How Ancient Arctic Carbon Threatens Everyone on the Planet | Sue Natali | TED

118,868 views ใƒป 2022-05-04

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Seohee Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:04
So whenever I tell people Iโ€™m an Arctic scientist,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณผํ•™์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
00:07
the first thing that they always ask me is: How cold is it up there?
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๋Š˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋จผ์ € ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ถ”์›Œ์š”?โ€
00:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
00:12
And yeah, the Arctic can get pretty cold.
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๋„ค, ๋ถ๊ทน์€ ๊ฝค ์ถ”์›Œ์š”.
00:14
Trust me when I tell you
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์˜ํ•˜ 40๋„์— ์•ผ์™ธ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด
00:16
that working outside at -40 degrees is really, really challenging.
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์ •๋ง, ์ •๋ง ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
But in the summer of 2019,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ 2019๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—” ์ „ํ˜€ ์ถฅ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
00:23
it was anything but cold.
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00:26
So that summer I was working with my research team
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๊ทธํ•ด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„, ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€๊ณผ
00:29
in Alaskaโ€™s Yukon Kuskokwim Delta
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์•Œ๋ž˜์Šค์นด ์œ ์ฝ˜-์ฟ ์Šค์ฝ”ํ„ ์‚ผ๊ฐ์ฃผ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
00:32
on the traditional lands of the Yupโ€™ik and Cupโ€™ik people.
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์œ ํ”ฝ์กฑ๊ณผ ์ถ”ํ”ฝ์กฑ์˜ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:36
And we were up there hauling hundreds of pounds of equipment
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๊ทธ๊ณณ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์˜ ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์„ ๋“ค๊ณ 
00:40
across the tundra in the middle of a record-breaking heatwave.
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๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ๋ฌด๋”์œ„ ์†์—์„œ ํˆฐ๋“œ๋ผ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ง€๋‚˜์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
It was 90 degrees Fahrenheit.
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์„ญ์”จ 30๋„์˜€์–ด์š”.
00:48
There was no breeze,
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ๋„ ๋ถˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
00:49
nowhere to go for a shade
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๊ทธ๋Š˜๋„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ ,
00:51
and seemingly endless miles of tundra as far as my eyes could see.
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๋ˆˆ์ด ๋‹ฟ๋Š” ๋ฐ๋ผ๊ณค ๋์—†์ด ํŽผ์ณ์ง„ ํˆฐ๋“œ๋ผ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:56
To make matters worse,
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์„ค์ƒ๊ฐ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
00:57
the land had drastically changed
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1๋…„ ์ „์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋•…์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:59
since we had been here just one year before.
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01:02
The ground was sinking and it was cracking.
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์ง€๋ฐ˜์ด ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰๊ณ  ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:05
In places, it was literally collapsing beneath my feet.
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๋ฐœ ๋”›๋Š” ๊ณณ๊ณณ์ด ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:10
Iโ€™ve been working in the Arctic for more than a decade,
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๋ถ๊ทน์—์„œ 10๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์ผํ•ด์™”์ง€๋งŒ
01:13
and I had never seen changes happening this rapidly ever before.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธ‰์†๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
The changes we saw were remarkable,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚ฌ๊ณ ,
01:23
and they were also really concerning.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์šฐ๋ ค๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
But we were there to measure changes that we couldnโ€™t see.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ๊ทน์— ๊ฐ”์ฃ .
01:31
We were there to fill a major gap in our understanding
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๋ถ๊ทน์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ธฐํ›„์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ
01:35
of how the changing Arctic is impacting the Earthโ€™s climate.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ๊ทน์— ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
So we were installing whatโ€™s called an โ€œeddy covariance tower,โ€
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” โ€œ์—๋”” ๊ณต๋ถ„์‚ฐ ํƒ€์›Œโ€œ๋ผ๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
01:43
which is a series of instruments
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค๋กœ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
that measures the exchange of greenhouse gases,
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01:47
like carbon dioxide and methane,
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์™€ ๋ฉ”ํƒ„ ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ณผ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:50
between the land and the atmosphere.
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01:52
Itโ€™s essentially like measuring the Earthโ€™s breath.
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ํ˜ธํก์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
And so the reason the land around us was collapsing
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์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ, ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋•…์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
02:00
is because the once permanently frozen ground called permafrost
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๋ฐ”๋กœ โ€˜์˜๊ตฌ๋™ํ† ์ธตโ€™์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ผ์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋•…์ด
02:03
was starting to thaw.
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๋…น๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:06
And once it thaws,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋น™์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋ฉด
02:08
that collapsing ground can drastically alter
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๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๋Œ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ๊ทน์˜ ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฐ๋“œ๋ผ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๋ถ์ชฝ ์ˆ˜๋ฆผ๋Œ€์—
02:11
the vast expanse of the Arcticโ€™s tundra and boreal forest,
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๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
and it can also threaten the homes and lifeways
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ๊ทน ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ๋ณด๊ธˆ์ž๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:19
of Arctic residents.
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02:21
Just imagine if the ground beneath your home
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง‘์„ ๋ฐ›์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๋•…์ด ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ ค์•‰๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:24
suddenly started to sink.
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02:27
That's what's happening across the Arctic.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ถ๊ทน ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
But thawing permafrost also threatens everyone on the planet
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๊ทธ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋™ํ†  ํ•ด๋น™์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
because it stores a massive amount of ancient frozen carbon.
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๋™ํ†  ์†์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ž ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๊ณ ,
02:40
And when that carbon thaws,
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๊ทธ ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋…น์œผ๋ฉด ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:41
it can be released into the atmosphere as greenhouse gases,
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02:44
leading to more warming and more thaw.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์˜จ์€ ๋”์šฑ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋™ํ†  ํ•ด๋น™๋„ ๋” ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
So let me place the magnitude of this problem in perspective for you.
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์ž, ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
By the end of this century,
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21์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ง์ด ๋˜๋ฉด,
02:55
greenhouse gas emissions from thawing permafrost
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๋™ํ†  ํ•ด๋น™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด
02:58
may be on par with some of the worldโ€™s leading greenhouse-gas-emitting nations,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ตญ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋งž๋จน์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
perhaps as large as or larger than emissions from the United States,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ฃ .
03:08
the second-largest greenhouse-gas-emitting country in the world.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
And you know, I want to point out, this is not a new phenomena.
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03:17
Arctic residents and scientists
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๋ถ๊ทน ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
03:19
have been observing permafrost thaw now for decades.
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋™ํ†  ํ•ด๋น™์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
But the scale of the research hasnโ€™t been sufficient
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋“ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š”
์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚œ๊ด€์„ ํ—ค์ณ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„์น˜ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
to meet this enormous challenge.
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03:29
Because no one country is directly responsible for permafrost thaw,
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๋™ํ†  ํ•ด๋น™์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ๋‹จ์ง€ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ,
03:34
no single nation has taken responsibility for fully monitoring
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋„ ๋ถ๊ทน ์ „์—ญ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
ํ•ด๋น™์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ถ”์  ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:38
and tracking its impact across the Arctic.
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03:42
And this is not a case where ignorance is bliss,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  โ€œ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ์ด๋‹คโ€๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง๋„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ†ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
because what doesn't get measured doesn't get accounted for.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ธก์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ๋ ค ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ ๋น ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:50
Because we canโ€™t put a precise number on permafrost emissions,
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๋™ํ†  ํ•ด๋น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:54
policymakers are essentially excluding them,
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์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ œ์™ธ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
setting global emissions targets that are wholly insufficient
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ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด
์žฌ์•™ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ์—ญ๋ถ€์กฑ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:01
to protect us from catastrophic climate change.
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04:05
Ignoring permafrost
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๋™ํ†  ํ•ด๋น™์— ๋ฌด์ง€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
04:06
is essentially like leaving a major greenhouse-gas-emitting country,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์š” ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ
๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐํ›„ ํ˜‘์•ฝ์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
like the United States,
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04:11
out of global climate negotiations,
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04:13
which is not a good idea.
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์ •๋ง ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜์ฃ .
04:16
What we need to know is where permafrost is thawing across the Arctic
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ๊ทน ์ „์—ญ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
์–ด๋””์—์„œ ๋™ํ†  ํ•ด๋น™์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€,
04:21
and how fast,
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04:23
what that means in terms of greenhouse gas emissions
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์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€,
04:25
and how that will impact our climate in 10, 50 or 100 years from now.
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10๋…„, 50๋…„, 100๋…„ ํ›„์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
Answering these questions requires a massive and integrated effort
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋œ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
04:36
at a scale that matches the enormity of this problem.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
Thankfully, we have a plan.
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
Through an ambitious new initiative called Permafrost Pathways,
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โ€œ๋™ํ†  ํ•ด๋น™ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋‹จโ€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•ผ์‹ฌ์ฐฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
04:47
weโ€™ve formed a coalition of Arctic residents and scientists,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ๊ทน ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค, ํ† ์ฐฉ ์ง€์‹๊ฐ€๋“ค,
04:52
Indigenous knowledge-holders
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ๊ทน ๊ธฐํ›„ ์ •์ฑ… ์ œ์•ˆ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
04:54
and Arctic and climate policy influencers
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04:56
to tackle this problem with the urgency it deserves.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์ด ์š”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธด๊ธ‰์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
Recognizing that we cannot continue on our current climate trajectory,
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ถ”์„ธ๋กœ๋Š” ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ณ 
05:05
weโ€™ve brought this team together to think big
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๋‹ค ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋„“ํžˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ํŒ€์„ ๊พธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
and to act boldly
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๋” ๊ณผ๊ฐํžˆ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ ,
05:10
and to work across boundaries
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๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ
05:12
to take us on a new pathway forward.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ธธ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:16
So to get started,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ๋จผ์ € ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€
05:18
the first thing that we need to do
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05:20
is to actually measure greenhouse gas emissions
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๋ถ๊ทน ์ „์—ญ์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
across the entire Arctic.
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05:25
Currently there are only a handful of monitoring towers across the Arctic
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ์„  ๋‹จ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ด€์ธกํƒ‘๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ๊ทน ์ „์—ญ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
that run year round
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๋‹จ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋งŒ 1๋…„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๊ฐ€๋™๋˜๋ฉฐ
05:31
and that measure both important greenhouse gases,
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์ฃผ์š” ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์™€ ๋ฉ”ํƒ„์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์ฃ .
05:33
carbon dioxide and methane.
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05:36
So weโ€™re working with a team of international scientific experts
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณผํ•™ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ํŒ€๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ
05:40
to strategically identify and fill these monitoring gaps
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๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
by installing new equipment across the Arctic
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๋ถ๊ทน ์ „์—ญ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ
05:47
in remote locations where monitoring currently doesnโ€™t exist.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ถ”์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด ์ด๋ค„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์™ธ์ง„ ๊ณณ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:51
We believe that by installing just 10 new monitoring sites,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์ธก์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ 10๊ฐœ๋งŒ ์„ธ์›Œ๋„
05:54
we can drastically improve our estimates of permafrost emissions,
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๋™ํ†  ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ •์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
05:58
which will remove a major barrier
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ
06:00
to their incorporation into the global climate policy.
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๋ถ€์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๋ฆผ๋Œ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
And weโ€™re coupling this on-the-ground monitoring
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ง€์ƒ ๊ด€์ธก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด
06:06
with high-resolution satellite observations
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๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ ์œ„์„ฑ ๊ด€์ธก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์ตœ์‹  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
06:09
and advanced computer modeling
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06:11
so that we can track the changing Arctic in near real-time
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๋ถ๊ทน์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:14
and accurately project permafrost emissions into the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
But state-of-the-art science just isnโ€™t enough.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ณผํ•™๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์ฃ .
06:23
We need to make sure that permafrost emissions are counted
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๋™ํ†  ํ•ด๋น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์„œ
06:26
when setting global emissions targets,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์ถ• ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
because each year that we fail to account for permafrost is another year
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๋™ํ†  ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
06:32
that we become unwittingly locked-in to more severe climate warming.
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๋ถ€์ง€๋ถˆ์‹๊ฐ„์— ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์— ์ž ์‹๋  ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:37
So weโ€™re working with leading policy experts
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์„ ๋„์  ์ •์ฑ… ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
06:40
to bring this new knowledge
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์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง€์‹์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ์œ„ ๋…ผ์˜ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค์ ธ์„œ
06:42
to the table with the decision-makers at the highest level
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06:45
to make sure that global climate policy is accounting for permafrost
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋™ํ†  ํ•ด๋น™์ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด
06:49
and aiming for the right targets.
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ๊ฐ์ถ• ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
But the truth is,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ƒ์€
06:55
even with the most ambitious climate action,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•œ ๊ธฐํ›„ ํ–‰๋™์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
06:59
some permafrost is going to thaw --
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๋™ํ† ๋Š” ๋…น์•„๋‚ด๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
thatโ€™s already happening.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:04
Right now across the Arctic,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ, ๋ถ๊ทน ์ „์—ญ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
07:06
people are having to make extremely difficult decisions
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์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
about where and how to live
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
07:12
in order to protect themselves and their families
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07:15
from the hazards of climate change.
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์–ด๋””์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ด ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:17
So weโ€™re working with our team members
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ €ํฌ ํŒ€์›๋“ค๊ณผ
07:20
and our partners who live on permafrost
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๋™ํ† ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์ €ํฌ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
07:22
to bring these monitoring and modeling tools
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์ด ๊ด€์ธก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„œ
07:25
to assess the current and future impacts of permafrost thaw on Arctic communities,
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๋ถ๊ทน ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋™ํ†  ํ•ด๋น™์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:29
and to co-create adaptation plans
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๊ธฐํ›„ ์ ์‘ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ
07:32
that protect and respect the health,
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๋ถ๊ทน ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ๋ณต์ง€, ์ธ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
well-being
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07:36
and human rights of Arctic residents.
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07:40
These are the gaps we plan to fill.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
Painting a picture of the Arctic
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ถ๊ทน์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ ,
07:45
that we have never been able to see before,
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07:49
and recognizing that ultimately,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ธ๊ถŒ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ
07:52
the climate crisis is a human rights crisis,
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
and itโ€™s one thatโ€™s already underway.
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07:58
But through these actions that we take now,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐํ›„ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:01
we can greatly reduce future harm
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ 
08:03
and take us on a more just and equitable journey.
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์ข€ ๋” ์ •์˜๋กญ๊ณ  ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:08
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
(Applause and cheers)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์™€ ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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