The promise of quantum computers | Matt Langione

85,830 views ใƒป 2021-03-09

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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Transcriber:
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ์„ฑ์ค€ ์•ˆ ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—” ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด, ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:13
What will the biggest challenges of the 21st century turn out to be?
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์•„์ง์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑด
00:17
Today, one might guess climate change, public health, inequality,
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์Šˆํผ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
but the truth is we don't yet know.
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์ตœ๊ทผ 100๋…„๊ฐ„
๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
00:24
What we do know
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00:26
is that supercomputing will have to be part of the solution.
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๋‹น๋ฉดํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์˜์กด์„ฑ์€
๋†’์•„๋งŒ ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
For nearly a hundred years,
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๋‚˜์น˜ ์•”ํ˜ธ ํ•ด๋…, ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ถ„์„์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
our reliance on high-performance computers
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00:34
in the face of our most urgent challenges
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€
๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋งž์ถฐ
00:37
has grown and grown,
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00:39
from cracking Nazi codes to sequencing the human genome.
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์†Œํ˜•ํ™”, ๊ณ ์†ํ™”, ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ™” ๋“ฑ ๋งค๋…„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
Computer processors have risen to meet increasingly critical and complex demands
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
by getting smaller, faster and better year after year,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์กด์„ฑ์ด
์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ,
00:54
as if by magic.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์—๋„
00:56
But there's a problem.
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00:58
At the very moment that our reliance on computers is growing faster than ever,
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ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งˆ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋„ ๋๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
์‹œ๊ธฐ๋„ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
progress in compute power
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž˜ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ,
01:06
is coming to a standstill.
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์ด์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค
01:09
The magic is just about spent.
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์•„์ง ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
The timing couldn't be worse.
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01:13
We rarely talk about it, but for all that we've accomplished with computers,
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๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋“ค์˜€์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:17
there remain a startling number of things that computers still can't do,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฉด
๊ตฌ์ƒ๋œ ์ง€ 50๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง๋„ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
at a great cost to business and society.
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01:26
The dream of near-instant computational drug design, for instance,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ, ๋งˆ๋น„๋œ ์ฑ„๋กœ
01:29
has yet to come to fruition, nearly 50 years after it was first conceived.
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Never has that been clearer than now,
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์‹ ์•ฝ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šธ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:36
as the world sits in a state of isolation and paralysis,
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01:39
as we await a vaccine for COVID-19.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฏธ์ง€์ธ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ
์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ๋„ ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
But drug discovery is just one area in which researchers are beset --
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚˜
01:47
and in some cases, blocked entirely --
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01:50
by the inadequacy of even today's fastest supercomputers,
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๊ธˆ์œต, ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜ ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ฐฝ์ถœ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ํฐ ๊ฑธ๋ฆผ๋Œ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
putting great constraints in areas like climate change,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š”
์Šˆํผ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋„ ์ข‹์•„์ง€๊ณ  ๋นจ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
and in value creation in areas like finance and logistics.
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๋งค๋…„ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์•„์ง„ ๋•๋ถ„์ด์ฃ .
02:02
In the past,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋” ์ด์ƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
we could rely on supercomputers simply getting better and faster,
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋” ์ž‘์•„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
as parts got smaller and smaller every year,
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ํŠธ๋žœ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์†Œํ˜•ํ™”๋˜์–ด
์ด์ œ๋Š” ์›์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
but no longer.
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02:12
For now, we're drawing up against a hard physical limit.
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์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
02:16
Transistors have become so minuscule
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„
02:19
that they're fast approaching the size of an atom.
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์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€์™€ ์ •์น˜์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์™”๋˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
Such a state of affairs invites a natural follow-up question,
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์Šˆํผ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:26
and it's one that I've spent the last several years
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด
02:28
encouraging business leaders and policy makers to address:
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21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •๋‹ต์ด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
02:33
If not traditional supercomputers,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
what technology will emerge
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๋’ค์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š”
02:37
to arm us against the challenges of the 21st century?
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์›์ž ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
100๋…„ ์ „ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์กด์žฌ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋˜
02:41
Enter quantum computing.
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02:44
Quantum computers like this one
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์›์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ์•„์›์ž์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
promise to address the atomic limitation
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์–ด๋–ค ์›๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด์˜ ํฐ ๊ฑธ๋ฆผ๋Œ์ด์—ˆ๋˜
02:49
by exploiting subatomic physical properties
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02:53
that weren't even known to man a hundred years ago.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ œ์•ฝ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ก ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:56
How does it work?
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02:57
Quantum computing enables a departure from two major constraints
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๋„ค์™€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค, ๊บผ์ง๊ณผ ์ผœ์ง์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
์ค‘๊ฐ„์ด ์—†๊ณ ,
03:01
of classical semiconductor computing.
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์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:04
Classical computers operate deterministically:
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
everything is either yes or no, on or off, with no in between.
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์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ก ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:11
They also operate serially; they can only do one thing at a time.
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์ž‘์—…์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
Quantum computers operate probabilistically, and most importantly,
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์ด๋Š” ์–‘์ž์˜ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ์ค‘์ฒฉ, ์–ฝํž˜, ๊ฐ„์„ญ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ
03:20
they operate simultaneously, thanks to three properties --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฏธ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ‘ธ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:25
superposition, entanglement and interference --
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03:28
which allow them to explore many possibilities at once.
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ํƒˆ์ถœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
03:31
To illustrate how this works, imagine a computer is trying to solve a maze.
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์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜๋ฉด
๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๊ธธ์€ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋’ค
03:37
The classical computer would do so by exhausting every potential pathway
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์ฒ˜์Œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ 
๋‹ค์Œ ํƒˆ์ถœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธธ๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
in a sequence.
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03:42
If it came across a roadblock on the first path,
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์ •๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ฃ .
03:44
it would simply rule that out as a solution,
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์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ํƒˆ์ถœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธธ์„
03:47
revert to its original position
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03:49
and try the next logical path,
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03:50
and so on and so forth until it found the right solution.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋ฏธ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ํ‘ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
A quantum computer could test every single pathway
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03:58
at the same time,
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์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ๋„ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด
04:00
in effect, solving the maze in only a single try.
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์•„๊นŒ ๋ฏธ๋กœ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์ด๋ฉฐ
04:06
As it happens,
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ ์†ํžˆ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
many complex problems are characterized by this mazelike quality,
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04:12
especially simulation and optimization problems,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:15
some of which can be solved exponentially faster
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04:19
with a quantum computer.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
04:22
But is there really value to this so-called quantum speedup?
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
In order to believe that we need faster supercomputers,
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์ ์–ด๋„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
we need to first believe that our problems are indeed computational in nature.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋น„๋ฃŒ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์€
๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฒ”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
It turns out that many are, at least in part.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋น„๋ฃŒ๋Š”
04:41
For an example, letโ€™s turn to fertilizer production,
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์งˆ์†Œ์™€ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•œ ์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„๊ฐ€
04:44
one of the hallmark problems in the science of climate change.
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์ฃผ์š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
The way most fertilizer is produced today
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์ด๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋งค์šฐ, ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
04:50
is by fusing nitrogen and hydrogen to make ammonia,
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๋งค๋…„ ์ฒœ ์–ต์—์„œ 3์ฒœ ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
which is the active ingredient.
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04:55
The process works,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
04:57
but only at a severe, a severe cost
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์ฒœ์—ฐ ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ 3~5% ๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์ด
05:00
to businesses, who spend 100 to 300 billion every year,
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๋น„๋ฃŒ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†Œ๋น„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
and to the environment:
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งค๋…„์ด์š”.
05:06
three to five percent of the world's natural gas
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์™œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:10
is expended on fertilizer synthesis
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด
05:13
every single year.
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05:15
So why have scientists failed to develop a more efficient process?
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๋ฏธ๋กœ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•ด์„œ
ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ด‰๋งค์ธ ์งˆ์†Œ ๊ณ ์ • ํšจ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ •์ „๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
The reason is that in order to do so,
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05:23
they would need to simulate the mazelike molecular interactions
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ
05:28
that make up the electrostatic field of the key catalyst, nitrogenase.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์Šˆํผ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ๋„ 80๋งŒ ๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
Scientists actually know how to do that today,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ๋Š”
05:37
but it would take 800,000 years on the world's fastest supercomputer.
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24์‹œ๊ฐ„๋„ ์•ˆ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ, ์•ž์„œ ๋งํ•œ ์‹ ์•ฝ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€
์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:45
With a full-scale quantum computer,
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05:48
less than 24 hours.
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05:50
For another example, let's return to drug discovery,
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „์—ผ์„ฑ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€
05:53
a process COVID-19 has brought into sharp focus for most of us
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์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
05:58
for the very first time.
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06:00
Designing a vaccine for an infectious disease like COVID-19,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ ์ธ์ž์™€ ์–ต์ œ ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ ค๋‚ด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
์•ฝ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๋ณดํ†ต 10๋…„ ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
06:05
from identifying the drivers of the disease,
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06:09
to screening millions of candidate activators and inhibitors,
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๊ทธ์ค‘ 90%๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ ์‹คํ—˜์— ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
is a process that typically takes 10 or more years per drug,
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์ œ์•ฝํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด 2์กฐ์—์„œ 3์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ,
06:18
90 percent of which fail to pass clinical trials.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋น„์šฉ์€
๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ, ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
The cost to pharmaceutical companies is two to three billion dollars
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๋งค๋…„ 8๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ „์—ผ์„ฑ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
per approved drug.
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06:27
But the social costs of delays and failures are much, much higher.
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์ด๋Š” ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ›„
์ฒซ 6๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค 15๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆซ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
More than eight million people die every year of infectious diseases.
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์™œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:38
That's 15 times as many people as died during the first six months
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
of the coronavirus pandemic.
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์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๋Š”์š”.
06:45
So why has computational drug design failed to live up to expectations?
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๋ชธ ์†์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž๋ฌผ์‡ ์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:49
Again, it's a matter of limited computational resources, at least in part.
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์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š”
๋ถ„์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ฝํžŒ ๋ฏธ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™”ํ•™ ์ •๋ณด ์†์—์„œ
06:54
If identifying a disease pathway in the body is like a lock,
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06:59
designing a drug requires searching through a massive chemical space,
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์•Œ๋งž์€ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด, ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฌผ์‡ ์— ๋งž๋Š” ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
07:04
effectively a maze of molecular structures,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™”ํ•™ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ 
07:07
to find the right compound,
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07:09
to find a key, in other words, that fits the lock.
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์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด
07:12
The problem is that tracing the entire relevant span of chemical space
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5์กฐ ๋…„์— ๊ณฑํ•˜๊ธฐ 10์˜ 12์Šน,
07:18
and converting it into a searchable database for drug design
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— 10์˜ 12์Šน,
๋˜ 10์˜ 12์Šน์„ ๊ณฑํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์Šˆํผ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
would take 5 trillion trillion, trillion, trillion years
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ๋Š” 30๋ถ„ ๋‚จ์ง“ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋˜ํ•œ ์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ์“ฐ์ž„์ƒˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—๋งŒ ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
on the world's fastest supercomputer.
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์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์›€๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด
07:31
On a quantum computer, a little more than a half hour.
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07:35
But quantum computing is not just about triumphs in the lab.
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๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:38
The flow of progress and industries of all kinds is currently blocked
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ „๋ถ€ ์ •์ฒด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์€ํ–‰์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:44
by discreet, but intractable computational constraints
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์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€, ๊ธฐ์—…์ด
07:48
that have a real impact on business and society.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
07:51
For what may seem an unlikely example, let's turn to banks.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์€ํ–‰์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:55
What if banks were able to lend more freely
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์ž์‚ฐ์˜ 10~15%๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆ์ค€๋น„๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์žก์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
to individuals, entrepreneurs and businesses?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
08:01
One of the key holdups today
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์žฌ์ • ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:03
is that banks keep 10 to 15 percent of assets in cash reserves,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ธˆ์œฐ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
in part, because their risk simulations are compute constrained.
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๋“œ๋ฌธ ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์–ด๋ ต์ฃ .
๋ธ”๋ž™ ์Šค์™„์„ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
They canโ€™t account for global or whole-market risks that are rare
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์ž์‚ฐ์˜ 10~15%๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๋ˆ์ด์ฃ .
08:18
but severe and unpredictable.
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๊ทธ ํ˜„๊ธˆ ๋น„์œจ์„ 1%๋งŒ ์ค„์—ฌ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:21
Black swan events, for example.
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08:23
Now, 10 to 15 percent is a whole lot of money.
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์ˆ˜ ์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
When you consider that for every one-percent reduction in cash reserves,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ
08:32
it would lead to an extra trillion dollars of investible capital.
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์žฌ์ • ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
์ง€๋ถˆ์ค€๋น„๊ธˆ์„ 5~10%๋กœ ์ค„์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:37
What this means is that if banks ultimately became comfortable enough
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ์žฌ๋‚œ์ง€์›๊ธˆ๋งŒํผ
08:41
with quantum-powered risk simulations
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:44
to reduce cash reserves to, say, five to 10 percent of assets,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค์š”.
08:48
the effect would be like a COVID-19-level stimulus
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ฌ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:52
for individuals and businesses
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:54
every single year.
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08:56
Once the transformative power of quantum computing is clear,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ƒ์šฉํ™” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ž…์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
the question then becomes: Well, how long must we wait?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
์•„์ง ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
Researchers are cautious when asked about the timeline to quantum advantage.
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์•„์ง์€ ๊ณตํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
์–‘์ž์—ญํ•™ ๋ณธ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฌธ๋“ค์ด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
Rightly so -- there remain a number of critical hurdles to overcome,
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09:15
and not just engineering challenges,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 10๋…„, 20๋…„, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด 30๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์„œ์•ผ
09:17
but fundamental scientific questions about the nature of quantum mechanics.
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์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ ๋Š”
09:24
As a result, it may be one, two, even three decades
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์™„์„ฑ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
before quantum computers fully mature.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ํฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
Some executives that I've spoken with have come to the conclusion on this basis
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋ˆ„์ ์  ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์ด๋ก ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
09:35
that they can afford to wait,
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๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
09:36
that they can afford to postpone investing.
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09:38
I believe this to be a real mistake,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
09:41
for while some technologies develop steadily,
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์„œ๋กœ ์•ž๋‹คํˆฌ์–ด ์šฐํ›„์ฃฝ์ˆœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
according to the laws of cumulative causation,
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์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ๋ฟ์œผ๋กœ
09:47
many emerge as precipitous breakthroughs,
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09:49
almost overnight defying any timeline that could be drawn out in advance.
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ์š”.
09:54
Quantum computing is a candidate for just such a breakthrough,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, 80๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์—
๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์€ ์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ธ ํ๋น„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด
09:57
having already reached a number of critical milestones
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10:00
decades ahead of schedule.
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100๋…„์€ ๋” ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:03
In the late 80s, for example,
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10:04
many researchers thought that the basic building block of quantum computing,
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ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ๊ฒจ์šฐ 10๋…„ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ˜„์žฌ IBM์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ฝ 500๊ฐœ์˜ ํ๋น„ํŠธ๋ฅผ 29๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ ์šฉํ•ด
10:08
the qubit,
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10:10
would take a hundred years to build.
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์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
Ten years later, it arrived.
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10:15
Now IBM has nearly 500 qubits across 29 machines,
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด
์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์™„์„ฑ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
10:20
available for client use and research.
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ํ˜น์‹œ๋ผ๋„ ์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
10:23
What this means is that we should worry less
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์™„์„ฑ๋  ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ๋œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
about quantum computers arriving too late
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๋…ธ๋ฒจ์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•œ ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
and more about them arriving too soon,
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โ€œ์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š”
10:32
before the necessary preparations have been made.
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10:36
For to quote one Nobel prize winning physicist,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ์ฃผํŒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค
ํ›จ์”ฌ ํด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
10:40
"Quantum computers are more different from current computers
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์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
10:45
than current computers are
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๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
from the abacus."
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
10:50
It'll take time to make the necessary workflow integrations.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ , ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ํ•ด
์‚ฐ์—… ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑธ๋ฆผ๋Œ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
10:54
It'll take time to onboard the right talent.
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10:57
Most importantly,
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10:58
it'll take time, not to mention vision and imagination,
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๋น„์ „๊ณผ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์–‘์ž ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋งŽ์€ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
to identify and scope high-value problems
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์ค‘๊ตญ์™€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ 15์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์žํ–ˆ๊ณ 
11:07
for quantum computers to tackle for your business.
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11:10
Governments are already investing heavily in quantum technologies --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—… ๋˜ํ•œ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด์ œ๋Š” ์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ์‹คํ˜„์„ ์•ž๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:15
15 billion dollars among China, Europe and the US.
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ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ ํŒŒ์•…๊ณผ
11:21
And VCs are following suit.
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๊ด€๋ จ ์ง€์‹ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ,
11:23
But what's needed now to accelerate innovation
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
is business investment in developing use cases,
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์š”์ฆ˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—”
11:30
in onboarding talent
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
and on experimenting with real quantum computers
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๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 70๋…„๊ฐ„ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๋˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ๊ฐ€
11:35
that are available today.
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11:37
In a world such as ours,
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ •์ฒด๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:38
the demands of innovation can't be put off for another day.
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์ด์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
Leaders must act now,
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๋งˆ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ™์€ ์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
for the processor speedups that have driven innovation for nearly 70 years
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๋‚จ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋’ค์ณ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
11:49
are set to stop dead in their tracks.
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11:52
The race toward a new age of magic and supercomputing is already underway.
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์–‘์ž ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์˜ ์„ ๋‘์ด์ž ๋”ฐ๋ผ์žก์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
It's one we can't afford to lose.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
Quantum computers are in pole position. They're the car to beat.
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12:06
Thank you.
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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