Climate Action Needs New Frontline Leadership | Ozawa Bineshi Albert | TED

翻译人员: Laixi Kang 校对人员: Yan Li Xiao

Yuchi: F’as@^.

（Yuchi语）

English: Good afternoon.

下午好。

I come from the Yuchi and Anishinaabe nations.

我来自 Yuchi 和 Anishinaabe 部落。

My home is in Oklahoma.

我的家在俄克拉荷马州。

I have been a community organizer for Indigenous rights,

我作为一名社区干事 声援原住民权利，

environmental justice and climate justice

环境正义与气候公正

for more than 30 years.

已经有超过三十年了。

I don't believe that I'm old enough to do anything for that long,

以我的年龄竟然能在一个行业 做这么久，我也很惊讶，

but here I am.

可是我做到了。

(Applause)

（掌声）

I'm an Indigenous woman who lives in the heart of oil and gas country.

我是一名原住民女性，居住 在石油燃气产业的中心地带。

And what that means for me is that I am in a constant state

这意味着我时时刻刻

of thinking about the environment and climate change.

都在对环境和气候变化进行思索。

And so I want to share a few things that I know

在这里我想分享几件

and have learned along the way in my work.

我在我的工作中所学习到的事。

One is,

第一，

we cannot rely on those who created the problem to fix it.

我们不能指望造成 问题的人去解决问题。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Two, we need to move with an urgency that is not happening now.

第二，我们需要紧急行动起来， 而这种紧迫性当下并没有体现。

And three,

第三，

we need leaders who are experiencing the harm

我们需要正在受到危害的人作为领导

to be the ones coming up with the solutions.

来提出解决方法。

So it is clear that world leaders are looking for solutions

的确，世界领袖正在寻找 解决气候危机的方案，

to this climate crisis,

but they are looking for them through a lens of the economy.

但他们是带着经济的 出发点去寻找的。

And so that means they are moving with a casualness

所以他们漫不经心，悠然自得，

that doesn't make it seem like there's a real emergency.

好像这并不是一场真实的危机。

And they’re also being sold, then, solutions that are basically band-aids

同时，他们被推销了很多

治标不治本的解决办法。

and not actual cures to the problem.

They're being sold techno fixes and market schemes

他们被推销了技术 措施以及市场方案，

that really maintain business as usual.

而这些方案不过是 维护惯例，一切照旧。

And instead,

相反，我们应该思考的 是什么可以有所改变。

we need to be thinking about what could be different.

So I was recently at the United Nations Conference on Climate Change, COP26,

最近我参与了联合国气候变化大会 第二十六次缔约方会议，

that just happened in Glasgow, Scotland, just this past month.

这个会议上个月在 苏格兰格拉斯哥举行。

And it was apparent to me

我明显感受到

that those who created the agenda are also part of the problem.

那些设立议程的人自身 便是问题的一部分。

First of all,

首先，

they created an admittance policy that was really a policy of exclusion

他们制订的入场政策 实际带有排斥性，

for many grassroots communities across the world

将全球，尤其是南半球的 许多基层社区排斥在外。

and especially those of the global south.

That policy also ensured

同时，该政策还确保会议上

that the largest badge delegation at COP were fossil fuel lobbyists.

最大代表团由化石燃料说客组成。

Can you believe that?

你能相信吗？

Actually, I can,

我还真能，

because this has been sort of the norm at COP since its beginning.

毕竟从一开始这便是 气候峰会的常态。

Which is why we need a shift

这就是为什么我们需要更迭

in who are the leaders that they're listening to.

他们所听取的领袖，

And the shift in leadership are coming up with the solutions.

需要更迭做出决策的领袖。

We need the knowledge and expertise of those at the frontline.

我们需要来自一线的 知识储备和专业技能。

And by frontline

所谓一线，

I mean, those communities and peoples who are experiencing climate change today

我指的是当下正在 经受气候变化的群体，

and some who have been experiencing the harmful effects of climate change

其中一些群体经受气候变化 带来的危害已经有数十年了。

for decades now.

Those are the frontline leaders

这样的一线领袖，他们的专业 知识是我们需要看向的。

that we need to be looking to for their expertise.

So I want you to imagine with me,

我邀请大家和我一起想象，

if at that negotiating table at COP,

如果在气候峰会的谈判桌上，

if those who were dealing with the actual harms today

那些正在经受实际危害的人们

were in that room and negotiating the solutions.

能在会议室里协商解决方案。

What if the people who have been living sustainable lifestyles

那些长久以来一直拥有着 可持续发展的生活方式，

and in relationship with the land

维护着和土地的关系的人们，

had been some of those folks in the room making those decisions?

要是他们也是会议室中的决策者呢？

What would it have been like

如果基层领袖被允许 踊跃参加这类谈判的话

if grassroots leaders had been given significant participation

in those negotiations?

会怎么样呢？

What would be different?

局势会有什么不同？

Well, first off,

首先，

this global climate conference would not have led with net-zero

这次全球气候大会就 不会将“净零排放”

as the solution to this climate crisis we're in.

作为当下气候危机的解决方案了。

Net-zero -- not actually eliminating greenhouse gas emissions --

所谓“净零”，并非真正 消除温室气体排放，

but net-zero being a sort of greenwashing of business as usual.

而不过是现状的一种“漂绿”。

It basically means that you can wash your hands of pollution

这不过意味着单个群体 可以推脱污染的责任，

in one community

if you can afford to participate in a few offset programs.

前提是你负担得起碳补偿计划。

So, for example,

举例来说，

you can invest in the continued existence of a forest in South America,

你可以投资保护南美洲某片森林

of Indigenous peoples in their lands that should capture carbon.

或是某片能够捕获碳的原住民土地。

What it means then, you are, in theory,

这意味着，理论上，

obligated from the harm that you've caused a pollution

你自己免受污染的伤害， 而将你所创造的污染

at a facility in another low-income community --

排放到另一个低收入的群体中。

and very likely community of color -- in another part of the world.

这个群体很有可能是有色人种， 生活中地球的另一边。

That's just wrong.

这是绝对错误的。

And it just doesn't work.

同时也不会凑效。

I mean, I know people, real people,

我是说，我认识真实存在的人——

I know their names and their families on both ends of the spectrum,

我知道他们的名字， 认识他们的家人——

生活在这个“净零”谱线两端的人。

of the net-zero spectrum.

I know people who live at the fence line of harmful oil refineries

我认识住在有害炼油厂围栏边的人，

who are polluting their communities,

这些炼油厂污染着他们的社区；

and I know the Indigenous people who are farming the forests in Brazil.

我也认识在巴西森林里 经营农耕的原住民。

And neither of those communities are benefiting from these programs

这两个社区都不会从 这些碳补偿计划中获益。

in ways that are building empowerment for their communities

这些项目不会赋予他们权能，

and building sustainability for their communities,

不会助他们打造可持续能力；

and they're often pressured into these programs

而他们的参与常常是迫于压力，

with little or no choice.

他们自己几乎没得选。

So I want to try to explain net-zero a little bit differently

现在我想换一个方式解释“净零”，

in a way that might be a little more tangible.

一个更加具体有形的方式。

If you think about it as, kind of, like the net part of your paycheck.

你可以把它想象成净薪资。

You get a job, you negotiate a pay

你被新工作录取，协商好了工资，

and you feel really excited about that.

这让你感到非常兴奋。

But on that first day, that first payday,

然而在第一次领薪水的那一天，

you feel the crunch of it's a lot less than you thought it was going to be.

你却倍感压力地发现净薪资 比你想象的要低许多。

And it's the same with the net-zero emission targets, right?

净零排放目标难道不是一个道理吗？

It sounds good on the front end,

表面上听起来很不错，

but when it all comes out in the wash,

但是说到底它终究 大大低于我们的需求，

it's much less than what we need to have happen

to impact real significant change right now.

不会造成真正重大的改变。

So what we need is a shift in leadership.

所以我们需要的是领导层面的更迭。

We need leaders who are moving with the urgency

我们所需的领袖要采取紧急措施，

that people are feeling harm and hurt today.

因为他们知道人们正在受到危害。

And we need leaders who are moving with the values about community

我们需要的领袖在行动上 需要顺应社区的价值观，

and about the land and the relationship with land.

以及社区与土地的关系。

Those are the kind of leaders that we need to have leading with the solutions

这才是我们需要的领袖，

在全球层面上领导解决 这个问题的方案和谈判。

and the negotiations of addressing this problem on a worldwide level.

So that kind of leadership,

这样的领导者——

if we just shifted those two things about urgency and values,

只要加强紧迫性，改变价值观——

that would help all of us worldwide.

对于全世界所有人都将会有帮助。

Because what we need is a set of leadership

因为我们所需的领袖

that is going to do the work that we need to have done,

会落实该做的工作，

which is to move away from dirty, extractive, harmful energy

即远离肮脏的、榨取式的有害能源，

to solutions that are local, community-based, community-held,

转向本土的、以社区为基础，

由社区持有的再生能源模型。

regenerative energy models.

And they exist.

而这样的领袖是存在的。

They exist in communities where people are saying,

他们存在于一个个社区中， 这些社区的人们说，

"Hey, if the government is not going to help us,

“如果政府无法帮助我们，

we’re going to do what we need to do right now.”

那我们就自己落实要做的工作。”

于是他们在他们自己的 社区中实行这些项目。

And they are doing these projects in their communities.

So instead of investing in a carbon capture project

所以不再投资力图将碳污染

that aims to put carbon pollution into the ground,

压缩到地下的碳捕捉计划——

a technology that's not been proven to really work

这项技术的有效程度 并未被真正证实，

and still puts communities at harm

同时还会把社区置于危害中，

because it relies on the continued existence and construction

因为它需要持续建造 和维护输油管道，

of harmful pipelines that are dangerous,

这些管道危险有害，容易 泄漏，甚至可能引发爆炸。

prone to leaks and even explosions sometimes.

And so --

所以——

But these community projects are happening and they're having success,

而这些社区项目正在发生着， 也正在取得成功，

and I want to share a few with you.

在这里我想和大家分享几个。

So in Richmond, California --

在加州里士满——

between two cities

在两座城市之间，

and next to a major Chevron oil refinery

毗邻一座大型雪佛龙炼油厂，

that is spewing out greenhouse gases

这家炼油厂源源不断地 产出温室气体和有害物质，

and other toxic chemicals into the neighborhood --

并排入附近的社区。

community leaders worked with community organizations

在这里，社区领导 同一些社区组织合作，

like Asian Pacific Environmental Network,

像是亚太环保网络，

Rich City Rides, Urban Tilth

RIch City Rides，Urban Tilth，

and Communities for a Better Environment.

和 Communities for a Better Environment。

And they took on Chevron to hold them accountable and won.

他们携手应对雪佛龙， 追究责任并获得了胜利。

And won resources to build a solar farm in their community.

他们赢得了在社区中建立 太阳能农场的资源。

They also built a bike co-op

同时他们建立了共享单车项目

to encourage young people and others to bike in the city

以鼓励人们在城区里骑自行车，

and built community gardens

还修建了社区花园，

to grow healthy organic food for themselves and schools.

为居民和学校种植健康的有机食品。

(Applause)

（掌声）

In rural Kentucky, a community,

在肯塔基州乡郊，一个农村社区

a rural community who has long relied on coal to fuel their community,

长期以来一直依赖煤炭作为燃料。

they've been organizing with Kentuckians for the Commonwealth

他们和 Kentuckians for the Commonwealth 组织筹划，

and also created a solar project

并创建了一个太阳能项目。

that is helping low-income families reduce their utility costs

该项目帮助低收入家庭降低水电费，

and created thousands of jobs.

同时创造了数千个工作岗位。

In the Four Corners area of Arizona, Native Renewables,

在亚利桑那州的四角落地区，

一个由女性领导的纳瓦霍霍皮组织 “Native Renewables”

a woman-led Navajo Hopi organization

is providing electricity from solar to off-grid homes.

正在为离网家庭提供太阳能电力。

A community that has long been harmed

一个长期受到化石燃料 开采破坏性影响的社区

by the devastating effects of fossil fuel extraction,

is now able to rely on an energy source that is clean and Indigenous-led.

如今得以依靠原住民 主导的清洁能源。

(Applause)

（掌声）

After hurricane Maria devastated the islands of Puerto Rico,

在飓风玛丽亚摧毁 波多黎各群岛之后，

Organización Boricuá worked with local farmers

Organización Boricuá 与当地农民合作，

to provide direct and immediate support to those communities

向社区提供直接、及时的帮助，

by providing water, shelter,

包括提供水，住所，

health, food,

医疗和食品，

the weekly agro ecological brigades and solidarity brigades,

以及周度农业生态支队和团结支队。

and they rebuilt homes and rebuilt farming infrastructure

同时重建了家园和农业基础设施

to make sure that they maintained food sovereignty.

以保证他们的食物主权。

In Brooklyn, New York,

在纽约布鲁克林，

in a highly industrial neighborhood of Sunset Park,

在日落公园的一个高度 工业化的社区附近，

the community organization UPROSE

社区组织 UPROSE 协助领导了

helped lead an effort to create a solar farm,

建立太阳能农场的工作，

a first community solar co-op in the state of New York.

这是纽约州内的第一个 社区太阳能合作社。

It is an 80,000 square foot rooftop solar garden

这个面积八万平方英尺的 屋顶太阳能花园

that again is providing affordable energy to the neighborhood

正在向该社区和小型企业 提供价格低廉的能源。

and to small businesses as well.

The fight against the Line 3 pipeline in Minnesota and other states

在明尼苏达和其它一些州， 对 3 号线油砂管道的反抗

has highlighted the amount of water that those types of projects have used.

展现了此类项目所需水量大，

And it's caused a threat to the natural wild rice

对生长在当地湖泊中的 野生稻造成了威胁。

that grows in the lakes there.

And so community people have worked to hold state

于是，社区的人们致力

and federal agencies accountable for water standards

追究政府和联邦机构 在用水标准上的责任，

in order to protect their cultural preservation

以保护他们的文化遗产和野生稻。

and the wild rice.

And in New Jersey, Ironbound Community Corporation,

而在新泽西州， Ironbound 社区公社

along with the New Jersey Environmental Justice Alliance,

与新泽西环境正义联盟一起

has helped push legislation

帮助推动了立法，

that has enabled the state to deny permits,

允许政府机构拒绝在

已经负担过重、污染 过重的社区发放新执照。

any new permits, to already overburdened, overpolluted neighborhoods.

And it's set a standard for other states to use,

这为其它州设定了一个标准，

which has become a historic environmental justice legislation for the country.

并成为了整个国家 历史性的环境正义立法。

These are the kinds of solutions that we need to see happen.

这才是我们需要见证的解决方案。

These are the kind of leadership that we need to see happen,

这才是我们需要见证的领导，

and we need these solutions happening by the thousands nationwide

而我们需要见证成千上万个 这样的解决方案

发生在全国甚至全球范围内。

and even globally.

Because these solutions are not only attacking

因为这些解决方案不仅 从源头上打击污染排放，

the emissions at their source,

but they're doing it by providing jobs

并且在此过程中提供了 工作岗位和薪水，

and wages and policies

以及应对种族主义、殖民主义 和经济不平等的政策。

that are addressing racism and colonialism and economic inequity.

This is the kind of leadership we need.

这是我们需要的领导。

We need this dramatic shift to help us all.

我们需要这一重大更迭来造福大家。

This dramatic shift in leadership.

这领导层面的重大改变

Just these two things:

仅仅在这两个方面：

The urgency in which we move

行动的紧迫性，

and the values on which we move with.

以及主导行动的价值观。

My grandmothers taught me that we need to have care,

我的祖母告诉我，对于我们的社区，

我们需要关怀，责任感和行动力。

responsibility and action when it comes to our community.

And those are the kind of leaders that we need leading this fight.

而我们正需要这样的领袖 领导这场抗争。

And if we are going to be serious about addressing this climate crisis,

而如果我们要严肃对待 这场气候危机的话，

here are the steps that I need people to do.

我希望人们可以做到以下几步。

I need you to bring frontline leaders into those negotiating spaces.

我要你们带这些一线 领袖进入谈判场地。

Bring them in.

邀请他们进去。

Ask them what's happening and the harms that are happening.

询问他们当下的状况， 有什么损害正在发生。

Ask them what needs to be done.

询问他们需要做些什么。

And listen, hear them.

同时倾听他们。

And then invest and implement in exactly what they said

然后投资实行他们所说的措施，

in the exact ways they said to do it,

严格遵照他们所说的方式，

because those changes are the changes

因为这样的改变才能 消解我们的难题，

that are going to stop the problems that we're having

and then stop the acceleration of the climate crisis.

并且减缓气候危机的加剧。

And it's going to help slow down the violence of the storms

这些改变会缓解肆虐的风暴，

and the sicknesses that people are dealing with,

以及人们所要应对的 哮喘及其它病痛。

with conditions like asthma and others.

And it's going to stop, you know,

这些改变也会停止 持续的干旱和野火。

the continued drought and wildfires.

Those are the solutions that we need to have happen.

这是我们需要落实的解决方案。

And I need you all to help carry,

我需要你们大家都来分担，

not only the ask to shift that for our communities,

不仅是我们社区对于改变的需求，

but also those values.

同时还有价值观。

So I ask you, I invite you to join me in this,

所以我邀请大家和我携手，

and I challenge you to go out

同时我敦促大家

and challenge our elected leaders and others.

去挑战我们票选出的领导者们。

And if they're not doing the right job,

如果他们做得不好不对的话，

then tell them who the leaders are that need to be there.

那就告诉他们哪些领袖需要在场。

We need frontline leaders to be in the spaces.

我们需要一线领袖在场。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）