The Deep Sea's Medicinal Secrets | Sam Afoullouss | TED

43,340 views ・ 2022-04-11

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: μ„±μ€€ μ•ˆ κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:04
Who here, a year or two ago, thought that they'd be living
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1, 2λ…„ μ „λ§Œ 해도 μ–΄λŠ λˆ„κ°€
μ „ 세계가 μœ ν–‰λ³‘μ„ κ²ͺ으리라 μ˜ˆμƒν–ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:08
through a global pandemic?
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00:10
A new virus that spread across the world
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μ‹ μ’… λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€κ°€ μ „ 세계에 퍼지고
00:13
and killed millions.
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수백만 λͺ…이 μ£½μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
One of the scariest things about this virus
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μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€μ˜ λ¬΄μ„œμš΄ 점은
00:18
is that when it broke out
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처음 λ°œμƒν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ λŒ€μ‘ν•  μΉ˜λ£Œμ œλ‚˜
00:19
we had next to no cures or treatments to fight against COVID-19.
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μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ΄ 거의 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
But viruses, new and old, aren't our only worries.
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신쒅이든 μ•„λ‹ˆλ“  λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λ§Œ 문제인 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
From infectious bacteria that have become immune to our antibiotics
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ν•­μƒμ œκ°€ 듣지 μ•ŠλŠ” 감염성 μ„Έκ· λΆ€ν„°
00:32
to increased rates of cancers,
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높아진 μ•” λ°œμƒλ₯ κΉŒμ§€
00:34
humanity is struggling to find solutions to our ever-evolving medical needs.
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인λ₯˜λŠ” λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ”
의료 μˆ˜μš”λ₯Ό μΆ©μ‘±ν•  방법을 찾으렀 μ• μ“°κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
To find our medicines of the future, we’re turning to Mother Nature for help.
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미래의 μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ„ μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λŒ€μžμ—°μ— 도움을 μš”μ²­ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
My name is Sam Afoullouss, and I’m an underwater alchemist.
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μ €λŠ” μƒ˜ μ•„ν‘ΈμšΈλ£¨μŠ€μ΄κ³  λ°”λ‹€μ˜ μ—°κΈˆμˆ μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
But instead of turning led to gold,
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납을 금으둜 λ°”κΎΈλŠ” λŒ€μ‹ μ—
μ•„μΌλžœλ“œμ˜ μˆ¨μ€ 보물인 심해 μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆλ₯Ό
00:52
I'm turning Ireland's hidden treasure,
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00:54
deep-sea coral reefs,
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00:55
into our medicines of the future.
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미래의 μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΎΈμ£ .
00:58
For thousands of years,
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수천 λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
01:00
we have turned to natural remedies
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인λ₯˜λŠ” μ£Όλ³€μ˜ λ™μ‹λ¬Όλ‘œ λ§Œλ“  μ²œμ—° μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμœΌλ‘œ
01:02
made from the plants and animals that surround us
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01:05
to cure us of our ailments.
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μ§ˆλ³‘μ„ μΉ˜λ£Œν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
Put your hand up if, when you have a cold or a cough,
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손을 λ“€μ–΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
감기에 κ±Έλ Έκ±°λ‚˜ 기침이 λ‚  λ•Œ
01:10
you use natural treatments like honey or ginger to help relieve your symptoms.
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증상을 κ°€λΌμ•‰νžˆλ €κ³  κΏ€μ΄λ‚˜ 생강 같은 μžμ—° μš”λ²•μ„ μ¨λ³΄μ…¨λ‚˜μš”?
01:17
Hot whiskeys?
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뜨거운 μœ„μŠ€ν‚€λŠ”μš”?
01:18
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:20
The reason why these natural remedies work
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μžμ—° μš”λ²•μ΄ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μžˆλŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
01:23
is they rely on molecules called specialized metabolites
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특수 λŒ€μ‚¬ μ‚°λ¬Όμ΄λΌλŠ” μ„±λΆ„ λ•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
that are mainly produced by organisms that can’t move,
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μ΄λŠ” μ‹λ¬Όμ΄λ‚˜ 버섯 같은 움직일 수 μ—†λŠ” 생물이
01:30
like plants and mushrooms,
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01:32
to defend themselves from diseases and predators.
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μ§ˆλ³‘κ³Ό ν¬μ‹μžμ—κ²Œμ„œ μžμ‹ μ„ 지킀렀고 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 성뢄이죠.
01:36
Over the past 200 years,
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μ§€λ‚œ 200λ…„κ°„
01:38
scientists have traveled to the four corners of our world
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ μ „ 세계λ₯Ό ꡬ석ꡬ석 λŒμ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆλ©°
01:42
in search of organisms that may contain these medicinal molecules.
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이런 μ˜μ•½ 성뢄이 λ“€μ–΄μžˆμ„ λ§Œν•œ 생물을 μ°Ύμ•„λ‹€λ…”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
This fundamental research has resulted in over half our medicines today
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이런 기초 연ꡬλ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ
μžμ—°μ„ μ°Έκ³ ν•΄ κ°œλ°œν•œ μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ΄
01:51
being derived and inspired by natural sources.
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ν˜„λŒ€ μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ˜ 절반 μ΄μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
Although these scientists scoured the surface of our planet
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ΄ μ§€ν‘œλ₯Ό 샅샅이 μ‚΄ν”Όλ©΄μ„œ
01:59
for organisms with these potential medicines,
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μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ κ°œλ°œμ— ν™œμš©ν•  λ§Œν•œ 생물을 μ°Ύμ•„λ‹€λ…”μ§€λ§Œ
02:02
there was one area that remained underexplored --
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아직 찾아보지 μ•Šμ€ 곳이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
and it just so happened to be the biggest part.
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 넓은 κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
The oceans.
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λ°”λ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
Our oceans cover over three quarters of the Earth's surface
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λ°”λ‹€λŠ” 지ꡬ ν‘œλ©΄μ˜ μ‚¬λΆ„μ˜ μ‚Ό 이상이며
02:14
and contain the most biodiverse ecosystems on our planet.
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μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 생물 닀양성이 κ°€μž₯ ν’λΆ€ν•œ κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
In Ireland, we own eight times more ocean than we do land,
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μ•„μΌλžœλ“œμ˜ κ²½μš°μ—” μ˜ν•΄κ°€ μ˜ν† λ³΄λ‹€ μ—¬λŸ λ°° λ„“κ³ 
02:22
and it's filled with forms of life that seem alien to us.
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ² λ‚―μ„  생λͺ…듀이 κ°€λ“ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
All of these creatures you see here,
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사진에 λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” μ˜¨κ°– 생물듀은
02:28
I photographed in Irish waters along the Connemara coastline,
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μ½”λ„€λ§ˆλΌ ν•΄μ•ˆμ—μ„œ 찍은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
and you can discover them for yourselves if you visit rock pools
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썰물 λ•Œ 생긴 웅덩이λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ±°λ‚˜
ν•΄μ΄ˆ 사이λ₯Ό μž μˆ˜ν•˜λ©΄ 직접 보싀 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
or snorkel through the kelp forests.
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02:39
When Jacques Cousteau invented scuba diving in the 1940s,
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자크 μΏ μŠ€ν† κ°€ μŠ€μΏ λ²„ 닀이빙을 발λͺ…ν•œ 1940λ…„λŒ€ 이후
02:43
this provided scientists with the tools
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이 μž₯λΉ„λŠ” κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ΄ λ°”λ‹€μ˜ μƒνƒœκ³„λ₯Ό 연ꡬ할 λ•Œ 도움이 λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
required to explore these diverse ecosystems.
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02:49
Now they could spend hours underwater,
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μ΄μ œλŠ” λͺ‡ μ‹œκ°„μ΄κ³  물속에 μžˆμ„ 수 있게 λ˜λ©΄μ„œ
02:51
uncovering hundreds of new species
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수백 μ’…μ˜ 생물을 λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
from colorful corals to spectacular sponges
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ν˜•ν˜•μƒ‰μƒ‰μ˜ μ‚°ν˜Έλ‚˜ κ°μ–‘κ°μƒ‰μ˜ ν•΄λ©΄λ“€μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
02:57
of all shapes and sizes.
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02:59
When chemists got their hands on these samples
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ν™”ν•™μžλ“€μ€ μƒλ¬Όμ˜ ν‘œλ³ΈμœΌλ‘œ
03:02
and started analyzing the molecules that these animals made,
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κ·Έ 생물이 μ–΄λ–€ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ”μ§€ λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³  λ‹€λ“€ λ†€λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
they were amazed.
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03:06
New molecules,
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λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆλ˜ ꡬ쑰둜 된 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λΆ„μžλ“€μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
many of which chemists thought would be impossible to form.
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03:11
But then Mother Nature had something to say.
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λ†€λΌμš΄ 건 이뿐만이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
When they tested the potential of turning these new molecules into medicines,
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μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„
μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμœΌλ‘œ ν™œμš©ν•  κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ‹œν—˜ν•΄λ³΄λ©΄
03:20
they found that many of these new molecules
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이 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λΆ„μžλ“€μ€
03:22
could kill the most potent of drug-resistant bacteria,
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κΈ°μ‘΄ μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ— 내성이 μžˆλŠ” 세균을 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 죽일 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
03:26
destroy the most virulent of cancers
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μ•…μ„± 암세포λ₯Ό λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜κ³ 
03:29
and even be used to treat pain.
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μ§„ν†΅μ œλ‘œλ„ 쓰일 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
There are 17 medicines today in your local pharmacies and hospitals
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 집 근처의 μ•½κ΅­κ³Ό λ³‘μ›μ—λŠ”
이런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ°”λ‹€μ—μ„œ 온 μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ΄ 17μ’… μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
that are derived from marine sources.
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03:43
One of these medicines, in particular, ziconotide,
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그쀑 μ§€μ½”λ…Ένƒ€μ΄λ“œλΌλŠ” μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ€
03:47
was isolated from the Conus magus,
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μ½”λˆ„μŠ€ λ§ˆκ΅¬μŠ€μ—μ„œ μΆ”μΆœν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
also known as the magical cone snail.
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별λͺ…은 λ§ˆλ²•μ˜ 원뿔 κ³ λ‘₯이죠.
03:53
What's magic about this sea snail
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그런 별λͺ…이 뢙은 μ΄μœ λŠ” 껍데기와 λ¬΄λŠ¬κ°€ μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μšΈ 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
03:55
isn't just its beautiful shell and pattern,
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03:58
but one of the natural molecules it produces
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이 생물이 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 물질 쀑에
04:00
is such an effective painkiller
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λͺ¨λ₯΄ν•€λ³΄λ‹€ 천 λ°° κ°•ν•œ 진톡 성뢄이 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
that it’s 1,000 times stronger than morphine.
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04:06
And you’re probably asking yourself:
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 이런 의문이 λ“€κ² μ£ .
04:08
Why would a sea snail produce something
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μ™œ κ³ λ‘₯이 λͺ¨λ₯΄ν•€λ³΄λ‹€ 천 λ°° κ°•ν•œ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€κΉŒ?
04:11
that’s 1,000 times stronger than morphine?
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04:14
Is that why they're slow?
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 느린 건가?
04:16
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
04:18
And the answer?
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κ·Έ μ΄μœ λŠ” μ˜λ¦¬ν•˜κ²Œ μ§„ν™”ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
Ingenious evolution.
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04:22
See, these sea snails hunt fish,
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이 κ³ λ‘₯은 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό 사λƒ₯ν•˜λŠ”λ°
04:24
and they don't have the speed to chase down their prey
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가저을 사λƒ₯ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬μžμ²˜λŸΌ 빨리 λ¨Ήμž‡κ°μ„ 쫓을 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
like a lion hunts a gazelle.
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04:28
So instead, they harpoon their prey
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κ·Έ λŒ€μ‹  침을 μ˜μ•„ 사λƒ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
injecting it with a potent mixture of neurotoxins
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μ§€μ½”λ…Ένƒ€μ΄λ“œ 같은 신경독 ν˜Όν•©λ¬Όμ΄ 발린 침을 μ΄μ„œ
04:35
like ziconotide, that paralyze the fish instantly.
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λ¨Ήμž‡κ°μ„ μ¦‰μ‹œ λ§ˆλΉ„μ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
04:39
It's ziconotide's ability to target the nervous system of vertebrates like us
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인간 같은 μ²™μΆ” λ™λ¬Όμ˜ 신경계λ₯Ό λ…Έλ¦¬λŠ” μ§€μ½”λ…Ένƒ€μ΄λ“œμ˜ 이런 μ„±μ§ˆ 덕뢄에
04:44
that makes it such an effective painkiller.
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효과적인 μ§„ν†΅μ œλ‘œ μž‘μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:48
And while scuba diving was a revolutionary leap forward,
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ν˜μ‹ μ μΈ μŠ€μΏ λ²„ 닀이빙 기술 덕뢄에
04:51
allowing scientists to study our coastal marine ecosystems,
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ΄ ν•΄μ•ˆ μƒνƒœκ³„λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ²Œ 된 λ™μ‹œμ—
04:55
our oceans extend far past our shores to unimaginable depths.
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연ꡬ λ²”μœ„λŠ” ν•΄μ•ˆκ°€μ—μ„œ
깊이λ₯Ό μ•Œ 수 μ—†λŠ” μ‹¬ν•΄κΉŒμ§€ ν™•μž₯λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:01
We can only dive so deep
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인간은 생λͺ…에 μœ„ν˜‘μ΄ λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”
05:03
before the physical pressure pressing down causes lethal effects.
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μˆ˜μ‹¬κΉŒμ§€λ§Œ μž μˆ˜ν•  수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
05:07
This left the vast majority of our oceans underexplored.
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λ°”λ‹€μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ„ λ―Έμ§€μ˜ μ˜μ—­μœΌλ‘œ 남겨둬야 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:11
More people have been to space
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우주둜 λ‚˜κ°€ λ³Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄
05:13
than have been to our oceans' deepest depths.
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λ°”λ‹€ κ°€μž₯ κΉŠμ€ κ³³κΉŒμ§€ λ“€μ–΄κ°€ λ³Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ³΄λ‹€ 더 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
To find our medicines of the future,
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미래 μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ κ°œλ°œμ„ μœ„ν•΄
05:20
we went to explore these depths on the research vessel
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연ꡬ선인 μΌˆν‹± μ΅μŠ€ν”Œλ‘œλŸ¬ν˜Έλ₯Ό 타고 이 깊이둜 νƒν—˜μ„ λ– λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:23
The Celtic Explorer,
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05:25
and sailed south from Irish shores
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μ•„μΌλžœλ“œ ν•΄μ•ˆμ—μ„œ 남μͺ½μœΌλ‘œ μΆœλ°œν•΄
05:27
to some of the largest geographical features that scar our planet.
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μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 규λͺ¨κ°€ 큰 지리적 νŠΉμ§•μ„ μ°Ύμ•„κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:31
Submarine canyon systems like Whittard Canyon,
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μœ„νƒ€λ“œ μΊλ‹ˆμ–Έ 같은 ν•΄μ € ν˜‘κ³‘μœΌλ‘œ
05:35
where the sea floor drops from 300 meters to 3,000 meters.
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ν•΄μ € κΉŠμ΄κ°€ μ‚Όλ°± λ―Έν„°μ—μ„œ μ‚Όμ²œ λ―Έν„°λ‘œ κΈ‰λ³€ν•˜λŠ” κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
And it's here in some of the most extreme environmental conditions in the world
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λ°”λ‘œ μ΄κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ κ·Ήν•œ μ‘°κ±΄μ—μ„œ μ„œμ‹ν•˜λŠ”
05:46
that deep-sea coral reefs flourish.
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심해 μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆκ°€ μžˆλŠ” κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:50
Conditions at these depths are so extreme
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이 정도 κΉŠμ΄λŠ” λ„ˆλ¬΄ κ·Ήν•œ μ‘°κ±΄μ΄λΌμ„œ
05:52
we have to use a state of the art robotic submarine
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λ―Έλ‹ˆλ²„μŠ€ 크기의 μ΅œμ‹  λ‘œλ΄‡ μž μˆ˜ν•¨μœΌλ‘œ
05:56
the size of a minibus to collect our samples.
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ν‘œλ³Έμ„ 채취해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:00
And when I say extreme conditions, I really mean extreme.
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말둜만 κ·Ήν•œμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ •λ§λ‘œ κ·Ήν•œμ˜ ν™˜κ²½μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
Unlike the coral reefs that the cone snails inhabit,
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κ³ λ‘₯이 μ„œμ‹ν•˜λŠ” μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆμ™€ 달리
06:08
instead of the water being warm and tropical,
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이곳의 물은 λ”°λœ»ν•œ μ—΄λŒ€μ„±μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ 
06:11
it's the same temperature as your fridge.
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냉μž₯고와 μ˜¨λ„κ°€ κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:14
Instead of it being bright, clear and sunny,
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밝고 λˆˆλΆ€μ‹  ν–‡λΉ› λŒ€μ‹ 
06:17
it's pitch black and has never seen the light of day,
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ν•œ 쀄기 빛도 듀지 μ•ŠλŠ” 칠흑 속에
06:21
permanently bathed in eternal darkness.
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μ˜μ›ν•œ 어둠에 μž κ²¨μžˆλŠ” 곳이죠.
06:24
And instead of being able to swim around freely,
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자유둭게 ν—€μ—„μΉ˜λ©° λŒμ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆκΈ΄μ»€λ…•
06:27
if you were to dive to these depths,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 이 정도 κΉŠμ΄μ— λ“€μ–΄κ°„λ‹€λ©΄
06:29
you would be crushed in seconds with the sheer pressure,
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λ“€μ–΄κ°€λŠ” μˆœκ°„ λͺ‡ 초 μ΄λ‚΄λ‘œ μˆ˜μ•• λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
06:32
equating to the weight of 20 elephants standing on your head.
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코끼리 슀무 마리 μ •λ„μ˜ λ¬΄κ²Œμ— 찌그러질 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:37
Even with these harsh conditions,
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이런 ν˜Ήλ…ν•œ μ‘°κ±΄μ—μ„œλ„
06:39
deep-sea coral reefs are among the most biodiverse ecosystems in the world,
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심해 μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆμ˜ μƒλ¬Όν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μƒνƒœκ³„λŠ”
06:44
rivaling that of the Great Barrier Reef and the Amazonian rainforest.
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호주의 그레이트 배리어 리프와 μ•„λ§ˆμ‘΄ μš°λ¦Όμ— ν•„μ ν•˜λŠ” μ •λ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
In this one picture alone,
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이 사진 단 ν•œ μž₯에 희귀쒅이 수백 μ’… λ‹΄κ²¨μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:51
there are hundreds of unique species,
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06:53
from starfish to sea fans, cup corals to crinoids,
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λΆˆκ°€μ‚¬λ¦¬μ™€ μ‚°ν˜ΈμΆ©, μ»΅ μ‚°ν˜Έ, λ°”λ‹€λ‚˜λ¦¬ λ“±
06:57
all of which have adapted over millions of years
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수백만 λ…„κ°„ ν˜Ήλ…ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ— 적응해
07:00
to thrive in this unforgiving environment.
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자리 μž‘μ€ μ’…λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:05
Many of these animals are new to science
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ 학계에 μ•Œλ €μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μœΌλ©°
07:07
and remain in the final frontier in studying life on our planet.
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 생물 연ꡬ 쀑 μ΅œν›„μ˜ 과제둜 λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:12
Some of these animals are so alien, like deep sea jellyfish,
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심해 ν•΄νŒŒλ¦¬ 같은 생물은 λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ™Έκ³„μΈμ²˜λŸΌ μƒκ²¨μ„œ
07:17
that they even inspired the creatures in James Cameron's "Avatar"
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심해 νƒν—˜μ„ κ°”λ‹€ 온 μ œμž„μŠ€ μΉ΄λ©”λ‘ μ˜ β€˜μ•„λ°”νƒ€β€™μ— λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ”
07:20
after the director explored the deep sea.
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μƒλ¬Όμ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ— μ˜κ°μ„ 주기도 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:24
This abundance of biodiversity creates competition,
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생물 닀양성이 ν’λΆ€ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄ 생쑴 경쟁이 μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:29
especially between the filter-feeding animals to fight for space,
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특히 μ—¬κ³Ό 섭식 동물듀끼리 자리λ₯Ό 두고 κ²½μŸν•΄
07:33
to grow as far out into the water currents as possible
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더 λ§Žμ€ 먹이λ₯Ό μ„­μ·¨ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
07:36
to catch as much food as possible.
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μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ 널리 퍼져 자라게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:39
For millions of years,
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수백만 λ…„κ°„
07:40
this battle for space and food has raged on in the darkness,
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μΉ˜μ—΄ν•œ 먹이 λ‹€νˆΌ, 자리 λ‹€νˆΌμ΄ μ–΄λ‘  μ†μ—μ„œ 일어났고
07:45
resulting in some of the most beautiful biological creations
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 보지 λͺ»ν•œ μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ μƒνƒœκ³„κ°€
07:48
our world is yet to see.
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κ²½μŸμ—μ„œ μƒκ²¨λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:51
And this is an example of some of that beauty.
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이 사진은 κ·Έ μž₯κ΄€λ“€ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:54
A two-meter-wide trumpet sponge we found at a depth of 1.5 kilometers.
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2m λ„“μ΄μ˜ 이 트럼펫 해면은
μˆ˜μ‹¬ 1.5kmμ—μ„œ λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:00
This species of sponge has evolved to grow
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이 트럼펫 해면은
λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 유리 μ„¬μœ  골격을 κ°–κ³  μžλΌλ„λ‘ μ§„ν™”ν–ˆκ³ 
08:03
an intricate skeleton of interwoven glass fibers
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08:07
that stretch out into the current.
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μ‘°λ₯˜ μ†μœΌλ‘œ λ»—μ–΄λ‚˜κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:10
But this beauty comes with a dark side.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μ›€μ—λŠ” μ–΄λ‘μš΄ 면이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
It turns out the battle for these sponges and corals to survive and thrive
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ν•΄λ©΄κ³Ό μ‚°ν˜ΈλŠ” 생쑴을 μœ„ν•΄
08:20
is a battle that relies on chemical warfare.
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화학전을 λ²Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:24
My aim is to isolate these chemical weapons,
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제 λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” κ²½μŸμ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•œ ν™”ν•™ 무기λ₯Ό μΆ”μΆœν•΄
08:27
which we can then utilize in our own fight
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μ•”μ΄λ‚˜ μ•…μ„± 미생물 λ“± 인λ₯˜μ˜ μ§ˆλ³‘ μΉ˜λ£Œμ—
08:30
against microbes and cancers.
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ν™œμš©ν•˜λ„λ‘ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:33
If you look closely at this sponge, there are these tiny yellow dots.
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해면을 μžμ„Ένžˆ 보면 μž‘μ€ λ…Έλž€ 반점이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:37
Each of those yellow dots is a coral-like animal growing on the sponge,
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각 λ°˜μ μ€ μ‚°ν˜Έμ™€ μœ μ‚¬ν•œ 동물이 해면에 λΆ™μ–΄ μžλΌλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ
08:42
using it as a scaffold to feed in the currents.
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이걸둜 ν•΄λ₯˜μ—μ„œ 먹이λ₯Ό μ„­μ·¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:45
This can negatively affect the sponge.
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λ°˜μ μ€ ν•΄λ©΄μ—κ²Œ ν•΄λ‘œμšΈ 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
08:48
So in a response, the sponge and its microbiome
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ν•΄λ©΄κ³Ό ν•΄λ©΄μ˜ 미생물 ꡰ집은
08:51
produce toxic compounds to kill the corals.
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독성 성뢄을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ‚°ν˜Έλ₯Ό 죽이렀 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:54
And in a response to that,
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이에 λŒ€ν•­ν•΄ μ‚°ν˜ΈλŠ” 해면을 μ£½μ΄λŠ” 독성 성뢄을 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:56
the corals produce their own toxic compounds to kill the sponge.
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09:00
It's these compounds we aim to develop into new anti-cancer therapies
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이 독성 성뢄을 ν•­μ•” μΉ˜λ£Œμ™€ ν•­μƒμ œ κ°œλ°œμ—
ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” 것이 우리 λͺ©ν‘œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:04
and future antibiotics.
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09:07
But these reefs contain thousands of species,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆμ—λŠ” 수천 쒅이 μ‚΄κ³ 
09:10
and each species may contain thousands of molecules,
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각 쒅은 수천 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:14
so you might imagine that finding the one that could be a cure for a type of cancer
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ•” μΉ˜λ£Œμ œλ‚˜
09:18
or might stop the next pandemic
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λ‹€μŒ μœ ν–‰λ³‘μ˜ 치료제 κ°œλ°œμ€
09:20
would be like the proverbial finding a needle in a haystack.
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건초 λ”λ―Έμ—μ„œ λ°”λŠ˜ 찾기라 생각할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:25
In the dark.
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ν•œλ°€μ€‘μ—μš”.
09:26
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
09:28
But the same way that we soak berries and spices in alcohol to make gin,
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진을 λ§Œλ“€ λ•Œ μ•Œμ½”μ˜¬μ— 과일과 ν–₯μ‹ λ£Œλ₯Ό 넣듯이
09:33
we soak our corals and sponges in alcohol to make coral and sponge gin,
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μ‚°ν˜Έμ™€ 해면을 μ•Œμ½”μ˜¬μ— λ„£μ–΄μ„œ μ‚°ν˜Έ ν•΄λ©΄ 진을 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:38
which we call extract.
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μΆ”μΆœμ΄λΌλŠ” 과정이죠.
09:41
We then feed this extract to different diseases --
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λ‹€μŒ, 이 μΆ”μΆœλ¬Όμ„ μ—¬λŸ¬ 병원체에 μ£Όμž…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:44
cancers, malaria, viruses,
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μ•”, 말라리아, λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€,
09:46
even brain-eating amoebas -- and we wait.
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심지어 λ‡Œλ₯Ό νŒŒλ¨ΉλŠ” 아메바에도 λ„£κ³  κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κΈ°λ‹€λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:50
Most of the time, nothing happens.
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λŒ€κ°œ 아무 일도 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:54
But every once in a while,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 정말 가끔은
09:56
one of these extracts manages to kill a disease,
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그쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ 병원체λ₯Ό μ£½μ΄λŠ” 데 μ„±κ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:59
letting us know it contains a natural molecule
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이 μΆ”μΆœλ¬Όμ—λŠ” μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€ κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλŠ”
10:03
with the potential to be turned into a medicine.
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물질이 λ“€μ–΄μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
10:06
We then isolate these molecules
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κ·Έ 물질만 λΆ„λ¦¬ν•΄μ„œ λ‹€μ‹œ 병원체에 μ£Όμž…ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό
10:08
and test them against the disease again
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10:11
until we find the one,
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계속 λ°˜λ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:13
the one molecule that has resulted from millions of years of evolution
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μ–΄λ‘‘κ³  κΉŠμ€ μ‹¬ν•΄μ—μ„œ 수백만 λ…„κ°„
생쑴 κ²½μŸμ„ ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ λ§Œλ“  물질둜
10:17
in our oceans' dark depths
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10:19
that we can now use in our own wars against cancers,
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인λ₯˜μ˜ 적인 μ•”κ³Ό μ„Έκ· , λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λ₯Ό
μΉ˜λ£Œν•  수 μžˆμ„ λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ λ°˜λ³΅ν•˜μ£ .
10:23
bacteria and viruses.
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10:26
But once we find these medicines,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그런 λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ 찾아도
10:29
we can't just rip these animals from the reef as our source.
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μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆμ—μ„œ ν•¨λΆ€λ‘œ λ–Όμ–΄λ‚Ό μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:32
That would destroy the very vital biodiversity
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생쑴과 μ§κ²°λ˜λŠ” 생물 닀양성을 ν•΄μΉ  μˆ˜λ„ 있고
10:35
and resulting competition that created these molecules in the first place.
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κ²°κ΅­ μ• μ΄ˆμ— 그런 λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€κ²Œ ν•œ 생쑴 κ²½μŸμ„ λ§κ°€λœ¨λ¦΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:41
We don't need to come up with a complex mechanism
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μ—°κ΅¬μ‹€μ—μ„œ κ·Έ 성뢄을 λ§Œλ“€λ €κ³  λ³΅μž‘ν•œ μˆ˜μ‹μ„ λ§Œλ“€ ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:44
for manufacturing them in a lab.
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10:46
Some of these molecules are so complex we couldn't even if we tried.
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심지어 λͺ‡λͺ‡ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ³΅μž‘ν•΄μ„œ 손을 댈 수쑰차 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:51
But Mother Nature has done the hard work for us.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λŒ€μžμ—°μ— μ™„μ„±ν’ˆμ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:55
Hidden in the DNA of these animals and their associated microbes
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이 동물듀과 이에 κ³΅μƒν•˜λŠ” λ―Έμƒλ¬Όμ˜ DNAμ—λŠ”
10:59
are the genes which carry the biological recipes
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μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ κ°œλ°œμ— 도움이 λ˜λŠ” λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλŠ” 방법이 λ‹΄κΈ΄
11:04
for producing these molecules.
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μœ μ „μžκ°€ 숨겨져 μžˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
11:07
Using cutting-edge techniques,
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μ΅œμ‹  기술둜
11:09
we can take these genes and insert them into microbes like yeast,
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이런 μœ μ „μžλ₯Ό μ§‘μ–΄λ‚΄μ„œ 효λͺ¨ 같은 미생물에 μ‚½μž…ν•˜κ³ 
11:14
allowing us to grow them in a bioreactor,
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생물 λ°˜μ‘κΈ°μ—μ„œ μ„±μž₯μ‹œν‚€λ©΄
11:16
getting the microbes to do the hard work for us,
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미생물이 인간 λŒ€μ‹  일해주기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
11:19
producing our medicines in a sustainable, cost-effective way
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μΉœν™˜κ²½μ μ΄κ³  μ €λ ΄ν•œ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:23
without the need for harsh chemicals,
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” μ€‘κΈˆμ† 같은 μœ λ… ν™”ν•™ 물질이 ν•„μš”μ—†λŠ”λ°
11:26
such as heavy metals,
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11:27
that can be required in more traditional manufacturing processes.
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κΈ°μ‘΄ 생산 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œλŠ” 이듀이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:32
Our research isn't just to help protect the health of humanity,
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우리 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 인λ₯˜μ˜ κ±΄κ°•λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
11:35
but also to protect the health of these hidden reefs.
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μˆ¨μ–΄μžˆλŠ” 이 μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆλ„ μ§€ν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:39
Deep-sea reefs wrap around our entire planet,
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심해 μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆλŠ” 지ꡬ 곳곳에 μ„œμ‹ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
11:42
and already over half the reefs that exist
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ 그쀑에 절반이 λ„˜λŠ” μˆ˜κ°€
11:45
have been destroyed,
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그물망과 λŒ€λŸ‰ λ‚šμ‹œ μ–΄μ—… λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λŒλ¬΄λ”κΈ° μ†μœΌλ‘œ 이미 μ‚¬λΌμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:47
turned to lifeless rubble by trawling and longline fishing.
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11:51
With new threats on the horizon, like deep-sea mining,
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μ‘°λ§Œκ°„ μƒˆλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  심해 채꡴ 같은 ν™œλ™μœΌλ‘œ
11:54
they're in more danger now than ever before.
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μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆμ˜ 생쑴은 λ”μš± μœ„ν˜‘λ°›μ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:58
By proving that their unique biodiversity
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심해 μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆμ˜ λ…νŠΉν•œ 생물 닀양성이
12:01
can be a natural resource for providing us with new medicines,
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€ μ²œμ—°μžμ›μ΄λΌλŠ” 점을 증λͺ…ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
12:05
not only does this give a public health incentive to protect these reefs,
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이 μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆλ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λŠ” 곡쀑 보건 상 이유뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
12:10
but a financial one also.
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경제적 μ΄μœ λ„ λ”°λΌμ˜¬ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:12
Like how safari tours provide the economic incentive
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μ΄ˆμ› 사λƒ₯ μ—¬ν–‰μ΄λΌλŠ” 수읡 덕택에
12:16
to conserve savanna ecosystems,
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μ—΄λŒ€ μ΄ˆμ› μƒνƒœκ³„κ°€ λ³΄ν˜Έλ°›λ“―μ΄
12:18
potential profits from pharmaceutical sales
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 얻을 μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ 수읡이
12:21
could provide the financial sustainability to explore and protect these reefs.
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이 μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆλ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  λ³΄ν˜Έν• 
경제적 κ·Όκ±°κ°€ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:28
We need new medicines today more than ever before,
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ μ–΄λŠ λ•Œλ³΄λ‹€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜κ³ 
12:32
and the incredible biodiversity that deep-sea reefs offer
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심해 μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆμ˜ λ†€λΌμš΄ 생물 λ‹€μ–‘μ„±μ΄λΌλŠ”
12:36
have created a fantastic library of natural molecules,
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ν™˜μƒμ μΈ μ²œμ—° 물질의 보고λ₯Ό μ°Έκ³ ν•΄
12:40
which we can develop into our future medicines.
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미래 μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ„ κ°œλ°œν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:43
Already, our research group has found potential medicines against asthma,
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이미 저희 μ—°κ΅¬νŒ€μ€ μ²œμ‹κ³Ό 말라리아, μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€μ—
12:48
malaria and even COVID-19,
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효과 μžˆλŠ” λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ μ°Ύμ•˜κ³ 
12:51
showing the unbelievable potential of these reefs.
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이 μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆκ°€ ν’ˆκ³  μžˆλŠ” 믿을 수 μ—†λŠ” κ°€λŠ₯성을 증λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:55
To protect our own health
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인λ₯˜μ˜ 건강을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
12:58
we need to protect the health of deep-sea coral reefs.
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심해 μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆλ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:02
Our future pharmacies
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우리 미래 μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ€
13:05
are hidden in our seas.
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바닀에 숨겨져 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:08
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:09
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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