What You Need to Know About Carbon Removal | Gabrielle Walker | TED

98,962 views

2022-03-06 ใƒป TED


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What You Need to Know About Carbon Removal | Gabrielle Walker | TED

98,962 views ใƒป 2022-03-06

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Dahyeon Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:08
So I'm going to talk to you about carbon removals,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฑด๋ฐ,
00:11
and Iโ€™m going to start with this.
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์ผ๋‹จ ์ด๊ฑธ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
00:14
This is a woolly pig.
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ํ„ธ๋ถ์ˆญ์ด ๋ผ์ง€์˜ˆ์š”.
00:17
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:18
She's gorgeous, obviously,
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ฉ‹์žˆ์ฃ .
00:20
and sheโ€™s also one part in a whole new set of approaches
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๋˜, ์ด ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š”
์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
for dealing with climate change.
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00:26
They are all called carbon removals,
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โ€˜ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๊ฑฐโ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
and they all involve taking CO2 out of the sky
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ,
00:32
and storing it somewhere safe.
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ผ์ปซ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
Iโ€™ll come back to the woolly pig later,
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ํ„ธ๋ถ์ˆญ์ด ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์ฃ .
00:37
but first, why do we need carbon removals?
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๋จผ์ €, ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์™œ ํ•„์š”ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
00:42
Because I know what youโ€™re thinking:
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
00:44
isnโ€™t it easier to stop putting the carbon in the atmosphere
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โ€˜์• ์ดˆ์— ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋” ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ?โ€™
00:47
in the first place?
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00:48
And the answer is yes, of course it is.
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๋งž์•„์š”, ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
00:51
We have to do everything we can as fast as we can
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด์„œ
๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ 
00:54
to stop carbon getting into the sky
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00:56
and stop climate change getting worse.
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๊ธฐํ›„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚˜๋น ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์•„์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
That should not be a controversial point of view at this meeting.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ด ์ ์— ์ด๊ฒฌ์ด ์—†์œผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:05
But the problem is ...
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค ๋’€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
weโ€™ve left it too late.
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01:11
We can't now do it fast enough.
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์ด์   ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์†๋„๋กœ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
I've been working on climate change for more than 20 years,
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์ €๋Š” 20๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ด€๋ จ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์™”๊ณ ,
01:18
and Iโ€™ve talked about it in boardrooms and classrooms
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์ด์‚ฌํšŒ์‹ค, ๊ต์‹ค, ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋“  ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
and everywhere in between,
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01:22
and I was shocked when I found this out,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
but the science is utterly ...
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๊ณผํ•™์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:28
utterly clear.
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01:30
If weโ€™re going to have a fighting chance of staying below 1.5 degrees,
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โ€˜์•ˆ์ „ ํ•œ๊ณ„โ€™์ธ 1.5๋„ ์•„๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ผ๋„ ์žก์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด
01:34
that โ€œsafe limit,โ€
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01:36
we have to have carbon removals,
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:39
and it looks like weโ€™re going to need a lot.
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๋˜ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
Scenarios from the Energy Transitions Commission,
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ „ํ™˜ ์œ„์›ํšŒ,
01:45
from the International Energy Agency,
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๊ตญ์ œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ,
01:47
from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์˜์ฒด์˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š”,
01:50
have all shown that weโ€™re going to need billions of tonnes of carbon removals
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ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ํ†ค ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„
01:55
between now and 2050
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2050๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ
1.5๋„ ์•„๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
to give us a chance of staying below 1.5 degrees.
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02:02
Weโ€™re going to need both reductions and removals.
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๊ฐ์ถ•๊ณผ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
But there's another more heartening reason why we need carbon removals.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋” ํฌ๋ง์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
They also give us a chance --
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์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ, ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
our only chance --
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02:16
not just to stop the problem getting worse,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•…ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ง‰์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:19
but to make it better.
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๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ์š”.
02:21
Because even 1.5 degrees isn't actually safe.
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1.5๋„์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
Weโ€™re not there yet, and weโ€™re already experiencing the fires and the floods
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์•„์ง ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ ํ™”์žฌ, ํ™์ˆ˜, ๊ฐ€๋ญ„, ํญํ’์ด ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
and the droughts and the storms.
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02:30
With carbon removals,
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
02:33
we can take our historical emissions out of the atmosphere.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์—†์•จ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
We can clean up the mess weโ€™ve made,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋‚œ์žฅํŒ์„ ์น˜์šฐ๊ณ ,
02:41
and we can give our world a chance to heal.
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์„ธ์ƒ์— ์น˜์œ ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
So what do the removals look like?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
์ €๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
Iโ€™ve been talking to a lot of people about carbon removals,
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02:51
from business executives to climate activists,
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๊ธฐ์—… ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐํ›„ ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ง€,
02:55
and they tend to go one of two ways.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
They either think of trees
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
02:59
or they think of big, futuristic machines.
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์ปค๋‹ค๋ž—๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
03:02
Nature versus tech;
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์ž์—ฐ ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ,
03:04
green versus chrome.
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์‹๋ฌผ ๋Œ€ ๊ธˆ์†์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
But the more Iโ€™ve dug into carbon removals,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์•„๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก,
๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ž€ ๊ฑธ ๋” ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
the more Iโ€™ve realized this is not the right way to think about them.
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03:13
Because the world is full of ways to store carbon.
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์„ธ์ƒ์—” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
You can store it in trees,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด์—๋„ ์ €์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ† ์–‘์—๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
03:18
you can store it in soils,
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03:19
you can store it in the ocean,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—๋„ ์ €์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
03:20
you can store it in buildings,
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03:22
you can store it in rocks,
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์•”์„์—๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊นŠ์€ ์ง€ํ•˜์—๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
you can store it deep underground.
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03:25
And every one of those approaches requires some combination of natural resources
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๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
์ฒœ์—ฐ ์ž์›, ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋…์ฐฝ์„ฑ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์กฐํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
and human ingenuity
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03:32
and technology.
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03:34
Weโ€™re going to need both nature and technology.
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์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
I'll show you what I mean.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
03:40
So we start on the natural end of the spectrum with trees.
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์ „์ฒด ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:44
Now, I still find it astonishing
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด
03:47
that every single tree and plant on Earth
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๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ชธ์ฒด ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด
03:50
has made its entire body directly from carbon in the air.
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์ €๋Š” ์•„์ง๋„ ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
Theyโ€™re incredible carbon capture machines,
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํƒ„์†Œ ํฌํš ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ด๊ณ ,
03:59
and weโ€™re going to need a lot more of them.
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์ด๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
But we also have to do it right,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
because if you put trees in the wrong place ...
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ชป ์‹ฌ์œผ๋ฉด
04:07
they burn.
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ํƒ€๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
We have to put trees in places where they foster biodiversity,
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์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:13
where they donโ€™t compete with food for land
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๋†๊ฒฝ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
04:16
and where science and technology tell us they are likely to survive
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์—๋„ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
even in the face of climate change.
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04:24
Now, if you donโ€™t want that CO2 from the burning trees
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๋ถˆํƒ€๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›์น˜ ์•Š์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด,
04:26
to get into the sky,
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04:27
you can actually burn the wood deliberately in a power station,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์—์„œ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํƒœ์šฐ๊ณ 
04:30
capture the CO2
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์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํฌ์ง‘ํ•ด์„œ BECCS๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋ฌป์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
and bury it in a process known as BECCS,
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04:34
which also gives you energy as a sideline.
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์ด๋•Œ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:37
But if you want to keep the carbon locked up in the wood,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋‘ฌ๋†“๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:41
there are technological ways to do that as well,
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์—ญ์‹œ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
like this one.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ์š”, ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:45
Look at this.
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04:46
A whole new movement to use wood as a building material
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ณ ์ธต ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์—์„œ ๋ชฉ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
04:49
in modern, high-rise buildings.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์›€์ง์ž„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
Thatโ€™s a good idea for at least three reasons.
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์ด๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์ตœ์†Œ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
First of all, it keeps the carbon locked up in the wood.
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์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ, ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ๊ฐ€๋‘ฌ๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
Secondly, it displaces high-emitting materials like concrete.
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๋‘˜์งธ, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
And thirdly, the buildings are gorgeous.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ๋นŒ๋”ฉ๋“ค์ด ๋ฉ‹์ง€์ฃ .
05:06
Now you can also use technology to help carbon stay locked up in soil.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ† ์–‘์— ๊ฐ€๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
Storing carbon in soil sounds like a good idea,
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ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ† ์–‘์— ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ,
05:12
and it is a good idea.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
The question is how long does the carbon stay there?
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
Because if you change your agricultural practices for one year, two years,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋†์—… ๊ด€ํ–‰์„ 1-2๋…„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
05:20
thatโ€™s fine.
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05:21
But if you ever go back to the old ways,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜› ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉด,
05:23
the carbon goes back up into the sky.
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ํƒ„์†Œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
Thatโ€™s why this stuff can help.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
Itโ€™s called biochar,
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๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์ˆฏ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:29
and you make it by taking wood and burning it in the absence of oxygen
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ๊ฒฐํ• ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ํƒœ์›Œ์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์š”.
05:33
until you get this.
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05:34
It locks the carbon up in the wood,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋‘ฌ๋ฒ„๋ ค์„œ,
05:37
and now it canโ€™t burn away.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ํƒ€์„œ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
05:39
Now, it turns out that biochar is very good for soils.
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๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์ˆฏ์€ ํ™์— ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
In fact, Indigenous people in the Amazon have been using it for generations
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์•„๋งˆ์กด์˜ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€
ํ† ์–‘์˜ ์งˆ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
05:46
to improve the quality of their soil.
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์ด๊ฑธ ์ˆ˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
We can do that on a much bigger scale,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ,
05:50
improve the soil
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ํ† ์–‘์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
and lock up carbon.
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05:52
Thatโ€™s nature
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์—ฐ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ง€ํ˜œ,
05:54
and technology
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05:55
and Indigenous wisdom,
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05:57
all in one sweet package.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง„ ๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
Now you can use technology as well ...
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์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
06:03
to speed up natural processes.
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์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
So this is basalt.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„๋ฌด์•”์ธ๋ฐ ํ™”์‚ฐ์•”์ด์ฃ .
06:07
Itโ€™s a volcanic rock.
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06:08
You can find it more or less everywhere on Earth,
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋‚˜ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:10
and it naturally takes up CO2 in a process called chemical weathering.
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ํ™”ํ•™์  ํ’ํ™”๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ž์—ฐํžˆ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
Unfortunately, it takes thousands of years to do it.
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„, ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€์š”.
06:18
But you can speed up the process if you grind up the rock
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•”์„์„ ๊ฐˆ์•„์„œ ๋ฐญ์— ํŽผ์ณ๋†“์œผ๋ฉด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
and spread it on fields,
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06:23
and then you can speed it up to just a couple of years.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ 2๋…„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:26
And like biochar, itโ€™s good for the soil.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์ˆฏ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ† ์–‘์— ์ข‹์€๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ๋ฏธ๋„ค๋ž„์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•ด์š”.
06:28
You get minerals in the soil where you need them.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ๋– ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋ฉด,
06:30
And when it washes off into the sea,
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06:32
it can also help with another big bugbear of climate change:
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณจ์นซ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•ด์–‘ ์‚ฐ์„ฑํ™”์š”.
06:36
ocean acidification.
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06:37
And if we did this on two-thirds of the worldโ€™s croplands,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋†๊ฒฝ์ง€์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 2์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด,
06:41
we could potentially take up to four billion tonnes of carbon
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๋งค๋…„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 40์–ต ํ†ค์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
from the atmosphere every year,
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06:46
which is a very big chunk of what we need.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์–‘ ์ค‘ ์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์ฃ .
06:50
Now, these approaches so far,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์—๋Š”
06:51
like planting trees,
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06:52
take a lot of land to be able to get them to scale.
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๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ํ† ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
But there is one approach
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ ์€ ๋•…์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„
06:57
where you can actually do it in a very small amount of land,
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๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
but still get to scale.
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07:02
Itโ€™s called direct air capture,
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์ง์ ‘ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ํฌํš์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋ฉฐ,
07:04
and it basically involves massive electric fans blowing a lot of air
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ’๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์จ์„œ
ํƒ„์†Œ ํฌํš ์žฅ์น˜์— ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์–ด ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
over a carbon capture device.
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07:09
Now, OK, this does look like a big, futuristic machine.
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์ปค๋‹ค๋ž—๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์ธ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
I admit that.
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07:13
But itโ€™s still marrying technology with a natural process --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ
์ž์—ฐ์  ๊ณผ์ •, ์ง€์งˆํ•™์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
geology --
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํฌ์ง‘ํ•ด์„œ ๋•…์† ๊นŠ์ด ๋ฌป๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
because when youโ€™ve captured the CO2,
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07:20
you bury it deep underground.
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07:22
This is an artistโ€™s impression of a plant thatโ€™s being designed
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์ด ๊ณต์žฅ ์ƒ์ƒ๋„๋Š”
ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค ์นด๋ณธ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์ด ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
by Carbon Engineering in Texas.
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07:27
And its aim is that it will take up
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ 100๋งŒ ํ†ค์„
07:29
one million tonnes of CO2 from the atmosphere every year.
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๋งค๋…„ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
And I love this bit --
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ข‹์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ผ๊นŒ์š”?
07:34
where does it go?
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07:35
They put it deep underground in the same geological formations
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€ํ•˜ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ์— ๋ฌป์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:39
that the Texas oil was originally squeezed out of.
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ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค ์›์œ ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
I love the poetry of this.
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์ƒ์ง•์ ์ด๋ผ์„œ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
Itโ€™s like reversing the valve
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๋ฐธ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ค์„œ
07:45
and putting the CO2 back where it came from.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์›๋ž˜ ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ค ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
07:48
And recent studies have shown that if you do that,
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
07:51
98 percent of it will still be there in 10,000 years.
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๋งŒ ๋…„ ๋’ค์—๋„ 98%๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
When you put it down,
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์ง‘์–ด ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ณ„์† ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
it stays down.
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07:59
This is still a little bit futuristic.
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์ด๊ฑด ์•„์ง ์ข€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ์•„์ง ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
08:01
Itโ€™s still in the planning and design stages,
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์ด ํƒ„์†Œ ํฌํš ์‹œ์„ค์€ ์˜ฌํ•ด ์šด์˜์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
but this carbon capture plant started operating this year.
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08:07
A smaller scale,
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๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฒŒ์จ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:08
but itโ€™s already doing it.
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08:09
This is Climeworks and Carbfix in Iceland.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ด์Šฌ๋ž€๋“œ์˜ ํด๋ผ์ž„์›์Šค ์•ค ์นด๋ธŒํ”ฝ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
They're using geothermal heat to power it,
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์ง€์—ด๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ,
08:15
and theyโ€™re putting the CO2 into the Icelandic basaltic rock.
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์•„์ด์Šฌ๋ž€๋“œ ํ˜„๋ฌด์•”์— ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
So one issue, though, with direct air capture,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ํฌํš์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€,
08:24
is it takes a lot of energy to power those fans.
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ํ™˜ํ’๊ธฐ ์ž‘๋™์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
And that energy obviously has to be green.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ทธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด์–ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:29
It has to be clean;
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๊นจ๋—ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
you canโ€™t use fossil fuels for it.
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08:32
But it also makes it much more expensive than other techniques.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋น„์‹ธ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
And it takes energy to cook wood and to grind rock,
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๋˜ ๋ชฉ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:39
and so all of those approaches Iโ€™m talking about
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉ์‹๋“ค์€
08:41
are currently much more expensive than planting trees.
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์•„์ง ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์‹ฌ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋น„์Œ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
But we can do something about that.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:48
We can invest in it now,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•ด์„œ,
08:50
do the research and development
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08:51
and get them down the cost curve to make them affordable.
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๊ฐ๋‹น ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:54
It worked for solar power;
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ํƒœ์–‘ ๋ฐœ์ „, ํ’๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์—์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
08:55
it worked for wind;
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08:56
it can work for carbon removals, too.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๊ฑฐ์—๋„ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:59
Remember, we have to get to very big scale:
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๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
09:02
billions of tonnes of carbon removals by 2050.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ํ†ค์„ 2050๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
But we can all help by reducing our emissions as much as possible
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
09:10
and figuring out how to remove the rest.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ• ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
Iโ€™m not talking conventional offsets.
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ƒ์‡„๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
You know, I put a tonne of CO2 in the air,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ,
09:17
and I pay you not to put your tonne in the air,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
09:20
but my tonneโ€™s still there.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•œ ๊ฑด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ฃ .
09:22
No, what I mean is I put a tonne of CO2 in the air,
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์ œ ๋ง์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ,
09:25
I pay someone to take a tonne out of the air, now or in the near future,
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ˜น์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋ฉด
09:30
and we can get to zero and beyond.
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0์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:34
What goes up must now come down.
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์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑด ์ด์ œ ๋‚ด๋ ค์™€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
And if we all do that,
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:41
if we all make that commitment,
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09:42
then the people trying to make removals happen will have the finance
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
์ž๋ณธ, ์šฉ๊ธฐ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
09:45
and the courage
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09:46
and the confidence to be able to get to the scale that we need.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
I donโ€™t know which of all of these approaches,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ค‘ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด
09:54
in the end,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์„ ํƒ๋˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ• ์ง€๋Š” ์ €๋„ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
are going to be the ones that weโ€™ll have to use
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09:57
to get us to the scale we need.
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09:59
But I do know that weโ€™re going to need a whole spread of them,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด
10:04
with nature and technology working hand in hand
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์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์†์žก๊ณ 
10:08
to take CO2 out of the sky
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ 
10:10
and keep it out.
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์ €์žฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
Which brings me neatly back ...
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด์ œ ๊น”๋”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ
ํ„ธ๋ถ์ˆญ์ด ๋ผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ฃ .
10:15
to the woolly pigs.
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10:16
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:18
Now, these woolly pigs live on an estate on the Isle of Mull,
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์ด ํ„ธ๋ถ์ˆญ์ด ๋ผ์ง€๋“ค์€
๋ฉ€์„ฌ ์•ˆ์— ์ง๋งจ์˜ ํ“จ์ณํฌ๋ ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ์‚ฌ์œ ์ง€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
which is owned by Jim Mannโ€™s Future Forest Company.
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10:25
And I know they donโ€™t look very dangerous,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ
10:27
but they are actually the closest you can get
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์‹ค์ œ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ฉดํ—ˆ ์—†์ด ๋ณด์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์—์„œ
10:30
to a native Scottish wild boar
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10:32
without having to have a dangerous animals license.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ํ† ์ข… ๋ฉง๋ผ์ง€์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
And they do what the Scottish wild boars used to do.
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์–˜๋“ค์€ ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ๋ฉง๋ผ์ง€์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์š”.
10:39
They rootle up the undergrowth left over from selective grazing.
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์„ ํƒ์  ๋ฐฉ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์€ ๋ค๋ถˆ์„ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด ์—Ž๊ณ 
10:43
They let the seed bank come to the surface
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์”จ์•— ์ข…์ž๋ฅผ ํ™ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ
10:45
so that native trees can start to grow
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์ž์ƒ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ผ๊ณ 
10:48
and start to take up CO2 from the sky.
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
They're also planting trees in this lovely place.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ณณ์— ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋„ ์‹ฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
Native broadleaf like oak and this beech tree,
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์ฐธ๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ ๋„ˆ๋„๋ฐค๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ฐ™์€ ํ† ์ข… ํ™œ์—ฝ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
and itโ€™s plenty wet enough on the Isle of Mull
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๋ฉ€์„ฌ์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์Šตํ•ด์„œ
11:00
that theyโ€™re not likely to burn.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€ ๋ถˆํƒ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
So thatโ€™s so far, so natural
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง„ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ด์ฃ .
11:05
But they also have machines.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
This one is getting ready to cook wood for biochar to go on the soils,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋•…์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆด ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์ˆฏ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
11:12
and theyโ€™ve also got a quarry with basalt.
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ํ˜„๋ฌด์•” ์ฑ„์„์žฅ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ˜„๋ฌด์•”์„ ์ฑ„์„ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:14
Theyโ€™re quarrying basalt rock.
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11:16
Theyโ€™ve got machines to grind up the rock,
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๋Œ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
11:19
and theyโ€™ve got machines to spread it on the fields.
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๋•…์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
That's three carbon removals approaches in one beautiful place.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋ชจ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:28
Now, itโ€™s just one estate,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ,
11:30
but all of these approaches and more are hugely scalable.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉ์‹๋“ค์€ ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
The world is full of places where you can plant trees
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์„ธ์ƒ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„,
11:36
and put carbon in soil
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ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌป์„ ํ† ์–‘, ๋Œ์„ ๊ฐˆ์•„์„œ ํŽผ์ณ ๋†“์„ ๊ณณ,
11:37
and grind up rock and spread it
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11:39
and capture CO2 from the air
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํฌ์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง€ํ•˜์— ์ €์žฅํ•  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
and find places to store it underground.
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11:43
All of those things.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ, ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์ด
11:44
And thereโ€™s hundreds --
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11:45
thousands of people working right now
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋“ค์„
11:47
to get those carbon removals approaches out of the textbook
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์ฑ…์—์„œ ๊บผ๋‚ด ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
and into practice,
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11:53
and to help us --
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:55
God help us --
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11:57
reverse the damage we have done
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณต๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
12:01
and start the process of climate healing.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ์น˜์œ  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
And when I sat on that hillside,
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์–ธ๋•์— ์•‰์•„์„œ ๋ผ์ง€๋“ค์ด ํŒŒํ—ค์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
12:09
and I saw the pigs rootling
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12:11
and the trees growing
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๊ฐ€์—ด๊ณผ ๋นป๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์™€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ,
12:13
and the machines getting ready to cook and grind,
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12:16
I loved it ...
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋А๋‚€ ๊ฐ์ •์€
12:19
because I experienced an emotion
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12:21
that those of us who work on climate change
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ด€๋ จ ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž๋กœ์„œ
12:23
very rarely experience.
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๋ฉ”์šฐ ํฌ๊ท€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
12:27
I felt hope.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋А๋‚€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฌ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
(Applause and cheers)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์™€ ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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