Vishaan Chakrabarti: A vision of sustainable housing for all of humanity | TED Countdown

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2022-02-20 ใƒป TED


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Vishaan Chakrabarti: A vision of sustainable housing for all of humanity | TED Countdown

86,343 views ใƒป 2022-02-20

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Inha Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Ju-young Moon
00:08
So, I was born in India.
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์ €๋Š” ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
This is just a small part of my big, beautiful family there.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ €์˜ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€์กฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
I have, actually, 50, five zero, first cousins.
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์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์ด 50๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
00:22
Most of us have a couple of kids.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์Šฌํ•˜์— ๋‘์„ธ ๋ช…์˜ ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:25
And so all of this leads me to believe the United Nations
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
00:29
when they tell us that by 2100,
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2100๋…„๊นŒ์ง€
00:32
the world will have a population of almost 11 billion people.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 110์–ต๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์œ ์—”์˜ ๋ฐœํ‘œ์— ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
That is, three billion more people than the planet houses today.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋ณด๋‹ค 30์–ต ๋ช… ์ •๋„์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”.
00:42
To house all of those people,
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์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
00:44
we need to build about 2.4 trillion square feet
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” 2์กฐ 4์ฒœ์–ต ์ œ๊ณฑํ”ผํŠธ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์˜
00:51
of new built space.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”.
00:54
Now to give you a sense of scale,
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ
00:55
that is the equivalent of adding to the planet a New York City,
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๋งค๋‹ฌ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋‰ด์š•์‹œ๋งŒ ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€
01:00
every month ...
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ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ผด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
for the next 40 years.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ 40๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:05
Now I'm a New Yorker and an architect,
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๋‰ด์š•์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ๊ฒ์ด ๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:07
but this scares even me.
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01:09
But this is not a scary talk, I promise you.
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๊ดด๋‹ด์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์•ˆ์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
01:13
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:16
I think I know what you're probably thinking,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด
01:19
which is, "We are already experiencing
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜์‹ค ํ…๋ฐ์š”.
01:23
severe impacts from climate change.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์…จ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:26
How can the world house another three billion people?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— 30์–ต ๋ช…์„ ๋” ์ˆ˜์šฉํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
01:32
And how can their housing needs be part of the solution,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ฃผํƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค
01:36
rather than part of the problem?"
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ํ•ด๋ฒ•์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:38
Could new housing be carbon-negative?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„ค๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:42
Meaning that it offsets or sequesters more carbon than it produces.
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๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:48
Now, for our big, existing cities,
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ํ˜„์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€
01:51
there is a lot of hope in clean energy grids
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์ฒญ์ • ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ง์— ํฐ ํฌ๋ง์„ ๊ฑธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
01:54
fueled by renewables like solar, wind, nuclear and geothermal.
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ํƒœ์–‘์—ด, ํ’๋ ฅ, ์›์ž๋ ฅ, ์ง€์—ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋™๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ
02:00
But the fact is, we are still a ways away
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„์ง์€ ๋จผ ์–˜๊ธฐ์ฃ .
02:03
from getting fully clean power grids in our existing cities,
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ํ˜„์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์— ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ง์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€์š”.
02:06
where most of this population growth is going to occur.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ 
02:10
And that's true because of the problems
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:12
with everything from transmission lines to the politics of nuclear energy.
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์†ก์ „์„ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์›์ž๋ ฅ ์šด์˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
02:16
So, clean grids are a really important part of the solution,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฒญ์ •๋ง์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ… ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
02:21
but they don't help us that much, right at this moment.
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ํ˜„์‹œ์ ์—๋Š” ํฐ ๋„์›€์€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
What we can do today,
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์‹คํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด
02:27
what we have existing technology for,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ๋Š”
02:29
is to build net-zero single-family homes.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ฃผํƒ์„ ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
In sunny climates in particular, solar panels work very, very well,
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ํŠนํžˆ, ํ™”์ฐฝํ•œ ๋‚ ์”จ์ผ ๋•Œ ํƒœ์–‘์—ดํŒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ฃ .
02:37
because it's a lot of roof area, relative to very few occupants.
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๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž ์ˆซ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง€๋ถ•์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ๋„“๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
But these things, they're hardly a panacea --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŒ๋ณ‘ํ†ต์น˜์•ฝ์ด ๋  ์ˆœ ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
02:46
in part because they're very expensive to build,
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๊ฐ’๋น„์‹ผ ๊ฑด์ถ• ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:48
but more problematically,
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๋” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€
02:50
because they induce car-oriented sprawl.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋„์‹œ ํ™•์žฅ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:55
And I don't care if the cars are electric or autonomous --
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์ „๊ธฐ ์ฐจ๋“  ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์ฐจ๋“  ์ฐจ์ข…๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด์š”.
02:58
sprawl is sprawl,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด
02:59
and it leads to a loss of wetlands,
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๋น„์˜ฅํ•œ ๋•…์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
03:01
a loss of forests,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ณผ
03:03
a loss of farms and a loss of community.
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๋†์žฅ, ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋„ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ์š”.
03:06
So maybe you're thinking the right answer to house our coming building boom
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ๊ฑด์„ค ํ˜ธํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ํ•ด๋‹ต์œผ๋กœ
03:11
are towers.
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ํƒ€์›Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
And look, I've actually been called "Professor Skyscraper."
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ €๋ฅผ โ€˜๋งˆ์ฒœ๋ฃจ ๊ต์ˆ˜โ€™๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
03:15
I love a great tower.
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ํƒ€์›Œ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
03:17
But the reality is we are very far away from developing carbon-negative towers.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์˜ ํƒ€์›Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋จผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
And the reason is,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
03:24
towers are energy-intensive to build and operate.
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ํƒ€์›Œ๋ฅผ ์ง“๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋™ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:29
They house a lot of people, which is great,
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๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์— ๋น„ํ•ด
03:31
but they have very little roof area to effectively use solar,
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ํƒœ์–‘์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ์ง€๋ถ•์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
and similarly, like, wind turbines at the top --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ’๋ ฅ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ด๋ฉฐ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ญ๋ถ€์กฑ์ด์ฃ .
03:37
all of that stuff barely makes a dent.
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03:39
On top of that, most skyscrapers are built out of steel and concrete,
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๊ณ ์ธต ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ฒ ๊ณผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
03:44
which have a very high degree of embodied energy.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ด์ฃ .
03:47
Now, I hold out a lot of hope
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋ง์„ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๊ฑด
03:49
for a technology known as "mass-timber construction,"
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โ€˜๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ชฉ์žฌ ๊ฑด์ถ•โ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
which would allow us to build tall towers
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์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ธต ํƒ€์›Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:55
out of environmentally friendly and fire-retardant wood
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์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉํ™” ๋ชฉ์žฌ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:58
that's actually a carbon sink,
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ํƒ„์†Œ ํก์ˆ˜๊ณ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ
03:59
but we are a ways away from widespread adoption of that technology.
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ์•„์ง ๊ฐˆ ๊ธธ์ด ๋ฉ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
I also hold out hope for the idea that windows could harness solar power,
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๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ
04:08
but the idea that we have effective and affordable solar glass
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์€
04:12
in the near future,
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๊ทผ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ชฉ์žฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ฃ .
04:14
thatโ€™s even more nascent than mass timber.
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04:16
So for towers to really be sustainable,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํƒ€์›Œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
04:18
we need those clean energy grids that we spoke about,
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์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ง์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:21
but we don't have them available to us today.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ์„  ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ง์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
So we have a paradox.
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๋ชจ์ˆœ๋œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์ฃ .
04:27
How do we house all of these people,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ฃผํƒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:29
how do we build urban carbon-negative housing
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„์‹œ์— ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ฃผํƒ์„ ๊ฑด์„คํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:34
in a means that's technologically attainable and broadly affordable --
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:38
and do that today?
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์‹คํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:40
Because I'm tired of talking about 2050.
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2050๋…„ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ผ๋ฉด ์ด์ œ ๋ฉ€๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚  ์ •๋„๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
04:44
(Cheers and applause)
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(ํ™˜ํ˜ธ์™€ ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
04:50
I believe that the answer is hiding in plain sight,
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ํ•ด๋ฒ•์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:53
that there is what I call a โ€œGoldilocksโ€ scale
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โ€˜๊ณจ๋””๋ฝ์Šคโ€™ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
04:56
that sits between the scale of housing and towers:
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ง‘๊ณผ ํƒ€์›Œ ์ •๋„์˜
05:00
two- to three-story housing
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2~3์ธต ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋กœ
05:02
that should actually look very familiar to most of you,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•„๋ผ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:05
because we built the most beloved parts of our cities with it.
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๋ณด์Šคํ„ด์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฆฝ์ฃผํƒ๋“ค๊ณผ
05:08
The row houses of Boston,
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05:09
the hutong districts of Beijing,
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๋ฒ ์ด์ง•์˜ ๊ณจ๋ชฉ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
05:12
most of the fabric of Edinburgh.
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์—๋“ ๋ฒ„๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
05:14
What we now build in this scale are largely cheap suburban townhomes.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ง“๋Š” ์ง‘๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๊ต์™ธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
They're banal, they're not sustainable, they're not walkable,
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ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋„๋ณด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ฐ๋‹ค
05:23
they're certainly not beautiful.
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๋”ฑํžˆ ๋ฉ‹์ง€์ง€๋„ ์•Š์ฃ .
05:24
But could they provide a hint of a framework
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ง‘๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ† ๋Œ€์˜ ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:29
for a human-scale way of solving this problem
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์ธ๊ตฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•ด๋ฒ• ๋ฉด์—์„œ
05:32
that is great for both the climate and our societies.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋กญ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์„œ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
05:38
This Goldilocks framework hits the sweet spot
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์ด ๊ณจ๋””๋ฝ์Šค ๊ณจ์กฐ๋Š”
์ตœ์ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ธ์›์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์—
05:42
between the number of people it can house
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05:46
and the amount of roof area we need
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์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ง€๋ถ• ๋ฉด์  ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
to provide them and their communities [with] power.
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05:52
It can be built out of simple local materials, like wood or brick,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ˜„์ง€ ์ž์žฌ๋กœ ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
05:58
both of which have relatively low embodied energy
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์ž์žฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์ง€ ์ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„ค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
and could be built by local workers.
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06:03
And the solar panels up above could be supplemented
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ฅ์ƒ์˜ ํƒœ์–‘์—ดํŒ์€
06:06
with state-of-the-art battery systems
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์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ๋ณด์ถฉํ•˜์—ฌ
06:08
that level out solar supply and user demand.
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ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ˆ˜์š” ๊ฐ„์— ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋งž์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
Similarly, we can have electric, state-of-the-art air conditioning
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
ํ˜„์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ ์ „๊ธฐ ์—์–ด์ปจ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:17
and heating systems --
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06:18
this exists today.
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06:20
They can create thermal storage.
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์—ด ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ์„œ
06:21
What that means is it can produce ice or hot water off-peak,
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ํ‰์†Œ์— ์–ผ์Œ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•œ ๋’ค ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
for use on-peak.
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06:27
This housing could compost food scraps and solid waste,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฃผํƒ์€ ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ํ˜• ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•ด์„œ
06:32
and turn it into usable soils or protein for animal feed.
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์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ‡ด๋น„๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์šฉ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
And I think, most importantly,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
06:40
this kind of housing could provide affordable, communal, equitable housing
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์ ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๊ณตํ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๋™ ์ฃผํƒ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
for communities in dire need of it.
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์ฃผํƒ์ด ์ ˆ์‹คํ•œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:47
And I work with a lot of these communities,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์™€ ์ผํ•ด๋ด์„œ
06:49
and I know how much demand there is for this out there.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:52
Speaking of communities ...
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™€์„œ ๋ง์ธ๋ฐ...
06:55
I want to emphasize that this is not a one-size-fits-all solution.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „๋ฐฉ์œ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์— ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:59
This is a framework. It's a template.
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๋ผˆ๋Œ€์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ‹€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
We can work with communities
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์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•จ์œผ๋กœ
07:03
to make this housing appealing, visually and socially,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผํƒ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋งค๋ ฅ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:07
make it socially and racially mixed,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋ก  ์ธ์ข… ๊ฐ„์— ์œตํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
07:10
integrated into the lives of existing communities.
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ํ˜„์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:13
And when it's built into our cities,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„์‹œ ๋‚ด์— ์ง€์–ด์งˆ ๋•Œ๋Š”
07:16
what it means is that it's dense enough to support mass transit,
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๋Œ€์ค‘ ๊ตํ†ต๋ง ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด˜์ด˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
07:19
like light-rail, express busses, bikes.
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๊ฒฝ์ „์ฒ , ๊ณ ์†๋ฒ„์Šค, ์˜คํ† ๋ฐ”์ด ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ
07:22
There are networks that plug into jobs, schools, parks
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์ง์žฅ์ด๋‚˜, ํ•™๊ต, ๊ณต์› ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
07:27
and other daily destinations in our cities.
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
This housing is compact enough
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฝค ์ง‘์•ฝ์ ์ด์–ด์„œ
07:33
that it leaves room for lots of trees and ground cover.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ ํ™”๋‹จ์šฉ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ์จ
07:37
That means that we can lower stormwater impacts;
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ํญํ’์šฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ถ•์†Œํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:40
we can reduce the heat island effect;
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์—ด์„ฌํšจ๊ณผ๋„ ์ค„์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:43
we can lower the demand for air conditioning.
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์—์–ด์ปจ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
And for every family that lives in an apartment like this,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
07:48
it's one less house destroying farms and forests.
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๋†์žฅ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:54
Our collaborating engineers at Thornton Tomasetti have assured us that this is
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์ €ํฌ์™€ ํ˜‘์—… ์ค‘์ธ ์œํ„ด ํ† ๋งˆ์„ธํ‹ฐ์˜ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด์˜ ๋ง๋กœ๋Š”
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 1์ธ๋‹น ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
07:58
the lowest-carbon-footprint-per-person means of habitation,
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08:02
while also providing a sustainable use of land on our planet.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ† ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
I want you to imagine with me that we deployed this Goldilocks framework
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ์ƒ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ณจ๋””๋ฝ์Šค ๊ณจ์กฐ๋ฅผ
08:11
in two places that I love dearly,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ผ๋Š” 2๊ฐœ์˜ ๋„์‹œ์ธ ๋‰ด์š•๊ณผ ์บ˜์ปคํƒ€์— ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
08:13
New York and Calcutta.
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08:15
Very different places,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ์ฃ .
08:16
but they have these big, booming downtowns,
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์ด ๋„์‹œ์—๋Š” ํฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒˆํ™”ํ•œ ์‹œ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:18
but they also have these growing outskirts
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๋˜ํ•œ ์™ธ๊ณฝ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
that experience a lot of sprawl.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์™ธ๊ณฝ์€ ๋„์‹œ ํ™•์žฅ์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ 
08:22
So they have sites like this that are near mass transit.
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๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณณ์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
But imagine if, on these sites, instead of building sprawl,
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์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋„์‹œ ํ™•์žฅ ๋Œ€์‹ 
08:29
we built this Goldilocks framework.
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๊ณจ๋””๋ฝ์Šค ๊ณจ์กฐ๋กœ ์ง“๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
Now, that would manifest in two very, very different ways.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:34
Different materials, different cultural expressions.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž์žฌ์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํ‘œํ˜„๋“ค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
08:37
But it would give us carbon-negative, transit-rich, joyous places
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋†€์ด ์‹œ์„ค ์ œ๊ณต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
08:42
for people to live and raise their families.
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์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:45
Now, you may be thinking,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
"So this is his big idea?
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โ€˜๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€?โ€™๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
08:50
Small-scale housing,
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์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ฃผํƒ์—๋‹ค
08:51
solar panels above, light-rail below,
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์œ„๋กœ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์—ดํŒ์ด ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ „์ฒ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
08:54
known technologies throughout,
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ
08:56
all organized into these affordable green neighborhoods?"
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์ ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋™๋„ค์ธ๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:00
Even if you believed me that this was carbon-negative,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ œ ๋ง์„ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„
09:03
how many of our 11 billion people could this possibly house?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ 110์–ต ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:07
It's such a modest model.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
Well, it turns out, if all of us lived at this scale,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด ์ •๋„ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:13
all 11 billion of us would use up
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110์–ต ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€...
ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์ •๋„์˜ ๋•…์„ ๋‹ค ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์…ˆ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
09:17
a landmass equivalent to the size of France.
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09:21
Now, I have a feeling that the French don't want us all invading their country.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋Š” ์˜ํ†  ์นจ๋ฒ”์„ ์›์น˜ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:25
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:26
But I make this point to make a larger point,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋” ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์— ๋น„์ค‘์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:30
which is, we can all live in this transit-rich,
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ตํ†ตํŽธ์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:34
carbon-negative, affordable way,
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ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด ์—†๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋ฉฐ
09:36
and leave the vast majority of the planet for nature,
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์ง€๊ตฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ด‘ํ™œํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
for agriculture, for clean oceans.
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๋†์—…๊ณผ ์ฒญ์ • ํ•ด์–‘ ๋ฉด์—์„œ์š”.
09:42
We can do this.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
We know that residential energy use is so voracious
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์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
09:49
that this model offsets so much carbon,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ์‡„ํ•˜์ฃ .
09:53
it actually more than offsets all of the cars in the world.
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
The impact of this would be staggering.
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๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ƒ์‡„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ฃ .
10:03
So yes, we can go to 11 --
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ 110์–ต์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
11 billion people.
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110์–ต ๋ช…์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
10:08
We donโ€™t need to fear our neighbors.
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์ˆซ์ž์— ์••๋„๋  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
We donโ€™t have a lack of land or technology.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ† ์ง€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:15
We just have a lack of vision,
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๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๋น„์ „์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•  ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
10:17
because the answers are hiding in plain sight.
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๋ˆˆ์— ์ž˜ ๋„์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ํ•ด๋ฒ•์ด ์ˆจ์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:21
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
(Cheers and applause)
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(์‘์›๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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