The Missing Piece of the Clean Energy Transition | Sheila Ngozi Oparaocha | TED

翻译人员: Jinghan Zhang 校对人员: Sue Lu

Today, I'm honored to introduce you to Randa.

今天，我很荣幸向大家介绍朗达。

Randa is a remarkable woman

朗达是一位了不起的女性，

that I have had the privilege of getting to know.

我有幸结识了她。

Randa is from Tambacounda, which is a rural town in Senegal.

朗达来自坦巴昆达， 位于塞内加尔的一个乡村小镇。

Like me, Randa is a mother and has also been raised on a farm.

和我一样，朗达是一位母亲， 她也是在农场长大的。

Unlike me, and I suspect unlike all of you,

但她又和我不同，我猜 可能和你们所有人都不同，

Randa does not take her energy supply for granted.

朗达并不认为自己的能源 供应是理所当然的。

When Randa comes home after a hard day's work,

当朗达在辛苦工作一天后回到家，

she does not have the luxury of flipping a switch

她没有奢侈的条件随意拨动开关

to turn the lights on in her house.

来打开家里的灯。

The stove that Randa uses to cook meals for her family

朗达用来为家人做饭的炉子

has not been seamlessly integrated into the design of her kitchen.

并不是简洁精妙的厨房内嵌式设计。

Instead, Randa spends up to 10 hours every week

相反，朗达每周要花费多达10个小时

collecting firewood

收集柴火，

just to meet the basic needs of her family.

以满足家庭的基本需要。

When Randa and I were sharing stories about our children,

有一次我和朗达聊天， 分享有关我们孩子的故事，

I was disheartened to hear from her

我非常沮丧地听她说，

that the clinic at which she delivered her four daughters and her two sons

她生下四个女儿和两个儿子的诊所

had no electricity.

根本没有电。

And the midwife that attended to her

照顾她的助产士

had to use a kerosene lamp during her deliveries.

在她分娩时必须使用煤油灯照明。

Now, sadly, Randa's story is not unique.

可悲的是，朗达的故事并非个例。

Randa's story mirrors the struggles

朗达的故事反映了全球

of 2.4 billion people worldwide

24 亿人所处的困境，

that are deprived of access to electricity and to clean cooking fuels.

他们被剥夺用电和清洁烹饪燃料的权利。

This is what we refer to as "energy poverty."

这就是我们所说的 “能源贫困”。

Energy poverty results in the deaths of 3.2 million people

能源贫困导致每年三千二百万人

every single year

死于

due to diseases caused by exposure to indoor air pollution

室内空气污染导致的疾病，

that disproportionately impacts women and children.

这些疾病对妇女儿童的影响尤其严重。

Now what is also tragic

同样可悲的是，

is that after my 23 years of engagement

我 23 年来都在参与

in intergovernmental processes at the United Nations,

联合国政府之间的进程，

I continue to battle with the fact that when we are not in the room,

至今我却仍在与这个事实作斗争， 当我们不在场时，

the harsh realities of women's energy poverty

妇女能源贫困的严酷现实，

are simply not prioritized to the extent that they should be

就不会得到应有的重视，

in the global political dialogue

尤其是在全球政治对话中

on sustainable development and on climate change.

关于可持续发展和气候变化方面。

The mainstream narrative

主流观点

envisions a transition to net zero carbon emissions by 2050,

设想至 2050 年 全球过渡到净零碳排放，

largely driven by the deployment of large-scale renewable energy.

这主要是由大规模 可再生能源的部署推动的。

This assumes that people already have access to energy

这就假设人们已经可以获得能源，

and simply need to shift to cleaner and more sustainable alternatives.

只需要转向更清洁、 更可持续的替代能源。

What it fails to acknowledge

但它忽略的是，

is that one in every three individuals on our planet

地球上 每三个人中就有一人

do not have access to any form of modern energy.

无法获得任何形式的现代能源。

So the key challenge that we have

因此，我们面临的关键挑战

and the key question

和关键问题是

is why is it that we fail to prioritize women's energy poverty

为什么我们未能优先考虑发展中国家

in developing countries

女性的能源贫困？

and fail to recognize it for the global crisis that it is?

为什么我们没意识到这是全球性危机？

This is a question and this is an issue that I have been grappling with

这个问题我一直试图解决，

for a long time.

已经很长时间了。

And I've come to the realization

我已经意识到，

that one of the key reasons

其中一个关键原因，

is that the energy sector is male-dominated

是能源行业由男性主导，

and marginally representative of diverse and inclusive perspectives.

仅在很小程度上代表了 多元化和包容性观点。

Now why do I say this?

我为什么要这么说？

Research from the International Energy Agency shows us

国际能源署的研究表明，

that women account for only 15 percent,

女性仅占 15％，

only 15 percent of the workforce in the energy sector.

能源部门劳动力的 15%。

And when it comes to leadership positions,

而在领导职位方面，

women such as myself,

像我这样的女性，

that is, women of color, are few and far between.

有色人种的女性， 更是少见。

We also know that gender-blind energy policies

我们还知道，不分性别的能源政策

also contribute to the failure

也导致了

of the prevailing narrative to recognize that it's women like Randa,

主流观点忽视像朗达这样的女性，

that are the cornerstones and the agents of change

她们恰恰是变革的基石和推动力，

to abolishing energy poverty.

推动消除能源贫困。

But here's the good news.

但好消息是，

A revolution is already underway.

一场革命已经开始了。

And this is a revolution that is being spearheaded

这场革命的牵头者

by women grassroots organizations.

是一些女性基层组织。

These are women grassroots organizations that are being disruptive

这些组织正在颠覆旧有规则，

and are stepping up to lead the way

挺身而出，引领我们

from the current crisis

走出当前的危机，

to a sustainable energy future that is more possible

走向更有可能实现、

and even closer than many of us realize.

更接近可持续能源的未来。

These women grassroots organizations embrace an approach that is referred to

这些组织所采用的方法叫做

as leaving no one behind.

“不让任何人掉队”。

That prioritizes universal access to reliable, affordable,

她们主张优先普惠大众 获得可靠、可负担、

sustainable energy as essential for livelihoods,

可持续的能源，因为这对生计、

for adaptation to climate change, and for building resilience.

适应气候变化和提高抗灾能力至关重要。

Now what does this mean in practice?

那么这在实践中意味着什么？

These initiatives are empowering women smallholder farmers, like Randa,

这些举措通过分散式可再生能源技术，

with decentralized renewable energy technologies.

增强了像朗达这样的女性小农的能力。

These are technologies such as solar water pumps,

这些技术，例如太阳能水泵、

mini grids,

微型电网、

clean cooking technologies

清洁烹饪技术，

that are equipping millions of women

为数百万妇女提供了帮助，

that, by the way, produce 80 percent of the food in developing countries,

顺便，发展中国家生产的 80％粮食来自这些女性，

with clean energy to irrigate their crops,

清洁能源可以帮助她们灌溉农作物，

to process their farm produce,

加工农产品，

to power agriculture equipment,

为农业设备供电，

while at the same time enabling them to adapt to climate change crises

同时帮助她们适应气候变化危机，

such as water shortages,

比如供水短缺，

and also reduce their reliance on expensive diesel generators.

并减少她们对昂贵柴油发电机的依赖。

Now I'm immensely proud to say

现在，我非常自豪地

and to share with you

与大家分享，

that only in less than 10 years

在不到 10 年的时间里，

an example of three women-led organizations

三个由女性领导的组织，

that is ENERGIA, my organization, Solar Sister, Frontier Markets

我领导的ENERGIA，以及 Solar Sister 和 Frontier Markets，

have supported a cohort of 42,000 women entrepreneurs

支持了 42,000 名女性企业家

that are operating in underserved markets

在商业分销网络不健全、

where commercial distribution networks are inadequate.

服务欠缺的市场中开展业务。

These women entrepreneurs have already fueled their local economies

这些女企业家推动了当地经济,

in their communities

为她们社区的

by providing renewable energy services to over 21 million consumers.

超过 2100 万消费者 提供可再生能源服务。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Now this is testament to the real-time impact

这证明了女性组织的实时影响

and the tangible results that are achievable

和取得的切实成果，

when women organizations take the lead.

只要她们得以引领时代的潮流。

For us at ENERGIA, addressing this crisis and this challenge

对于我的ENERGIA组织来说， 应对这场危机和挑战

goes beyond providing energy services.

不仅仅是提供能源服务。

A game changer for us has been convening the grassroots women

彻底变革的关键在于召集基层女性

that we collaborate with into associations.

与我们合作组成协会。

One rural woman standing alone

独自一人的农村妇女

has limited opportunity to change policies.

能改变政策的机会有限。

But forming a group of 200 women

但组建一个由 200 名女性组成的小组，

who, by the way, are voters,

当然，她们也是选民，

leverages their collective agency to engage in the formal economy

既可以她们的集体身份参与正规经济，

but also to be present in energy decision-making spaces

也可以参与能源决策，

that were previously closed to them.

这在以前都是不对她们开放的领域。

Together, this group of women can articulate their own issues.

这群妇女可以共同阐明自己的问题，

They can articulate their own demands,

表达自己的要求，

they can advocate for themselves,

还可以为自己辩护，

and they can even influence the political landscape,

甚至影响政治格局，

fostering national policies and regulations

推进国家制定政策和法规

that champion gender equality.

来捍卫性别平等。

Now in order to scale up these transformative impacts,

为了扩大这些变革性影响，

new pathways of financial support that direct intentional investments,

必须要取得新的财务支持途径，

intentional investments, to grassroots women's organizations

将有针对性投资引向基层妇女组织，

are absolutely necessary.

这是不可或缺的一步。

It is a scandal that currently,

然而令人震惊的是，

only six percent of climate finance for energy

只有 6％的能源气候融资

goes to address energy poverty.

用于解决能源贫困。

I'm going to pause there and let that sink in.

我会停一下，让大家消化这个信息。

Only six percent of climate finance

只有 6％的气候融资

goes to address this global crisis of energy poverty.

用于应对这场全球能源贫困危机。

And a mere nine percent

而且，只有 9%的

of climate sector development finance is tagged for gender equality.

气候部门发展资金用在性别平等方面。

Is this really the best that we can do to engage women in the energy sector?

这真的是我们能 为女性参与能源行业所做的最大努力吗？

My response is a clear no.

我的回答很明确，不是。

Now, I'd like to ask you to join me and imagine with me

现在，我想请你们和我一起想象

a transformative energy transition

一场变革性的能源转型，

that measures success not only by the supply of energy units,

它不仅通过能源单位的供应来衡量成功，

but rather by the significant strides that we make on gender equality

还要衡量我们在性别平等

and social justice.

和社会正义方面取得的重大进展。

The energy future that we should all be moving towards

我们应该共同迈向的能源未来

is one that calls us to be collectively responsible for ending energy poverty.

是承担集体责任、结束能源贫困的未来。

It is about providing women from developing countries

它旨在为来自发展中国家的妇女

with the opportunities to claim their power as leaders,

提供成为领导者的机会，

as drivers of a just and inclusive energy transition.

推动公正和包容的能源转型。

For me, the call to action is clear.

对我来说，行动的号角正在吹响。

Let us all be the architects of change,

让我们成为变革的建筑师，

shaping a future

塑造一个新的未来，

where no one is left in the dark,

那里无人被遗忘在黑暗中，

and where women are at the forefront of a brighter, more sustainable world.

而女性站在更光明、 更可持续的世界最前沿。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）