What Seaweed and Cow Burps Have to Do with Climate Change | Ermias Kebreab | TED Countdown

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2022-03-24 ใƒป TED


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What Seaweed and Cow Burps Have to Do with Climate Change | Ermias Kebreab | TED Countdown

35,434 views ใƒป 2022-03-24

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Dahyeon Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:09
Pasture is the single largest type of land
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ชฉ์ดˆ์ง€๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ผ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฉด์ ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
on the surface of the Earth today,
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00:14
thanks to our taste for meat and dairy.
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๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€ ์œ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ ํ˜ธ ๋•๋ถ„์ด์ฃ .
00:18
Just over a quarter of all land is used for livestock.
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์ „์ฒด ์œก์ง€์˜ 25%์ด์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์ถ•์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
That's more than forests or farm fields or anything else.
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์ˆฒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋†๊ฒฝ์ง€, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋„“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
Most of that land is best for ruminants,
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๊ทธ ๋•…์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์†Œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ˜์ถ”๋™๋ฌผ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ์ตœ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
such as cows,
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00:32
that can digest high-fiber feed such as grass and straw.
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ํ’€์ด๋‚˜ ์งš ๋“ฑ ๊ณ ์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์†Œํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
00:38
However, the process by which grass and fiber is broken up
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์†Œ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ชฉ ๋ฐ˜์ถ”๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์œ„์—์„œ
00:42
in the stomachs of cows and other grazing ruminants
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๋ชฉ์ดˆ์™€ ์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ์ด ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์€
00:47
has a byproduct, methane,
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๋ฉ”ํƒ„์ด ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
a potent greenhouse gas.
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๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์˜จ์‹ค ๊ธฐ์ฒด์ด์ฃ .
00:54
Despite what you might have heard about methane and cows,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฉ”ํƒ„๊ณผ ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ,
00:57
most of the methane is actually burped out,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฉ”ํƒ„์€ ํŠธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
not through the back end.
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๋’ค์ชฝ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์š”.
01:01
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:03
And that represents about two billion tons
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์ด๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ ์•ฝ 20์–ต ํ†ค๊ณผ ๋งž๋จน๋Š” ์–‘์ด๊ณ 
01:07
of carbon dioxide equivalent per year,
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01:09
or more than four percent of our annual global greenhouse gas emissions.
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์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์˜จ์‹ค ๊ธฐ์ฒด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 4% ์ด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
We have a methane problem from cows.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฉ”ํƒ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
So how can you reduce these methane burps?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ๋ฉ”ํƒ„ ํŠธ๋ฆผ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ค„์ผ๋ผ์š”?
01:22
My colleagues and I may have found a solution.
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์ €์™€ ์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์•˜๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
Seaweed!
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ํ•ด์ดˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
01:27
Let me explain.
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์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
01:29
A couple of years ago,
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „,
01:30
an article was published by Rob Kinley and colleagues
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๋กญ ํ‚จ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:33
that showed almost complete elimination of methane
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์ž˜๊ฒŒ ์ฌ ํ’€์— ํ•ด์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
01:38
when seaweed was added to chopped grass in the lab.
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๋ฉ”ํƒ„์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
Great.
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๋ฉ‹์ง€๋„ค์š”.
01:43
But as an agricultural researcher,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋†์—… ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ,
01:45
I know lots of additives work well in the lab,
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด
01:48
but not in real animals.
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์‹ค์ œ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
But there was something different about seaweed
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ”ํƒ„์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์—๋Š”
01:53
and the way in which it reduced methane.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
So we thought we should test this in live animals.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•ด๋ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:59
In collaboration with Joan Salwen,
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๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์•ˆ ์‚ด์›ฌ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ 
02:01
an entrepreneur,
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02:03
and colleagues from James Cook University and CSIRO,
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์ œ์ž„์Šค ์ฟก ๋Œ€ํ•™, CSIRO์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ๋„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:07
we decided to conduct a small experiment
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์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด์„œ
02:10
to determine the amount of seaweed we might need to use.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์–‘์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
This was the first ever experiment in dairy cattle,
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์ด๊ฑด ์ –์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ฒซ ์‹คํ—˜์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ,
02:18
and we had no idea how much to give them.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
So we started with about 60 grams per day,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 60g์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ,
02:25
going up to 250 grams.
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250g์œผ๋กœ ์ ์  ๋Š˜๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
Mind you, this was mixed in with 25 kilograms of their feed.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ 25k์— ์„ž์—ˆ๋‹จ ๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
02:34
One of the graduate students I work with, Breanna Roque,
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์ €๋ž‘ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ƒ ์ค‘ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์•„๋‚˜ ๋กœํฌ๊ฐ€
02:37
trapped their methane burps.
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๋ฉ”ํƒ„ ํŠธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ชจ์•˜์–ด์š”.
02:41
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:42
In that first experiment,
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๊ทธ ์ฒซ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ,
02:46
the emissions were reduced by up to 67 percent.
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๋ฐฐ์ถœ์€ 67%๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
02:55
And I thought at first,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—” ์žฅ๋น„ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ธ ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง„์งœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
the equipment must have malfunctioned, but it was real.
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03:01
But we are left with more questions than answers.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒ ํ•ด๋‹ต๋ณด๋‹จ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
Would the microbes in the gut get used to it
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๋‚ด์žฅ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฉ”ํƒ„์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
03:08
and start producing methane over time?
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03:11
Would the seaweed be stable over a long period of time in storage?
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ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:17
Would the taste be affected and the cows turn up their noses?
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๋ง›์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ฆด๊นŒ์š”?
03:21
Or would the seaweed affect the cows's health or milk production?
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ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด๋‚˜ ์šฐ์œ  ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„๊นŒ์š”?
03:27
So we teamed up again to conduct another trial.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ํŒ€์„ ๊พธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
Over a five-month period,
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5๊ฐœ์›”์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ,
03:34
we saw the seaweed that was harvested three years prior
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 3๋…„ ์ „์— ์ˆ˜ํ™•๋œ ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€
03:39
reduce emissions by over 80 percent.
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๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ 80% ์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
03:48
Our colleagues in Australia,
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ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๋„
03:50
they saw up to 98 percent reduction in a similar trial.
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์œผ๋กœ 98% ๊ฐ์†Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
That kind of reduction is simply staggering.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด์ฃ .
03:59
And in the graph,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
04:01
you see methane emissions in three levels of intake.
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๋ฉ”ํƒ„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„
์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ญ์ทจ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
So the first line is for cattle with no seaweed,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์†Œ๋“ค์ด๊ณ ,
04:09
The second line is for cows
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์†Œ๋“ค์€
04:11
that were supplemented with about 30 to 40 grams of seaweed.
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ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ 30g์—์„œ 40g ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
And the last one is for cows
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ค„์˜ ์†Œ๋“ค์€
04:18
supplemented with about 60 to 80 grams of seaweed.
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ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ 60g์—์„œ 80g ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
As you can see, as you increase the amount of seaweed,
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๋ณด๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์–‘์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋ฉด,
04:25
you see a reduction in methane emissions.
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๋ฉ”ํƒ„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
We have also seen an improvement in bulking up
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๋˜ํ•œ ์œก์šฐ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
of the beef cattle with no adverse health effects.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋‚˜์œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
So itโ€™s a win for the environment;
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—๋„ ์ข‹๊ณ , ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ข‹์ฃ .
04:40
it's a win for the farmers and consumers.
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04:44
A panel of 112 people got to taste steak
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์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์› 112๋ช…์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ
ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋จน์€ ์†Œ์™€ ์•ˆ ๋จน์€ ์†Œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์Šคํ…Œ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง›๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
made from steers offered seaweed and control.
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04:52
And they did not detect any difference.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
We also did a nutritional quality of the meat,
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์˜์–‘์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋ถ„์„๋„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:58
and we found no difference between animals that were offered seaweed
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ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์„ญ์ทจํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ•˜์ง€์•Š์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
and the control.
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05:04
So how does it work?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”?
05:07
Some seaweeds contain ingredients
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์ผ๋ถ€ ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ถ„์€
05:10
that directly inhibit microbes in the cowโ€™s gut from forming methane
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์†Œ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฉ”ํƒ„ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
without interfering with food digestion.
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์Œ์‹ ์†Œํ™”๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
05:18
The amount of methane produced
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๋ฉ”ํƒ„์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์€
05:20
is dependent on how much the animal is eating
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๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋จน๋Š”์ง€, ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋จน๋Š”์ง€์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
and what's in the diet.
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05:25
And as such,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ,
05:27
previous efforts to reduce methane emissions
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๋ฉ”ํƒ„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ด์ „ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์€
05:29
focused on changing their diets
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์‹๋‹จ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
or improving forage quality.
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05:35
And we do have potential solutions other than seaweed
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ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ์ด์™ธ์— ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ
05:39
to reduce methane emissions.
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๋ฉ”ํƒ„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
We looked at additives to feed, such as 3-NOPs,
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3-NOPs ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ 30% ์ •๋„ ์ค„์˜€์ฃ .
05:44
reduce emissions by about 30 percent.
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05:47
Even garlic and citrus extract
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋งˆ๋Š˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ๊ทค๋ฅ˜ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ๋„
05:50
can reduce methane burps by over 20 percent
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๋ฉ”ํƒ„ ํŠธ๋ฆผ์„ 20% ์ •๋„ ์ค„์˜€์–ด์š”.
05:53
without affecting animal health and productivity.
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๋™๋ฌผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ•ด์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ์š”.
05:58
Now you may ask:
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์ด์ œ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
06:00
Why not stop eating beef and drinking milk?
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์™œ ์†Œ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€ ์šฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋Š์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ ?
06:04
Audience member: Yeah!
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์ฒญ์ค‘: ๋„ค!
06:05
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:07
EK: That would be a good question.
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์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
So adopting a plant-based diet with supplements
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๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฑ„์‹ ์‹๋‹จ์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:14
may help shrink a person's carbon footprint
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ์†Œ๋“ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ
์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
in high-income countries like the US.
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06:21
But, you know, a lot of people are not going to do that.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
06:25
And for the rest of the world,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š”,
06:27
these foods are needed to provide key nutrients,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์Œ์‹๋“ค์€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์˜์–‘์†Œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์— ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ B12์™€ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ A๋Š”
06:32
such as vitamin B12 and vitamin A,
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06:35
which are critical for brain function,
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๋‘๋‡Œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๊ณ 
06:38
for vision and immunity.
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์‹œ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ ฅ์—๋„ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
These are found almost exclusively in beef and milk.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์†Œ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€ ์šฐ์œ ์—๋งŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
In this graph, you see different countries
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜
06:49
with their annual meat consumption per capita on the bar graph,
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1์ธ๋‹น ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์œก๋ฅ˜ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ง‰๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:54
and then you see the dots representing the stunting rate
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์ ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:56
in children below the age of five years old.
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5์„ธ ์ดํ•˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์žฅ์• ์œจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
And countries that have lower consumption of methane
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๋ฉ”ํƒ„ ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์—์„œ
07:05
are associated with higher incidence of stunting.
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์„ฑ์žฅ ์žฅ์• ์œจ์ด ๋” ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
I know this firsthand.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
Growing up in Eritrea,
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์—๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ ˆ์•„์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ, ์šฐ์œ ์™€ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
I loved milk and meat when you could get it,
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์ž์ฃผ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”์š”.
07:15
which wasn't often.
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07:17
Even as a kid, I always wondered
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์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ๋„, ํ’€๋งŒ ๋จน๋Š” ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
07:19
how a cow, eating just grass, produces nutritious milk I love to drink.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–‘๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
And that wonder pushed me into a career to understand
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ถ๊ธˆ์ฆ์€ ๊ฐ€์ถ• ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
07:28
and improve livestock production
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์ €์†Œ๋“ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ์žฅ ์žฅ์• ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์–‘ ๊ฒฐํ• ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ
07:30
so that people in low-income countries do not suffer with stunting
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๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋กœ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
and other nutrient-deficiency diseases.
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07:38
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:45
So what now?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ์–ด์ฉŒ์ฃ ?
07:46
We know seaweed can work.
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ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋์ฃ .
07:49
But the cultivation of the specific seaweed has been a barrier.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠน์ • ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
It's not so easy to farm asparagopsis taxiformis.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ณ ๋ฆฌํ’€์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
07:58
But there are a number of efforts going on at the moment
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
08:01
to scale up production.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
Blue Ocean Barns is growing seaweed in Hawaii already,
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๋ธ”๋ฃจ์˜ค์…˜ ๋ฐ˜์Šค๋Š” ํ•˜์™€์ด์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ ํ•ด์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
08:07
and they estimate that there will be enough production to feed all cattle
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ถ”์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
2030๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ์—๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์–‘์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
in the US by 2030.
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08:15
All we need now is for governments to step up
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์„œ์„œ
08:18
and facilitate the use of these methane-busting feed additives.
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๋ฉ”ํƒ„์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋ฌผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
Cattle industries in some countries
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ถ•์‚ฐ์—…์€
08:25
have already committed to climate neutrality by 2050.
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2050๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
But if we can get these feed-additive innovations
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋ฌผ๋“ค์„
08:33
into cow stomachs earlier,
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์†Œ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋จน์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:36
we can cut methane burps significantly.
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๋ฉ”ํƒ„ ํŠธ๋ฆผ์„ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
Given that methane only lasts in the atmosphere for a decade or so,
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๋ฉ”ํƒ„์ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์— 10๋…„ ์ •๋„๋งŒ ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด,
08:45
we could even slow global warming in the short term.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ผ ๋‚ด์— ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋ฅผ ๋Šฆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
Yes, we have a methane problem from cows,
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๋„ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฉ”ํƒ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
08:54
but we may have seaweed and other solutions
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋ฉ”ํƒ„ ํŠธ๋ฆผ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ
08:57
for these methane burps,
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08:58
helping us provide meat and dairy while maintaining a safe climate.
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€ ์œ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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