Basic English Grammar Course | Past Perfect Tense | Learn and Practice

Hi, everybody.

Kumusta, lahat.

I'm Esther.

Ako si Esther.

In this video, I will introduce the past perfect tense.

Sa video na ito, ipapakilala ko ang past perfect tense.

This tense is used to describe an action that took place at a specific time in the past.

Ang panahunan na ito ay ginagamit upang ilarawan ang isang aksyon

na naganap sa isang tiyak na oras sa nakaraan.

This tense can be a little tricky, but don't worry I will guide you through it.

Ang panahunan na ito ay maaaring medyo nakakalito,

ngunit huwag mag-alala gagabayan kita nito.

There's so much to learn and it's a very important tense.

Napakaraming dapat matutunan at ito ay isang napakahalagang panahunan.

So keep watching.

Kaya patuloy na manood.

Tingnan natin ang unang paggamit ng past perfect tense.

Let's take a look at the first usage of the past perfect tense.

This tense can be used to describe an action in the past

Ang panahunan na ito ay maaaring gamitin upang ilarawan ang isang aksyon sa nakaraan

that happened before another action in the past.

na nangyari bago ang isa pang aksyon sa nakaraan.

Narito ang ilang mga halimbawa.

Here are some examples.

‘I have visited China before I moved there.’

'Nakabisita na ako sa China bago ako lumipat doon.'

No matter what the subject you follow with ‘had’,

Kahit ano pang subject ang sundan mo ng 'may',

So that's easy.

Kaya madali lang.

‘I had’ ‘Steve had’

'Mayroon akong'

'Meron si Steve'

‘The plane had’ and ‘We had’.

'Mayroon ang eroplano'

at 'Meron kami'.

Then, we follow with the past participle of the verb.

Pagkatapos, sinusundan natin ang past participle ng pandiwa.

In this case, it's ‘visited’.

Sa kasong ito, ito ay 'binisita'. 'Nakabisita ako sa China.'

‘I had visited China.’

Ngayon ay mapapansin mo na ang pangalawang pandiwa

Now you'll notice that the second verb is in the past simple tense.

ay nasa past simple tense.

‘I moved there.’

'Lumipat ako doon.'

And I'll talk about that a little bit more later on.

At pag-uusapan ko iyan ng kaunti pa mamaya.

‘Steve had bought the book.’

'Binili ni Steve ang libro.'

Again, ‘subject’, ‘had’ and ‘past participle’.

Muli, 'paksa', 'mayroon' at 'nakaraang participle'.

In this case, the verb is ‘buy’.

Sa kasong ito, ang pandiwa ay 'bumili'.

‘Steve had bought the book before he read it.’

'Binili ni Steve ang libro bago niya ito binasa.'

Again, we have the simple tense of ‘read’ which is ‘read’.

Muli, mayroon tayong simpleng panahunan ng 'read' na 'read'.

And finally, ‘The plane had left by the time I got to the airport.’

At sa wakas,

'Umalis na ang eroplano nang makarating ako sa airport.'

Again, the first part of this sentence is in the past perfect tense.

Muli, ang unang bahagi ng pangungusap na ito

ay nasa past perfect tense.

‘The plane had left’.

'Umalis na ang eroplano'.

This is the past participle of ‘leave’.

Ito ang past participle ng 'leave'.

Ang pangalawang pandiwa ay nagsasabing, 'Nakarating ako sa paliparan.'

The second verb says, ‘I got to the airport.’

‘got’ is the past tense of ‘get’.

Ang 'nakuha' ay ang past tense ng 'get'.

Now what these three sentences have in common is that you'll see, ‘before’.

Ngayon kung ano ang pagkakatulad ng tatlong pangungusap na ito

ay makikita mo, 'noon'. 'bago' o 'sa oras'.

‘before’ or ‘by the time’.

They all mean the same thing.

Pareho silang lahat ng ibig sabihin.

The verb that is in the past perfect tense happened first.

Unang nangyari ang pandiwa na nasa past perfect tense.

The verb that's in the past simple tense happen after.

Ang pandiwa na nasa past simple tense ay nangyayari pagkatapos.

So again, for the first example.

Kaya muli, para sa unang halimbawa.

‘before I move there’ That happened later.

'bago ako lumipat dun'

Nangyari yun mamaya.

Bago iyon, 'Nakabisita na ako sa China.'

Before that, ‘I had already visited China.’

Do you understand how that works?

Naiintindihan mo ba kung paano ito gumagana?

Let's take a look at the last example.

Tingnan natin ang huling halimbawa.

‘When they arrived, we had already started the game.’

'Pagdating nila, nagsimula na kami sa laro.'

So maybe they were late or something had happened.

Kaya siguro na-late sila o may nangyari.

But ‘When they arrived’, this is the past simple tense.

Pero 'Pagdating nila', ito ang past simple tense.

So this happened second.

Kaya ito ang pangalawang nangyari.

‘We had already started the game.’

'Nasimulan na namin ang laro.'

This action had already started.

Nagsimula na ang pagkilos na ito.

It started before this action.

Nagsimula ito bago ang pagkilos na ito.

Let's move on.

Mag-move on na tayo.

Earlier I mentioned that the past perfect tense can be used to describe an action

Nauna kong nabanggit na ang past perfect tense

ay maaaring gamitin upang ilarawan ang isang aksyon na nangyari sa nakaraan

that happened in the past before another action in the past.

bago ang isa pang aksyon sa nakaraan.

We can do the same thing but also emphasize the duration.

Maaari naming gawin ang parehong bagay

ngunit din bigyang-diin ang tagal.

How long that first action happened.

Gaano katagal nangyari ang unang pagkilos na iyon.

We do this by using four and a duration.

Ginagawa namin ito sa pamamagitan ng paggamit ng apat at isang tagal.

Let's take a look.

Tignan natin.

‘I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’

'Dalawang buwan kong pagmamay-ari ang aking computer bago ito nasira.'

This is very similar to the first usage.

Ito ay halos kapareho sa unang paggamit.

‘I had’ and the past participle of the verb.

'I had' at ang past participle ng pandiwa.

This part shows the action that happened earlier in the past.

Ang bahaging ito ay nagpapakita ng aksyon na nangyari kanina sa nakaraan.

The second part, ‘it broke’.

Ang pangalawang bahagi, 'nabasag'.

The past simple tense verb shows the action in the past

Ang past simple tense verb ay nagpapakita ng aksyon sa nakaraan

that happened later than the first action.

na nangyari sa huli kaysa sa unang aksyon.

However, you'll notice that this sentence has a duration, ‘for two months’.

Gayunpaman, mapapansin mo na ang pangungusap na ito ay may tagal,

'sa loob ng dalawang buwan'.

‘I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’

'Dalawang buwan kong pagmamay-ari ang aking computer bago ito nasira.'

All I'm doing here is showing how long the first action had been true.

Ang ginagawa ko lang dito ay ipinapakita kung gaano katagal

naging totoo ang unang aksyon.

Let's take a look at the next example.

Tingnan natin ang susunod na halimbawa.

‘Jim had been lonely for a long time until he got a puppy.’

'Matagal nang nag-iisa si Jim hanggang sa magkaroon siya ng tuta.'

Again, we have subject ‘had’, past participle.

Muli, mayroon tayong paksang 'may', past participle.

At pagkatapos ay mayroon kaming nakaraang simpleng 'nakakuha siya ng isang tuta'.

And then we have the past simple ‘he got a puppy’.

Ang ginagawa lang namin dito ay binibigyang-diin

All we're doing here is emphasizing how long first action had been true.

kung gaano katagal naging totoo ang unang aksyon.

Matagal na siyang nag-iisa.

He had been lonely for a long time.

That is until the later action, ‘he got a puppy.’

Iyon ay hanggang sa susunod na aksyon, 'nakakuha siya ng isang tuta.'

And finally, ‘She and I had been friends for many years before she became my wife.’

At sa wakas, 'Siya at ako ay naging magkaibigan nang maraming taon

bago ko siya naging asawa.'

The first part of the sentence is the past perfect.

Ang unang bahagi ng pangungusap ay past perfect.

It happened before she became my wife.

Nangyari ito bago ko siya naging asawa.

But I want to explain how long that had been true for many years.

Ngunit nais kong ipaliwanag kung gaano katagal iyon naging totoo sa loob ng maraming taon.

Let's move on.

Mag-move on na tayo.

Now I'll introduce how to form the negative in the past perfect tense.

Ngayon ipapakilala ko kung paano bumuo ng negatibo

sa past perfect tense.

Take a look at the board.

Tingnan mo ang board.

The first sentence says, ‘I had not eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’

Ang unang pangungusap ay nagsasabing,

'Hindi pa ako kumakain sa restaurant bago ako pumunta kahapon.'

Again, we have the past perfect tense here and the past simple tense here.

Muli, mayroon tayong past perfect tense dito

at past simple tense dito.

This one is the action that happened earlier in the past

Ang isang ito ay ang aksyon na nangyari kanina sa nakaraan

And this one over here is the action that happened later in the past.

At ang isang dito ay ang aksyon na nangyari sa nakaraan sa nakaraan.

However, because this is the negative, what I'm going to do is add a 'not' between

Gayunpaman, dahil ito ang negatibo,

ang gagawin ko ay magdagdag ng 'hindi' sa pagitan ng 'nagkaroon'

the ‘had’ and the past participle of the verb.

at ng nakalipas na participle ng pandiwa.

Kaya sabi ko, 'Hindi pa ako kumakain'.

So I say, ‘I have not eaten’.

Or I can use the contraction

O maaari kong gamitin ang contraction at sabihin,

and say, ‘I hadn't eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’

'Hindi pa ako kumakain sa restaurant bago ako pumunta kahapon.'

The next sentence is very similar.’

Ang susunod na pangungusap ay halos magkatulad.'

'Hindi siya nakapunta sa sirko

‘She had not been to the circus before she went last week.’

bago siya pumunta noong nakaraang linggo.'

Here's the action that happened earlier in the past,

Narito ang aksyon na nangyari kanina sa nakaraan,

and here's the action that happened later in the past.

at narito ang aksyon na nangyari mamaya sa nakaraan.

However, again, because it's negative,

Gayunpaman, muli, dahil ito ay negatibo,

I put a 'not' between ‘had’ and the past participle of the verb.

naglagay ako ng 'hindi' sa pagitan ng 'may' at ang nakalipas na participle ng pandiwa.

Also, I can use the contraction and say, ‘She hadn't been to the circus.’

Gayundin, maaari kong gamitin ang contraction at sabihin,

'Hindi siya nakapunta sa sirko.'

The next sentence says,

Ang susunod na pangungusap ay nagsasabing,

‘The cat hadn't chased the bird for very long before it flew away.’

' Matagal nang

hindi hinabol ng pusa ang ibon

Remember, we can show duration,

bago ito lumipad.' Tandaan, maaari naming ipakita ang tagal,

or how long the first action was true.

o kung gaano katagal naging totoo ang unang pagkilos.

by using 'for' and a duration.

sa pamamagitan ng paggamit ng 'para sa' at isang tagal.

Dahil ito ang negatibong anyo,

Because this is the negative form,

again, I use 'had not' after the subject and before the past participle of the verb

muli, ginagamit ko ang 'wala pa' pagkatapos ng paksa

at bago ang past participle ng pandiwa

In this case, the contraction ‘hadn't’ is already there for you.

Sa kasong ito, ang contraction na 'wala' ay naroon na para sa iyo.

‘We hadn't known each other for three months before we married.’

'Tatlong buwan na kaming hindi magkakilala

bago kami ikasal.'

Medyo maikling panahon iyon.

That's a pretty short time.

It shows the duration by saying ‘for’, How long?

Ipinapakita nito ang tagal sa pamamagitan ng pagsasabi ng 'para sa', Gaano katagal?

‘three months’

'three months'

Let's move on.

Let's move on.

Now, let's take a look at questions using ‘had’ in the past perfect tense.

Ngayon, tingnan natin ang mga tanong

gamit ang 'may' sa past perfect tense.

Take a look at the first sentence.

Tingnan ang unang pangungusap.

It says, ‘She had eaten lunch by noon.’

Sabi nito, 'Kumain na siya ng tanghalian.'

Now, to turn this into a question is quite easy.

Ngayon, ang gawing tanong ito ay medyo madali.

All you have to do is change the order of the first two words.

Ang kailangan mo lang gawin ay baguhin ang pagkakasunud-sunod ng unang dalawang salita.

So instead of ‘she had’, we say ‘Had she’.

Kaya't sa halip na 'nagkaroon siya', sinasabi nating 'Nakaroon siya'.

‘Had she eaten lunch by noon?’

'Kumain na ba siya ng tanghalian?'

You can say, ‘Yes, she had.’

Maaari mong sabihin, 'Oo, mayroon siya.' o 'Hindi, hindi niya ginawa.'

or ‘No, she hadn't.’

The next sentence says, ‘It had rained before they left.’

Ang susunod na pangungusap ay nagsasabing,

'Umuulan bago sila umalis.'

Again simply switched the order of the first two words.

Muli ay pinalitan lamang ang pagkakasunud-sunod ng unang dalawang salita.

Instead of ‘It had’, say ‘Had it’ to make a question.

Sa halip na 'It had', sabihin ang 'Had it' para magtanong.

‘Had it rained before they left?’

'Umuulan ba bago sila umalis?'

To reply you can say, ‘Yes, it had.’

Upang tumugon maaari mong sabihing, 'Oo, mayroon na.' o 'Hindi, hindi nangyari.'

or ‘No, it hadn't.’

Let's move on now.

Mag-move on na tayo.

Ngayon, pupunta ako sa kung paano bumuo ng mga tanong na 'WH'

I'll go into how to form ‘WH’ questions in the past perfect tense.

sa past perfect tense.

Let's take a look.

Tignan natin.

Here we see at the beginning of each question a 'WH' word.

Dito makikita natin sa simula ng bawat tanong ang salitang 'WH'.

‘where’, ‘who’, ‘what’, and ‘how’.

'saan', 'sino', 'ano', at 'paano'.

Let's take a look at the first question.

Tingnan natin ang unang tanong.

‘Where had he traveled before?’

'Saan siya naglakbay dati?'

You'll notice that after each ‘WH’ word, we have ‘had’.

Mapapansin mo na pagkatapos ng bawat salitang 'WH', mayroon tayong 'may'.

And then the subject and then the past participle of the verb.

At pagkatapos ay ang paksa at pagkatapos ay ang past participle ng pandiwa.

‘Where had he traveled before?’

'Saan siya naglakbay dati?'

The next question says, ‘Who had she talked to before?’

Ang susunod na tanong ay nagsasabing, 'Sino ang nakausap niya noon?'

Ito ang parehong bagay sa salitang 'WH' na 'may kanya' at pagkatapos ay

This is the same thing the ‘WH’ word

‘had she’ and then the past participle.

ang past participle.

You'll notice here that we have the word ‘before’, but we didn't write a specific point in time.

Mapapansin mo dito na mayroon kaming salitang 'noon',

ngunit hindi kami sumulat ng isang tiyak na punto sa oras.

If you see that it simply means before now.

Kung nakikita mo na ang ibig sabihin noon ay bago ngayon.

The next question says, ‘What had he eaten before lunch?’

Ang susunod na tanong ay nagsasabing,

'Ano ang nakain niya bago ang tanghalian?'

Muli naming sinusunod ang parehong pormula,

Again we follow the same formula, however, here it says ‘lunch for you'.

gayunpaman, dito nakasulat ang 'tanghalian para sa iyo'.

The last one says,

Sabi ng huli,

‘How long had she known him before she dated him?’

'Gaano katagal niya nakilala siya bago niya ito nakipag-date?'

Again how long ‘had’ + ‘subject’ and then the past participle.

Muli kung gaano katagal 'may' + 'paksa' at pagkatapos ay ang past participle.

Tingnan natin kung paano sasagutin ang mga tanong na ito.

Let's take a look at how to answer these questions.

‘Where had he traveled before?’

'Saan siya naglakbay dati?'

‘He had traveled to Europe.’

'Naglakbay siya sa Europa.' ay isang posibleng sagot.

is one possible answer.

‘Who had she talked to before?’

'Sino ang nakausap niya noon?'

Here I can say, ‘She had talked to her brother.’

Dito ko masasabi, 'Nakipag-usap siya sa kanyang kapatid.'

‘What had he eaten before lunch?’

'Ano ang nakain niya bago ang tanghalian?'

‘He had eaten sushi before lunch.’

'Kumain siya ng sushi bago ang tanghalian.'

At panghuli,

And finally, ‘How long had she known him before she dated him?’

'Gaano katagal niya nakilala siya bago niya ito nakipag-date?'

‘She had known him for three years.’

'Tatlong taon na niya itong kilala.'

That is one possible answer.

Iyon ay isang posibleng sagot.

Mag-move on na tayo.

Let's move on.

Now let's take a look at some practice exercises for the basic usage of the past perfect tense.

Ngayon tingnan natin ang ilang pagsasanay na pagsasanay

para sa pangunahing paggamit ng past perfect tense.

Take a look at the first sentence.

Tingnan ang unang pangungusap.

‘I blank for six hours before I had a break.’

'Blanko ako ng anim na oras bago ako magpahinga.'

The verb here is ‘work’.

Ang pandiwa dito ay 'trabaho'. Tandaan, kailangan nating sabihin ang 'I had'.

Remember, we need to say ‘I had’.

No matter what the subject is, say ‘had’.

Anuman ang paksa, sabihin ang 'nagkaroon'.

At pagkatapos, kunin mo ang past participle ng pandiwa.

And then, you take the past participle of the verb.

Sa kasong ito, sasabihin naming 'nagtrabaho'.

In this case, we would say ‘worked’.

‘I had worked for six hours before I had a break.’

'Nagtrabaho ako ng anim na oras bago ako nagpahinga.'

Para sa susunod na pangungusap, gusto kong subukan mo ang negatibong anyo.

For the next sentence, I want you to try the negative form.

‘We blank TV before we listened to the radio.’

'Blanko namin ang TV bago kami nakinig sa radyo.'

Remember, for the negative form, we say ‘had not’

Tandaan, para sa negatibong anyo, sinasabi nating 'wala pa'

or we use the contraction, ‘hadn't’.

o ginagamit natin ang contraction, 'hindi pa'.

‘We hadn’t’.

'Hindi namin ginawa'.

And then, we need the past participle.

At pagkatapos, kailangan natin ang past participle.

‘We hadn't watched TV before we listened to the radio.’

'Hindi kami nanonood ng TV bago kami nakinig sa radyo.'

Now find the mistake in the next sentence.

Ngayon hanapin ang pagkakamali sa susunod na pangungusap.

‘Reggie had it be to Mexico before he went to Peru.’

'Napunta si Reggie sa Mexico bago siya pumunta sa Peru.'

Well, we have the subject here and for the negative, ‘hadn't’ is correct.

Well, mayroon kaming paksa dito

at para sa negatibo, 'hindi' ay tama.

However, we need the past participle of the verb ‘be’.

Gayunpaman, kailangan natin ang past participle ng pandiwa na 'be'.

Kaya ang tamang sagot ay,

So the correct answer is,

‘Reggie hadn't been to Mexico before he went to Peru.’

'Hindi pa nakapunta si Reggie sa Mexico bago siya pumunta sa Peru.'

At sa wakas,

And finally, ‘Sally and Jan or they had do their job.’

'Sally at Jan o ginawa nila ang kanilang trabaho.'

Hmm.

Remember, we need the past participle.

Hmm. Tandaan, kailangan natin ang past participle.

We don't say do.

Hindi namin sinasabing gawin. Sabi namin 'tapos na'.

We say ‘done’.

‘Sally and Jan had done their job before they watched TV.’

'Ginawa na nina Sally at Jan ang kanilang trabaho bago sila manood ng TV.'

Mag-move on na tayo.

Let's move on.

Sa pagsusuring ito, titingnan natin ang ilang

In this checkup, we'll take a look at some practice exercises

pagsasanay para sa past perfect tense

for the past perfect tense that describes how long.

na naglalarawan kung gaano katagal.

Let's take a look at the first sentence.

Tingnan natin ang unang pangungusap.

‘You blank at the park for three hours before you came home.’

'Blanko ka sa park sa loob ng tatlong oras

bago ka umuwi.'

Remember, we start with the subject and then ‘had’.

Tandaan, nagsisimula tayo sa paksa at pagkatapos ay 'nagkaroon'.

Kaya't idadagdag ko iyan dito,

So I'm going to add that here,

then we need the past participle of the verb ‘be’.

pagkatapos ay kailangan natin ang past participle ng pandiwa na 'be'.

And that is ‘been’.

At iyon ay 'naging'.

‘You had been at the park for three hours before you came home.’

'Tatlong oras ka na sa parke

bago ka umuwi.'

The next sentence says,

Ang susunod na pangungusap ay nagsasabing,

‘They blank for six hours before they took a break.’

'Blanko sila sa loob ng anim na oras bago sila magpahinga.'

Again, no matter what the subject, we have ‘had’ and then the past participle.

Muli, kahit na ano ang paksa,

mayroon tayong 'mayroon' at pagkatapos ay ang past participle.

So the answer is,

Kaya ang sagot ay,

‘They had studied for six hours before they took a break.’

'Nag-aral sila ng anim na oras bago sila nagpahinga.'

Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.

Ngayon, hanapin ang pagkakamali sa susunod na pangungusap.

It's a little bit longer so it might take you a while.

Medyo mahaba pa kaya baka matagalan ka.

‘They had been known each other for ten years before they had their first fight.’

'Sampung taon na silang magkakilala

bago sila nagkaroon ng kanilang unang laban.'

Can you find the mistake?

Maaari mong mahanap ang pagkakamali?

Well, we have the subject and ‘had’, but check this out.

Well, mayroon kaming paksa at 'nagkaroon',

ngunit tingnan ito.

There are two past participles here.

Mayroong dalawang past participle dito.

We need to get rid of one of them.

Kailangan nating alisin ang isa sa kanila.

We can take out this verb and say, ‘They had known each other for ten years

Maaari nating alisin ang pandiwang ito at sabihing,

'Nagkakilala sila sa loob ng sampung taon

before they had their first fight.’

bago sila nagkaroon ng kanilang unang laban.'

The next sentence says, ‘I have played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.’

Ang susunod na pangungusap ay nagsasabing,

'Naglaro ako ng soccer sa loob ng maraming taon

bago ako nakapuntos ng aking unang layunin.'

Ang pangungusap na ito ay hindi mukhang mali sa una.

This sentence doesn't look wrong at first.

But remember, in the past perfect tense, we need to say ‘had’.

Ngunit tandaan, sa past perfect tense,

kailangan nating sabihin na 'may'.

‘I had played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.’

'Naglaro ako ng soccer sa loob ng maraming taon

bago ko naiiskor ang aking unang layunin.'

Good job, everybody.

Magandang trabaho, lahat. Mag-move on na tayo.

Let's move on.

Great job, everyone.

Mahusay na trabaho, lahat.

Now you have a better understanding of the past perfect tense.

Ngayon ay mayroon kang mas mahusay na pag-unawa

sa past perfect tense.

I know it can be a little difficult but keep studying,

Alam kong medyo mahirap ito ngunit patuloy na mag-aral,

and keep practicing, and you will get better.

at patuloy na magsanay, at gagaling ka.

I know studying English is not easy but with time and effort,

Alam kong hindi madali ang pag-aaral ng Ingles

ngunit sa oras at pagsisikap, alam kong madarama mo ito.

I know you'll master it.

Thank you so much for watching and I'll see you in the next video.

Maraming salamat sa panonood

at magkikita-kita tayo sa susunod na video.