The Present Perfect to Talk about Experiences

18,676 views ใƒป 2023-07-12

Speak Confident English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hey,
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00:00
it's Annemarie with Speak Confident English and this week's Confident English
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€
Speak Confident English ใฎ Annemarie ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠ้€ฑใฎ Confident English
00:03
lesson, you're going to fine tune your English grammar skills with the present
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅพฎ่ชฟๆ•ดใ—ใฆใ€ไบบ็”Ÿ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ
00:09
perfect tense to talk about your life experiences.
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่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:12
What makes the present perfect tense? So challenging is number one,
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฏไฝ•ใงๆฑบใพใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ? ๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ็ฌฌไธ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:16
share some similarities with the past. Simple, with its focus on past events,
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้ŽๅŽปใจใฎ้กžไผผ็‚นใ‚‚ใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใŸใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใช่จ€่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:21
and number two,
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ใใ—ใฆใใฎ 2 ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใ€ไปŠใพใงใซใชใ„ใชใฉใฎ
00:22
it often uses complex time expressions such as ever,
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่ค‡้›‘ใชๆ™‚้–“่กจ็พใŒใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
00:27
never yet before, and so far on top of all of that,
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€
00:32
many languages do not have an exact equivalent to the present perfect
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ๅคšใใฎ่จ€่ชžใซใฏ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†
00:37
tense in English. As a result,
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ๆ™‚ๅˆถใซๆญฃ็ขบใซ็›ธๅฝ“ใ™ใ‚‹่กจ็พใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
00:39
it can be difficult to grasp its meaning and usage,
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ใใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚„ไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
00:43
but not after today. In this lesson,
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ใŒใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅไปฅ้™ใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€
00:46
I'm going to share with you some concrete examples of how to use the present
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็พๅœจ
00:51
perfect tense to talk about your life experiences using those
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ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใ€ไปŠใพใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใชใฉใฎใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆไบบ็”Ÿใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™
00:55
keyword again, words such as ever,
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00:59
never yet before and so far.
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ใ€‚
01:14
But first, if you don't already know, I am Annemarie,
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ใพใšใ€ ใพใ ใ”ๅญ˜ใ˜ใชใ„ๆ–นใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€็งใฏ
01:17
an English confidence and fluency coach.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่‡ชไฟกใจๆตๆšขใ•ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใƒณใƒใƒžใƒชใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
01:20
Everything I do is designed to help you get the confidence you want for your
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็งใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจใฏใ€
01:25
life and work in English. Now,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚„ไป•ไบ‹ใซ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็›ฎ็š„ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ไบบ็”Ÿใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ๆ™‚้–“่กจ็พใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ
01:27
before I get into those specific examples of how we can use the present
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ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชไพ‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ
01:31
perfect tense with those time expressions to talk about your life
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01:36
experiences,
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ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆง‹้€ ใซใคใ„ใฆ
01:37
I want to do a quick recap on the structure we use for
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็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ฆ็ด„ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:42
the present perfect form so you can use it accurately and why it's important
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซใ€ใใ—ใฆใชใœใใ‚ŒใŒ
01:47
in English. So let's start with the structure. In a positive sentence,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใง้‡่ฆใชใฎใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆง‹้€ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€
01:52
we have the subject followed by has or have,
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ไธป่ชžใฎ ๅพŒโ€‹โ€‹ใซ has ใพใŸใฏ have ใŒ็ถšใใ€
01:56
and then the past partisan of the verb.
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ใใฎๅพŒใซๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽป้ƒจ่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:59
I want you to think back to your earliest English lessons.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ ƒใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆŽˆๆฅญใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:02
You might remember memorizing verbs such as eat,
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้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€้ฃŸในใŸ
02:07
ate, eaten, drink, drank, drunk, drive, drove, driven.
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ใ€้ฃŸในใŸใ€้ฃฒใ‚€ใ€้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ€้…”ใฃใŸใ€้‹่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ ้‹่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใ€้‹่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใชใฉใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆšใˆใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ
02:13
It's that third column or third form of the verb that is the past.
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3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅˆ—ใพใŸใฏ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ ๅฝขๅผใงใ™ใ€‚
02:18
Partisan with regular verbs, it's quite simple. It's the ed form, for example,
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้€šๅธธใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸใƒ‘ใƒซใƒใ‚ถใƒณใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€
02:23
work worked, worked in a negative structure.
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ไป•ไบ‹ใŒใ†ใพใใ„ใฃใŸใ€ ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆง‹้€ ใฎไธญใงๅƒใ„ใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
02:27
We have a subject followed by has or have then the word
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ไธป่ชžใฎๅพŒใซ has ใพใŸใฏ have ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒ็ถšใใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซ
02:32
not followed by the past partisan bowl.
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้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ…šๆดพใƒœใ‚ฆใƒซใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎไพ‹ใงใ€
02:35
You're going to see me use these structures again and again in all the
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
02:39
examples I share with you today.
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ใ€‚
02:41
The reason this is so important is when we have this structure,
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใช็†็”ฑใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€
02:45
it communicates the present perfect form in English,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใง็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€
02:49
and what that means is it helps English speakers connect
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่‹ฑ่ชž่ฉฑ่€…ใŒ
02:54
events from the past to the present moment.
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้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใ‚’ ็พๅœจใฎ็žฌ้–“ใซ็ตใณไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:58
It helps us understand time in that particular way,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใง็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
03:03
and this is why it's so important to use when talking about our life
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎไบบ็”Ÿ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™
03:07
experiences.
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ใ€‚
03:08
Life experiences highlight events in the past,
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ไบบ็”Ÿ็ตŒ้จ“ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใ‚’ๆตฎใๅฝซใ‚Šใซใ—ใพใ™
03:13
but your life is not finished yet.
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ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไบบ็”Ÿใฏใพใ ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:18
So there's connection to this present moment. If, for example,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎ็žฌ้–“ใจใฎใคใชใŒใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
03:22
I ask you about your travel experiences,
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็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ—…่กŒ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€
03:25
I'm asking about any and all travel experiences you've had at
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎไบบ็”Ÿใฎใฉใฎๆ™‚็‚นใซใŠใ„ใฆใ‚‚็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใ‚ใ‚Šใจใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๆ—…่กŒ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‹ใญใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
03:30
any point in your life up to this moment. And again,
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€
03:34
your life isn't finished yet,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไบบ็”Ÿใฏใพใ ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„
03:35
so we're connecting those past events to the present moment.
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ใฎใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎ ๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใ‚’็พๅœจใฎ็žฌ้–“ใซ็ตใณใคใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:40
The same is true if I ask you about your overall work experience or your
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ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฎๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใชไป•ไบ‹ใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚„
03:44
relationship experiences, and in each case,
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ๆ‹ๆ„›็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใŒๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎๅ ดๅˆใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€
03:48
not only do we use that present perfect structure,
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็งใŸใกใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
03:50
we also often use those time expressions ever,
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03:55
never before and so on. So let's take a look at how we do that.
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ใพใงใ€ใ‹ใคใฆใชใ„ใชใฉใฎๆ™‚้–“่กจ็พใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€
04:00
We're going to start with a focus on the words ever, never, and before.
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everใ€neverใ€before ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:05
Then we'll move on to yet and already.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใพใ ใจใ™ใงใซใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
04:08
And finally so far at the end,
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ไบบ็”Ÿ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ
04:11
I also have some practice questions for you to make sure that you're able to use
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็ทด็ฟ’ๅ•้กŒใ‚‚ใ„ใใคใ‹็”จๆ„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
04:15
these structures accurately to talk about any life
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04:20
experience. So ever, never,
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ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชž่ฉฑ่€…ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใซใ€ๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€
04:23
and before the words ever and never are used by
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ใใ—ใฆไปฅๅ‰ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎไบบ็”Ÿใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใฎๆ™‚็‚นใง
04:28
English speakers to talk about whether an event has happened at
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ๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
04:33
any point in time of someone's life. For example,
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใงใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ทใ‚ซ
04:38
have you ever worked with Jessica on a project?
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ใจๅ”ๅŠ›ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ ?
04:42
What that question is asking is,
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ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใŒๅฐ‹ใญใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€
04:44
at any point in time of your life up to this moment,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎไบบ็”Ÿใฎใฉใฎๆ™‚็‚นใงใ‚‚ใ€
04:48
have you worked with this particular person on a project?
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ใใฎ ็‰นๅฎšใฎไบบใจใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใงๅ”ๅŠ›ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใซ
04:52
If you're answering in a positive way, you might say, yes,
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€
04:56
I have worked with Jessica on a project we worked together a few months ago.
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็งใฏ ๆ•ฐใ‹ๆœˆๅ‰ใซไธ€็ท’ใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใงใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ทใ‚ซใจไธ€็ท’ใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:02
Or in a negative response you might say, no,
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅๅฟœใจใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€
05:05
I've never worked with Jessica.
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็งใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ทใ‚ซใจไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:08
What that tells me is if we're discussing your entire career with a
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ใ“ใฎใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€
05:13
particular company or on a particular team,
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็‰นๅฎšใฎไผš็คพใ‚„ ็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒใƒผใƒ ใงใฎใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ญใƒฃใƒชใ‚ขๅ…จไฝ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
05:16
there is no point in time at which you've worked with this
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
05:21
particular person on a project.
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ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใงใใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎไบบ็‰ฉใจๅ”ๅŠ›ใ—ใŸๆ™‚็‚นใงใฏๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
05:24
Those words at any time are the key to understanding
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ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ใ€Œ
05:29
the use of the word ever. In fact,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹้ตใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ever ใจใ„ใ†
05:32
we could even replace the word ever with at any time. For example.
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ ใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€‚
05:38
At any time have you worked with Jessica on a project in
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05:42
conversations, on work experience, travel experience,
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ไผš่ฉฑใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใฎ ็ตŒ้จ“ใ€ๆ—…่กŒใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใ€
05:46
general life experiences, and so much more?
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชไบบ็”Ÿ็ตŒ้จ“ใชใฉใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ทใ‚ซใจใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ ?
05:50
We often use the question starter, have you ever?
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ˆใ่ณชๅ•ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
05:55
And when we do,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎไบบ็”Ÿ
05:56
so it is asking if at any point in time of
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ใฎใฉใ“ใ‹ใฎๆ™‚็‚นใง็‰นๅฎšใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:01
your life have you had a particular experience?
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06:04
Here are two more examples of that. Have you ever lived abroad?
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๆตทๅค–ใซไฝใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:09
In other words, at any point in your life,
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่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎไบบ็”Ÿใฎใฉใฎๆ™‚็‚นใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆตทๅค–ใซไฝใ‚€
06:13
have you had the opportunity to live abroad? A second question,
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ๆฉŸไผšใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹ ? 2็•ช็›ฎใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใŒใ€
06:17
have you ever regretted a big purchase?
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ๅคงใใช่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๅพŒๆ‚”ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
06:20
I want to stop here for a moment and go back to talking about the overall
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅฐ‘ใ—็ซ‹ใกๆญขใพใฃใฆใ€
06:25
usage of the present perfect form.
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใชไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่ฉฑใซๆˆปใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:27
How is it connected to the past and how does that past link to the present
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปใจใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใ€ ใใฎ้ŽๅŽปใฏ็พๅœจใฎ็žฌ้–“ใจใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใพใ™ใ‹
06:32
moment? If I ask you, have you ever lived abroad? And you say, yes,
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๏ผŸ ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๆตทๅค–ใซไฝใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€
06:36
I have. I lived abroad for a year when I was at university.
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็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅคงๅญฆๆ™‚ไปฃใซ1ๅนด้–“ๆตทๅค–ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
06:41
That past event is finished. Maybe that was 20 years ago,
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้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰20ๅนดใ‚‚ๅ‰ใฎใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใ†
06:46
it's over.
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็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€‚
06:47
However you are a life again is not yet over.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไบบ็”Ÿใฏ ใพใ ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:52
So if I'm asking you about your overall experience,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใช็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‹ใญใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
06:55
if at any point in time in your life have you experienced something,
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ไบบ็”Ÿใฎใฉใ“ใ‹ใฎๆ™‚็‚นใง ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
07:01
it is the present perfect form that helps us understand those links.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใคใชใŒใ‚Šใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
07:05
And now let's add on how we might use the word before with the
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใง ใซใ€
07:10
words ever and never.
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ever ใจ Never ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ๅŠ ใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:12
The word before implies that up to the present moment,
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ๅ‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ ็พๆ™‚็‚นใพใงใซ
07:16
we have not had a particular experience. Of course,
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็‰นๅˆฅใช็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
07:19
that could change in the future. It might change later today.
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ๅฐ†ๆฅ็š„ใซใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅไธญใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:23
It might change in a few months, but up to this moment,
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ๆ•ฐใ‹ๆœˆๅพŒใซใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€็พๆ™‚็‚นใงใฏ
07:26
we have not had that experience. Here's an example.
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช ็ตŒ้จ“ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปฅๅ‰ใซ
07:31
Have you ever been to this restaurant before? No,
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ ? ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€
07:35
I've never been here before. This is my first time.
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็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไปŠๅ›žใŒๅˆใ‚ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
07:39
Using that word before means, again, up to this present moment.
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ไปฅๅ‰ใซใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใ‚„ใฏใ‚Šใ“ใฎ็žฌ้–“ใพใงใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:43
It has never happened, but it's about to change. In addition to that,
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ไปŠใพใงใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใซๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใช่กจ็พ
07:47
we can use the word before in an affirmative statement as well,
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ใง before ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ ใ€้ŽๅŽปใซ
07:51
to say that you have had a particular experience in the past. For example,
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็‰นๅฎšใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
07:56
if someone says to you, I'm thinking about going to Europe this summer.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใ€ ใ“ใฎๅคใƒจใƒผใƒญใƒƒใƒ‘ใซ่กŒใ“ใ†ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚
08:00
Have you ever been to Estonia? You might respond with, yes,
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ใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใƒ‹ใ‚ขใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€
08:04
I've been there before. It's been a long time,
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ไปฅๅ‰ใใ“ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆ™‚้–“ใŒ็ตŒใกใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚
08:07
but I remember loving it and I highly recommend it. Here's another example.
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ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใฎใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅผทใ ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:13
Have you used this task management platform before? Yes,
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏ็ฎก็†ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ไปฅๅ‰ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ ? ใฏใ„ใ€
08:17
I have used it before, but it's been a long time.
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ไปฅๅ‰ใซใ‚‚ๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ไน…ใ—ใถใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ˜่ชžใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ‰ใซใ€
08:20
I might need a little bit of a refresher before we move on to the words yet and
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ™ใงใซ
08:24
already with the present perfect tense,
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ‚ใซ
08:26
I want to ask you a few questions to think about.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
08:29
Have you ever lived abroad or have you lived abroad before?
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ๆตทๅค–ใซไฝใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ ไปฅๅ‰ใซๆตทๅค–ใซไฝใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
08:33
Have you ever regretted a big purchase?
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ๅคงใใช่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใ‚’ใ—ใฆๅพŒๆ‚”ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใซ
08:35
Have you had an unexpected career transition before?
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ไบˆๆœŸใ›ใฌใ‚ญใƒฃใƒชใ‚ขใƒใ‚งใƒณใ‚ธใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ ?
08:39
Think about how you would use the present perfect form with the words
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08:43
ever, never, and before in your response.
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ๅฟœ็ญ”ใฎไธญใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใ€ๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅซใ‚€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:47
And now let's take a look at yet and already when we use the
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ yet ใจ selected ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:52
word yet with the present perfect form,
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Yet ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ™ใใซไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’
08:55
it indicates or emphasizes that we expect something to happen
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็คบใ—ใŸใ‚Šๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™
09:00
soon. For example, if I say, this week has been so busy,
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ไปŠ้€ฑใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฟ™ใ—ใใฆใ€
09:05
I haven't even started preparing for my interview yet.
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ใพใ ้ขๆŽฅใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ™ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:09
That word yet emphasizes that I expect things to change soon.
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ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ ็งใŒใ™ใใซ็ŠถๆณใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:14
I haven't started to prepare yet, but I intend to begin doing so soon.
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ใพใ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ่ฟ‘ใ„ใ†ใกใซๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
09:19
Here's another example. Have you watched the new Indiana Jones movie yet?
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚คใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒปใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใƒณใ‚บๆ˜ ็”ปใฏใ‚‚ใ†่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
09:25
Not yet, but I got tickets to see at this weekend. Again,
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ใพใ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠ้€ฑๆœซใซ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใƒใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎ
09:29
we're emphasizing the fact that something is going to change or is about to
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09:33
happen soon when we use that word yet to talk about life
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ไบบ็”Ÿ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใพใ ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใใฎ
09:38
experiences so far and add on the word.
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่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ใจใใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ้–“ใ‚‚ใชใ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:42
But it allows us to share a plan of action.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ ่กŒๅ‹•่จˆ็”ปใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:46
For example, I haven't asked my boss for a raise yet,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏ ใพใ ไธŠๅธใซๆ˜‡็ตฆใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
09:52
but I plan to do so next week,
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ๆฅ้€ฑใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใงใ™ใ€
09:55
or Viola hasn't moved yet, but she is looking for a new condo.
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ใพใŸใฏใƒดใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒฉใฏใพใ ๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ‰ใƒŸใƒ‹ใ‚ขใƒ ใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:01
When someone asks us a question in the present, perfect tense with the word,
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็งใŸใกใซ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎๅ˜่ชžใง่ณชๅ•ใ—ใŸใจใใ€
10:05
yet we can answer in the affirmative with the word already to
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็งใŸใกใฏ ใ™ใงใซใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใง่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใ€ใ€Œ
10:09
say that yes,
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ใฏใ„ใ€็พๅœจใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ‰ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ•้กŒใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚ๅˆปใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ‰
10:10
something has happened before the present time by now
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ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
10:16
or before the particular time in question. Let me give you a quick example.
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ใ€‚ ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:21
Perhaps your friend knows that you've been thinking about a applying for a
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไผš็คพใฎๆ˜‡้€ฒใซ ๅฟœๅ‹Ÿใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ€Œ
10:24
promotion at your company, so she asks you, oh,
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€
10:28
have you applied for that manager position yet? And you might respond by saying,
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ใใฎใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใฎใƒใ‚ธใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅฟœๅ‹Ÿใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ ?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ™ในใฆๆๅ‡บใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
10:33
yes, I've already submitted everything I need.
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰
10:37
I'm just waiting to hear back from them. When you use that word already,
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ่ฟ”ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ™ใงใซใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
10:41
you're indicating that you have completed everything
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10:46
that was needed by that particular time, by the present moment.
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ใใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎ ๆ™‚ๆœŸใพใงใซใ€็พๆ™‚็‚นใพใงใซๅฟ…่ฆใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:51
And now let's talk about the words so far with the present. Perfect.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็พๅœจใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ๅฎŒๅ…จใ€‚ ใ€Œ
10:55
Just like with the word yet so far can be used to say that a past experience
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yet so farใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใŒ
11:00
is true a to the present moment.
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็พๅœจใฎ็žฌ้–“ใซใ‚‚็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:03
It can also be used to mean to a limited extent
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้™ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒ
11:08
or a certain extent. Let me give you a couple of examples.
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ใพใŸใฏไธ€ๅฎšใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใใคใ‹ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:12
I've watched three episodes of the Queen's Gambit so far,
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒผใƒณใ‚บใƒปใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒณใƒ“ใƒƒใƒˆใฏไปŠใพใง3่ฉฑใพใง่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
11:16
and I've loved it by using those words so far.
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ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๅคงๅฅฝใใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:19
What I'm saying is up to this moment,
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็งใŒ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€
11:23
I've watched those episodes and I've loved it. It might change.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:27
It might change after tomorrow.
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ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅไปฅ้™ใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:29
Perhaps I won't enjoy it quite as much as I have up to this
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใปใฉๆฅฝใ—ใ‚ใชใใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
11:33
particular point.
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ใ€‚
11:35
I'm also indicating that that is what is true up to this present
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ ็พๆ™‚็‚นใพใงใฎ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
11:40
moment. Here's another example.
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ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:43
So far I haven't been successful in getting my toddler to sleep in
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ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€็งใฏ ๅนผๅ…ใ‚’
11:48
her own bed again, that might change tomorrow,
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ๅ†ใณ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใงๅฏใ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆˆๅŠŸใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใซใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
11:51
but that is what is true as of right now,
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
11:55
up to this present moment.
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็พๆ™‚็‚นใ€ใ“ใฎ็žฌ้–“ใซ่‡ณใ‚‹ใพใงใฎ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚
11:57
Now that you have concrete examples of how to use the present perfect tense to
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ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใ€ไปŠใพใงใซใชใ„ใ€ใพใ ใ™ใงใซใ€ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใชใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ ไฝฟใฃใฆไบบ็”Ÿ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’่ชžใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชไพ‹ใŒใงใใŸใฎใง
12:02
talk about your life experiences with words such as ever,
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12:06
never before, yet already, and so far,
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ใ€
12:10
I want you to practice. I have three questions for you,
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ 3 ใคใฎ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:13
and I want you to try using these structures and these time expression words
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ๆง‹้€ ใจใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ
12:19
in your answers. Question number one,
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็ญ”ใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•ใใฎ1ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใซ
12:22
have you ever taken an online class before? And if so,
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ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณๆŽˆๆฅญใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ ? ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€
12:26
would you recommend it to someone who has never taken one?
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ใพใ ้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ไบบใซๅ‹งใ‚ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:30
How would you answer those questions? And in your answers,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซใฉใ†็ญ”ใˆใพใ™ใ‹ ? ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ›ž็ญ”ใงใฏใ€
12:34
I want you to use the present perfect tense plus some of these time expression
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ† ๆ™‚ๅˆถใซๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ™‚้–“่กจ็พใฎ
12:38
words. Question number two,
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•ใใฎ2ใ€
12:41
have you ever been asked an odd question in a job interview before?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใซๅฐฑ่ท้ขๆŽฅใงๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใช่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
12:46
If so, how did you handle it? And number three,
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ ? 3 ใค็›ฎใฏใ€
12:49
have you ever participated in a competition before? How did you prepare for it?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใซใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
12:54
As always, you can share your example questions with me below.
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ไปฅไธ‹ใง่ณชๅ•ไพ‹ใ‚’็งใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:58
Thank you so much for watching this video for liking and subscribing to my Speak
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ€ ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ€Speak
13:02
Confident English YouTube channel. It really means a lot to me.
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Confident English YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ€่ช ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใซใจใฃใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅคงใใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใง
13:06
I look forward to seeing you in my next video.
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ใŠไผšใ„ใงใใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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