认为这个世界
08:49
continue to hold and acknowledge the world
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08:52
as the complex web of connections
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是复杂的连接网络,
08:55
in which humans, us, are only a mere part of.
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而人类只是其中一部分。
09:01
We in Papua New Guinea, for example, continue to honor
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我们在巴布亚新几内亚, 例如,继续以不同形式在
09:04
and acknowledge our ancestors in our present day, in different forms,
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现今生活中尊敬和认可我们的祖先,
09:09
and we want to remain as the best guardians
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并且我们希望继续成为我们世界、
09:13
for our world, for other people,
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其他人和尚未来临的子孙们
09:17
and our children
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最好的守护者。
09:18
who are yet to arrive from future.
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09:22
We make these decisions
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我们做出这些决定
09:24
because we want to protect our resources in another form,
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是因为我们想保护 我们的资源以另一种方式,
09:30
in their natural state,
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以其自然状态, 这样它就可以维持并帮助我们。
09:33
so that it can sustain and help us.
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09:38
We make this decision because this is who we are,
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我们做出这个决定, 是因为这是我们的身份,
09:41
because this has always been the way we lived.
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因为这一直是我们生活的方式。
09:45
So it would be against our traditions, which I've talked about,
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所以,根据我们的传统,
09:49
for a company or a business
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一家公司或企业进来,
09:50
to come in and rip all the resources out.
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将所有资源砍伐殆尽, 是违背我们的传统的。
09:53
We keep them in the ground
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我们将它们留在地下, 以便每个人都能从中受益和繁荣。
09:54
so that everyone benefits and thrives.
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09:59
These traditions that we have and these philosophies
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这些传统和哲学已经 引领我们进行了五万年的
10:02
have guided us for 50,000 years
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10:06
of sustainable development
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可持续发展,
10:08
and will help us in the wind of change.
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将帮助我们应对变革的风向。
10:11
So here's my request to you.
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所以这是我给你的一个请求。
10:14
Stop thinking of us as underdeveloped,
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停止将我们视为 不发达、未受教育、未开化的。
10:18
uneducated, uncivilized.
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10:21
And stop insulting our home,
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请不要侮辱我们的家园,
10:26
which are the rivers, the forests and the lakes,
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包括河流、森林和湖泊,
10:29
by saying, “these are also underdeveloped and underutilized.”
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称其为“未开发和未充分利用的”。
10:34
In fact, our forests, for example,
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事实上,我们的森林是这个世界上最复杂
10:38
are the most sophisticated,
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10:41
efficient and effective carbon storage facility in the world,
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高效和有效的碳储存设施,
10:44
in which no amount of science and technology can beat.
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没有任何科学和技术能够超越。
10:48
And our ... cultural traditions are so sophisticated,
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我们的文化传统非常复杂,
10:53
we've been able to use these to protect our forests
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我们能够利用它们来保护 我们的森林和资源。
10:57
and our resources.
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11:00
In fact, it's rampant consumerism, greed, imperialism,
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实际上,猖獗的消费主义、 贪婪、帝国主义,
11:04
often your way of seeing the world and seeing us,
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以及你看待世界和我们的方式, 伤害了地球。
11:07
that has hurt the planet.
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11:09
Stop doing what I did,
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请停止像我一样做事,
11:11
stop thinking that the modern way of building our future
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停止认为现代建筑是 创造未来的最佳方式。
11:16
is the best.
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11:19
It probably is a problem too.
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可以说这也是一个问题。
11:22
Communities closest to the climate crisis
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处于气候危机最近的社区
11:27
are also communities closest to some solutions.
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也是离一些解决方案最接近的社区。
11:32
Learn from us.
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向我们学习。尝试理解、
11:34
Try to understand,
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11:36
respect and heed Indigenous guardianship.
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尊重并遵循土著守护的方式。
11:39
Or else, like me,
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否则,就像我一样, 下一个强风将把我们全部吹倒。
11:43
the next great wind will blow us all over.
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11:46
Thank you.
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感谢大家。
11:47
(Cheers and applause)
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(欢呼与掌声)
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