Dr. Anthony Fauci: Is the pandemic actually over? It's complicated | TED

64,091 views ・ 2022-09-22

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: ν•œλ‚˜ 졜 κ²€ν† : Hyeryung Kim
00:03
David Biello: In the wake of Dr. Anthony Fauci's announcement
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λ°μ΄λΉ„λ“œ λΉ„μ—˜λ‘œ: μ•€μ„œλ‹ˆ νŒŒμ‹œ λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œλŠ”
00:06
that he will be retiring
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ꡭ립 μ•Œλ ˆλ₯΄κΈ° 및 전염병 μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œμ˜ μ†Œμž₯ μ§μ±…μ—μ„œ
00:08
as the head of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
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00:12
at the end of the year,
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μ€ν‡΄ν•˜μ‹ λ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:13
I've invited him to join me for a conversation
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” 였늘, νŒŒμ‹œ λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜μ„ μ΄ˆλŒ€ν•΄
00:16
on the future of the COVID-19 pandemic,
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μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜19의 λ―Έλž˜μ™€ λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜μ˜ 업적, 그리고 곡쀑 보건의 λ―Έλž˜μ— κ΄€ν•œ
00:18
reflections on his career and the future of public health.
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λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό ν•΄λ³ΌκΉŒ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
Please welcome Brooklyn's own Dr. Fauci.
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브루클린의 νŒŒμ‹œ λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
Anthony Fauci: Hi, David, nice to see you, thank you for having me.
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μ•€μ„œλ‹ˆ νŒŒμ‹œ: μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”. μ €λ₯Ό μ΄ˆλŒ€ν•΄ μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
DB: Thank you for joining us.
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DB: ν•¨κ»˜ν•΄ μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
So my first question is very simple.
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첫 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
Is the COVID-19 pandemic over?
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μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜λŠ” μ’…κ²°λœ κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
00:38
AF: You know, David, there's a lot of misinterpretation
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AF: μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό,
β€œμ’…κ²°β€ μ΄λΌλŠ” 단어에 λŒ€ν•œ μ˜€λ…μ΄ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
about what the meaning of the word "over" is,
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00:43
it means different things to different people.
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ ν•΄μ„ν•˜μ£ .
00:45
I'm sure you're referring to the comment made by the President a day or two ago.
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λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήκ»˜μ„œ ν•˜λ£¨ 이틀 μ „ ν•˜μ…¨λ˜ 말씀 λ•Œλ¬ΈμΈ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
If you're talking about the fulminant phase of the outbreak,
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μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜ 창ꢐ의 μ ˆμ •κΈ°,
00:56
when we were having anywhere from 800,000 to 900,000 infections a day
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즉, ν•˜λ£¨μ— 80μ—μ„œ 90만 ν™•μ§„μžκ°€ λ‚˜μ˜€κ³ 
01:01
and 3,000 to 4,000 deaths per day,
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3μ²œμ—μ„œ 4천λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λ§μžκ°€ λ‚˜μ˜€λ˜
01:04
that was several months ago.
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λͺ‡ 달 μ „ 상황을 λ§μ”€ν•˜μ‹  거라면,
01:07
We are much, much better off now than we were then.
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μ§€κΈˆ 상황이 훨씬 λ‚˜μ•„μ§„ 건 λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
So in that case,
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그런 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ 보면
01:14
that fulminant phase of the outbreak is behind us.
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μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜μ˜ μ ˆμ •κΈ°λŠ” 이미 μ§€λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
But as the President made very clear on the second half of his sentence,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήκ»˜μ„œ 뒷뢀뢄에 μ •ν™•νžˆ 짚고 λ„˜μ–΄κ°€μ…¨λŠ”λ°
01:24
is that, which they don't seem to show, is that he actually said
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잘 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ‹œλŠ” 뢄듀이 λ§Žμ€ 것 κ°™μ•„μš”.
01:29
we still have a lot of work to do,
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아직 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일이 많고 μœ„ν—˜μ΄ 도사리고 있으며
01:30
there's still a challenge ahead,
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01:32
we’ve got to get people vaccinated.
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λ°±μ‹  접쒅을 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•˜μ…¨μ£ .
01:34
We still have a number of cases,
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ν™•μ§„μžλŠ” 아직 많고 ν•˜λ£¨μ— 400λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λ§μžκ°€ λ‚˜μ˜€μ£ .
01:35
we have 400 deaths per day.
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01:39
That's an unacceptably high level.
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μ•„μ£Ό 높은 μˆ«μžμ˜ˆμš”.
01:41
So again, it depends on the semantics of what your definition is.
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번 λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄, μ’…κ²°μ˜ μ˜λ―Έμ— 따라 닡변은 λ°”λ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
We don't want anyone to get the impression
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일이 μ—†λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 뢄은 μ—†μœΌμ…¨μœΌλ©΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
that we don't have a lot of work to do.
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01:51
We've got to get the level of infection
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κ°μ—Όμž 수λ₯Ό μ§€κΈˆλ³΄λ‹€ μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ 많이 쀄여야 ν•΄μš”.
01:54
considerably lower than it is.
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01:56
And we've certainly got to get the level of deaths lower than it is.
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μ‚¬λ§μž μˆ˜λ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€κ³ μš”.
02:01
So again, it depends on the semantics of what you mean by "end."
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λ©΄, β€œμ’…κ²°β€œμ˜ μ˜λ―Έμ— 따라 λ‚˜λ‰©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
DB: Well, let's get into those semantics then.
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DB: 자, 그럼 κ·Έ 의미 μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μ–˜κΈ°ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
02:08
What conditions would need to exist for the pandemic to be over?
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μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜κ°€ μ’…κ²°λ˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 쑰건은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
02:12
AF: You know, that's a call
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AF: 세계 보건 기ꡬ가 κ³΅μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ μ§€μ •ν•œ μ‘°κ±΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
that officially is made by the World Health Organization.
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02:18
You know, my colleagues and I
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저와 제 λ™λ£Œλ“€μ΄,
02:21
oh, it must have been more than ten years ago,
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ν•œ μ‹­ 년도 더 된 μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ,
02:24
because of the lack of clarity
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μ „μ—Όλ³‘μ˜ 의미 해석이 μ‚¬λžŒλ§ˆλ‹€ λ‹¬λΌμ„œ
02:27
on what a pandemic means to one person versus another,
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κ·Έ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ λͺ…ν™•ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ°μ—
02:31
we wrote a paper in the Journal of Infectious Diseases
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그와 κ΄€λ ¨ν•œ 논문을 μ¨μ„œ 전염병 ν•™μˆ μ§€μ— κ²Œμž¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
in which we talked about all the different variations of interpretations.
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λͺ¨λ“  κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 해석에 κ΄€ν•΄ μ €μˆ ν•œ λ…Όλ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
02:40
Is it a widespread phenomenon?
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전염병이 κ·Έμ € β€˜λ„λ¦¬ 퍼진 ν˜„μƒβ€™μΈκ°€?
02:43
Is it the widespread nature throughout the world
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세계 각지에 널리 νΌμ§€κΈ°λ§Œ ν•˜λ©΄ κ³΅μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ β€˜μ „μ—Όλ³‘β€™μ΄ λ˜λŠ”κ°€?
02:46
that makes it officially a pandemic?
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02:49
Or is it widespread and accelerating?
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널리 νΌμ§€λ©΄μ„œ λ™μ‹œμ— κ°€μ†ν™”λ˜λŠ” 것인가?
02:53
Or is it widespread causing serious disease?
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 널리 νΌμ§€λ©΄μ„œ λ™μ‹œμ— 치λͺ…적인 μ§ˆλ³‘μ„ μˆ˜λ°˜ν•˜λŠ” 것인가?
02:56
It means different things to different people.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ§ˆλ‹€ λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ ν•΄μ„ν•˜μ£ .
02:58
So rather than try and give a definition, that's my definition versus another,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 의미λ₯Ό μ§€μ •ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ •μ˜λ₯Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•˜κΈ°λ³΄λ‹€
03:04
we should stick with what the WHO is saying.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 세계 보건 기ꡬ의 말을 따라야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
And as Dr. Tedros said,
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ν…Œλ“œλ‘œμŠ€ λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨λ“―,
03:12
that we're seeing the light at the end of the tunnel on that.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 터널 끝의 λΆˆλΉ›μ„ 보고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
So, again, you might interpret that,
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•΄μ„ν•˜μ‹€ 수 있겠죠.
03:17
well, if that's the case, is it over?
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λ§Œμ•½ κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄, μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜λŠ” μ’…κ²°λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”κ°€?
03:19
Well, again, what does "over" mean?
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λ‹€μ‹œ, β€œμ’…κ²°β€œμ€ 무슨 λœ»μΌκΉŒμš”?
03:21
There's a lot of semantics there, David.
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λ°μ΄λΉ„λ“œ 씨, 이 λ¬Έμ œμ—λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
The easiest way not to confuse people is to say we still have a lot of cases,
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ν˜Όλž€μ„ μ€„μ΄λŠ” κ°€μž₯ μ‰¬μš΄ 방법은 ν˜„μž¬ 상황을 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
아직 ν™•μ§„μžλŠ” 많고 μ‚¬λ§μžλŠ” ν•˜λ£¨μ— 400λͺ…이며,
03:28
we still have 400 deaths,
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03:30
we only have 67 percent of the population vaccinated,
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67%밖에 μ•ˆλ˜λŠ” λ°±μ‹  μ ‘μ’…λ₯ μ€ λΆ„λͺ… κ°œμ„ λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³ μš”.
03:33
we've got to do better than that.
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03:35
Of those, only one half have gotten a single boost.
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ μΆ”κ°€ 접쒅을 ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ λ°±μ‹  μ ‘μ’…μž μ „μ²΄μ˜ μ ˆλ°˜λ°–μ— μ•ˆλ˜μ£ .
03:40
And as a nation,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ κ΅­κ°€ μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ 보면
03:42
we lag behind other developed countries
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 개발 도상ꡭ듀,
03:45
and even some low- and middle-income countries
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심지어 λͺ‡λͺ‡ 후진ꡭ, 쀑진ꡭ보닀도 더 λ’€μ²˜μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
in the level of vaccinations that we've been able to implement.
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λ°±μ‹  μ ‘μ’…λ₯  μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œμš”.
03:53
So if you want to look it that way, we have a lot of work to do,
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이런 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ 보고 μ‹ΆμœΌμ‹œλ‹€λ©΄, 우린 아직 갈 길이 λ©‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
and that's exactly what the President said.
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그리고 이게 λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ΄ ν•˜μ‹  말씀이기도 ν•˜κ³ μš”.
03:59
DB: So speaking of vaccines, what's your advice?
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DB: κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ°±μ‹  μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ μ‘°μ–Έν•΄μ£Όμ‹€ λ‚΄μš©μ΄ μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
04:02
I know we have the bivalent available now.
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ν˜„μž¬ 2κ°€ 백신이 κ°œλ°œλλ‹€κ³  λ“€μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
04:06
What is your advice on which vaccines to get
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μ–΄λ–€ 백신을 μ–Έμ œ 맞으면 μ’‹μ„κΉŒμš”?
04:08
and when that's appropriate?
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04:11
AF: Well, first, you've got to get your primary series.
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AF: 자, 일단 1μ°¨ 접쒅을 λ°›μœΌμ…”μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.
04:13
So, I mean, that's the one where I said only 67 percent
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λ°±μ‹  μ ‘μ’…λ₯  67%라고 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦° 것이
04:18
of the country has gotten their primary series,
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1μ°¨ μ ‘μ’… μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
which for the most part,
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ˜ˆμ™Έλ₯Ό μ œμ™Έν•œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€
04:22
with some exceptions,
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04:23
is an mRNA vaccine, either Moderna or Pfizer,
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λͺ¨λ”λ‚˜ λ˜λŠ” ν™”μ΄μžμ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“  μ— μ•Œμ—”μ—μ΄ λ°±μ‹ μœΌλ‘œ,
04:27
given anywhere from three to four weeks apart as the primary.
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1μ°¨ 접쒅은 3-4μ£Ό κ°„κ²©μœΌλ‘œ μ•„λ¬΄λ°μ„œλ‚˜ 받을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
Then the issue is about giving people booster shots.
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ μΆ”κ°€ 접쒅을 μ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:36
So right now,
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μ§€κΈˆμœΌλ‘œμ„ ,
04:37
if you're asking a clear question,
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μ •ν™•νžˆ μ˜€λŠ˜μ„ κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λ©΄
04:39
of today,
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04:41
with the bivalent BA.4-5 boosters
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2κ°€ 비에이 4-5 λΆ€μŠ€ν„°λŠ”,
04:45
or updated vaccines is a better terminology to use,
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μ—…λ°μ΄νŠΈλœ 백신이라고 ν•˜λŠ” 게 더 λ‚˜μ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆκ² λ„€μš”,
04:50
they are available now throughout the country.
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이 백신은 λ―Έκ΅­ μ „μ—­μ—μ„œ λ§žμœΌμ‹€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:53
We've ordered 171 million doses.
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1μ–΅ 7천개의 백신을 μ£Όλ¬Έν•΄λ’€μ–΄μš”.
04:57
Who should get it?
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λˆ„κ°€ λ§žμ•„μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
04:59
Anyone who is vaccinated with the primary series
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1μ°¨ 접쒅을 ν•˜κ³  λ‚˜μ„œ
05:05
and has not received a shot
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μΆ”κ°€ 접쒅을 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€μ§€
05:09
longer than two months ago
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두 달이 μ§€λ‚˜μ‹  뢄은 λˆ„κ΅¬λ“ μ§€
05:12
should get it.
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μΆ”κ°€ 접쒅이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
So if I got my last shot,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 백신을
05:16
let’s say in July -- August, September,
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7월에 λ§žμ•˜λ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ©΄,
8μ›”, 9월이 μ§€λ‚˜κ³ 
05:20
two months later, you should get the bivalent.
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두 달 λ’€μ—” 2κ°€ 백신을 λ§žμœΌμ…”μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
05:23
If you were infected three months or more ago,
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λ§Œμ•½ 석 달 λ˜λŠ” κ·Έ 전에 감염이 λ˜μ…¨λ‹€λ©΄
05:29
you should then get the updated vaccine.
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μ—…λ°μ΄νŠΈλœ 백신을 λ§žμœΌμ…”μ•Ό ν•˜κ³ μš”.
05:32
Let me give you an example for clarity for the audience.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 이해λ₯Ό 돕기 μœ„ν•΄ 예λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜ λ“€μ–΄ λ³Όκ²Œμš”.
05:35
I was infected in the end of June of this year,
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μ €λŠ” μ˜¬ν•΄ 6μ›” λμžλ½μ— μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜μ— κ°μ—ΌλμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:40
even though I had been vaccinated.
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λ°±μ‹  접쒅을 ν–ˆλŠ”λ°λ„μš”.
05:42
Fortunately, because I was vaccinated,
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λ‹€ν–‰νžˆ, μ €λŠ” 접쒅을 λ°›μ•˜κΈ°μ—
05:46
I had a relatively mild illness.
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μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ 증상이 κ²½λ―Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:48
At my age, had I not been vaccinated,
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제 λ‚˜μ΄μ—”, λ°±μ‹  접쒅을 ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄
05:52
the chances are I could have had a real severe outcome
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ꡉμž₯히 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 증상이 μžˆμ—ˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
05:56
because elderly are more prone to get severity of disease.
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λ‚˜μ΄κ°€ 많이 λ“€μˆ˜λ‘ λ³‘μ˜ 증세가 λ‚˜λΉ μ§€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
06:02
So if you take the end of June,
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6μ›” 말에 κ±Έλ Έλ‹€λ©΄
06:04
take the end of July, the end of August,
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7μ›” 말, 8μ›” 말 그리고 9μ›” 말이 되겠죠.
06:08
the end of September.
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06:09
I plan to get my updated BA.4-5 bivalent
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μ €λŠ” μ—…λ°μ΄νŠΈλœ BA.4-5 2κ°€ 백신을
06:15
at the end of September, the first week in October.
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9μ›” λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ£Ό λ˜λŠ” 10μ›” 첫 주에 맞기둜 μ˜ˆμ•½μ„ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜μ£ .
06:19
DB: I think that’s a very useful advice, and actually I will be doing the same.
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DB: ꡉμž₯히 쒋은 μ‘°μ–Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 저도 κ·Έ μ‘°μ–ΈλŒ€λ‘œ 백신을 λ§žμ•„μ•Όκ² μ–΄μš”.
06:26
How are you personally navigating this stage in the pandemic?
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μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜ μ‹œλŒ€μ— κ°œμΈμ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λŒ€μ²˜ν•˜κ³  κ³„μ‹ κ°€μš”?
06:30
What precautions are you taking, if any?
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μ·¨ν•˜κ³  계신 μ‘°μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–€ 것이 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
06:33
AF: Well, I certainly continue to take precautions.
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AF: λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ 쑰치λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•˜κ³  있죠.
06:36
And I think it's important that you ask me personally that question,
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제게 개인적으둜 여쭀보신 게 정말 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°λΌμš”.
06:39
because people have different levels of risk of severity of disease.
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λ³‘μ˜ 심각도와 μœ„ν—˜λ„κ°€ μ‚¬λžŒλ§ˆλ‹€ λ‹€λ₯΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
06:44
I am a person who is relatively healthy,
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μ €λŠ” μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ κ±΄κ°•ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ§€λ§Œ
06:48
but I'm at an elderly age.
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λ‚˜μ΄κ°€ μ’€ 많죠.
06:50
I'm 81 years old.
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μ €λŠ” μ—¬λ“ ν•œ μ‚΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:51
I'm going to be 82 in December.
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이번 12월이면 여든두 살이 λΌμš”.
06:54
So I, statistically, would have more of a risk.
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ν†΅κ³„ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ„ν—˜λ„κ°€ 더 λ†’μ£ .
06:58
So the precautions I take,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ μ·¨ν•˜λŠ” μ‘°μΉ˜λŠ”
07:00
I stay up to date on my vaccinations, number one.
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첫째둜, 백신을 μ œλ•Œ μ ‘μ’… λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:04
And when I go to a place that's a congregate indoor setting
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그리고 μ‹€λ‚΄ λͺ¨μž„에 참석해야 ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
07:09
where there are a lot of people
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μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 많이 λͺ¨μΌ 텐데 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 감염 μƒνƒœλ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ³ 
07:10
and I don't know the status of their infection,
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07:15
their vaccination or what have you,
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λ°±μ‹  μ ‘μ’… μƒνƒœλ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” μƒν™©μ΄λ‹ˆ
07:17
I would, for the most part, wear a mask.
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μ €λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 마슀크λ₯Ό μ“Έ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
When I'm with people who I know what their status is,
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λ§Œμ•½ 감염 λ˜λŠ” μ ‘μ’… μƒνƒœλ₯Ό μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό 있고
07:22
people who are recently vaccinated
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그뢄듀이 μ΅œκ·Όμ— λ°±μ‹  접쒅을 ν–ˆκ±°λ‚˜
07:24
or people who come in and test before they come in,
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λ“€μ–΄μ˜€κΈ° μ „ 검사λ₯Ό ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄
07:28
I could have a dinner in my home or in the home of a friend
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μ €λŠ” 제 μ§‘μ΄λ‚˜ λ™λ£Œμ˜ μ§‘μ—μ„œ λ§˜λ†“κ³  저녁을 같이 먹을 수 있겠죠.
07:30
without any concern.
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07:33
But if I go to crowded places, certainly on an airplane,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°μ²˜λŸΌ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λ§Žμ€ 곳에 갈 땐,
07:37
even though it isn't required any more,
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의무 사항이 μ•„λ‹ˆλ”λΌλ„,
07:40
if I go on a prolonged or even a short airplane trip,
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λΉ„ν–‰ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ κΈΈλ“  짧든 상관 없이,
07:44
again, because of my increased risk as an elderly person,
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œλ²ˆ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬μ§€λ§Œ, λ‚˜μ΄κ°€ λ“€λ©΄μ„œ μœ„ν—˜λ„κ°€ λ†’μ•„μ‘ŒκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
07:49
I wear a mask on the plane.
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μ €λŠ” 마슀크λ₯Ό μ“Έ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:52
DB: So switching gears a little bit, or taking a step back,
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DB: λ‹€λ₯Έ 주제둜 λ„˜μ–΄κ°€ 보자면, λ˜λŠ” ν•œ 발 λ’€λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€ 보자면,
07:56
are consecutive pandemics kind of our new reality?
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연이은 전염병이 우리의 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν˜„μ‹€μΌκΉŒμš”?
08:00
We obviously had the monkeypox outbreak.
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— μ›μˆ­μ΄λ‘μ°½ 전염병이 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
08:04
And if that is the case,
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이런 κ²½μš°μ—”,
08:05
how do we cope with consecutive pandemics?
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연이은 전염병에 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λŒ€μ²˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
08:09
AF: Well, you know, we have had,
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AF: μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ„ μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό,
08:12
probably without the general public noticing it much,
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‹œλ―ΌλΆ„λ“€μ€ μžκ°ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  계싀 ν…Œμ§€λ§Œ
08:17
we have had, in the history of our civilization,
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λ¬Έλͺ…ν™”μ˜ 역사 μ†μ—μ„œ
08:22
outbreaks of emerging infections,
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λͺ‡ 번의 감염이 λ°œμƒν–ˆμ—ˆκ³ 
08:25
some of which turn into pandemics.
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κ·Έ 쀑 μΌλΆ€λŠ” μ „μ—Όλ³‘μœΌλ‘œ λ°œμ „ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:29
We've had them before recorded history.
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역사가 기둝되기 μ „λΆ€ν„° κ·Έλž¬μ—ˆμ£ .
08:32
We've had them in the lifetime of some of us, you and I.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό μ œκ°€ μ‚΄λ©΄μ„œ 그쀑 λͺ‡ κ°œλŠ” 직접 κ²ͺμ–΄λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:37
We're going through one right now.
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μ§€κΈˆλ„ ν•˜λ‚˜ κ²ͺκ³  μžˆκ³ μš”.
08:40
So given the fact that most of the outbreaks of new infections
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ°μ—Όλ³‘μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄
08:45
come from the animal-human interface,
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동물과 μΈκ°„μ˜ μ ‘μ΄‰μœΌλ‘œ λ°œμƒν•œλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 놓고 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
08:50
which is sometimes intruded upon, as it were,
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가끔은 β€˜μΉ¨νˆ¬β€™λ‘œ λ°œμƒλ˜μ£ .
08:55
where people, either by climate change or by intruding on forests,
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이λ₯Όν…Œλ©΄ 인간이 κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”λ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 이유둜
09:03
β€œuninhabited by human” places in the world,
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숲 같은, 인간이 μ›λž˜ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ˜ κ³³λ“€λ‘œ μΉ¨λ²”ν•˜κ³ 
09:07
you’re going to get jumping of species.
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κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό μ’… κ°„μ˜ 전염이 μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:09
Or in markets where you put animals from the wild
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ν˜Ήμ€ 야생 동물을 인간과 μ ‘μ΄‰μ‹œν‚€λŠ” μ‹œμž₯도 있죠.
09:13
in contact with humans,
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09:14
which is exactly what happened with SARS-CoV-1
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μ •ν™•νžˆ μ‚¬μŠ€ λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€ μ‚¬νƒœ λ•Œ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λ˜ 일이고,
09:18
and highly likely happened with SARS-CoV-2.
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μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜ 창ꢐ λ‹Ήμ‹œ 일어났을 κ°€λŠ₯성도 맀우 λ†’μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:22
We will continue to get outbreaks.
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전염병은 κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ λ°œλ°œν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:24
Pandemic flu generally comes from a situation
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일반적으둜 독감이 λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” 상황은
09:29
where you have the animal species that harbor influenza,
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돼지, 야생 μ‘°λ₯˜, μƒˆ, 그리고 인간 λ“±
09:33
pigs, fowl,
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μΈν”Œλ£¨μ—”μž λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λ₯Ό μ§€λ‹Œ 동물을
09:36
birds and humans together in that environment.
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ν•œ 곳에 λͺ¨μ•„λ†“μ•˜μ„ λ•Œ μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:39
That's how you get the bird flu that tend to challenge us a fair amount
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ μœ„ν—˜ν•œ μ‘°λ₯˜ 독감도 이런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ°œμƒν•΄μš”.
09:44
or the swine flu.
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돼지 독감도 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ£ .
09:47
So the short answer to your question, David,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ°μ΄λΉ„λ“œ μ”¨μ˜ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 짧은 닡변을 ν•΄λ“œλ¦¬μžλ©΄
09:49
is that we will continue to get outbreaks of new infections.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 감염은 κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ λ°œμƒν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:54
The critical issue is how do you prevent them from becoming pandemics?
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κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ „μ—Όλ³‘μœΌλ‘œ λ°œμ „ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ²Œ λ§‰λŠ” 것이죠.
10:01
And that's what's called pandemic preparedness,
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전염병 쀀비라고도 λΆˆλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:04
which is a combination of scientific preparedness,
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전염병 μ€€λΉ„λΌλŠ” 건 μ–΄λ–€ 과학적인 쀀비와,
10:09
like we did with the rapid development of vaccines for COVID-19,
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이λ₯Όν…Œλ©΄ μ‹ μ†ν•œ λ°±μ‹  개발 같은 과학적 μ€€λΉ„λ₯Ό λ§ν•˜μ£ .
10:15
which was a highly successful scientific endeavor,
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μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό λ°±μ‹  κ°œλ°œμ€ ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ μ„±κ³Όμ˜€μ–΄μš”.
10:20
matched with a public health response,
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그런 μ–΄λ–€ 과학적 쀀비와 곡쀑 보건 λŒ€μ±…μ˜ μ‘°ν•©μ΄μ—μš”.
10:24
which we didn't do as well, in the public health response,
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곡쀑 보건 λŒ€μ±…μ˜ κ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ 따지면 사싀 성곡적이지 λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:27
because we had spread of infection
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감염을 κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ 퍼뜨렸죠.
10:31
in a way that we could have done better in controlling it.
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더 잘 ν†΅μ œν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°λ„μš”.
10:35
DB: So speaking of that, this is not your first epidemic,
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DB: 이 말이 λ‚˜μ˜¨ 김에, λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜κ»˜ μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜κ°€ 첫 μœ ν–‰λ³‘μ€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
10:39
but you've made historic contributions to the AIDS epidemic
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μ—μ΄μ¦ˆ 전염병과 μ§€κΈˆμ€ μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜κΉŒμ§€
10:44
and now COVID-19.
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λ§Žμ€ κΈ°μ—¬λ₯Ό ν•˜μ…¨μž–μ•„μš”.
10:46
But is there anything you wish you had done differently in those cases?
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λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ λŒ€μ²˜ν–ˆμœΌλ©΄ μ’‹μ•˜κ² λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλŠ” 뢀뢄듀은 μ—†μœΌμ…¨λ‚˜μš”?
10:51
AF: Well, there always is.
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AF: 항상 있죠.
10:53
I mean, it's a question of when you're involved --
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μ œκ°€ μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ κ΄€μ—¬ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œμ˜ λ¬Έμ œλ‹ˆκΉŒ...
10:55
Nobody is perfect, certainly not I or any of my colleagues.
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μ™„λ²½ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ—†μ–΄μš”. 저도, 제 λ™κΈ°λ„μš”.
11:00
But when you're dealing with an emerging,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ „μ—Όλ³‘μ˜ μ •μ˜μ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•œ
11:04
moving, dynamic target,
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— μƒκ²¨λ‚œ, μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ”, 역동적인
11:07
which by definition is what a pandemic is,
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λŒ€μƒμ„ λŒ€μ²˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 상황엔
11:10
particularly if it's with a pathogen that you've never had experience with,
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특히 ν•œ λ²ˆλ„ λ³Έ 적 μ—†λŠ” 병원균일 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ”μš”,
11:16
like HIV in the very early 1980s,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ, 1980년도 초반 HIV,
11:21
or the COVID-19 pandemic
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λ˜λŠ” 2020λ…„ 첫 λͺ‡ λ‹¬μ˜
11:24
in the first months of 2020,
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μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜ 전염병 같은 경우 말이죠,
11:28
you could always say,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 늘 ν•˜λŠ” λ§μ΄μ§€λ§Œ,
11:29
if we knew then what we know now,
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μ§€κΈˆ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” 사싀을 κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—λ„ μ•Œμ•˜λ”λΌλ©΄.
11:32
and there was a lot of things that we didn't know,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—” λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” 것듀이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§Žμ•˜μ£ ,
11:35
we certainly would have done things differently.
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μ•Œμ•˜λ”λΌλ©΄ ν™•μ‹€νžˆ λŒ€μ²˜λ₯Ό λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ ν–ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:39
And that's why you have to be humble and modest
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 항상 겸손해야 ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ μ˜ˆμš”.
11:42
to realize if you are going to be following the science,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜μ„œ 과학을 μ’‡μœΌμ‹€ 거라면,
11:47
the science which gives you data and information and evidence
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ 데이터, 정보, 그리고 증거λ₯Ό μ£ΌλŠ” 과학은
11:53
is going to change,
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항상 λ°”λ€” κ±°λž€ κ±Έ κΌ­ μ•„μ…”μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:55
particularly in the early phases of the outbreak.
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특히 μœ ν–‰λ³‘ 발발 μ΄ˆκΈ°μ—λŠ” 더 κ·Έλ ‡μ£ .
11:59
Did we know how easily it was spread from human to human?
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μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό μ‚¬λžŒ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 전염이 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ‰¬μšΈ κ±°λž€ κ±Έ μ•Œμ•˜λ‚˜μš”?
12:03
No.
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μ•„λ‹ˆμš”.
12:04
Did we know that it was aerosol spread?
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곡기 μ „μ—Όμ΄λž€ κ±Έ μ•Œμ•˜λ‚˜μš”?
12:07
No.
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μ•„λ‹ˆμš”.
12:08
We thought in the beginning it was like influenza,
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μ΄ˆλ°˜μ—” 독감 같을 거라 μ˜ˆμƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:11
mostly droplets from a sick person.
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ν™˜μžμ˜ λΆ„λΉ„λ¬Όλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 전염이 λœλ‹€κ³  λ―Ώμ—ˆμ£ .
12:13
Did we know that 50 to 60 percent of the transmissions
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μ „μ—Όμ˜ 50-60%κ°€ 무증상 ν™˜μžλ‘œλΆ€ν„°
12:18
were [from] someone who had no symptoms at all,
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λ°œμƒλœλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 μ•Œμ•˜λ‚˜μš”?
12:22
which clearly impacts how you approach an outbreak?
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이 μœ ν–‰λ³‘μ˜ μ ‘κ·Ό λ°©ν–₯을 ν™•μ‹€νžˆ λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 사싀이죠.
12:27
Did we realize that instead of the typical outbreak, where it goes up,
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ν™•μ§„μž μˆ˜κ°€ λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚œ λ‹€μŒ λ‹€μ‹œ 떨어지고
12:31
it comes down and then you're done with it,
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끝이 λ‚˜λŠ” λ³΄ν†΅μ˜ 전염병이 μ•„λ‹Œ
12:34
we had no concept that you'd be seeing different waves
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λ‹€λ₯Έ νŒ¨ν„΄, 그리고 변이λ₯Ό
12:38
and different variants that came along.
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보게 될 κ±°λž€ 것도 우린 λͺ°λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:40
So the answer to your question,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ°μ΄λΉ„λ“œ μ”¨μ˜ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ 닡변은
12:42
if we knew all of that from the beginning,
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λͺ¨λ“  κ±Έ μ²˜μŒλΆ€ν„° μ•Œμ•˜λ‹€λ©΄
12:45
we certainly would have done things differently.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ λŒ€μ²˜λ₯Ό λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ ν–ˆμ„ κ±°λž€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:48
But unfortunately we didn't.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λΆˆν–‰νžˆλ„ λ‹€ μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ£ .
12:50
And you try to be flexible enough and humble enough
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μœ λ™μ„± 있게, 그리고 κ²Έμ†ν•˜κ²Œ
12:54
to change and modify how you approach things
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졜근 데이터에 맞게 μ ‘κ·Ό 방식을 λ°”κΎΈλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:58
based on the recent data.
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13:00
That’s not flip-flopping.
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λ‹¨μˆœ 변덕이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”.
13:03
That is truly following the evidence and following the data.
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μ§„μ •ν•˜κ²Œ 증거와 데이터λ₯Ό λ”°λΌκ°€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:08
DB: Right, that's just how science works,
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DB: λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, 이것이 과학이죠.
13:10
it's constantly updating
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κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ λ°”λ€Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:12
and especially in a real-time situation like this pandemic.
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특히 이번 전염병 같은 μ‹€μ œ μƒν™©μ—μ„œμš”.
13:17
But are there any, I don't know, specific regrets you have,
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μ§€κΈˆμ΄λΌλ„ 되돌리고 싢은
13:21
something you would take back if you could?
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νŠΉλ³„νžˆ ν›„νšŒλ˜λŠ” 일이 μžˆμœΌμ‹ κ°€μš”?
13:24
AF: Well, it depends.
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AF: 음, 상황에 따라 λ‹¬λΌμ§ˆ 것 κ°™λ„€μš”.
13:26
Yeah, I mean, obviously in the beginning when we were under the impression,
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μ΄ˆλ°˜μ—” 정말 λ§Žμ€ μ˜€ν•΄κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
13:30
or didn't fully realize that there was aerosol spread,
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곡기 전염이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것도 μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ—ˆμ£ .
13:35
we were under the impression, which was true,
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λͺ…λ°±ν•œ μ‚¬μ‹€μ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°λ„ 우린 잘λͺ»λœ κ±Έ λ―Ώκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
13:38
because we were told that,
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μ˜λ£ŒμΈλ“€μ΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ§ˆμŠ€ν¬κ°€
13:40
that there weren’t enough masks for the health care providers.
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μΆ©λΆ„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ λ“€μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
13:43
And if we started everybody hoarding masks,
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그리고 λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 마슀크λ₯Ό λΉ„μΆ•ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄,
13:46
there wouldn't be masks available to the health care providers.
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μ˜λ£ŒμΈλ“€μ΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ§ˆμŠ€ν¬κ°€ 남지 μ•Šκ²Œ 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:51
We didn't realize that out of the health care setting,
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μ €ν¬λŠ” 그런 의료 상황, 병원 같은 ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ
13:54
like the hospital setting,
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13:56
that masks were effective in preventing acquisition and transmission.
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λ§ˆμŠ€ν¬κ°€ 전염을 λ§‰μ•„μ£ΌλŠ” νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:01
We didn't know that.
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μ „ν˜€ λͺ°λžμ–΄μš”.
14:02
We know it now for sure, but we didn't know it then.
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, κ·Έλ•ŒλŠ” μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:05
We didn't know that the silent spread from people who were without symptoms.
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무증상 ν™˜μžλ“€μ˜ μˆ¨μ€ 전염도 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
14:12
And that meant we didn't know that, while we were looking for sick people,
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μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆκΈ°μ— μ €ν¬λŠ” 증상이 μžˆλŠ” λΆ„λ“€λ§Œ μ°Ύμ•„λ‹€λ…”μ£ .
14:17
there were many, many, many more people without symptoms that were in society
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훨씬 λ§Žμ€ 무증상 κ°μ—Όμžλ“€μ΄
14:22
spreading the infection
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μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ 감염을 νΌλœ¨λ¦°λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ λͺ¨λ₯Έ μ±„λ‘œμš”.
14:24
in a way that was not detectable, below the radar screen.
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λ ˆμ΄λ” μ•„λž˜μ—μ„œ, 감지할 수 μ—†λŠ” λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œμš”.
14:28
Had we known that,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ•Œμ•˜λ”λΌλ©΄
14:29
I absolutely would have said right from the beginning,
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μ²˜μŒλΆ€ν„° μ¦‰μ‹œ 말씀을 λ“œλ Έμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:32
everybody wear a mask all the time in an indoor setting.
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싀내에선 λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 마슀크λ₯Ό 써야 ν•œλ‹€κ³ μš”.
14:36
But we didn't say that then.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—” κ·Έ 말을 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
14:37
It was only when it became obvious.
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κ·Έ 사싀이 확싀해진 후에야 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:39
So if we had known that early on,
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μ΄ˆκΈ°μ— 이 사싀을 μ•Œμ•˜λ‹€λ©΄,
14:42
we would have told people to wear a mask.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 마슀크λ₯Ό 쓰라고 λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ λ§ν–ˆμ„ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
14:44
However, I must say, David,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ°μ΄λΉ„λ“œ 씨, 이 말을 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  것 κ°™μ•„μš”.
14:46
given the reluctance of people to wear masks,
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λͺ¨λ“  사싀이 λ°ν˜€μ§„ μ§€κΈˆλ„
14:50
even now that we know all that stuff,
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마슀크 μ“°κΈ°λ₯Ό κΊΌλ €ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆλŠ”λ°
14:53
I'm wondering how well that would have been received
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기둝된 κ°μ—Όμžκ°€ μ—΄ λͺ… λ‚¨μ§“ν–ˆλ˜ κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ˜€λ‹€λ©΄
14:58
if at a time when there were ten or so documented infections,
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μ €ν¬μ˜ 말이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 잘 λ°›μ•„λ“€μ—¬μ‘Œμ„κΉŒ μ‹Άμ–΄μš”.
15:03
if you told the country that everybody should wear a mask in an indoor setting,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ œκ°€ κ³΅μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ‹€λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 마슀크λ₯Ό μ°©μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄μš”.
15:08
not so sure that would have been broadly accepted.
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μ „μ²΄μ μœΌλ‘œ λ°›μ•„λ“€μ—¬μ‘Œμ„ 거라곀 μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ² λ„€μš”.
15:12
DB: Yeah. And this seems to be something that,
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DB: λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:15
the United States anyway, has been through before,
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미ꡭ이 슀페인 독감을 κ±°μΉ˜λ©΄μ„œ
15:17
with the Spanish flu
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λ˜‘κ°™μ΄ 거쳀던 일이기도 ν•˜μ£ .
15:19
and masking and then anti-mask protests.
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마슀크 착용과 마슀크 λ°˜λŒ€ μ‹œμœ„ λ§μ΄μ—μš”.
15:22
And it seems to be in our, let's say,
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전염병에 λŒ€ν•œ, λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄,
15:25
societal immune response to these pandemics.
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β€˜μ‚¬νšŒμ μΈ λ©΄μ—­ λ°˜μ‘β€™μΈ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:28
Flipping it a little bit,
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쑰금 λ‹€λ₯Έ 주제둜 λ„˜μ–΄κ°€μžλ©΄,
15:30
how do we make sure we're not caught so, sort of, unprepared next time?
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λ‹€μŒ 전염병 땐 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ€€λΉ„κ°€ μ•ˆ 된 상황이 λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 방법이 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
15:36
AF: Well, you know, it's interesting, David,
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AF: λ°μ΄λΉ„λ“œ 씨도 μ•Œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, ꡉμž₯히 ν₯미둜운 μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:38
what you mean by unprepared,
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β€œμ€€λΉ„κ°€ μ•ˆ λœβ€œμ˜ λœ»μ„ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
15:40
because the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health
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쑴슀 ν™‰ν‚¨μŠ€ 곡쀑 보건 λŒ€ν•™μ΄
15:44
evaluated different countries' preparedness for a pandemic.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ˜ 전염병에 λŒ€ν•œ 쀀비도λ₯Ό ν‰κ°€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:49
And guess who was evaluated to be first in the world?
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세계 1등은 λˆ„κ΅¬μ˜€μ„κΉŒμš”?
15:53
The United States of America.
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λ°”λ‘œ λ―Έκ΅­μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:55
Guess who has the most deaths per population?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 인ꡬ λŒ€λΉ„ 사망λ₯ μ΄ κ°€μž₯ 높은 λ‚˜λΌλŠ” μ–΄λ””μ˜€μ„κΉŒμš”?
15:59
The United States of America.
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λ―Έκ΅­μ΄μ—μš”.
16:02
So, you know, there's preparedness,
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μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, 쀀비도가 있고,
16:04
and there's response,
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그에 λŒ€ν•œ λ°˜μ‘μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:05
there's execution of your preparedness plans
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그리고 μ€€λΉ„λœ κ³„νšμ˜ 싀행도 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
16:10
that we did not do so well
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬ 볡합적인 이유둜
16:12
for any of a number of complicated reasons,
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μž˜ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ 뢀뢄이죠.
16:15
one of which was the fact,
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κ·Έ 이유 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
16:18
and is, that this outbreak occurred
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μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜ 창ꢐ이 μ‹œμž‘λœ μ‹œκΈ°κ°€
16:22
at a time of really profound and deep divisiveness in our own country.
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우리 λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ 깊고 μ‹¬μ˜€ν•œ 뢄열이 μžˆμ—ˆμ„ λ•Œμ˜€λ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:28
That where we had something we hadn't seen before,
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ν•œ λ²ˆλ„ κ²½ν—˜ν•΄λ³΄μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ 상황이 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ ,
16:32
where political ideology played a role in whether you did or did not accept
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ꢌ유된 곡쀑 보건 λŒ€μ±…μ˜ 수용 μ—¬λΆ€κ°€
16:38
the recommended public health countermeasures,
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μ •μΉ˜μ  신념에 따라 λ‚˜λ‰˜λŠ” μƒν™©κΉŒμ§€λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:41
be it wearing a mask,
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마슀크 착용,
16:44
indoor settings, quarantining, taking a vaccine, getting a boost.
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μ‹€λ‚΄ λŒ€μ±…, μžκ°€κ²©λ¦¬, λ°±μ‹  μ ‘μ’…κ³Ό μΆ”κ°€ μ ‘μ’… 같은 μ •μ±…λ“€ 말이죠.
16:50
If you look at the country
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 이 λ‚˜λΌμ˜
16:53
and look at the demography of the country with regard to ideology,
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신념에 λ”°λ₯Έ 인ꡬ 톡계λ₯Ό λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄
16:59
there should never be that red states vaccinate much less than blue states.
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보수 μ£Όκ°€ 진보 주보닀 λ°±μ‹  μ ‘μ’…λ₯ μ΄ 높은 κ²½μš°λŠ” μ ˆλŒ€ μ—†μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:05
There's no reason for that at all because public health risks
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그런 건 λͺ¨λ‘ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μ—†μ–΄μš”.
λͺ¨λ“  곡쀑 보건 μœ„ν—˜λ„μ™€ μ‹œν–‰μ€ μ „κ΅­ λͺ¨λ“  곳이 κ°™μ•„μ•Ό ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
17:10
and public health implementation should be uniform throughout.
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17:15
And we didn't see that.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것을 μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:17
DB: Yeah, let's talk about that a little bit more
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DB: λ„€, 이 μ£Όμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 쑰금 더 μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό 해보죠.
17:20
because obviously, you've had to cope with an incredibly polarized response
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λͺ…λ°±ν•˜κ²Œλ„, λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜μ˜ 연ꡬ에 λŒ€ν•œ λ°˜μ‘μ΄ μ‹¬ν•˜κ²Œ μ–‘κ·Ήν™” λ˜μ–΄μ„œ
17:24
to your work
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거기에 λŒ€μ²˜ν•˜μ…”μ•Ό ν–ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
17:26
in which not just ordinary citizens,
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일반 μ‹œλ―Όλ“€λΏ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 심지어 μ •μΉ˜μΈλ“€κΉŒμ§€λ„
17:29
but even politicians have called for your resignation
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λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜μ˜ 사직과 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지λ₯Ό μš”κ΅¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:33
and various other things.
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17:35
How do you deal with that, how do you keep your cool?
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여기에 λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ μ‹œμ›μ‹œμ›ν•˜κ²Œ λŒ€μ²˜ν•˜μ…¨μ£ ?
17:37
You're quite cool about this.
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17:39
AF: Well, calling for your resignation is mild
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AF: 제 사직을 λ°”λΌλŠ” 건
17:41
compared to having somebody arrested
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μ €λ₯Ό 죽이렀고 ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ²΄ν¬ν•œ 것 λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” λ‚«μ£ .
17:43
who was trying to kill you.
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17:45
So, I mean,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜λ©΄
17:46
there's a big spectrum of pushing back against public health people.
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곡쀑 보건인에 λŒ€ν•œ λ°˜λ°œμ€ 큰 μŠ€νŽ™νŠΈλŸΌμ΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:51
And that's one of the really unfortunate things.
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λΆˆν–‰ν•œ 일이죠.
17:54
I mean, I keep my cool because that's just the nature
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μ €λΌλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 본성이 이렇기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
17:59
of the kind of person that I am.
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μ‹œμ›μ‹œμ›ν•˜κ²Œ λŒ€μ²˜ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 것 κ°™λ„€μš”.
18:01
When you're dealing with a very, very difficult situation,
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μ–΄λ €μš΄ 상황에 λŒ€μ²˜λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  κ³„μ‹œλ‹€λ©΄
18:04
you've got to keep your cool.
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λŒ€λ‹΄ν•˜κ²Œ 버티셔야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:05
I mean, I learned that in my early training in medicine.
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μ €λŠ” 이걸 μ˜λŒ€ μ΄ˆκΈ°μ— λ°°μ› μ–΄μš”.
18:08
When you're in the middle of emergency, somebody is dying in front of you,
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응급 상황 쀑간에 μžˆκ±°λ‚˜, λ°”λ‘œ μ•žμ— μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ£½μ–΄κ°ˆ λ•Œ
18:12
you've got to keep your cool all the time.
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항상 ν₯λΆ„ν•˜μ§€ 말아야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:15
And that's something that's just part of my inherent training
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μ˜λ£ŒμΈμœΌλ‘œμ„œ, 그리고 μ‚¬λžŒμœΌλ‘œμ„œ
18:18
as a physician and as a person.
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μ„ μ²œμ μœΌλ‘œ λ°›λŠ” ν›ˆλ ¨μ˜ μΌλΆ€μ˜€μ„ λΏμ΄μ—μš”.
18:21
But what we faced was well beyond that.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ œκ°€ λ§ˆμ£Όν•œ ν˜„μ‹€μ€ μ˜ˆμƒμ„ 훨씬 λ²—μ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:24
I mean, public health officials, not only myself, I'm a very visible one,
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저같이 λŒ€μ€‘ 맀체에 많이 λ…ΈμΆœλ˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ, 곡쀑 보건 곡무원듀,
18:29
but many of my colleagues are being threatened and hassled
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그리고 λ§Žμ€ 제 동기듀은 ν˜‘λ°•κ³Ό μž¬μ΄‰μ„ λ‹Ήν•˜κ³  있고
18:35
and harassed,
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κ³΅κ²©λ‹Ήν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:36
themselves and their families,
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본인뿐만이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ κ°€μ‘±κΉŒμ§€λ„μš”.
18:38
the way my family is being harassed,
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제 가쑱도 곡격을 λ‹Ήν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:41
merely because of saying things
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μ œκ°€ μˆœμ „νžˆ 곡쀑 보건을 μœ„ν•œ 상식과
18:44
that are purely public health, common sense,
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18:48
tried and true principles of how to keep people safe.
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μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ 지낼 수 μžˆλŠ” μ§„μ •ν•œ 원칙을 λ§ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ΄μœ λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œμš”.
18:54
That is really extraordinary that that's going on in our country.
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우리 λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” κΈ°μ΄ν•œ ν˜„μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:58
DB: Yeah.
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DB: λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:00
I'm also going to ascribe it to the Brooklyn upbringing.
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μ €λŠ” 이게 브루클린 μ–‘μœ‘μ΄ μ΄ˆλž˜ν•œ 결과라 λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:02
That gave you some cool, too.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œλ„ 담이 크신 것 κ°™μ•„μš”.
19:05
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
19:07
But a quick follow up,
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μ’€ 더 λ§λΆ™μ΄μžλ©΄,
19:08
how do you, like,
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그런 μœ„ν˜‘μ μΈ ν˜‘λ°•λ“€μ΄ μžˆμ„ λ•Œ
19:10
with all that going on, with those horrifying threats,
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19:14
how do you unwind from all this?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κΈ΄μž₯을 ν‘Έμ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
19:16
How do you, you know, keep it together
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ·Έ 상황에 λŒ€μ²˜ν•˜κ³ 
19:19
and give yourself some space to breathe?
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λ³ΈμΈμ—κ²Œ 숨 돌릴 ν‹ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“œμ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
19:22
AF: Well, I have an extraordinarily supportive family,
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AF: μ €μ—κ²ŒλŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ 지지적인 가쑱이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:26
my wife who's with me,
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저와 항상 ν•¨κ»˜ν•˜λŠ” μ•„λ‚΄,
19:28
my children are grown and live in different parts of the country.
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성인이 λ˜μ–΄ λ‚˜λΌ κ°μ§€μ—μ„œ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” 제 μžλ…€λ“€μ΄ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
19:31
But they are very supportive of me with texts and calls
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ¬Έμžμ™€ μ „ν™”λ‘œ μ €λ₯Ό 항상 μ§€μ§€ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:36
and knowing what I'm going through.
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μ œκ°€ μ–΄λ–€ 일을 κ²ͺκ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λ‹€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
19:38
So I have three daughters, which they, you know,
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저에겐 딸이 μ…‹ μžˆλŠ”λ°
19:41
they try to take care of their daddy, so it really helps.
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항상 μ•„λΉ λ₯Ό μ±™κΉλ‹ˆλ‹€. 정말 도움이 λΌμš”.
19:45
But my wife is extremely supportive, and we do things together.
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제 아내도 맀우 지지적이라 항상 λͺ¨λ“  일을 같이 ν•΄μš”.
19:48
I mean, I work a preposterous amount of hours a day,
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μ €λŠ” ν•˜λ£¨μ— 말도 μ•ˆ 될 만큼 λ§Žμ€ μ‹œκ°„μ„ μΌν•˜λŠ”λ°,
19:53
but every day I try to get some exercise in
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κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ 맀일 μ‘°κΈˆμ”© μš΄λ™μ„ ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:56
and it's usually a few mile walk with my wife,
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보톡 아내와 λͺ‡ 마일 산책을 ν•΄μš”.
20:00
whether that's on the weekends very early in the morning,
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이λ₯Έ μ•„μΉ¨ 주말이든,
20:03
or during the week late at night when I come home.
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퇴근 ν›„ λ°€ λŠ¦κ²Œλ“  산책을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:07
We try to get some form of exercise in to diffuse the tension,
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κΈ΄μž₯을 μ™„ν™”ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 항상 μš΄λ™μ„ ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•΄μš”.
20:13
hopefully every day.
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맀일 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ λ§€μΌμš”.
20:14
And we're pretty successful at that.
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그리고 거의 μ„±κ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:17
AF: Well, good for you.
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AF: 쒋은 μΌμ΄λ„€μš”.
20:19
So you're retiring after a very long and distinguished career.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이제 κΈΈκ³  νŠΉλ³„ν–ˆλ˜ μ§μ—…μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ€ν‡΄ν•˜μ‹œλŠ”κ΅°μš”.
20:23
Congratulations.
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μΆ•ν•˜λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:25
You will have successors.
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ν›„μž„λ“€μ΄ μžˆμœΌμ‹€ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
20:27
What lessons would you want to offer your successors based on your tenure?
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μž¬μž„ κΈ°κ°„ λ™μ•ˆ λŠλΌμ…¨λ˜ κ±Έ λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ ν›„μž„μžλ“€κ»˜ μ–΄λ–€ 쑰언을 λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹Άλ‚˜μš”?
20:32
AF: First of all, I’m not retiring in the classic sense.
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AF: 일단, 남듀이 ν”νžˆ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 은퇴λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” 건 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:35
As my wife, says, David,
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제 μ•„λ‚΄λŠ”
20:37
I’m β€œrewiring,” not retiring,
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μ œκ°€ 전선을 κ°€λŠ”κ±°μ§€, 은퇴λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” 건 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌκ³  λ§ν•˜μ£ .
20:41
because I do intend to be very active.
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μ œκ°€ κ½€ ν™œλ™μ μ΄κ±°λ“ μš”.
20:43
And that was one of the reasons why I stepped down
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이게 μ§€κΈˆ 이 μ‹œκΈ°μ— μžλ¦¬μ—μ„œ λ‚΄λ €μ˜¨
20:47
at this point in time.
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μ΄μœ λ“€ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:49
Because while I still have the enthusiasm,
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아직 열정이 μžˆμ„ λ•Œ,
20:52
the energy and thank goodness, the good health
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ν•˜λ‚˜λ‹˜κ»˜ κ°μ‚¬ν•˜κ²Œλ„ μ—λ„ˆμ§€κ°€ 있고 건강 μƒνƒœκ°€ 쒋을 λ•Œ
20:55
to be able to do something else for the next few years,
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그리고 ν–₯ν›„ λͺ‡ λ…„κ°„ λ‹€λ₯Έ 일을 ν•  힘이 λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμ„ λ•Œ
20:57
I want to use the benefit of my experience of being at the NIH
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κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ ν•΄ 놓은 것듀을 ν™œμš©ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄μš”.
ꡭ립 λ³΄κ±΄μ›μ—μ„œ 거의 60년을 κ·Όλ¬΄ν•œ κ²½ν—˜μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 얻은 κ²ƒλ“€μ„μš”.
21:03
for almost 60 years,
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21:04
for being the director of the Institute for 38 years,
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38λ…„κ°„μ˜ 보건원 μž„μ› κ²½λ ₯κ³Ό
21:08
and for having the privilege
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일곱 λΆ„μ˜ λ―Έκ΅­ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήκ»˜
21:10
of advising seven presidents of the United States
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곡쀑 보건 문제 κ΄€λ ¨ 쑰언을 λ“œλ Έλ˜ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ κ²½ν—˜μ„ ν™œμš©ν•΄
21:13
on public health issues,
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21:16
to use that experience to hopefully inspire by writing,
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글을 μ“°κ³ , 읽고, μ—¬ν–‰ν•˜κ³ , κ°•μ˜λ„ ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
21:20
reading, traveling, lecturing,
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21:23
inspiring the younger generation of scientists and would-be scientists
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더 μ–΄λ¦° μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ κ³Όν•™μžλ“€κ³Ό κ³Όν•™ κΏˆλ‚˜λ¬΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ˜κ°μ„ μ£Όκ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:28
to at least consider a career in public service,
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곡곡 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ 직업,
21:31
particularly in the arena of public health,
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특히 곡쀑 보건, κ³Όν•™, μ˜ν•™ λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ 직업을 고렀해보도둝 λ§μ΄μ—μš”.
21:34
and science and medicine.
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21:35
Having said that,
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이런 λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λ©΄μ„œ λ‚˜μ€‘μ— μ €λ₯Ό λŒ€μ‹ ν•˜κ²Œ 될 ν›„λ°°λ“€μ—κ²Œ
21:37
my advice to the person who will ultimately replace me
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κΌ­ ν•΄μ£Όκ³  싢은 쑰언은
21:43
would be to focus on the science
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였직 과학에 μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜κ³ ,
21:46
and be consistent with the science
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κ³Όν•™κ³Ό μΌκ΄€λœ 행동을 ν•˜λ©°,
21:48
and do not get distracted by a lot of the peripheral things,
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말초적인 κ²ƒλ“€μ΄λ‚˜ λΆ€μ •ν™•ν•œ 정보, ν—ˆμœ„ 정보에
21:54
the disinformation, the misinformation,
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ν˜„ν˜Ήλ˜μ§€ λ§λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:58
the attacks on medicine and science and public health.
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μ˜ν•™, κ³Όν•™, 그리고 곡쀑 보건에 λŒ€ν•œ 곡격이죠.
22:02
Focus like a laser beam on what your job is
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항상 μžμ‹ μ˜ 본뢄에 온 νž˜μ„ λ‹€ν•΄ μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜μ‹œκ³ ,
22:06
and don't get distracted by all the other noise that's out there
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ†Œλž€μ— 신경쓰지 λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
22:10
because there is a lot more noise now
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ λͺ‡μ‹­ λ…„ 전보닀
22:14
than there was a few decades ago.
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훨씬 μ†Œλž€μ΄ 많기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—μš”.
22:16
And by noise, I mean misinformation and disinformation about science.
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μ œκ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ” μ†Œλž€μ€ 과학에 λŒ€ν•œ 잘λͺ»λœ 정보와 ν—ˆμœ„ μ •λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:22
DB: For sure.
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DB: λ§žλŠ” λ§μ”€μ΄μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:23
I've definitely noticed that as the science curator.
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저도 κ³Όν•™ νλ ˆμ΄ν„°λ‘œμ„œ κ·Έ 사싀을 λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
22:26
But pivoting a bit, let's talk about hope.
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쑰금 주제λ₯Ό λŒλ €μ„œ, 희망에 κ΄€ν•œ μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό ν•΄λ³ΌκΉŒ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:30
What gives you hope about the future?
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λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜κ»˜ λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 희망을 μ£ΌλŠ” 것은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΈκ°€μš”?
22:33
Are there treatments or other things coming down the pipeline
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λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜μ„ ν₯λΆ„μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 곧 κ°œλ°œλ˜λŠ” μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ΄λ‚˜
22:38
that you're excited about?
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 것듀이 μžˆμœΌμ‹ κ°€μš”?
22:40
AF: Well, science is an absolutely phenomenal discipline.
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AF: ν™•μ‹€νžˆ 과학은 경이둜운 학문이죠.
22:47
It's discovery.
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과학은 λ°œκ²¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:49
It's ...
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λ°”λ‘œ...
22:51
brand new knowledge.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ§€μ‹μ΄μ—μš”.
22:54
Pushing back the frontiers of knowledge
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저희가 μ•Œ 거라 μ˜ˆμƒν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλ˜
22:56
that we would not have imagined we would be in.
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μ§€μ‹μ˜ 경계λ₯Ό ν—ˆλ¬΄λŠ” λŠλ‚Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:00
If you look at medicine and science,
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μ˜ν•™κ³Ό 과학이 λ³€ν™”ν•œ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ 보면 μ•Œ 수 있죠.
23:02
how it's changed in a very, very positive way
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 긍정적인 λ°©ν–₯으둜 λ³€ν™”ν•΄μ™”λŠ”μ§€λ₯Όμš”.
23:06
from the time I stepped into medical school in 1962
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μ œκ°€ μ˜λŒ€μ— λ“€μ–΄κ°”λ˜ 1962λ…„λΆ€ν„°
23:12
to the time now of the things that are available to me
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μ œκ°€ 의료인, κ³Όν•™μžλ‘œμ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 것듀이 λ§Žμ€ μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€
23:16
as a physician and as a scientist.
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λˆˆλΆ€μ‹œκ²Œ λ°œμ Όν•΄ μ™”μ–΄μš”.
23:18
I have great hope
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μ €λŠ” 큰 희망이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:20
that if we continue the investments in basic and applied science,
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기초 κ³Όν•™κ³Ό μ‘μš© 과학에 κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ νˆ¬μžν•˜λ©΄,
23:26
that we will be able to accomplish things
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건강, 개인 건강, 곡곡 건강, 그리고 μ „ 세계적 κ±΄κ°•κΉŒμ§€
23:29
in the arena of health, individual health,
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23:33
and public health and global health
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λ§Žμ€ 것을 이룰 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 희망이죠.
23:35
that were really unimaginable just decades ago.
420
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λͺ‡μ‹­ λ…„ μ „κΉŒμ§€λ§Œ 해도 상상쑰차 ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” μΌμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:39
So I have a great deal of optimism
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” λ‚™κ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ 바라보렀고 ν•΄μš”.
23:43
about what the future holds for science and medicine.
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κ³Όν•™κ³Ό μ˜ν•™μ˜ λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œμš”.
23:48
And that's the reason why one of the things I'm going to try and do
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이런 이유 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ œκ°€ μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό λ– λ‚œ 후에
23:54
in my rewired post-government life
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이런 일을 ν•˜κ³  싢은 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:58
is to encourage young individuals to consider a career in medicine,
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청년듀이 μ˜ν•™, κ³Όν•™, 그리고 곡쀑 보건 λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ 직업을 갖도둝
24:04
science and public health,
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κ²©λ €ν•˜λŠ” μΌμ„μš”.
24:06
because the opportunities are really limitless.
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κΈ°νšŒλŠ” 정말 무수히 λ§Žκ±°λ“ μš”.
24:10
We are at a stage now the likes of which people who antidated us
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€κΈˆ κ³Όν•™ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ 가지고 μžˆλŠ” 이런 κΈ°νšŒλ“€μ€
24:16
never would have imagined
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과거에 μ‚΄μ•˜λ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
24:18
the opportunities in science that we have.
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μ ˆλŒ€λ‘œ μƒμƒν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
24:21
So I'm very optimistic about where we're going.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°€κ³  μžˆλŠ” 길에 λŒ€ν•΄ 맀우 λ‚™κ΄€μ μ΄μ—μš”.
24:24
DB: Me, too.
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DB: 저도 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
24:26
But you mentioned earlier how climate change is affecting pandemics.
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λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ μ•„κΉŒ κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”κ°€ 전염병에 λΌμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜μ…¨μž–μ•„μš”.
24:30
What worries you about the future that we're facing?
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§ˆμ£Όν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λΆˆμ•ˆν•œ 점이 μžˆμœΌμ‹ κ°€μš”?
24:35
AF: Well, just some of the things that you mentioned.
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AF: μ•„κΉŒ λ°μ΄λΉ„λ“œ 씨도 μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜μ…¨λ‹€μ‹œν”Ό,
24:40
We do have a growing element of anti-science in society.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ λ°˜κ³Όν•™ μ›€μ§μž„μ΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
24:47
Disturbingly,
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μ•ˆνƒ€κΉκ²Œλ„,
24:50
growing in the United States.
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ μžλΌλ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ›€μ§μž„μ΄μ£ .
24:52
And when I talk to my colleagues internationally,
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외ꡭ에 κ±°μ£Όν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 동기듀과 λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ λ³΄λ©΄,
24:56
depending upon the country that they live in
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동기듀이 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” λ‚˜λΌμ— 따라
25:00
to a greater or lesser degree,
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λ§Žκ²Œλ“  μ κ²Œλ“  λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ‘°κΈˆμ”©μ€ λ‹€ κ²ͺκ³  μžˆλŠ” λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
25:02
there's some element of that.
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25:05
The thing that bothers me
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μ €λ₯Ό λΆˆμ•ˆν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 건
25:08
is a denial of science and what science is showing us.
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과학을 λΆ€μ •ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€, 그리고 과학이 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” κ²ƒλ“€μ΄μ—μš”.
25:13
A denial of the issues of climate and the environment,
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κΈ°ν›„ λ¬Έμ œμ™€ ν™˜κ²½μ„ λΆ€μ •ν•˜κ³ ,
25:19
a denial of scientific principles
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κ³Όν•™ 원리λ₯Ό λΆ€μ •ν•˜κ³ ,
25:21
and conspiracy theories about things that push people away.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 음λͺ¨λ‘ μ„ μ£Όμž₯ν•˜λŠ” 것듀 말이죠.
25:27
I mean, some of them are laughable,
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그쀑 λͺ‡λͺ‡μ€ μ›ƒμ–΄λ„˜κΈΈ 만 ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
25:30
but you would be astounded, David,
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λ°μ΄λΉ„λ“œ 씨, 그런 κ±Έ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ―ΏλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 수λ₯Ό μ•Œλ©΄ 놀라싀 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
25:32
at the number of people who believe it.
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25:35
That the vaccines were made by Bill Gates and I
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빌 κ²Œμ΄μΈ μ™€ μ œκ°€ 백신을 κ°œλ°œν•˜κ³  κ·Έ μ•ˆμ— 저희가 칩을 λ„£μ–΄λ†¨λŒ€μš”.
25:38
and we put a chip in it
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25:40
so that we could follow people around
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λ°±μ‹  μ ‘μ’…μžλ“€μ„ μΆ”μ ν•˜κ³ 
25:42
and know what they're doing and get into their head.
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머리에 μ ‘κ·Όν•΄ 무엇을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œ 수 μžˆκ²Œμš”.
25:46
The idea that there's a conspiracy,
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μ–΄λ–€ 음λͺ¨ 같은 게 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
25:49
that we’re making billions of dollars on vaccines,
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저희가 백신을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ„œ μˆ˜μ‹­μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό λ²Œμ–΄λ“€μ΄κ³  있고,
25:53
and that's why people are promoting vaccines,
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그것이 μ € 같은 곡인듀이 백신을 ν™λ³΄ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λΌλŠ”
25:59
so that people like me and others who are public figures ...
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그런 μ†Œλ¬Έμ΄ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:03
I mean, based on no data.
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λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ μ¦κ±°λŠ” μ—†μ£ .
26:05
But once it gets into the social media,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ†Œμ…œ 미디어에 ν•œ 번 λ…ΈμΆœλ˜λ©΄,
26:08
it explodes and conspiracy theories explode.
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κ·Έ μ†Œλ¬Έκ³Ό 음λͺ¨λ‘ μ€ ν­λ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:11
Even though all of the evidence proves it wrong,
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λͺ¨λ“  증거가 거짓이라고 λ°ν˜€μ§€λ”λΌλ„μš”.
26:15
proving something wrong today doesn't seem to matter much.
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거짓을 μž…μ¦ν•˜λŠ” 건 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—” λ³„λ‘œ μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„ λ³΄μ—¬μš”.
26:20
That's really strange and weird, isn't it, David?
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정말 μ΄μƒν•˜κ³  κΈ°μ΄ν•œ 일 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
26:23
DB: Yeah, yeah.
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DB: λ„€, λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:25
Well, it's, I think, an old phenomenon.
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μ €λŠ” λ­λž„κΉŒ, 였래된 ν˜„μƒμ΄λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”.
26:29
There's a famous saying that I'm going to mangle about
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유λͺ…ν•œ 격언을 ν•˜λ‚˜ μΈμš©ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ„€μš”.
26:32
by the time the truth gets out of the barn,
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진싀이 κ³³κ°„μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” μˆœκ°„
26:34
the lie is halfway around the world.
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거짓은 이미 지ꡬλ₯Ό 반 바퀴 λŒμ•˜λ‹€κ³ μš”.
26:37
And that's definitely the world we're living in.
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κ·Έ 격언이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€κΈˆ μ‚΄μ•„κ°€λŠ” 이 세상을 잘 ν‘œν˜„ν•˜λŠ” 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:41
I do know you have to go and, you know,
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λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜κ»˜μ„  이제 가보셔야 ν•  μ‹œκ°„μ΄ λ˜μ—ˆλ„€μš”.
26:44
finish out your tenure
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μž¬μž„ 기간도 끝내셔야 ν•˜κ³ μš”.
26:46
and then get ready for your rewiring, which I'm excited about.
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전선도 κ°€μ…”μ•Ό ν•˜κ² λ„€μš”. μ œκ°€ λ‹€ 신이 λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:49
I'm excited to see what's next.
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λ‹€μŒ 행보가 κΈ°λŒ€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:51
But do you have a last bit of advice for the public?
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ꡭ민을 μœ„ν•΄ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ ν•΄μ£Όμ‹€ 쑰언이 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
26:56
One thing you hope everyone takes away from your time as director
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λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ 곡쀑 보건의 μ±…μž„μžλ‘œ κ³„μ…¨λ˜ κ·Έ μ‹œμ ˆμ—
27:02
and your time in public health?
477
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ•Œμ•„κ°”μœΌλ©΄ ν•˜λŠ” 쑰언이 μžˆμœΌμ‹ κ°€μš”?
27:04
AF: Yeah, David, there are so many things,
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AF: μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—„μ²­ λ§Žμ•„μš”.
27:07
but I think one thing that stands out,
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κ·Έμ€‘μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ ν•œ 가지가 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
27:08
particularly in the climate and the environment
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특히 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” 기후와 ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ
27:11
that we're in right now,
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κΌ­ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 건
27:12
is that people need to get involved in a proactive way
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 적극적으둜 진싀을 νΌλœ¨λ €μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
27:18
in spreading the truth about what scientific principles are
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κ³Όν•™ 이둠이 무엇이며 그것이 μ–΄λ–€ 의미λ₯Ό κ°–λŠ”μ§€,
27:23
and what they mean
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27:24
and how they can be of great benefit to society
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그리고 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ 큰 이점이 될 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ§„μ‹€μ„μš”.
27:29
and to try and make our population more science literate than it is right now
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이런 이야기λ₯Ό 많이 ν•΄μ„œ ꡭ민듀이 μ§€κΈˆλ³΄λ‹€ 더 λ§Žμ€
27:35
by talking about things.
487
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과학적 지식을 갖도둝 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜μ£ .
27:38
The truth, you know, the easiest way
488
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μ œκ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 진싀은 μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό
27:40
to counter misinformation and disinformation
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ν—ˆμœ„ 정보와 잘λͺ»λœ 정보에 λŒ€μ‘ν•˜λŠ” κ°€μž₯ μ‰¬μš΄ 방법이죠.
27:44
is to be enthusiastic about spreading correct information.
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μ •ν™•ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό 적극적으둜 νΌλœ¨λ¦¬λŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
27:48
A little bit about the metaphor that you said about the truth and lies.
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λ°μ΄λΉ„λ“œ 씨가 λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨λ˜ 거짓과 진싀에 λŒ€ν•œ λΉ„μœ λ₯Ό 살짝 μ΄μš©ν•˜μžλ©΄,
27:53
Be spreaders of facts and truth.
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사싀과 μ§„μ‹€μ˜ μ „νŒŒμžκ°€ λ˜μ„Έμš”.
27:57
Everybody's got to be a contributor to that.
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ κΈ°μ—¬ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
28:00
And that's one of the things I think we can do better.
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이것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 일듀 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
28:03
DB: Yeah, I would agree.
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DB: λ„€, 저도 λ™μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
28:04
And we're definitely trying here at TED.
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TEDμ—μ„œ λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 뢀뢄이기도 ν•΄μš”.
28:06
Well, Dr. Fauci, I know our members are incredibly thankful,
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νŒŒμ‹œ λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜κ»˜ 저희 TED 멀버듀,
28:10
I personally am incredibly thankful.
498
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그리고 특히 μ œκ°€ 정말 κ°μ‚¬λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
28:11
So thank you so much for your work and for joining us today.
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ ν•΄μ˜€μ…¨λ˜ 일듀과 였늘 μΆœμ—° 정말 κ°μ‚¬λ“œλ €μš”.
28:16
AF: My pleasure, David, thank you so much for having me.
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AF: 별 λ§μ”€μ„μš”, μ €λ₯Ό μ΄ˆλŒ€ν•΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
28:18
[Want to join conversations like this live?]
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[이 λ°©μ†‘μ²˜λŸΌ λŒ€ν™”μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμœΌμ‹ κ°€μš”?]
28:21
[Become a TED Member!]
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[TED 멀버가 λ˜μ„Έμš”!]
28:23
[Sign up at ted.com/membership]
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[ted.com/membershipμ—μ„œ νšŒμ› κ°€μž…ν•˜μ„Έμš”.]
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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