Basic English Grammar Course | Past Perfect Tense | Learn and Practice

Hi, everybody.

大家好。

I'm Esther.

我是埃丝特。

In this video, I will introduce the past perfect tense.

在这个视频中，我将介绍过去完成时。

This tense is used to describe an action that took place at a specific time in the past.

该时态用于描述

过去特定时间发生的动作。

This tense can be a little tricky, but don't worry I will guide you through it.

这种时态可能有点棘手，

但别担心，我会指导您完成它。

There's so much to learn and it's a very important tense.

有很多东西需要学习，而且这是一个非常重要的时态。

So keep watching.

所以继续观察吧。

我们来看看过去完成时的第一个用法。

Let's take a look at the first usage of the past perfect tense.

This tense can be used to describe an action in the past

这个时态可以用来描述过去

that happened before another action in the past.

发生在另一个过去动作之前的动作。

这里有些例子。

Here are some examples.

‘I have visited China before I moved there.’

“在搬到中国之前，我曾访问过中国。”

No matter what the subject you follow with ‘had’,

无论你用“had”跟随什么主语，

So that's easy.

这都很容易。

‘I had’ ‘Steve had’

“我有”

“史蒂夫有”

‘The plane had’ and ‘We had’.

“飞机有”

和“我们有”。

Then, we follow with the past participle of the verb.

然后，我们跟上动词的过去分词。

In this case, it's ‘visited’.

在本例中，它被“访问”。 “我访问过中国。”

‘I had visited China.’

现在您会注意到第二个动词

Now you'll notice that the second verb is in the past simple tense.

是过去简单时态。

‘I moved there.’

“我搬到那里了。”

And I'll talk about that a little bit more later on.

稍后我会详细讨论这一点。

‘Steve had bought the book.’

“史蒂夫买了这本书。”

Again, ‘subject’, ‘had’ and ‘past participle’.

再次强调“主语”、“有”和“过去分词”。

In this case, the verb is ‘buy’.

在这种情况下，动词是“购买”。

‘Steve had bought the book before he read it.’

“史蒂夫在读这本书之前就买了这本书。”

Again, we have the simple tense of ‘read’ which is ‘read’.

同样，我们有“读”的简单时态，即“读”。

And finally, ‘The plane had left by the time I got to the airport.’

最后，

“当我到达机场时，飞机已经起飞了。”

Again, the first part of this sentence is in the past perfect tense.

同样，这句话的第一部分

是过去完成时。

‘The plane had left’.

“飞机已经起飞了”。

This is the past participle of ‘leave’.

这是“离开”的过去分词。

第二个动词说：“我到了机场。”

The second verb says, ‘I got to the airport.’

‘got’ is the past tense of ‘get’.

“got”是“get”的过去式。

Now what these three sentences have in common is that you'll see, ‘before’.

这三个句子的共同点

是你会看到“之前”。 “之前”或“那时”。

‘before’ or ‘by the time’.

They all mean the same thing.

它们的意思都是一样的。

The verb that is in the past perfect tense happened first.

过去完成时的动词首先发生。

The verb that's in the past simple tense happen after.

过去简单时态的动词发生在后面。

So again, for the first example.

再次，对于第一个例子。

‘before I move there’ That happened later.

“在我搬到那里之前”

那是后来发生的事情。

在此之前，“我已经访问过中国”。

Before that, ‘I had already visited China.’

Do you understand how that works?

你明白这是如何运作的吗？

Let's take a look at the last example.

让我们看一下最后一个例子。

‘When they arrived, we had already started the game.’

“当他们到达时，我们已经开始比赛了。”

So maybe they were late or something had happened.

所以也许他们迟到了或者发生了什么事。

But ‘When they arrived’, this is the past simple tense.

但“当他们到达时”，这是过去简单时态。

So this happened second.

所以这又发生了。

‘We had already started the game.’

“我们已经开始比赛了。”

This action had already started.

这个行动已经开始了。

It started before this action.

事情在这个行动之前就开始了。

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Earlier I mentioned that the past perfect tense can be used to describe an action

前面我提到过过去完成时

可以用来描述过去发生在

that happened in the past before another action in the past.

另一个过去动作之前的动作。

We can do the same thing but also emphasize the duration.

我们可以做同样的事情

，但也要强调持续时间。

How long that first action happened.

第一个动作发生了多长时间。

We do this by using four and a duration.

我们通过使用四个和一个持续时间来做到这一点。

Let's take a look.

让我们来看看。

‘I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’

“我的电脑在坏之前已经拥有两个月了。”

This is very similar to the first usage.

这与第一种用法非常相似。

‘I had’ and the past participle of the verb.

“我有”和动词的过去分词。

This part shows the action that happened earlier in the past.

这部分显示了过去早些时候发生的动作。

The second part, ‘it broke’.

第二部分，“它坏了”。

The past simple tense verb shows the action in the past

过去简单时态动词表示过去

that happened later than the first action.

发生的动作晚于第一个动作。

However, you'll notice that this sentence has a duration, ‘for two months’.

但是，您会注意到这句话有一个持续时间，

“两个月”。

‘I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’

“我的电脑在坏之前已经拥有两个月了。”

All I'm doing here is showing how long the first action had been true.

我在这里所做的只是显示

第一个动作已经持续了多长时间。

Let's take a look at the next example.

我们来看下一个例子。

‘Jim had been lonely for a long time until he got a puppy.’

“吉姆已经孤独了很长一段时间，直到他养了一只小狗。”

Again, we have subject ‘had’, past participle.

同样，我们有主语“had”，过去分词。

然后我们有过去简单的“他有一只小狗”。

And then we have the past simple ‘he got a puppy’.

我们在这里所做的只是强调

All we're doing here is emphasizing how long first action had been true.

第一次行动已经持续了多久。

他已经孤独了很长一段时间。

He had been lonely for a long time.

That is until the later action, ‘he got a puppy.’

直到后来的行动，“他得到了一只小狗。”

And finally, ‘She and I had been friends for many years before she became my wife.’

最后，“ 在她成为我的妻子之前，

她和我已经是多年的朋友了 。”

The first part of the sentence is the past perfect.

句子的第一部分是过去完成时。

It happened before she became my wife.

事情发生在她成为我妻子之前。

But I want to explain how long that had been true for many years.

但我想解释一下，多年来这种情况一直存在。

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Now I'll introduce how to form the negative in the past perfect tense.

现在我来介绍一下如何形成负数

过去完成时态。

Take a look at the board.

看看黑板。

The first sentence says, ‘I had not eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’

第一句话是：

“昨天去之前我没有在餐厅吃饭。”

Again, we have the past perfect tense here and the past simple tense here.

同样，我们这里有过去完成时

和过去简单时。

This one is the action that happened earlier in the past

这一个是过去较早发生的动作

And this one over here is the action that happened later in the past.

，而这里的这个是过去较晚发生的动作。

However, because this is the negative, what I'm going to do is add a 'not' between

然而，因为这是否定的，

所以我要做的是在“had”

the ‘had’ and the past participle of the verb.

和动词的过去分词之间添加“not”。

所以我说，‘我还没吃饭’。

So I say, ‘I have not eaten’.

Or I can use the contraction

或者我可以使用缩写形式说：

and say, ‘I hadn't eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’

“昨天去之前我没有在餐厅吃饭。”

The next sentence is very similar.’

下一句话非常相似。

“ 她上周去之前

‘She had not been to the circus before she went last week.’

没有去过马戏团 。”

Here's the action that happened earlier in the past,

这是过去较早发生的动作，

and here's the action that happened later in the past.

这是过去较晚发生的动作。

However, again, because it's negative,

然而，同样，因为它是否定的，

I put a 'not' between ‘had’ and the past participle of the verb.

我在“had”和动词的过去分词之间放了一个“not”。

Also, I can use the contraction and say, ‘She hadn't been to the circus.’

另外，我可以使用缩写形式说：

“她没有去过马戏团。”

The next sentence says,

下一句是：

‘The cat hadn't chased the bird for very long before it flew away.’

“猫追鸟没

多久，鸟就飞走了。”

Remember, we can show duration,

请记住，我们可以显示持续时间，

or how long the first action was true.

或者第一个动作的真实时间。

by using 'for' and a duration.

通过使用“for”和持续时间。

因为这是否定形式，

Because this is the negative form,

again, I use 'had not' after the subject and before the past participle of the verb

所以我在主语之后

和动词的过去分词之前 使用“had not”

In this case, the contraction ‘hadn't’ is already there for you.

。在这种情况下，缩写“hadn't”已经存在了。

‘We hadn't known each other for three months before we married.’

“ 我们结婚前 三个月​​才认识

。”

这是一个相当短的时间。

That's a pretty short time.

It shows the duration by saying ‘for’, How long?

它通过说“for”来显示持续时间，多长时间？

‘three months’

“三个月”

让我们继续前进。

Let's move on.

Now, let's take a look at questions using ‘had’ in the past perfect tense.

现在，让我们看一下

使用“had”过去完成时的问题。

Take a look at the first sentence.

看看第一句话。

It says, ‘She had eaten lunch by noon.’

上面写着：“她中午已经吃过午饭了。”

Now, to turn this into a question is quite easy.

现在，把这个变成一个问题是很容易的。

All you have to do is change the order of the first two words.

您所要做的就是更改前两个单词的顺序。

So instead of ‘she had’, we say ‘Had she’.

因此，我们不说“她有”，而是说“她有”。

‘Had she eaten lunch by noon?’

“她中午吃过午饭了吗？”

You can say, ‘Yes, she had.’

你可以说，“是的，她有。”或者“不，她没有。”

or ‘No, she hadn't.’

The next sentence says, ‘It had rained before they left.’

下一句话是：

“他们离开前下雨了。”

Again simply switched the order of the first two words.

再次简单地交换了前两个单词的顺序。

Instead of ‘It had’, say ‘Had it’ to make a question.

提问时说“有”，而不是“它有”。

‘Had it rained before they left?’

“他们离开前下雨了吗？”

To reply you can say, ‘Yes, it had.’

要回答，你可以说：“是的，有过。”或“不，没有。”

or ‘No, it hadn't.’

Let's move on now.

让我们继续。

现在，我将介绍如何用

I'll go into how to form ‘WH’ questions in the past perfect tense.

过去完成时构成“WH”问题。

Let's take a look.

让我们来看看。

Here we see at the beginning of each question a 'WH' word.

在这里，我们在每个问题的开头看到一个“WH”单词。

‘where’, ‘who’, ‘what’, and ‘how’.

“哪里”、“谁”、“什么”和“如何”。

Let's take a look at the first question.

我们先来看第一个问题。

‘Where had he traveled before?’

“他以前去过哪里？”

You'll notice that after each ‘WH’ word, we have ‘had’.

您会注意到，在每个“WH”单词后面都有“had”。

And then the subject and then the past participle of the verb.

然后是主语，然后是动词的过去分词。

‘Where had he traveled before?’

“他以前去过哪里？”

The next question says, ‘Who had she talked to before?’

下一个问题是：“她之前和谁谈过？”

这与“WH”词“had she”和

This is the same thing the ‘WH’ word

‘had she’ and then the past participle.

过去分词是一样的。

You'll notice here that we have the word ‘before’, but we didn't write a specific point in time.

您会注意到这里有“之前”一词，

但我们没有写出具体的时间点。

If you see that it simply means before now.

如果你看到它只是意味着现在之前。

The next question says, ‘What had he eaten before lunch?’

下一个问题是：

“他午餐前吃了什么？”

我们再次遵循相同的公式，

Again we follow the same formula, however, here it says ‘lunch for you'.

但是，这里说的是“为您提供午餐”。

The last one says,

最后一个说：

‘How long had she known him before she dated him?’

“在和他约会之前，她认识他多久了？”

Again how long ‘had’ + ‘subject’ and then the past participle.

再说一次“had”+“主语”多长时间，然后是过去分词。

我们来看看如何回答这些问题。

Let's take a look at how to answer these questions.

‘Where had he traveled before?’

“他以前去过哪里？”

‘He had traveled to Europe.’

“他去过欧洲。”是一种可能的答案。

is one possible answer.

‘Who had she talked to before?’

“她之前和谁谈过话？”

Here I can say, ‘She had talked to her brother.’

在这里我可以说，“她已经和她哥哥谈过了。”

‘What had he eaten before lunch?’

“午饭前他吃了什么？”

‘He had eaten sushi before lunch.’

“他午饭前吃了寿司。”

最后，

And finally, ‘How long had she known him before she dated him?’

“在和他约会之前，她认识他多久了？”

‘She had known him for three years.’

“她认识他三年了。”

That is one possible answer.

这是一个可能的答案。

让我们继续。

Let's move on.

Now let's take a look at some practice exercises for the basic usage of the past perfect tense.

现在我们来看看

过去完成时的基本用法的一些练习。

Take a look at the first sentence.

看看第一句话。

‘I blank for six hours before I had a break.’

“我在休息之前呆了六个小时。”

The verb here is ‘work’.

这里的动词是“工作”。请记住，我们需要说“我曾经”。

Remember, we need to say ‘I had’.

No matter what the subject is, say ‘had’.

无论主题是什么，都说“曾经”。

然后，你采用动词的过去分词。

And then, you take the past participle of the verb.

在这种情况下，我们会说“有效”。

In this case, we would say ‘worked’.

‘I had worked for six hours before I had a break.’

“我工作了六个小时才休息。”

对于下一句话，我希望你尝试一下否定形式。

For the next sentence, I want you to try the negative form.

‘We blank TV before we listened to the radio.’

“我们在听广播之前先把电视关掉。”

Remember, for the negative form, we say ‘had not’

请记住，对于否定形式，我们说“had not”，

or we use the contraction, ‘hadn't’.

或者我们使用缩写“hadn't”。

‘We hadn’t’.

“我们没有”。

And then, we need the past participle.

然后，我们需要过去分词。

‘We hadn't watched TV before we listened to the radio.’

“在听广播之前我们没有看过电视。”

Now find the mistake in the next sentence.

现在找出下一句中的错误。

‘Reggie had it be to Mexico before he went to Peru.’

“雷吉在去秘鲁之前先去了墨西哥。”

Well, we have the subject here and for the negative, ‘hadn't’ is correct.

好吧，我们这里有这个主题

，对于否定，“没有”是正确的。

However, we need the past participle of the verb ‘be’.

然而，我们需要动词“be”的过去分词。

所以正确的答案是，

So the correct answer is,

‘Reggie hadn't been to Mexico before he went to Peru.’

“雷吉在去秘鲁之前没有去过墨西哥。”

最后，

And finally, ‘Sally and Jan or they had do their job.’

“莎莉和简或者他们已经完成了他们的工作。”

Hmm.

Remember, we need the past participle.

唔。请记住，我们需要过去分词。

We don't say do.

我们不说做。我们说“完成”。

We say ‘done’.

‘Sally and Jan had done their job before they watched TV.’

“莎莉和简在看电视之前就已经完成了他们的工作。”

让我们继续。

Let's move on.

在这次检查中，我们将看一些描述

In this checkup, we'll take a look at some practice exercises

过去完成时态的练习

for the past perfect tense that describes how long.

，这些练习描述了多长时间。

Let's take a look at the first sentence.

我们看一下第一句话。 “

‘You blank at the park for three hours before you came home.’

回家之前 你在公园里呆了三个小时

。”

Remember, we start with the subject and then ‘had’.

请记住，我们从主题开始，然后是“曾经”。

所以我要在这里补充一点，

So I'm going to add that here,

then we need the past participle of the verb ‘be’.

然后我们需要动词“be”的过去分词。

And that is ‘been’.

这就是“曾经”。

‘You had been at the park for three hours before you came home.’

“你在公园待了三个小时

才回家。”

The next sentence says,

下一句话是：

‘They blank for six hours before they took a break.’

“他们在休息之前呆了六个小时。”

Again, no matter what the subject, we have ‘had’ and then the past participle.

再说一次，无论主语是什么，

我们都有“had”，然后是过去分词。

So the answer is,

所以答案是，

‘They had studied for six hours before they took a break.’

“他们学习了六个小时才休息。”

Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.

现在，找出下一句中的错误。

It's a little bit longer so it might take you a while.

它有点长，所以可能需要一些时间。 “

‘They had been known each other for ten years before they had their first fight.’

在他们第一次吵架之前，

他们已经认识十年了 。”

Can you find the mistake?

你能找出其中的错误吗？

Well, we have the subject and ‘had’, but check this out.

好吧，我们有了主题和“曾经”，

但请检查一下。

There are two past participles here.

这里有两个过去分词。

We need to get rid of one of them.

我们需要除掉其中之一。

We can take out this verb and say, ‘They had known each other for ten years

我们可以去掉这个动词，说：

“ 他们在第一次吵架之前就

before they had their first fight.’

已经认识十年了 。”

The next sentence says, ‘I have played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.’

下一句话是： “

在打进第一个进球之前，

我已经踢了很多年足球

。” 这句话乍一看并没有错。

This sentence doesn't look wrong at first.

But remember, in the past perfect tense, we need to say ‘had’.

但请记住，在过去完成时中，

我们需要说“had”。

‘I had played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.’

“ 在打进第一个进球之前，

我已经踢了很多年足球

Good job, everybody.

。” 干得好，大家。让我们继续。

Let's move on.

Great job, everyone.

干得好，大家。

Now you have a better understanding of the past perfect tense.

现在您 对过去完成时

有了更好的理解

I know it can be a little difficult but keep studying,

。 我知道这可能有点困难，但继续学习，

and keep practicing, and you will get better.

继续练习，你会变得更好。

I know studying English is not easy but with time and effort,

我知道学习英语并不容易，

但只要付出时间和努力，我知道你会掌握它。

I know you'll master it.

Thank you so much for watching and I'll see you in the next video.

非常感谢您的观看

，我们将在下一个视频中见到您。