The Present Perfect to Talk about Experiences

23,520 views ・ 2023-07-12

Speak Confident English


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Hey,
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00:00
it's Annemarie with Speak Confident English and this week's Confident English
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”,
Speak Confident English의 Annemarieμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이번 μ£Ό Confident English
00:03
lesson, you're going to fine tune your English grammar skills with the present
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μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œλŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ‘œ μ˜μ–΄ 문법 κΈ°μˆ μ„ λ―Έμ„Έ μ‘°μ •ν•˜μ—¬
00:09
perfect tense to talk about your life experiences.
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인생 κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:12
What makes the present perfect tense? So challenging is number one,
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ ? λ”°λΌμ„œ 도전이 κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
share some similarities with the past. Simple, with its focus on past events,
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과거와 μœ μ‚¬μ μ„ κ³΅μœ ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜κ³  κ³Όκ±° 사건에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”κ³ 
00:21
and number two,
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두 번째둜 ever, never yet before와 같은
00:22
it often uses complex time expressions such as ever,
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λ³΅μž‘ν•œ μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„μ„ 자주 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©°
00:27
never yet before, and so far on top of all of that,
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무엇 보닀도 μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€
00:32
many languages do not have an exact equivalent to the present perfect
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λ§Žμ€ 언어에 ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ
00:37
tense in English. As a result,
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μ‹œμ œμ™€ μ •ν™•νžˆ μΌμΉ˜ν•˜λŠ” ν‘œν˜„μ΄ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ. 결과적으둜
00:39
it can be difficult to grasp its meaning and usage,
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κ·Έ μ˜λ―Έμ™€ μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ„ νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μšΈ 수
00:43
but not after today. In this lesson,
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μžˆμ§€λ§Œ 였늘 μ΄ν›„λ‘œλŠ” 그렇지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 κ°•μ˜μ—μ„œλŠ”
00:46
I'm going to share with you some concrete examples of how to use the present
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ν˜„μž¬
00:51
perfect tense to talk about your life experiences using those
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μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ
00:55
keyword again, words such as ever,
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ν‚€μ›Œλ“œ again,
00:59
never yet before and so far.
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never yet before 및 so far와 같은 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 인생 κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•œ ꡬ체적인 예λ₯Ό κ³΅μœ ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
But first, if you don't already know, I am Annemarie,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ¨Όμ € 아직 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ‹ λ‹€λ©΄ μ €λŠ”
01:17
an English confidence and fluency coach.
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μ˜μ–΄ μžμ‹ κ°κ³Ό μœ μ°½ν•¨ μ½”μΉ˜ Annemarieμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
Everything I do is designed to help you get the confidence you want for your
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μ œκ°€ ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  일은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄
01:25
life and work in English. Now,
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μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ μ‚Άκ³Ό 일을 μœ„ν•΄ μ›ν•˜λŠ” μžμ‹ κ°μ„ 얻을 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 돕기 μœ„ν•΄ κ³ μ•ˆλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이제 인생 κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜
01:27
before I get into those specific examples of how we can use the present
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ ꡬ체적인 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κΈ° 전에
01:31
perfect tense with those time expressions to talk about your life
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01:36
experiences,
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01:37
I want to do a quick recap on the structure we use for
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01:42
the present perfect form so you can use it accurately and why it's important
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ— μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό κ°„λž΅ν•˜κ²Œ μš”μ•½ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ •ν™•ν•˜κ³ 
01:47
in English. So let's start with the structure. In a positive sentence,
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μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ μ™œ μ€‘μš”ν•œμ§€. ꡬ쑰뢀터 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 긍정적인 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œλŠ”
01:52
we have the subject followed by has or have,
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μ£Όμ–΄ 뒀에 has λ˜λŠ” haveκ°€ 있고 κ·Έ
01:56
and then the past partisan of the verb.
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λ‹€μŒμ— λ™μ‚¬μ˜ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
I want you to think back to your earliest English lessons.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 당신이 초기 μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ νšŒμƒν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
You might remember memorizing verbs such as eat,
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λ¨Ήλ‹€,
02:07
ate, eaten, drink, drank, drunk, drive, drove, driven.
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λ¨Ήλ‹€, λ¨Ήλ‹€, λ§ˆμ‹œλ‹€, λ§ˆμ…¨λ‹€, μ·¨ν•˜λ‹€, μš΄μ „ν•˜λ‹€, μš΄μ „ν•˜λ‹€, μš΄μ „ν•˜λ‹€ λ“±μ˜ 동사λ₯Ό μ•”κΈ°ν–ˆλ˜ 기얡이 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ³Όκ±° λ™μ‚¬μ˜
02:13
It's that third column or third form of the verb that is the past.
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μ„Έ 번째 μ—΄ λ˜λŠ” μ„Έ 번째 ν˜•νƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
Partisan with regular verbs, it's quite simple. It's the ed form, for example,
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일반 λ™μ‚¬κ°€μžˆλŠ” λ‹ΉνŒŒλŠ” μ•„μ£Ό κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것은 ed ν˜•μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄
02:23
work worked, worked in a negative structure.
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work work, working in a negative κ΅¬μ‘°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ³Όκ±° λ‹ΉνŒŒ μ‚¬λ°œμ΄ λ’€
02:27
We have a subject followed by has or have then the word
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λ”°λ₯΄λŠ” μ£Όμ–΄ 뒀에 has λ˜λŠ” haveκ°€ λ’€
02:32
not followed by the past partisan bowl.
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λ”°λ₯΄μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 단어가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
You're going to see me use these structures again and again in all the
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02:39
examples I share with you today.
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였늘 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ˜ˆμ—μ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό λ°˜λ³΅ν•΄μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것을 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
The reason this is so important is when we have this structure,
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이것이 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ΄μœ λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμ„ λ•Œ
02:45
it communicates the present perfect form in English,
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μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œν˜•μ„ 전달
02:49
and what that means is it helps English speakers connect
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ν•˜κ³  그것이 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” λ°”λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μ‚¬μš©μžκ°€
02:54
events from the past to the present moment.
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과거의 사건을 ν˜„μž¬ μˆœκ°„μœΌλ‘œ μ—°κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 λœλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
It helps us understand time in that particular way,
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그것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νŠΉμ •ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 되며 ,
03:03
and this is why it's so important to use when talking about our life
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이것이 우리 μ‚Άμ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:07
experiences.
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.
03:08
Life experiences highlight events in the past,
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인생 κ²½ν—˜μ€ 과거의 사건을 κ°•μ‘°
03:13
but your life is not finished yet.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 인생은 아직 λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
So there's connection to this present moment. If, for example,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ§€κΈˆ 이 μˆœκ°„κ³Ό μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄,
03:22
I ask you about your travel experiences,
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λ‚΄κ°€ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μ—¬ν–‰ κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ¬»λŠ”λ‹€λ©΄,
03:25
I'm asking about any and all travel experiences you've had at
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λ‚˜λŠ” 당신이
03:30
any point in your life up to this moment. And again,
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μΈμƒμ˜ μ–΄λ–€ μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ κ°€μ‘Œλ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μ—¬ν–‰ κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ¬»λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 그리고 λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
03:34
your life isn't finished yet,
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λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 삢은 아직 λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κΈ°
03:35
so we're connecting those past events to the present moment.
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λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 과거의 사건을 ν˜„μž¬ μˆœκ°„μ— μ—°κ²°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
The same is true if I ask you about your overall work experience or your
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κ·€ν•˜μ˜ μ „λ°˜μ μΈ 업무 κ²½ν—˜μ΄λ‚˜
03:44
relationship experiences, and in each case,
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관계 κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ¬»λŠ” κ²½μš°μ—λ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각각의 κ²½μš°μ—
03:48
not only do we use that present perfect structure,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
03:50
we also often use those time expressions ever,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„λ„ 자주 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:55
never before and so on. So let's take a look at how we do that.
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. μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
We're going to start with a focus on the words ever, never, and before.
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ever, never, beforeλΌλŠ” 단어에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ 맞좰 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
Then we'll move on to yet and already.
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그런 λ‹€μŒ 아직 및 이미둜 μ΄λ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
And finally so far at the end,
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 인생 κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ ν™•μΈν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ
04:11
I also have some practice questions for you to make sure that you're able to use
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λͺ‡ 가지 μ—°μŠ΅ μ§ˆλ¬Έλ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:15
these structures accurately to talk about any life
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04:20
experience. So ever, never,
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. λ”°λΌμ„œ ever, never,
04:23
and before the words ever and never are used by
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beforeλŠ” λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ˜ μ‚Άμ˜ μ–΄λŠ μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ 사건이 λ°œμƒν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ—¬λΆ€λ₯Ό λ§ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ˜μ–΄ μ‚¬μš©μžκ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” ever 및 neverλΌλŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:28
English speakers to talk about whether an event has happened at
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04:33
any point in time of someone's life. For example,
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. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ œμ‹œμΉ΄μ™€
04:38
have you ever worked with Jessica on a project?
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ν•¨κ»˜ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό μ§„ν–‰ν•œ 적이 μžˆλ‚˜μš” ?
04:42
What that question is asking is,
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이 질문이 λ¬»λŠ” 것은 μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 인생
04:44
at any point in time of your life up to this moment,
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의 μ–΄λŠ μ‹œμ μ—μ„œλ“ 
04:48
have you worked with this particular person on a project?
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νŠΉμ • μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό ν•¨κ»˜ ν•œ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
04:52
If you're answering in a positive way, you might say, yes,
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당신이 긍정적인 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λ©΄, 당신은 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예,
04:56
I have worked with Jessica on a project we worked together a few months ago.
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μ €λŠ” λͺ‡ 달 전에 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•¨κ»˜ μž‘μ—…ν•œ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ—μ„œ Jessica와 ν•¨κ»˜ μΌν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:02
Or in a negative response you might say, no,
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λ˜λŠ” 뢀정적인 λ°˜μ‘μœΌλ‘œ " μ•„λ‹ˆμš”,
05:05
I've never worked with Jessica.
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μ €λŠ” Jessica와 μΌν•œ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 말할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
What that tells me is if we're discussing your entire career with a
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그것이 λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ λ§ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” 것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€
05:13
particular company or on a particular team,
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νŠΉμ • νšŒμ‚¬λ‚˜ νŠΉμ • νŒ€κ³Ό λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 전체 κ²½λ ₯에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ…Όμ˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
05:16
there is no point in time at which you've worked with this
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05:21
particular person on a project.
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ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ—μ„œ 이 νŠΉμ • μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό μΌν•œ μ‹œμ μ΄ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:24
Those words at any time are the key to understanding
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κ·Έ λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ”
05:29
the use of the word ever. In fact,
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항상 κ·Έ λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ μ‚¬μš©μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” μ—΄μ‡ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 사싀,
05:32
we could even replace the word ever with at any time. For example.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 단어 everλ₯Ό μ–Έμ œλ“ μ§€ λ°”κΏ€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄.
05:38
At any time have you worked with Jessica on a project in
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05:42
conversations, on work experience, travel experience,
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λŒ€ν™”, 업무 κ²½ν—˜, μ—¬ν–‰ κ²½ν—˜,
05:46
general life experiences, and so much more?
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일반 μƒν™œ κ²½ν—˜ λ“±μ˜ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ—μ„œ μ œμ‹œμΉ΄μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μΌν•œ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ ?
05:50
We often use the question starter, have you ever?
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ’…μ’… 질문 μ‹œμž‘ 도ꡬλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:55
And when we do,
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•  λ•Œ
05:56
so it is asking if at any point in time of
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그것은
06:01
your life have you had a particular experience?
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λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μ‚Άμ˜ μ–΄λŠ μ‹œμ μ— 당신이 νŠΉμ •ν•œ κ²½ν—˜μ„ ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ λ¬»λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
Here are two more examples of that. Have you ever lived abroad?
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여기에 두 가지 μ˜ˆκ°€ 더 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . ν•΄μ™Έμ—μ„œ μ‚΄μ•„λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
06:09
In other words, at any point in your life,
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즉, μΈμƒμ˜ μ–΄λŠ μ‹œμ μ— ν•΄μ™Έμ—μ„œ μ‚΄
06:13
have you had the opportunity to live abroad? A second question,
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κΈ°νšŒκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ ? 두 번째 질문,
06:17
have you ever regretted a big purchase?
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큰 ꡬ맀λ₯Ό ν›„νšŒν•œ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
06:20
I want to stop here for a moment and go back to talking about the overall
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λ‚˜λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μž μ‹œ λ©ˆμΆ”κ³ 
06:25
usage of the present perfect form.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œν˜•μ˜ μ „λ°˜μ μΈ μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:27
How is it connected to the past and how does that past link to the present
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그것은 과거와 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ 있으며 κ³Όκ±°λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μˆœκ°„κ³Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ
06:32
moment? If I ask you, have you ever lived abroad? And you say, yes,
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? λ‚΄κ°€ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ λ¬»λŠ”λ‹€λ©΄ 당신은 μ™Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ μ‚΄μ•„λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? 그리고 당신은 예,
06:36
I have. I lived abroad for a year when I was at university.
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가지고 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λŒ€ν•™ 닀닐 λ•Œ 1λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ™Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ μ‚΄μ•˜λ‹€.
06:41
That past event is finished. Maybe that was 20 years ago,
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μ§€λ‚œ μ΄λ²€νŠΈκ°€ μ’…λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그게 20λ…„ μ „μ΄μ—ˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ 있고,
06:46
it's over.
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λλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
However you are a life again is not yet over.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 당신은 λ‹€μ‹œ 인생은 아직 λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:52
So if I'm asking you about your overall experience,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‚΄κ°€ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μ „λ°˜μ μΈ κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ¬»λŠ”λ‹€λ©΄,
06:55
if at any point in time in your life have you experienced something,
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λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μ‚Άμ˜ μ–΄λŠ μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ 당신이 무언가λ₯Ό κ²½ν—˜ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄,
07:01
it is the present perfect form that helps us understand those links.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έ 연결을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 λ˜λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ ν˜•μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:05
And now let's add on how we might use the word before with the
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이제
07:10
words ever and never.
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ever 및 neverλΌλŠ” 단어와 ν•¨κ»˜ 이전 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μΆ”κ°€ν•΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:12
The word before implies that up to the present moment,
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μ΄μ „μ΄λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€
07:16
we have not had a particular experience. Of course,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ κ²½ν—˜μ„ ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ . λ¬Όλ‘ 
07:19
that could change in the future. It might change later today.
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œλŠ” λ°”λ€” 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 였늘 이후에 변경될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
It might change in a few months, but up to this moment,
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λͺ‡ 달 μ•ˆμ— λ°”λ€” μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€λŠ”
07:26
we have not had that experience. Here's an example.
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그런 κ²½ν—˜μ΄ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 여기에 μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 전에
07:31
Have you ever been to this restaurant before? No,
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이 식당에 κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆλ‚˜μš” ? μ•„λ‹ˆμš”,
07:35
I've never been here before. This is my first time.
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μ—¬κΈ° 와본 적이 μ—†μ–΄μš”. 이번이 μ²˜μŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:39
Using that word before means, again, up to this present moment.
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전에 κ·Έ 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것은 λ‹€μ‹œ μ§€κΈˆ 이 μˆœκ°„κΉŒμ§€λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:43
It has never happened, but it's about to change. In addition to that,
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그것은 κ²°μ½” μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ 곧 λ°”λ€” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ 외에도 과거에 νŠΉμ • κ²½ν—˜μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 긍정적인 μ§„μˆ 
07:47
we can use the word before in an affirmative statement as well,
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μ—μ„œ beforeλΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:51
to say that you have had a particular experience in the past. For example,
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. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄
07:56
if someone says to you, I'm thinking about going to Europe this summer.
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ 'λ‚˜λŠ” 이번 여름에 μœ λŸ½μ— 갈까 생각 쀑이야'라고 λ§ν•œλ‹€λ©΄.
08:00
Have you ever been to Estonia? You might respond with, yes,
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μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? " 예, 전에 κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:04
I've been there before. It's been a long time,
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. μ˜€λž˜λμ§€λ§Œ
08:07
but I remember loving it and I highly recommend it. Here's another example.
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μ’‹μ•„ν–ˆλ˜ 기얡이 λ‚˜κ³  적극 μΆ”μ²œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ° 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:13
Have you used this task management platform before? Yes,
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이전에 이 μž‘μ—… 관리 ν”Œλž«νΌμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•œ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? λ„€,
08:17
I have used it before, but it's been a long time.
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전에도 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ μ˜€λžœλ§Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹¨μ–΄λ‘œ μ΄λ™ν•˜κΈ° 전에
08:20
I might need a little bit of a refresher before we move on to the words yet and
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μ•½κ°„μ˜ μž¬μΆ©μ „μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 아직 그리고
08:24
already with the present perfect tense,
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이미 ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ‘œ
08:26
I want to ask you a few questions to think about.
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λͺ‡ 가지 생각해 λ³Ό μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:29
Have you ever lived abroad or have you lived abroad before?
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해외에 κ±°μ£Όν•œ 적이 μžˆκ±°λ‚˜ 이전에 해외에 κ±°μ£Όν•œ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
08:33
Have you ever regretted a big purchase?
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큰 ꡬ맀λ₯Ό ν›„νšŒν•œ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
08:35
Have you had an unexpected career transition before?
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이전에 μ˜ˆμƒμΉ˜ λͺ»ν•œ κ²½λ ₯ μ „ν™˜μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
08:39
Think about how you would use the present perfect form with the words
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08:43
ever, never, and before in your response.
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λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  λ•Œ ever, never, before와 같은 ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œν˜•μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν• μ§€ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
08:47
And now let's take a look at yet and already when we use the
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이제 아직 그리고 μ΄λ―ΈλΌλŠ”
08:52
word yet with the present perfect form,
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단어λ₯Ό ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œν˜•κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄ 곧 일어날 일이 μžˆμŒμ„
08:55
it indicates or emphasizes that we expect something to happen
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λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄κ±°λ‚˜ κ°•μ‘°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:00
soon. For example, if I say, this week has been so busy,
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. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 이번 μ£ΌλŠ” λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ°”λΉ μ„œ 아직 λ©΄μ ‘ μ€€λΉ„
09:05
I haven't even started preparing for my interview yet.
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도 μ‹œμž‘λ„ μ•ˆ ν–ˆμ–΄μš” .
09:09
That word yet emphasizes that I expect things to change soon.
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κ·Έ λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” 곧 상황이 λ°”λ€” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κΈ°λŒ€ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 점을 κ°•μ‘°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:14
I haven't started to prepare yet, but I intend to begin doing so soon.
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아직 μ€€λΉ„λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ 곧 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:19
Here's another example. Have you watched the new Indiana Jones movie yet?
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μ—¬κΈ° 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μΈλ””μ• λ‚˜ 쑴슀 μ˜ν™”λ₯Ό 아직 λ³΄μ…¨λ‚˜μš”?
09:25
Not yet, but I got tickets to see at this weekend. Again,
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아직은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ 이번 주말에 λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” 티켓을 λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
09:29
we're emphasizing the fact that something is going to change or is about to
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
09:33
happen soon when we use that word yet to talk about life
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κ·Έ 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ§€κΈˆ κΉŒμ§€μ˜ μ‚Άμ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기
09:38
experiences so far and add on the word.
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ν•˜κ³  단어λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•  λ•Œ 무언가가 λ³€ν•  κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 사싀을 κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:42
But it allows us to share a plan of action.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이λ₯Ό 톡해 행동 κ³„νšμ„ κ³΅μœ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:46
For example, I haven't asked my boss for a raise yet,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μƒμ‚¬μ—κ²Œ 아직 인상을 μš”μ²­ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ
09:52
but I plan to do so next week,
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λ‹€μŒ 주에 인상할 κ³„νšμ΄κ±°λ‚˜
09:55
or Viola hasn't moved yet, but she is looking for a new condo.
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Violaκ°€ 아직 μ΄μ‚¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ…€κ°€ μƒˆ μ½˜λ„λ₯Ό μ°Ύκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:01
When someone asks us a question in the present, perfect tense with the word,
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€ ν˜„μž¬λ‘œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•  λ•Œ, μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ‘œ 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©
10:05
yet we can answer in the affirmative with the word already to
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이미 예라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄λ‘œ κΈμ •μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:09
say that yes,
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10:10
something has happened before the present time by now
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10:16
or before the particular time in question. Let me give you a quick example.
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. κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:21
Perhaps your friend knows that you've been thinking about a applying for a
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μΉœκ΅¬λŠ” 당신이 νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ μŠΉμ§„ 지원에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  있기
10:24
promotion at your company, so she asks you, oh,
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λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ λ¬Όμ–΄λ³Ό κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:28
have you applied for that manager position yet? And you might respond by saying,
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10:33
yes, I've already submitted everything I need.
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예, ν•„μš”ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  것을 이미 μ œμΆœν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
10:37
I'm just waiting to hear back from them. When you use that word already,
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λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ‹΅μž₯을 기닀리고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 이미 κ·Έ 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄
10:41
you're indicating that you have completed everything
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10:46
that was needed by that particular time, by the present moment.
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νŠΉμ • μ‹œκ°„, ν˜„μž¬ μˆœκ°„μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  것을 μ™„λ£Œν–ˆμŒμ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:51
And now let's talk about the words so far with the present. Perfect.
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그리고 이제 μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€μ˜ 단어에 λŒ€ν•΄ ν˜„μž¬μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©μ‹œλ‹€. μ™„λ²½ν•œ.
10:55
Just like with the word yet so far can be used to say that a past experience
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단어와 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ•„μ§κΉŒμ§€λŠ” 과거의 κ²½ν—˜μ΄
11:00
is true a to the present moment.
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ν˜„μž¬ μˆœκ°„κΉŒμ§€ 사싀이라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:03
It can also be used to mean to a limited extent
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λ˜ν•œ μ œν•œλœ λ²”μœ„
11:08
or a certain extent. Let me give you a couple of examples.
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λ˜λŠ” νŠΉμ • λ²”μœ„λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λͺ‡ 가지 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:12
I've watched three episodes of the Queen's Gambit so far,
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μ—¬μ™•μ˜ κ°¬λΉ— 3ν™”λ₯Ό λ΄€λŠ”λ°
11:16
and I've loved it by using those words so far.
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 그런 말을 μ¨μ„œ μ’‹μ•„ν–ˆλ‹€.
11:19
What I'm saying is up to this moment,
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λ‚΄κ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€
11:23
I've watched those episodes and I've loved it. It might change.
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κ·Έ μ—ν”Όμ†Œλ“œλ₯Ό λ³΄μ•˜κ³  그것을 μ’‹μ•„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 변경될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:27
It might change after tomorrow.
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내일 이후에 변경될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:29
Perhaps I won't enjoy it quite as much as I have up to this
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ λ‚˜λŠ” 이 νŠΉμ • μ‹œμ κΉŒμ§€ λ‚΄κ°€ 가진 κ²ƒλ§ŒνΌ 그것을 즐기지 λͺ»ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:33
particular point.
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.
11:35
I'm also indicating that that is what is true up to this present
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λ‚˜λŠ” λ˜ν•œ 그것이 μ§€κΈˆ 이 μˆœκ°„κΉŒμ§€ μ‚¬μ‹€μž„μ„ μ§€μ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:40
moment. Here's another example.
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. μ—¬κΈ° 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:43
So far I haven't been successful in getting my toddler to sleep in
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ λ‚˜λŠ” λ‚΄ 아이λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ 자기 μΉ¨λŒ€μ—μ„œ μž¬μš°λŠ” 데 μ„±κ³΅ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:48
her own bed again, that might change tomorrow,
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내일 λ°”λ€” μˆ˜λ„
11:51
but that is what is true as of right now,
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μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μ§€κΈˆ
11:55
up to this present moment.
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ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. ever,
11:57
Now that you have concrete examples of how to use the present perfect tense to
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12:02
talk about your life experiences with words such as ever,
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12:06
never before, yet already, and so far,
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never before, yet already, so far와 같은 λ‹¨μ–΄λ‘œ μžμ‹ μ˜ μ‚Άμ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ„ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•œ ꡬ체적인 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜μœΌλ‹ˆ
12:10
I want you to practice. I have three questions for you,
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μ—°μŠ΅ν•΄ λ³΄μ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€. μ„Έ 가지 질문이 μžˆλŠ”λ° 닡변에
12:13
and I want you to try using these structures and these time expression words
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ꡬ쑰와 μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„ 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ λ³΄μ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€
12:19
in your answers. Question number one,
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. 첫 번째 질문, 전에
12:22
have you ever taken an online class before? And if so,
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온라인 μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 듀은 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ ? κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄
12:26
would you recommend it to someone who has never taken one?
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ν•œ λ²ˆλ„ λ³΅μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ μΆ”μ²œν•˜μ‹œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
12:30
How would you answer those questions? And in your answers,
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κ·Έ μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ— μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‹΅ν•˜μ‹œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ ? 그리고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  λ•Œ
12:34
I want you to use the present perfect tense plus some of these time expression
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ™€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„
12:38
words. Question number two,
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단어 쀑 일뢀λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€. 두 번째 질문,
12:41
have you ever been asked an odd question in a job interview before?
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이전에 μ·¨μ—… λ©΄μ ‘μ—μ„œ μ΄μƒν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ 받은 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
12:46
If so, how did you handle it? And number three,
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ²˜λ¦¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ ? 그리고 μ„Έ 번째,
12:49
have you ever participated in a competition before? How did you prepare for it?
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이전에 λŒ€νšŒμ— μ°Έκ°€ν•œ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ€€λΉ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
12:54
As always, you can share your example questions with me below.
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μ–Έμ œλ‚˜μ²˜λŸΌ μ˜ˆμ‹œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ•„λž˜μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ™€ κ³΅μœ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:58
Thank you so much for watching this video for liking and subscribing to my Speak
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제 Speak
13:02
Confident English YouTube channel. It really means a lot to me.
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Confident English YouTube 채널을 μ’‹μ•„ν•˜κ³  ꡬ독해 μ£Όμ…”μ„œ 이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό μ‹œμ²­ν•΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 정말 μ €μ—κ²Œ 큰 μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:06
I look forward to seeing you in my next video.
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λ‹€μŒ μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ λ΅™κΈ°λ₯Ό κ³ λŒ€ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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