How to Use Pretty Much, Pretty Sure [Pretty as an Adverb in English]

46,423 views ใƒป 2021-07-14

Speak Confident English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Pretty is likely one of the very first words that you learned when you first
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Pretty ใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸ ใจใใซๆœ€ๅˆใซ่ฆšใˆใŸๅ˜่ชžใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™
00:04
started to study English.
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ใ€‚
00:05
So you absolutely know what it means when you hear sentences.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่žใใจใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใŒๅฎŒๅ…จใซใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:09
Like that's a pretty bouquet of flowers or what a pretty dress.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใ„ใช ่ŠฑๆŸใ‹ใ€ใชใ‚“ใฆใใ‚Œใ„ใชใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:14
But what exactly does that word mean when you hear English speakers
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใŒใปใจใ‚“ใฉ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใจใใ€ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏๆญฃ็ขบใซใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
00:18
say pretty much, I'm pretty sure,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€็งใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€
00:22
I'm pretty disappointed in his response.
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็งใฏๅฝผใฎๅๅฟœใซใ‹ใชใ‚ŠใŒใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡็ซ 
00:25
How does a word that means attractive or beautiful work in those
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ใงใฏใ€้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ใพใŸใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—
00:30
sentences? The simple answer is: it doesn't.
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ใพใ™ใ‹? ็ฐกๅ˜ใช ็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:35
When we look at sentences, like that's a pretty bouquet of flowers.
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ๆ–‡็ซ ใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่ŠฑๆŸใงใ™ใญใ€‚
00:39
The word pretty is being used as an adjective. And yes,
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ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€
00:43
it is an alternative to words like attractive or beautiful. But in phrases,
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ใพใŸใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใชใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซไปฃใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใงใฏ
00:48
like pretty much, I'm pretty sure, I'm pretty disappointed,
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ใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Š ใ€็ขบใ‹ใซใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚ŠใŒใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ—
00:51
we're not using the word pretty as an
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ
00:55
adjective instead,
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00:57
it's being used as an adverb and because the function of the
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใฆ ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆฉŸ่ƒฝใŒ
01:02
word changes, the meaning of it changes as well. In fact,
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ๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€
01:06
as an adverb, the word pretty has multiple possible meanings.
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ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใฎใ‹ใชใ‚Šใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซ ใฏใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๅฏ่ƒฝใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:11
If you're here for the very first time and you don't already know,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅˆใ‚ใฆใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใฆใ€ ใพใ ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€
01:14
I'm Annemarie with Speak Confident English,
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็งใฏ Speak Confident English ใฎ Annemarie ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:17
this is exactly where you want to be every week to get the confidence you want
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
01:22
for your life and work in English and this Confident English lesson on how to
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไบบ็”Ÿใจ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฟ…่ฆใช่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆฏŽ้€ฑ่กŒใใŸใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ Confident English ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง
01:26
accurately use pretty as an adverb,
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ใฏใ€pretty ใ‚’ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆๆญฃ็ขบใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—
01:29
you're going to learn four different possible meanings so that you understand it
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ใพใ™ใ€‚4 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใ€ ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใ‚’็†่งฃ
01:33
and feel comfortable using this word in your own English conversations.
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ใ—ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่‹ฑไผš่ฉฑใงใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅฟซ้ฉใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:39
Plus at the end,
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€
01:40
I'll share tips on how you can easily identify which
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01:44
meaning someone else is using when they use the word pretty as an
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ไป–ใฎไบบใŒใ‹ใชใ‚Šใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ใฉใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’
01:49
adverb.
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็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™.
01:56
[Inaudible].
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01:56
To get us started,
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01:56
let's look at a few of the challenges of using pretty as an adverb.
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[่žใ“ใˆใชใ„]ใ€‚
ใพใšๅง‹ใ‚ใซใ€pretty ใ‚’ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จ
ใ™ใ‚‹้š›ใฎ่ชฒ้กŒใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
02:01
Sometimes when we hear the word pretty in a sentence,
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ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงใ‹ใชใ‚Šใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใใจ
02:04
it doesn't seem to add any meaning at all.
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ใ€ใพใฃใŸใๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:08
And at other times the use of the word pretty as an adverb can raise
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ใพใŸ ใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ‹ใชใ‚Šใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจ
02:12
questions about the speaker's intention.
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ใ€่ฉฑ่€…ใฎๆ„ๅ›ณใซใคใ„ใฆ็–‘ๅ•ใŒ็”Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:16
Sometimes it's used to intensify,
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ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:18
meaning like putting a strong underline under a word and bringing focus to
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ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎไธ‹ใซๅผทใ„ไธ‹็ทšใ‚’ๅผ•ใ„ใฆใ€ใใฎๅ˜่ชžใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆ
02:23
it. Other times, the word weakens the meaning,
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ๅ˜่ชžใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅผฑใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
02:28
all of this depends on the speaker's intention. Thankfully,
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆ ่ฉฑใ—ๆ‰‹ใฎๆ„ๅ›ณใซไพๅญ˜ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใŸใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง
02:32
we're going to address these challenges in our lesson today, before we do,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ชฒ้กŒใซๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎ ๅ‰ใซ
02:36
I want to share one piece of good news,
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ใ€่‰ฏใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ 1 ใคๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„
02:39
the word order never changes when we use the
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:44
word pretty as an adverb,
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ใ€Œใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€่ชž้ †
02:46
it is always followed by an adjective or
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ใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใพใŸใฏ
02:50
another adverb. I know I'm using a lot of English grammar jargon.
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ๅˆฅใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ€‚ ็ง ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ๅฐ‚้–€็”จ่ชžใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:55
So let me give you two clear examples so that we can see this word order
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใฎ่ชž้ †ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
03:00
example, number one, he completed his homework pretty quickly.
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ใ€2 ใคใฎๆ˜Ž็ขบใชไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใพใšใ€ ๅฝผใฏๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆ—ฉใ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:05
So I've got the adverb pretty followed by another adverb quickly
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‹ใชใ‚Š ๅพŒใซๅˆฅใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใŒใ™ใใซ
03:10
example. Number two, he thought the homework was pretty easy. Again,
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ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€ๅฝผใฏๅฎฟ้กŒใŒใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใ ใจๆ€ใฃใŸ ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒ
03:15
the adverb pretty followed by an adjective easy.
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ใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฎๅพŒ ใซๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:20
Now that we've got that,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง
03:21
let's get into the four different possible meanings of the word pretty as an
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ใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใฎใ‹ใชใ‚Šใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฎ 4 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซๅ–ใ‚ŠๆŽ›ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
03:25
adverb. Number one is pretty intensifies.
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ใ€‚ ใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฏใƒณใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆฟ€ใ—ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:30
English speakers can use the word pretty to replace words like very,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใฏใ€ใ€Œveryใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œreallyใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ€Œprettyใ€ใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:34
or really, for example,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎไผš่ญฐ
03:36
we had a pretty productive discussion in the meeting today.
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ใงใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š็”Ÿ็”ฃ็š„ใช ่ญฐ่ซ–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:40
My daughter's pretty talented when it comes to music,
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็งใฎๅจ˜ ใฏ้Ÿณๆฅฝใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆ‰่ƒฝใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:43
she can pick up any instrument and start playing the meeting,
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใฉใ‚“ใชๆฅฝๅ™จใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ–ใฃใฆไผš่ญฐใฎๆผ”ๅฅใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 3 ใคใฎไพ‹
03:46
went pretty smoothly in all three of those examples,
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ใฏใ™ในใฆ้žๅธธใซใ‚นใƒ ใƒผใ‚บใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
03:50
I'm using the word pretty as an adverb to intensify as a replacement for the
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็งใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ๅ˜่ชž ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚ŠใซๅผทๅŒ–ใ—
03:55
word very. And there's a positive focus.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช็„ฆ็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:58
I can use pretty with a negative focus as well. For example,
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ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใ‚ซใ‚นใงใ‚‚ใ‹ใชใ‚Šไฝฟใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
04:03
that was a pretty horrible thing to say. I was pretty worried.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:07
My son would get sick,
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็งใฎๆฏๅญใฏ็—…ๆฐ—ใซใชใ‚Šใ€
04:09
listen carefully to some of the differences in my tone and intonation between
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04:14
the positive and negative focus. That was a pretty productive meeting today.
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ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช็„ฆ็‚นใจใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช็„ฆ็‚นใฎ้–“ใฎ็งใฎๅฃ่ชฟใจใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎ้•ใ„ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š็”Ÿ็”ฃ็š„ใชไผš่ญฐใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:19
I'm pretty worried about my son. What do you notice?
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ๆฏๅญใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸ๏ผŸ
04:24
I tend to use a higher tone and rising intonation when I have
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ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใ‚ซใ‚นใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ใ„ใƒˆใƒผใƒณใจใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
04:29
that positive focus, that was a pretty productive meeting today.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ้žๅธธใซ็”Ÿ็”ฃ็š„ใชใƒŸใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:33
I'm pretty worried about my son.
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ๆฏๅญใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:36
That was a pretty horrible thing to say. When I have a negative focus,
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ็งใŒๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€
04:41
you can hear it in my tone of voice and with my
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็ง ใฎๅฃฐใฎใƒˆใƒผใƒณใจ็งใฎ
04:45
falling intonation.
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ๆŠ‘ๆšใง่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
04:47
Now let's move on to the second meaning of the word pretty as an adverb.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏ ใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใฎใ‹ใชใ‚Šใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฎ2็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:52
And here's where it gets a little tricky.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:54
I just told you that pretty can be used to intensify,
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ใƒ—ใƒชใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผ ใฏๅผทใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎ
05:00
but it can also be used to weaken.
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ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅผฑใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
05:03
English speakers will use pretty to soften an
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใฏ
05:07
adjective or an adverb,
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚„ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ๅ’Œใ‚‰ใ’ใ‚‹
05:09
just like we can use pretty to replace very,
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ใฎใซ pretty ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚pretty ใ‚’ very ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซไฝฟใ†ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
05:13
or really it can also replace words like slightly,
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ really ใฏใ€ stleใ€fairyใ€acute ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ˜่ชžใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ‚‚ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:18
fairly, or quite, for example,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
05:22
I'm pretty certain Tom will be here on time.
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Tom ใฏใใฃใจใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฎšๅˆปใ€‚
05:26
In that example, I could also say I'm fairly certain,
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ใใฎไพ‹ใงใฏ ใ€็งใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆ
05:30
I'm quite certain I'm softening my certainty.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚็งใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็ขบไฟกใ‚’ๅ’Œใ‚‰ใ’ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:35
I'm weakening it. Another example,
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ๅผฑใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€
05:38
Michael should be here pretty soon.
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ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฑใƒซใฏใ™ใใซใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
05:41
Now that we know that pretty can be used to intensify and weaken,
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pretty ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๅผทๅบฆใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šๅผฑใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€
05:45
let's go on to number three, pretty approximates.
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ๆฌกใฏ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎๆฆ‚็ฎ—ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:50
We use it to express that something is more or less or
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅคšใ‹ใ‚Œๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใ‚Œใ€ใพใŸใฏ
05:54
almost as we describe it. For example,
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ็งใŸใกใŒ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
05:58
that's pretty much all I have to say on this issue.
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ใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆ็งใŒ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:01
Considering the housing market, I think their offer is pretty fair.
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ไฝๅฎ…ๅธ‚ๅ ดใ‚’ ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅ…ฌๅนณใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆ
06:06
Are you finished with your report? Pretty much.
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ใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ€‚
06:09
In all of those examples,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใฎใ™ในใฆใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€
06:11
I may not have exactly the offer I want,
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ๅธŒๆœ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใŒๆญฃ็ขบใซๆไพ›ใ•ใ‚Œ
06:15
or I may not be a hundred percent completely done with my
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ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ€ใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใŒ 100% ๅฎŒๅ…จใซไฝœๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใปใผ ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใฆใ„
06:20
report, but I'm close. I'm almost there.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:24
Or it's almost the offer I want.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉ็งใŒๆœ›ใ‚€ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
06:27
It's pretty fair or I'm pretty much done.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅ…ฌๅนณใ‹ใ€็งใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:31
And lastly pretty is unsure. In fact,
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Šไธๆ˜Žใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›
06:35
when we combine pretty with the word 'sure,' it means there's uncertainty.
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ใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใจใ€Œ็ขบๅฎŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ไธ็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:40
For example, I'm pretty sure we made the right choice.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็ง ใŸใกใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„้ธๆŠžใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:45
I'm not a hundred percent sure there's a little bit of uncertainty there,
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ใใ“ใซๅฐ‘ใ—ใฎไธ็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏ 100% ็ขบไฟกใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€
06:50
but I'm pretty sure I'm pretty sure we sent a reminder email to everyone.
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ๅ…จๅ“กใซใƒชใƒžใ‚คใƒณใƒ€ใƒผ ใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’้€ไฟกใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š็ขบไฟกใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:55
We're pretty sure that's the right number to call.
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ใใ‚Œ ใŒ้ฉๅˆ‡ใช้›ป่ฉฑ็•ชๅทใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:59
Before we get into how you can identify what meaning a speaker intends,
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่ฉฑ่€…ใŒๆ„ๅ›ณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Ž
07:02
let's pause here on this last example of
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ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎไพ‹ใง
07:07
pretty sure being uncertain and talk about intonation.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ไธ็ขบๅฎŸๆ€ง ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—็ซ‹ใกๆญขใพใฃใฆใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:12
I'm going to say those three example sentences again,
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ใใฎ3ใคใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„
07:15
and I want you to listen for how I'm using my intonation with those words.
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ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใง็งใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„.
07:20
Pretty sure. Okay. I'm pretty sure we made the right choice.
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ใ‹ใชใ‚Š็ขบๅฎŸใชใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ็ง ใŸใกใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„้ธๆŠžใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ…จๅ“ก
07:24
I'm pretty sure we sent a reminder email to everyone.
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ใซใƒชใƒžใ‚คใƒณใƒ€ใƒผ ใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’้€ไฟกใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
07:27
We're pretty sure that's the right email to call.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใƒกใƒผใƒซใ ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:32
What do you notice about my intonation when I say pretty
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็งใŒใ€Œ
07:36
sure am I going up or down?
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ไธŠใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ไธ‹ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€็งใฎใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ™ใ‹?
07:41
I'm pretty sure we made the right choice.
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็งใŸใกใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„้ธๆŠžใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:44
I'm pretty sure we emailed everybody.
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็งใŸใกใฏ็š†ใซใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’้€ใฃใŸใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:47
We're pretty sure that's the right number.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใ ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:52
When we use that rising intonation,
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ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใจใ€
07:54
it also brings that meaning or an indication of
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ใใฎ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚„
07:58
uncertainty. So in these examples,
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ไธ็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใฎๅ…†ๅ€™ใ‚‚ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ
08:01
not only are we using those words,
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€
08:04
pretty sure to indicate uncertainty.
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็ขบๅฎŸใซไธ็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:07
We're also using our voice to add to that meaning now that you have
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ใพใŸใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹4ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ• ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็งใŸใกใฎๅฃฐใ‚’
08:11
four different ways to use pretty as an adverb,
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08:15
let's talk about how you can be sure of what
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08:20
someone else means when they use it. Are they using it to intensify,
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† . ไธ็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใ‚’ๅผทใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅผฑใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆฆ‚็ฎ—ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€็คบใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„
08:25
weaken, approximate, or indicate uncertainty?
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ใพใ™ใ‹?
08:28
Tip number one is listen for that intonation.
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ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใใฎ 1 ใฏ ใ€ใใฎใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹็จ‹ๅบฆใฎไธ็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใ‚’็คบใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใช
08:33
Are they using rising intonation in ways that indicate some level of
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ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎไธŠๆ˜‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„
08:37
uncertainty? In addition to that, intonation,
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹? ใใ‚Œใซ ๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€้ก”ใฎ่กจๆƒ…ใ‚„ใƒœใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผ ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฒใƒผใ‚ธ
08:40
you can also use visual cues like facial expressions and body language.
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ใชใฉใฎ่ฆ–่ฆš็š„ใชๅˆๅ›ณใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:45
Tip number two, consider the speaker's emotion.
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ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใใฎ 2 ใฏ ใ€่ฉฑใ—ๆ‰‹ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’่€ƒๆ…ฎใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:49
Is the speaker upset, excited, sarcastic, or happy?
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่ฉฑ่€…ใฏๅ‹•ๆบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ ่ˆˆๅฅฎใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€็šฎ่‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅ–œใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹?
08:54
What do you sense when they're speaking? Of course,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
08:58
we can also use the adjectives that follow.
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ใใ‚Œใซ็ถšใๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
09:01
If someone says that was a pretty horrible thing to say,
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็งใŸใกใฏๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใใ‚Œ ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰
09:05
because we're using the word horrible.
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.
09:07
We immediately know that there's a negative tone there,
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ใใ“ใซๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใƒˆใƒผใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ™ใใซใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
09:11
but if someone says I'm pretty excited about my vacation. Again,
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ใŒใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็งใŒ็งใฎไผ‘ๆš‡ใซใ‹ใชใ‚Š่ˆˆๅฅฎใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ . ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Š
09:15
we can use that as an indication of using pretty to
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒ—ใƒชใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—
09:19
intensify and indicate a positive feeling.
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ใฆใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๅผทใ‚ใ€็คบใ™ใ“ใจใฎๆŒ‡ๆจ™ใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:23
Tip number three is analyze the context.
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ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใใฎ 3 ใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅˆ†ๆžใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
09:27
This is something my Fluency School students are definitely familiar with.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Fluency School ใฎ ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
09:31
When you consider context,
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ๆ–‡่„ˆใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใใ€
09:34
what that means is you're not just listening to that one word or even that one
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ใใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚„ใใฎไธ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ
09:38
sentence, but you're looking at the whole picture.
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ใ€ๅ…จไฝ“ๅƒใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
09:42
So you have to consider all the other sentences that were said
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๆ–‡ใฎๅ‰ ใซ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸไป–ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’
09:46
prior to the sentence that includes that word pretty.
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่€ƒๆ…ฎใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:50
All of that together will give you a clear picture of the speaker's meaning
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆญฃ็ขบใซไฝฟ็”จ
09:56
to finish this lesson today on how to accurately use pretty as an adverb.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’็ต‚ไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ่ฉฑ่€…ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซ็†่งฃ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:01
I'd love to finish with a question.
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่ณชๅ•ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:03
I'm curious if you had an aha moment while listening now,
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ไปŠ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚ขใƒใฎ็žฌ้–“ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ€่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
10:08
if you're not sure about that phrase,
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
10:09
an aha moment is a moment of clarity.
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ใ€ใ‚ขใƒใฎ็žฌ้–“ใฏๆ˜Ž็ขบใช็žฌ้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:13
Or when you realize something that you were unsure of
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ใพใŸใฏ ใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใฏ็ขบไฟกใŒๆŒใฆใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใ„ใŸใจใ
10:17
before,
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ใ€
10:18
perhaps you've heard English speakers use pretty in one of these ways and you
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ ไบบใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸ
10:23
never really understood why they were using that word.
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ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ.
10:27
So if you've had an aha moment after this lesson, I'd love to hear about it.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใŸๅพŒใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฒใ‚‰ใ‚ใ„ใŸ็žฌ้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ใœใฒ่žใ‹ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:31
The best place for you to share is in the comments below.
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ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใชๅ ดๆ‰€ ใฏใ€ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
10:35
If you found this lesson useful to you, you can tell me in one very simple way,
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงๆ•™ใˆ
10:40
give it a thumbs up here on YouTube.
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚YouTube ใง้ซ˜ใ่ฉ•ไพกใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:42
And while you do that also click subscribe.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใซใ€ ่ณผ่ชญใ‚‚ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
10:46
So you never miss one of my Confident English lessons.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ่‡ชไฟกใซๆบ€ใกใŸ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹้€ƒใ™ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:50
Thank you so much for joining me. And I look forward to seeing you next time.
167
650100
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ใ”ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ„ใŸใ ใใ€่ช ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ๆฌกๅ›žใŠไผšใ„ใงใใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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