Learn English With News | Learning English With CBS News

170,214 views ・ 2021-04-20

Rachel's English


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Today we're studying English with news.  We're looking at how people speak so quickly  
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and so smoothly while still being clear. Two news  hosts. One doctor, whose being interviewed and  
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we are going to study their beautiful voices to  find tips that can help you with English fluency.
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Let’s start right off with  Gayle King’s first sentence.
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This morning we're looking at increased screen  time during the pandemic is affecting our vision.
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Increased screen time. So, right  away she’s giving us an example  
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of one of the main points that Americans do  for smoothness changing T pronunciations. In  
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this case, the ED ending of increased is  a T sound. Increased. Increased, tt.  
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But she said increased screen time with  no T. Listen. I’ll slow that down for you.
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No T, no ED ending. One of the rules of  pronunciation of T is that we often drop the  
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sound between two other consonants. In this  case, S and S. So the past tense, increased  
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sounds just like the present tense increase  because we dropped the T. And we’ll hear T  
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pronunciations dropped or changed all the time.  Why? Let’s look at the pronunciation of T. T,  
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a stop of air, a release, it’s a sharp sound.  But the character of American English has a lot  
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of smoothness. No sharp points. We value  linking and smoothness from word to word.  
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So by dropping the T here, it’s a smoother  link. With the T, increased screen time.  
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Increased screen time. Not that smooth. Let’s  drop the T. Increase screen time. More smooth.  
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More sloppy, more lazy, more drunk sounding. Maybe  that’s what it feels like to you if your native  
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language is very sharp and clear. Embracing this  sloppiness can help you find your American voice  
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as you speak English. You know, the rules for how  Americans pronounce ED endings are actually pretty  
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complicated. I’ll put a link to the playlist that  covers that topic in the video description. Let’s  
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listen to Gayle again. But first, if you like  this video or you’re learning something new,  
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please like and subscribe with notifications,  continue your studies with me every Tuesday.
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No T in increased. Just in time. It’s  important that as you study a tip like this,  
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you also practice it. We’re going to  play it again. Twice in slow motion,  
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say it with her the second time. Then twice at  regular pace, say it her out loud the second time.
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This morning we're looking at how increased screen time during the pandemic is affecting our vision--
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Let’s keep going.
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Since this pandemic first hit the average screen  
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time per person has spiked more  than thirteen hours a day that’s a lot.
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One of the ways thirteen is  different from thirty is the T.  
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Thirteen. That’s a true like what Gayle did.
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Thirteen
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Thirteen. She did first syllable stress,  thirteen. You’ll hear it both ways. Thirteen  
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and thirteen. Thirty always has first  syllable stress and always has a flap T.
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Let’s keep going.
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According to Eyesafe Nielsen estimates  of 60 percent of people in one recent  
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survey say they were worried about  how this will affect their eyes.
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Affect their eyes. Looking at the text, what  do you notice about the T in affect? It comes  
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between two other consonant sounds. The K  sound before it and the TH sound after it.  
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The T may have been dropped, was it? Let’s listen.
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affect their--
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Affect their. No T. Affect their eyes.  Try that with me. Affect their eyes.  
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Affect their eyes. Let’s keep going.
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Doctors also say they’re seeing uptick in  vision issues like dry eye yup, I got that.  
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Doctor Christopher Starr, he  was an ophthalmologist said,  
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while Cornell medical in,  medicine rather in New York.
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Did you hear how she corrected herself?  She misspoke, she corrected it and then  
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she said rather. So the word she meant  wasn’t medical rather it was medicine.
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While Cornell medical in,  medicine rather in New York.
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Let’s keep going.
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Joins us with some solutions and whether he  thinks products like blue-like glasses can help.  
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Good morning to you doctor, good to see you.
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What a nice greeting she gave him.
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Good morning to you doctor, good to see you.
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Let’s talk about that phrase “Good to see you”.  This is a phrase I use quite a lot when I spend  
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times with friends or family. It’s so good  to see you. Do you see we have one letter T  
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here in the word “to”? To is a word that reduces  and that means we change a sound. We almost always  
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change the vowel to the schwa and sometimes,  we change the true T to a flap T. The flap  
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T sounds like the D in American English. The D  between vowels. So here it comes after a D and  
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guess what? She just attaches the schwa to good.  Goodto, goodto, good to see you. Take a listen.
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good to see you.
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Now since this is a common phrase, let’s  practice it. You’ll hear it in slow motion twice,  
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say it out loud the second time. Sing that song.  
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Good to see you. Then you’ll hear it at regular  pace twice, say it with her the second time.
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Let’s keep going.
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Hi Gayle, how are you?
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I’m alright with my dry eyes sitting up here but a  
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lot of people are looking at  their screens more than ever.
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A lot of. This three-word phrase is very common.  The T comes between two vowels and pretty much  
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all the time, a native speaker will make this  a flap T. You won’t hear a true T. A lot of,  
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a lot of. It’s a flap T linking,  smoothing things out. A lot of.  
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A lot of. You can say that V sound or not.  A lot of or a lot of. She drops the V,  
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that’s a reduction and of is a word that we  usually reduce. A lot of. A lot of. That phrase  
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begins and ends with a schwa. You want  it to be as fast and simple as possible.  
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A, a. A lot of. A lot of. Let’s listen  to just that in slow motion a few times.
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And now let’s hear it at regular pace.
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Changing that T, smoothing  out English. Let’s keep going.
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Can you explain why it’s such a bad, why  it’s bad for your eyesight to begin with?
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Yeah, it’s multifactorial. We call it the  “Computer Vision Syndrome”. And it uh,  it combines--
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It combines. We’ve studied a drop T, a flap T  and now Dr. Starr is giving us an example of  
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another way we change the T, the true T sound.  It’s a stop T. For this we stop the air. It.  
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But we skipped that T release. Instead,  we’re going to the next word. So there’s  
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really a quick stop of air and that’s the  stop T. That’s not actually a sound rather  
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it’s an abrupt stop of sound. It combines.  It combines. Let’s look back at that stop.  
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Here, I slowed down the clip to  just twenty five percent and you  
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can see the volume of the voice below.  Let’s just listen to this clip once.
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This gap here is the stop T. Let’s take just this  part here and listen to it by itself so we can see  
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is it really silent, is there  really a stop of air of sound.  
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So I’ve isolated just that  spot let’s listen to it.  
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Sort of strange isn’t it? It’s just the room noise  really. He hasn’t really engaged his voice here.  
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Let’s go back to the original clip.  
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There’s another spot over here where we see  something similar and guess what that is. It’s  
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the B on combines, combines, bb, B is also a  stop consonant. Let’s listen to this phrase again.
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So it becomes ihh, ihh.  
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And then a little stop of air, and then the next  word. So, true True T, tt, Flap T, [flap] drop  
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T and now stop T. These are our four T  sounds. Let’s listen again to this stop.
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It combines--
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Actually there’s one more kind of  T. Let’s see if we can find it.
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Both eyes strain from just staring at the  computers which are right in front of you.
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Okay there we had it. Eye strain. When  we have a T followed by R like in train,  
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try or in this case, strain. It’s  pretty common for that T to become a CH.  
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S-CH-rain. Strain. It’s not very strong  but it’s not a T, a T either. T,t, train.  
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It's more common to hear ch, ch  train.. It’s light. C h,ch, strain.  
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We’re going to listen to just strain in slow  motion. You won’t hear T but you will hear CH.
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strain--
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So when do you do a true T? T. Let’s  keep listening and I’ll tell you.
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For all those hours as you  said thirteen hours of more,  
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but it also when we’re on the computers,  when we’re staring and fatiguing our eyes--
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There were several true Ts there. Thirteen  hours with a true, ttt teen. Thirteen.  
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Also fatiguing, tt, fatiguing. In these  cases, the T sound begins a stressed syllable.  
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Thirteen, fatigue. So a T that starts a stressed  syllable is a true T. Unless it’s part of the  
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TR cluster then it’s probably a CH. Fatigue.  Fatiguing. A T is usually a stop T when it’s at  
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the end of a thought group or followed by another  consonant. For example “It combines “or “what”?  
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End of the thought group stop T. A T is  usually a flap T between vowels like ‘a lot of’  [flap]
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a lot of. But not if that starts a stressed  syllable. Look a t fatiguing. The T sound there  
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is between two vowels but it starts  a stressed syllable so it’s a true T.  
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A T is also a flap T after an R before  a vowel like in party. Rarara, party.  
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A T is often dropped between two other consonants  like “Affect their”, affect their eyes and there’s  
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also one other time where we often drop the T.  We’re going to skip ahead to find an example.
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Uh taking breaks we recommend  every twenty minutes or so.
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Twenty. Dropping the T after N, that’s  a common pronunciation. Internet,  
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twenty, I want another. Internet. Drop T. Twenty.  Drop T. I want another. Drop T. The doctor said  
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twenty several times. Sometimes a true T but  most of the time it’s dropped. Let’s listen.
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Uh taking breaks we recommend every twenty  minutes or so. Take a break, look away,  
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look into the distance at an object that’s twenty  feet away of further. Looking out the window  
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is actually perfect for twenty seconds or more.  That’s what we used to call the 20-20-20 Rule--
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There’s another broadcaster in on this interview.  Let’s hear what he’s doing with his Ts.
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It can be a really hard to take a break from this.
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Hard to take a break. Hard to. This is just  like when Gayle said good to, good to see you.  
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Hard to, hard to take a break. Taking the word to,  making it just the schwa, attaching it to a word  
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that ends with a D. Hard to. Hard to. Say that  with me. Hard to, hard to. Hard to take a break.
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It can be a really hard to take a break from this.
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Oh you know, I thought of  
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one other time we usually have a  true T. When it’s part of a cluster.
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Looking at a window is actually perfect.
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Perfect. Perfect, ttt. True T release. But you  know what? If that links in to another word that  
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starts with a consonant like ‘It’s the perfect  place’. then we'll usually drop the T because it  
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comes between two consonants. Perfect place, no T.  Or at the end of a thought group “It’s perfect!”.  
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A true T release. Are you feeling confused? The  more you study spoken English, now that you know  
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the rules, the more you’ll notice this and the  more natural it become for you to do this. Now  
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where going to skip around in the interview.  If you want to watch the full interview,  
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I’ll put a link to that in the video description.  But we’ll skip around here for a short quiz. I’ll  
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play a snippet and I’ll highlight in red the  T to listen for. You tell me if it’s a true T,  
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flap T, stop T or if it’s dropped.  You’ll hear each example three times.
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Eight blinks. Eight blinks.  That’s a stop T. Listen again.
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Try this one:
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Did you hear T? I did. That’s a true T.  A T at the end of the word at the end  
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of a thought group, that could also  been a stop T. But he did a true T.
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What about this one?
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Computer [flap]. Computer,  flap T. T between vowel sounds,  
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doesn’t starts a stressed syllable, that’s a flap.
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This next one is tricky. You’ll  be listening for three Ts.
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Irritated. Irritated. The first T  is a true T because of this mark.  
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This is the mark of secondary stress.  Stressed syllable even if it’s secondary  
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stress that will be a true T. But the  second sound there, T between vowels,  
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not starting a stressed syllable, that’s a  flap T. Same with gritty. Irritated and gritty.
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By changing so many ttt, sharp true Ts were  able to smooth out the sound of English.  
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In coming weeks and months, we’re going to  study more ways to smooth out your speech  
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to sound more natural and fluent when speaking  English. Keep your learning going now with this  
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video and be sure you subscribe and have  notifications turned on for the channel  
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so you’ll know when something new is coming your  way. Also, be sure to check out my online school  
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at rachelsenglishacademy.com to train your  body and your voice for more comfortable  
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English speaking. That’s it and thanks  so much for using Rachel’s English.
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