Present Simple Verb Form in English - English Verb Tenses

英语语法 - 一般现在时

Hello, I’m Oli.

你好，我是Oli。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

欢迎来到Oxford Online English！

In this lesson, you can learn about the present simple verb tense in English.

在本节课里，您可以学到英语的 现在简单式动词时态。

How many ways do you know to use the present simple?

您知道多少使用现在简单式的方法？

The present simple doesn’t just have one or two uses; there are at least eight common

现在简单式不只有一个或两个用法； 至少有八个常见用法，

uses, and many more special cases.

以及很多特别例子。

In this lesson, you can learn all about the present simple tense.

在本节课里，您可以学到所有的 现在简单时态。

Beginners can learn simple ways to use this verb form, and more advanced students can

初学者可以学习使用这个动词形式的 简单方法，更进阶的学生可以

learn about more complex uses of the present simple.

学现在简单式的更复杂的用法。

Ready?

准备好了吗？

OK, let’s start!

好，我们开始吧！

First question: how can you form the present simple?

第一个问题：您怎样组成现在简单式？

To use the present simple, you need to remember three things:

要用现在简单式， 您需要记住三件事：

First, add an 's' or 'es' to the verb in the third person singular, for example, after

首先，在第三人称单数给动词加一个“s”或“es”， 例如，在

'he', 'she', or 'it'.

“he”、“she”或“it”后面的动词。

Make negatives using 'don't' or 'doesn't'; use 'doesn't' again for the 3rd person - after

用“don't”或“doesn't”来造否定形式； 第三人称用“doesn't”，—在

'he', 'she' or 'it'.

“he”、“she”或“it”的后面。

Make questions with 'do' or 'does.'

用“do”或“does”造疑问形式。

For example:

例如：

"I visit them once a week."

"I visit them once a week."

"She visits them once a week."

"She visits them once a week."

We add an 's' to the verb after he/she/it.

我们给 he/she/it后面的动词加一个“s”。

"I have a lot of things to do."

"I have a lot of things to do."

"I don't have a lot of things to do."

"I don't have a lot of things to do."

We make negatives with .don't'.

我们用“don't”造否定形式。

"I don't have much time."

"I don't have much time."

"He doesn't have much time."

"He doesn't have much time."

We make negatives with 'doesn't' after he/she/it.

我们在he/she/it后面用“doesn't” 造否定形式。

"You have a big family."

"You have a big family."

"Do you have a big family?"

"Do you have a big family?"

We make questions with 'do'.

我们用“do”造疑问形式。

"Do you live in this building?"

"Do you live in this building?"

"Does she live in this building?"

"Does she live in this building?"

For the 3rd person, we make questions with 'does'.

第三人称，我们用“does” 造疑问形式。

You can see that when we use 'does' or 'doesn't', we don't add 's' to the verb.

您可以看到在我们使用“does”或“doesn't” 时，我们没有给动词加“s”。

OK, that shows you how to form the present simple, but how can you use it?

好，那告诉您怎样组成现在简单式， 但是您能怎样用它呢？

Let's look at the different ways you can use this verb form.

我们来看看您能用这个 动词形式的不同方法。

Part two: talking about a regular action.

第二部分：谈论一个定期的行为。

This is one of the most common uses of the present simple.

这是现在简单式的最常见用法。

Let's just look at some examples:

我们来看一些例子：

"She calls her parents every week."

"She calls her parents every week."

"I don't often go to the gym."

"I don't often go to the gym."

Or, "Do you always eat so quickly?"

或者"Do you always eat so quickly?"

In all of these sentences, we are talking about actions which happen (or don't happen)

在所有这些句子里，我们在谈论规律地

regularly.

发生或不发生的行为。

These actions are not happening at this moment.

这些行为不是在现在发生的。

This is a simple use of the present simple, which you maybe knew already.

这是您也许已经知道的现在 简单式的简单用法。

But we’ve only just started.

但是我们才刚开始。

How else can you use the present simple?

您怎样用现在简单式的其他用法？

Do you know any other ways?

您知道任何其他的用法吗？

Let's look.

我们来看看。

Part three: talking about general truths.

第三部分： 谈论一般的真理。

If you want to talk about something which is generally true, you will also need the

如果您想谈论一些是一般 真理的事情，您也要

present simple.

用到现在简单式。

For example:

例如：

"The Moon goes around the Earth."

"The Moon goes around the Earth."

"The Nile is the longest river in the world."

"The Nile is the longest river in the world."

Or, "Elephants live for 60 or 70 years on average."

或者"Elephants live for 60 or 70 years on average."

These things are generally true because they aren’t just true at one moment.

三件事是一般真理，因为它们 不是只有一时是真的。

They were true 100 years ago; they’re true today, and they’ll be true 100 years in

它们在一百年前就是真的了； 它们现在是真的，它们在

the future.

未来一百年会是真的。

Compare this to the previous idea: talking about regular actions.

用这个与之前的概念比较： 谈论规律行为。

In both cases, we use the present simple to talk about something which is true not just

在两个事例里，我们使用现在 简单式来谈论在目前、但是

at this moment, but also in the future and the past.

在未来和在过去也是真的 或不是真的事情。

This idea is an important part of the meaning of the present simple.

这个概念是现在简单式含义 中一个重要的部份。

We'll see it again.

我们会再看看它。

Part four: talking about states and situations.

第四部分：谈论状况和状态。

'Throwing' is an action.

“Throwing”是一个行为。

It’s something which can be happening at one moment.

它是能在一瞬间发生的某事。

A question: are all verbs actions?

一个问题：所有的动词都是行为吗？

Think about a verb like 'seem'.

考虑一个动词像是“seem”。

Is 'seeming' an action?

“seeming”是一个行为吗？

Can you say, "You’re seeming very quiet today?"

您可以说： "You’re seeming very quiet today?"

No, and no.

没有，不是的。

Verbs like 'seem' describe states, not actions.

像“seem”的动词描述状况，不是行为。

We use the present simple to talk about all states in the present.

我们用现在简单式来谈论 现在所有的状况。

For example:

例如：

"You seem a bit quiet today."

"You seem a bit quiet today."

"He has a lot of experience in his subject."

"He has a lot of experience in his subject."

Or, "Why does this one cost more than the others?"

或 "Why does this one cost more than the others?"

Many verbs which describe states, like 'seem' or 'cost' can only be used in simple tenses.

很多描述状况的动词，像是“seem” 或“cost”可以仅用于简单时态。

They don’t exist in continuous tenses.

他们不存在于持续的时态。

Again, you can see the same idea of something which is true not just now, at this moment,

同样，您可以看到不仅在现在此刻 是，而且在未来和过去

but also in the future and the past.

也都是真的某事的相同概念。

If you say, "He has a lot of experience in his subject," that means that he had a lot

如果您说： "He has a lot of experience in his subject," 那就是说上周

of experience last week, and he’ll have a lot of experience next week, too.

他有很多经验，下周他 也会有很多经验。

It’s not just about this moment.

那不仅是与此时有关的。

Part five: using the present simple with verbs of sensing, feeling, thinking or speaking.

第五部分：感情动词、感觉动词、思想动词 或言语动词的现在简单式使用。

With many verbs of sensing (like 'hear', 'see' or 'smell'), feeling (like 'like', 'love'

搭配很多感官动词（像是“hear”、“see”或 “smell”）、感觉动词（像是“like”、“love”

or 'hate') thinking (like 'know', 'realise' or 'remember') or speaking (like 'promise',

或“hate”）、思想动词（像是“know”、“realise”或 ”remember“）或表达动词（像是”promise“、

'admit' or 'advise'), we use the present simple.

”admit“或”advise“），我们来使用 现在简单式

This is because many of these verbs describe states, and the present simple is used to

这是因为这些动词中的很多是描述 状况，而如您刚才看到的，

talk about states, as you saw just now.

现在简单式用于谈论状况。

Let's look at some more examples:

我们来看更多的例子：

"This cheese smells a bit strange."

"This cheese smells a bit strange."

"I don't like going shopping."

"I don't like going shopping."

"Do you realise what you're doing?"

"Do you realise what you're doing?"

"I promise it won't happen again."

"I promise it won't happen again."

In all of these sentences, only the present simple is possible.

在所有这些句子里，只有现在 简单式是可能的。

You can't say, "Are you realising what you're doing?"

您不能说： "Are you realising what you're doing?"

Or, "I'm promising it won’t happen again."

或者 "I'm promising it won’t happen again."

Part six: talking about long-lasting situations.

第六部分：谈论持久的状态。

If you say, "She lives with her friend."

如果您说： "She lives with her friend."

Or,

或

"She’s living with her friend."

"She’s living with her friend."

Are they the same?

它们是相同的吗?

If not, what’s the difference?

如果不是，区别在哪里？

They’re different.

它们是不同的。

If you say, "She lives with her friend," with the present simple, this suggests that the

如果您说："She lives with her friend," 搭配现在简单式， 它意思是

situation is permanent, or at least long-lasting.

状态是长期的，或至少是持久的。

She’s not just staying with her friend for a few weeks.

她和她的朋友待在一起 不只是几个星期。

She lives with her friend, permanently.

她长期地和她的朋友一起生活。

If you say, "She’s living with her friend," with the present continuous, this suggests

如果你说："She’s living with her friend," 搭配现在进行式，它意思是

that the situation is temporary.

这个状态是暂时的。

Maybe she’s just staying with her friend while she looks for her own place.

也许在她找自己的住所时， 她才和朋友住在一起。

When we use the present simple to talk about a situation, it suggests that the situation

当我们使用现在简单式来谈论一些状况时，那意思是状况

has continued for a long time, and/or that we expect this situation to continue for a

已经持续了一段较长的时间， 并且/或者 我们期望这个状态持续一段

long time into the future.

较长的时间直到未来。

In some cases, it's possible to use either the present simple or the present continuous

在一些事例里，可能在相同的句子里 使用现在简单式或

in the same sentence, but the meanings would be different.

现在进行式，但是 意思会有差异。

Using the present simple shows a situation is long-lasting or permanent, while using

使用现在简单式显示一个状况是持久的 或永久的，使用现在进行式

the present continuous shows that a situation is just temporary.

则显示一个状况是暂时的。

For example:

例如：

"He works for a small design company."

"He works for a small design company."

This is his career.

这是他的职业。

This is his job.

这是他的工作。

He’ll probably stay there a long time.

他有可能待在这很长一段时间。

"He's working for a small design company."

"He's working for a small design company."

He works there at the moment.

他目前在那工作。

He might change jobs soon.

他可能不久会换工作。

Another example: "I go to the gym every week."

另一个事例： "I go to the gym every week."

That means I do this every week, every month, all year.

那意思是我每周、每月、 一整年都这样做。

Next month, I’ll still be going to the gym.

下个月，我仍将会去健身房。

"I'm going to the gym every week."

"I'm going to the gym every week."

That means I’m doing this at the moment.

那意思是我目前在做这个。

Next month, you won't see me there!

下个月，您可能不会在那看到我。

In all of these sentences, both forms are possible (simple or continuous), but the present

在所有这些句子里，两种形式 都是有可能的（简单式或进行式），

simple shows that these situations are long-lasting, while the present continuous shows that these

但是现在简单式显示这个状况 是持久的，现在进行式显示

situations probably won't continue for a long time.

这些状态有可能不会持续 很长一段时间。

Okay, part seven - lots of parts!

好的，第七部分 — 太多部分了！— 在会话英语里用现在

- use the present simple to tell jokes or stories in conversational English.

简单式讲笑话或故事。

Imagine you’re telling a story to your friends.

想像您正在和您的一个朋友讲故事。

What verb form would you use?

您会使用什么动词形式？

You should use the past, right?

您必须使用过去式，对吗？

After all, you’re talking about a story, something which happened in the past.

毕竟您在讲一个故事， 发生在过去的某事。

Shouldn't you use a past verb form?

您不用一个动词的过去式？

Hmm...

Hmm...

That’s logical, but it’s not always true.

逻辑上是那样，但是并不总是真的。

We often use the present simple to tell stories or jokes, even for things which happened in

我们通常用现在简单式来讲故事 或笑话，甚至是那些发生

the past.

在过去的事情。

This is only possible in conversational English.

这仅可能适用于英语。

Why do we do this?

为什么我们这样做？

Using the present simple instead of the past makes the story sound more direct and exciting.

使用现在简单式取代过去式 让故事听起来更形象生动。

For example:

例如：

So, I see this guy who looks just like Johnny Depp, and I go up to talk to him, but then

所以，我觉得这个伙计看起来就像强尼戴普， 我上去和他聊，但是然后

I trip and throw my drink all over him!

我绊到了，把我的饮料洒得他满身都是。

He gives me this look, like I'm a complete idiot, and just walks away.

他给我做出这个样子，就像我完全 是一个白痴，然后就走开了。

Similarly, the present simple is often used in newspaper headlines, even for things which

类似地，现在简单式通常用于 新闻头条，甚至是那些

happened in the past.

事情是发生在过去。

For example:

例如：

"Prime Minister resigns" "Scientists discover new element"

"Prime Minister resigns" "Scientists discover new element"

Next, we also use the present simple in commentary.

接下来，我们也在评述里用现在简单式。

What’s commentary?

什么是评述？

Commentary means describing something as it’s happening, usually on TV or on the radio.

评述意思是通常在电视或 广播中描述正在发生的事情。

For example, sports matches have commentators, who describe the match to listeners or viewers.

例如，体育比赛有描述看的 或听的比赛的评论员。

Commentators use the present simple to talk about shorter actions which are happening

评论员使用现在简单式来 谈论目前正在发生的

at that moment.

较短期的行为。

For example:

例如：

"He passes, he shoots…

"He passes, he shoots…

He hits the post!"

He hits the post!"

"She serves, but Williams makes a great return."

"She serves, but Williams makes a great return."

"The prince waits at the altar, while the princess walks slowly up the aisle."

"The prince waits at the altar, while the princess walks slowly up the aisle."

This might seem strange.

这看起来很奇怪。

Commentary describes something which is happening now, so you might think we should use the

评述描述现在正在发生的某事， 所以您也许认为我们

present continuous.

一定要用现在进行式。

Commentary does use the present continuous, but mostly for longer actions.

评述不使用现在进行式， 但是大部份用时间较长的行为。

For example:

例如：

"He’s warming up and getting ready to come on the pitch."

"He’s warming up and getting ready to come on the pitch."

"The players are taking a break while the medic treats her leg."

"The players are taking a break while the medic treats her leg."

Normally, we use the present simple for longer actions and the present continuous for shorter

一般来说，对于时间较长的行为，我们 使用现在简单式，而现在进行式则

actions.

用于时间较短的行为。

But in commentary, the opposite is true; the present simple describes shorter actions,

但是在评论里，用法相反； 现在简单式描述时间较短的行为，

the continuous is used for longer actions.

进行式则用于时间较长的行为。

OK, you’re nearly finished.

好的，您接近要结束了。

We have one more use of the present simple.

我们还有一个现在简单式的用法。

What is it?

那是什么？

Let’s look: Part nine: we use the present simple for future

我们来看看：第九部分：我们将 现在简单式用于

schedules.

未来的时刻表。

So, you can also the present simple to talk about the future.

所以，您也可以用现在 简单式去谈论未来。

How?

怎么样？

We use the present simple to talk about things in the future which are on a timetable or

我们使用现在简单式来谈论 在未来时间表

schedule.

和班表上的事情。

This includes things like trains, planes and other public transport; meetings and appointments;

这包括像列车、航班和其他公共 交通、会议和预约；

classes and so on, things like this.

课程等等。

For example:

例如：

"Class starts at 10.00."

"Class starts at 10.00."

"The plane arrives at 12.20 at night."

"The plane arrives at 12.20 at night."

"What time does the meeting start?"

"What time does the meeting start?"

In all of these sentences, we are talking about the future, but because we are talking

在所有这些句子里，我们在谈论未来， 但是因为我们在谈论

about timetables or schedules, we use the present simple.

时间表和班表，我们使用 现在简单式。

OK, let's review.

好，我们来复习一下。

Wow!

喔！

Lots of information in this lesson.

在本节课里有太多的信息了。

Don’t worry if you don’t remember it all.

不要担心您是否记得它们全部。

You can always review the video if you need to.

如果您需要，您总是可以复习视频。

It will still be here.

它仍然会在这。

I hope you can see that the present simple is actually a very flexible and powerful verb

我希望您可以看到现在简单式实际上 是一个很灵活并

form.

有效能的动词形式。

You can use it to express many, many different ideas.

您可以使用它来表达很多、 很多不同的想法。

However, if you want to use the present simple in all these ways, you need to understand

然后，如果您想用现在简单式的所有 这些用法，您需要

the different meanings.

理解不同的意思。

There isn’t one answer to the question “What does the present simple do?”

问题“What does the present simple do?” 不是只有一个回答。

There are many answers!

有很多回答。

That’s the end of the lesson.

本节课就到这了。

Thanks very much for watching!

非常感谢观看！

I hope you found it useful.

我希望您发现它是有用的。

You can see more of our free lessons on our website: www.oxfordonlineenglish.com.

您可以在我们的网站：www.oxfordonlineenglish.com 看到更多的免费课程。

But that's all, thanks very much.

但是就这样，非常感谢。

See you next time, bye bye!

下次见，再见！