American English - AA [æ] Vowel - How to make the AA Vowel

849,689 views ・ 2016-01-12

Rachel's English


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:00
In this American English pronunciation
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在這美國英語(美語)發音影片中,
00:03
video, we’re going to learn how to
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我們將會學習
00:05
pronounce the AA as in BAT vowel.
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如何發出「æ」,Bat「bæt」。
00:16
This is a sound that changes depending
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這個音的變化
00:19
on the following sound. So, it can either
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取決於接下來的音。
所以它可以是清晰元音或是修飾原音。
00:22
be a pure vowel or a modified vowel.
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00:25
We’ll go over both in this video.
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在這影片中我們會仔細看這兩者。
00:29
To make the pure AA vowel, the jaw
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發出清晰元音「æ」時,
00:32
drops quite a bit, AA.
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下巴大幅下垂,「æ」。
00:37
The tip of the tongue stays forward; it’s
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舌尖停留在前邊,
00:39
touching the back of the bottom front
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接觸到下齒後邊
00:41
teeth, AA. The back part of the tongue
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「æ」,舌頭伸展上至後邊部份
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stretches up.
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00:47
The tongue is wide, AA. Because the
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舌頭大張,「æ」,
00:52
tongue is high in the back and low in
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因為舌頭後段在高處和
00:54
the front, you can see a lot of it. This is
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前段在下面,你可以看見更多關於這個。
00:57
different from the 'ah' as in 'father'
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這不同於「ɑː」,father「fɑːðər」
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vowel, for example, where the tongue
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例如,在舌頭
01:02
presses down in the back and you see
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推向後面和在嘴裡你能看到
01:05
more dark space in the mouth. AA, AH.
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更多黑色空間。「ɑː」,「æ」。
01:13
You can also see the corners of the
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你還可以看到嘴角
01:15
mouth pull back and up a little bit. AA.
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拉向後面和升起了點。「æ」。
01:20
Let’s take a look at the pure AA vowel
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謁我們近距離和慢動作來看看清晰元音「æ」。
01:23
up close and in slow motion.
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舌尖朝下和
01:27
The tongue tip is down and the back of
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01:29
the tongue lifts. Here’s the word ‘sat’.
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舌後段升起。Sat「sæt」。
01:34
The tongue position is easy to see
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舌頭的位置很易就能看見,
01:37
because of the jaw drop needed for this
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因為下巴需要下垂來發這個音。
01:40
vowel.
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當「æ」重讀時,
01:43
When AA is in a stressed syllable, the
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01:46
vowel will go up and come down in
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這個元音會延長和同時把聲調降低。
01:48
pitch, AA. Sat, AA. In an unstressed
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「æ」,Sat「sæt」,「æ」。
在非重讀音節中,
01:57
syllable, the vowel is flatter and lower
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只需要平坦、低和輕聲,「æ」。
01:59
in pitch, quieter, aa. This vowel is
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這元音在
02:05
unstressed in the second syllable of
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非重讀第二個音backtrack「bæktræk」。
02:08
‘backtrack’. Let’s look up close and
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讓我們近距離和慢動作看看。
02:11
in slow motion.
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02:13
In the first, stressed syllable, the jaw
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首先,重讀音節中下巴下垂,
02:16
drops, and we see the corners of the
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並且我們看到嘴角
02:18
lips pull back and up for the stressed
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拉回來和升起一點來發出「æ」
02:21
AA. In the unstressed syllable, the jaw
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在非重讀音節中,
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drops less. Let’s compare them.
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下巴下垂程度減少。讓我們比較一下。
02:28
On top is the stressed AA. You can see
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在上面是重讀的「æ」,你可以看見
02:31
the jaw drops more. For the unstressed
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下巴下垂更多。在非重讀「æ」中,
02:35
AA, the corners of the lips are a little
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嘴角比起重讀時更加放鬆
02:37
more relaxed than in the stressed
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02:39
version, where they pull slightly back
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並且會稍微拉回來和向上升
02:42
and up.
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02:43
Generally, the unstressed version of a
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通常而言,非重讀音節
02:45
vowel or diphthong is more relaxed and
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或者雙元音都會更放鬆
02:48
doesn’t take the full mouth position, in
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和不會做出完整的嘴型,
02:51
this case, a little less jaw drop, and
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在這個時候,減少下巴下垂度
02:53
relaxed lips. This is because unstressed
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和放鬆嘴唇。這是因為非重讀音節更短
02:57
syllables are shorter, so we don’t take
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所以我們沒有足夠時間去造出完整的嘴型。
03:00
the time to make the full position.
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03:03
At the beginning of this video, I said the
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在影片開始時,我說過
03:06
AA vowel is not always a pure AA. This
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「æ」並不是總是清晰的「æ」。
03:10
vowel changes when it’s followed by a
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這元音會隨著之後的鼻的輔音而變化。
03:12
nasal consonant. When it’s followed by
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當「æ」後面是M或N音時,
03:15
the M or N sounds, the tongue relaxes
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03:19
in the back, making an UH sound after
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放璧舌頭後段在「æ」之後發出「ʌ」音,「æ-ʌ」。
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AA. AA-UH. It’s not a pure AA sound.
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它並不是清晰的「æ」
03:28
Unfortunately, this change is not
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不幸地,這個改變沒有
03:31
represented in the International
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展示在IPA。
03:33
Phonetic Alphabet. It’s still written with
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IPA仍寫成是
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the same AA symbol. So, you just have
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一樣的「æ」。所以你只有
03:41
to know when it’s followed by [m] or
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去記住當「æ」跟在M或N時,他們是不同的。
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[n], it’s different.
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我們不會說「mæn」「æ」「mæn」,清晰的「æ」
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We don’t say ‘man’, aa, ‘man’, with a
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03:52
pure AA. We say ‘man’, aa-uh, aa-uh,
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我們會說「mæ-ʌn」,「æ-ʌ」,「æ-ʌ」,
04:00
relaxing the tongue and corners of the
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在輔音前放鬆你的舌頭和嘴角
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lips before the consonant. You can
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你可以考慮到這「ʌ」放鬆像是「ʌ」
04:05
think of this UH relaxation as the ‘uh’ as
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04:09
in ‘butter’ sound or schwa sound. Let’s
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作為butter「bʌtər」或者弱讀音。
04:13
look up close and in slow motion at the
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讓我們近距離和慢動作看例字「Exam」。
04:16
word ‘exam’.
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04:19
First we see the familiar shape of the
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首先我們看當「æ」重讀時熱悉的嘴型,
04:21
mouth, when the AA is in a stressed
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04:23
syllable. Watch how the relaxation
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看放鬆是如何發生的︰
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happens: the corners of the lips relax
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嘴角放鬆,
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in. The tongue will relax down in the
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舌尖後段會放鬆下來
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back. And the lips close for the M
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並且嘴會閉上以發出M音。
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consonant.
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04:40
This relaxation of the corner of the lips
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這嘴角放鬆
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and back of the tongue happens when
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和舌頭後段還會發生於
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the AA vowel is followed by the N
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當「æ」後面
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consonant as well. For example, the
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是N音的時候,例如︰Hand「hænd」
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word ‘hand’. Haa-uhnd. Hand.
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「Hæ-ʌ~~~d」,「hæ-ʌd」。
04:58
So, when you see this symbol followed
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所以當你看到「æ」後面
05:01
by this symbol or this symbol, it’s no
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跟著「M」或是「N」的時候,
05:05
longer a pure AA. Think of relaxing out
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不要發出清晰元音「æ」,記得發「æ-ʌ」
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of the vowel, AA-UH.
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05:12
If the next sound is the NG consonant,
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如果之後的音是「ŋ」音,
05:15
it’s a little different. Rather than ‘aa-
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他有一點不同,而不是「æ-ʌ」
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uh’, the vowel changes into AY. It’s
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「æ」會變成「eɪ」。
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really like the AY as in SAY diphthong.
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他確實像Say「seɪ」中雙元音的「eɪ」。
05:28
First, the middle part of the tongue lifts
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首先,舌頭的中間部份先升起
05:31
towards the roof of the mouth, then the
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頂上口的硬齶,
05:34
front part of the tongue. Let’s watch
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接著是舌頭前段頂上。
05:37
‘gang’ up close and in slow motion.
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讓我們近距離和慢動作看Gang「ɡeɪŋ」。
05:41
The position for the first sound looks a
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頭一個聲音看起來很像是「æ」,
05:44
lot like AA, but the part of the tongue
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但舌頭的部份抬起得更加前。
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lifting up is more forward. Gaaaang.
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Gang「ɡeɪŋ」
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Then the front part of the tongue
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然後舌頭前面部份
05:53
arches up towards the roof of the
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呈弓形升起頂上口的硬齶
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mouth, while the tongue tip remains
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而舌尖保持向下。
05:58
down.
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06:00
When you see this symbol followed by
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當你看到「æ」後面的音是「ŋ」音,
06:03
this symbol, it’s no longer a pure AA.
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不要發出清晰元音「æ」。
06:06
It’s more like AY. Gang. Thanks.
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他更像是「eɪ」,Gang「ɡeɪŋ」,謝謝。
06:15
Pure stressed AA: Sat, aa
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清晰重讀元音「æ」︰Sat「Sæt」「æ」
06:22
Pure unstressed AA: backtrack, aa
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清晰非重讀元音「æ」︰backtrack「bæktræk」,「æ」
06:28
AA, aa, AA, aa.
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「æ:」,「æ」,「æ:」,「æ」
06:35
AA vowel modified by M: exam, aa-uh
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「æ」後面是M︰Exam「ɪɡˈzæ-ʌm」,「æ-ʌ」
06:42
AA vowel modified by N: man, aa-uh
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「æ」後面是N︰Man「mæ-ʌn」,「æ-ʌ」
06:49
AA vowel modified by NG: gang, ay
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「æ」後面是NG︰Gang「ɡeɪŋ」,「eɪ」
06:58
Example words. Repeat with me:
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例字,請跟我讀︰
Chapter, 「tʃæptər」「æ」「tʃæptər」
can, 「kæ-ʌn」「æ-ʌ」「kæ-ʌn」
act, 「ækt」「æ」「ækt」
last, 「læst」「æ」「læst」
bank, 「bæ-ʌnk」「æ-ʌ」「bæ-ʌnk」
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