Present Simple Verb Form in English - English Verb Tenses

英文文法 — 一般現在時

Hello, I’m Oli.

您好，我是Oli。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

歡迎來到Oxford Online English！

In this lesson, you can learn about the present simple verb tense in English.

在本節課裡，您可以學習英文的 現在簡單式動詞時態。

How many ways do you know to use the present simple?

您知道多少現在簡單式的用法？

The present simple doesn’t just have one or two uses; there are at least eight common

現在簡單式不只有一個或兩個用法； 至少有八個常見用法，

uses, and many more special cases.

及很多特別例子。

In this lesson, you can learn all about the present simple tense.

在本節課裡，您可以學到所有的 現在簡單式動詞時態。

Beginners can learn simple ways to use this verb form, and more advanced students can

初階學生可以學習這個動詞形式的 簡單用法，更進階的學生可以

learn about more complex uses of the present simple.

學現在簡單式的更複雜用法。

Ready?

準備好了嗎？

OK, let’s start!

好，我們開始吧！

First question: how can you form the present simple?

第一個問題：您怎樣構建現在簡單式？

To use the present simple, you need to remember three things:

要用現在簡單式， 您需要記住三件事：

First, add an 's' or 'es' to the verb in the third person singular, for example, after

首先，在第三人稱單數給動詞加一個“s”或“es”， 例如，在

'he', 'she', or 'it'.

“he”、“she”或“it”後面的動詞。

Make negatives using 'don't' or 'doesn't'; use 'doesn't' again for the 3rd person - after

用“don't”或“doesn't”來造否定形式； 第三人稱用“doesn't”，—在

'he', 'she' or 'it'.

“he”、“she”或“it”的後面。

Make questions with 'do' or 'does.'

用“do”或“does”造疑問句。

For example:

例如：

"I visit them once a week."

"I visit them once a week."

"She visits them once a week."

"She visits them once a week."

We add an 's' to the verb after he/she/it.

我們給 he/she/it後面的動詞加一個“s”。

"I have a lot of things to do."

"I have a lot of things to do."

"I don't have a lot of things to do."

"I don't have a lot of things to do."

We make negatives with .don't'.

我們用“don't”造否定形式。

"I don't have much time."

"I don't have much time."

"He doesn't have much time."

"He doesn't have much time."

We make negatives with 'doesn't' after he/she/it.

我們在he/she/it後面用“doesn't” 造否定句。

"You have a big family."

"You have a big family."

"Do you have a big family?"

"Do you have a big family?"

We make questions with 'do'.

我們用“do”造疑問句。

"Do you live in this building?"

"Do you live in this building?"

"Does she live in this building?"

"Does she live in this building?"

For the 3rd person, we make questions with 'does'.

第三人稱，我們用“does” 造疑問句。

You can see that when we use 'does' or 'doesn't', we don't add 's' to the verb.

您可以看到我們用“does”或“doesn't” 時，我們沒有給動詞加“s”。

OK, that shows you how to form the present simple, but how can you use it?

好，那告訴您怎樣構建現在簡單式， 但是您能怎麼用它呢？

Let's look at the different ways you can use this verb form.

我們來看看這個 動詞形式的不同用法。

Part two: talking about a regular action.

第二部分：談論一個規律行為。

This is one of the most common uses of the present simple.

這是現在簡單式的最常用法。

Let's just look at some examples:

我們來看一些例句：

"She calls her parents every week."

"She calls her parents every week."

"I don't often go to the gym."

"I don't often go to the gym."

Or, "Do you always eat so quickly?"

或者"Do you always eat so quickly?"

In all of these sentences, we are talking about actions which happen (or don't happen)

在所有這些例句裡，我們在談論規律地

regularly.

發生或不發生的行為。

These actions are not happening at this moment.

這些行為不是在現在發生的。

This is a simple use of the present simple, which you maybe knew already.

這是您可能已經知道的現在 簡單式的簡單用法。

But we’ve only just started.

但是我們才剛開始。

How else can you use the present simple?

您怎麼用現在簡單式的其他用法？

Do you know any other ways?

您知道任何其他用法嗎？

Let's look.

我們來看看。

Part three: talking about general truths.

第三部分： 談論一般的真理。

If you want to talk about something which is generally true, you will also need the

如果您想談論一些是 真理的事情，您也要

present simple.

用到現在簡單式。

For example:

例如：

"The Moon goes around the Earth."

"The Moon goes around the Earth."

"The Nile is the longest river in the world."

"The Nile is the longest river in the world."

Or, "Elephants live for 60 or 70 years on average."

或者"Elephants live for 60 or 70 years on average."

These things are generally true because they aren’t just true at one moment.

三件事是一般真理，因為它們 不是只有在一時是真的。

They were true 100 years ago; they’re true today, and they’ll be true 100 years in

它們在一百年前就是真的了； 它們現在是真的，在

the future.

未來一百年會是真的。

Compare this to the previous idea: talking about regular actions.

用這個與之前的概念比較： 談論規律行為。

In both cases, we use the present simple to talk about something which is true not just

在這兩個例句裡，我們使用現在 簡單式來談論在目前、但是

at this moment, but also in the future and the past.

在未來和過去也是真的 或不是真的事情。

This idea is an important part of the meaning of the present simple.

這個概念是現在簡單式含義裡 一個重要的部分。

We'll see it again.

我們會再看看它。

Part four: talking about states and situations.

第四部分：談論狀況和狀態。

'Throwing' is an action.

“Throwing”是一個行為。

It’s something which can be happening at one moment.

它是能在瞬間發生的某件事。

A question: are all verbs actions?

一個問題：所有的動詞都是行為嗎？

Think about a verb like 'seem'.

考慮一個動詞像是“seem”。

Is 'seeming' an action?

“seeming”是一個行為嗎？

Can you say, "You’re seeming very quiet today?"

您可以說： "You’re seeming very quiet today?"

No, and no.

沒有，不是的。

Verbs like 'seem' describe states, not actions.

像“seem”的動詞描述狀況，不是行為。

We use the present simple to talk about all states in the present.

我們用現在簡單式來談論 現在所有的狀況。

For example:

例如：

"You seem a bit quiet today."

"You seem a bit quiet today."

"He has a lot of experience in his subject."

"He has a lot of experience in his subject."

Or, "Why does this one cost more than the others?"

或 "Why does this one cost more than the others?"

Many verbs which describe states, like 'seem' or 'cost' can only be used in simple tenses.

很多描述的動詞，像是“seem” 或“cost”可以僅用於簡單式時態。

They don’t exist in continuous tenses.

它們不存在於持續的時態。

Again, you can see the same idea of something which is true not just now, at this moment,

同樣，您能可以看到不僅在現在此刻 是，而且在未來和過去

but also in the future and the past.

也都是真的某件事的相同概念。

If you say, "He has a lot of experience in his subject," that means that he had a lot

如果您說： "He has a lot of experience in his subject,"那就是說上週

of experience last week, and he’ll have a lot of experience next week, too.

他有很多經驗，下週他 也會有很多經驗。

It’s not just about this moment.

那不僅是與此有關的。

Part five: using the present simple with verbs of sensing, feeling, thinking or speaking.

第五部分：感官動詞、感覺動詞、思想動詞 或言語動詞的現在簡單式用法。

With many verbs of sensing (like 'hear', 'see' or 'smell'), feeling (like 'like', 'love'

搭配很多感官動詞（像是“hear”、“see”或 “smell”）、感覺動詞（像是“like”、“love”

or 'hate') thinking (like 'know', 'realise' or 'remember') or speaking (like 'promise',

或“hate”）、思想動詞（像是“know”、“realise”或 ”remember“）或言語動詞（像是”promise“、

'admit' or 'advise'), we use the present simple.

”admit“或”advise“），我們來運用 現在簡單式。

This is because many of these verbs describe states, and the present simple is used to

這是因為這些動詞中的很多是描述 狀態，而如您剛才看到的，

talk about states, as you saw just now.

現在簡單式用於談論狀況。

Let's look at some more examples:

我們來看更多的例句：

"This cheese smells a bit strange."

"This cheese smells a bit strange."

"I don't like going shopping."

"I don't like going shopping."

"Do you realise what you're doing?"

"Do you realise what you're doing?"

"I promise it won't happen again."

"I promise it won't happen again."

In all of these sentences, only the present simple is possible.

在所有這些例句裡，只有現在 簡單式是可能的。

You can't say, "Are you realising what you're doing?"

您不能說： "Are you realising what you're doing?"

Or, "I'm promising it won’t happen again."

或者 "I'm promising it won’t happen again."

Part six: talking about long-lasting situations.

第六部分：談論持久的狀態。

If you say, "She lives with her friend."

如果您說： "She lives with her friend."

Or,

或

"She’s living with her friend."

"She’s living with her friend."

Are they the same?

它們是相同的嗎?

If not, what’s the difference?

如果不是，區別在哪裡？

They’re different.

它們是不同的。

If you say, "She lives with her friend," with the present simple, this suggests that the

如果您說："She lives with her friend," 搭配現在簡單式， 它意思是

situation is permanent, or at least long-lasting.

狀態是長期的，或至少是持久的。

She’s not just staying with her friend for a few weeks.

她和她的朋友待在一起 不只是幾個星期。

She lives with her friend, permanently.

她長期地和她的朋友一起生活。

If you say, "She’s living with her friend," with the present continuous, this suggests

如果您說："She’s living with her friend," 搭配現在進行式，它意思是

that the situation is temporary.

這個狀態是暫時的。

Maybe she’s just staying with her friend while she looks for her own place.

也許在她找自己的住所時， 她才和朋友住在一起。

When we use the present simple to talk about a situation, it suggests that the situation

在我們用現在簡單式來談論 一些狀況時，那意思是狀況

has continued for a long time, and/or that we expect this situation to continue for a

已經持續了一段較長的時間， 並且/或者 我們期望這個狀態持續一段

long time into the future.

較長的時間直到未來。

In some cases, it's possible to use either the present simple or the present continuous

在一些事例裡，可能在相同的句子裡 用現在簡單式或

in the same sentence, but the meanings would be different.

現在進行式，但是 意思會有差異。

Using the present simple shows a situation is long-lasting or permanent, while using

用現在簡單式顯示一個狀況是持久的 或永久的，用現在進行式

the present continuous shows that a situation is just temporary.

則顯示一個狀況是暫時的。

For example:

例如：

"He works for a small design company."

"He works for a small design company."

This is his career.

這是他的職業。

This is his job.

這是他的工作。

He’ll probably stay there a long time.

他有可能待在這裡很長一段時間。

"He's working for a small design company."

"He's working for a small design company."

He works there at the moment.

他目前在那裡工作。

He might change jobs soon.

他可能不久就會換工作。

Another example: "I go to the gym every week."

另一個例句： "I go to the gym every week."

That means I do this every week, every month, all year.

那意思是我每週、每月、 一整年都這樣做。

Next month, I’ll still be going to the gym.

下個月，我仍將會去健身房。

"I'm going to the gym every week."

"I'm going to the gym every week."

That means I’m doing this at the moment.

那意思是我目前在做這個。

Next month, you won't see me there!

下個月，您能可能不會在那裡看到我。

In all of these sentences, both forms are possible (simple or continuous), but the present

在所有這些例句裡，兩種形式 都是有可能的（簡單式或進行式），

simple shows that these situations are long-lasting, while the present continuous shows that these

但是現在簡單式顯示這個狀況 是持久的，現在進行式顯示

situations probably won't continue for a long time.

這些狀態可能不會持續 很長一段時間。

Okay, part seven - lots of parts!

好的，第七部分 — 太多部分了！— 在會話英文裡用現在

- use the present simple to tell jokes or stories in conversational English.

簡單式講笑話或故事。

Imagine you’re telling a story to your friends.

想像您正在和您的一個朋友講故事。

What verb form would you use?

您會用什麼動詞形式？

You should use the past, right?

您必須用過去式，對嗎？

After all, you’re talking about a story, something which happened in the past.

畢竟您在講一個故事， 發生在過去的某件事。

Shouldn't you use a past verb form?

您不用動詞的一個過去式？

Hmm...

Hmm...

That’s logical, but it’s not always true.

邏輯上是那樣的，但是並不總是真的。

We often use the present simple to tell stories or jokes, even for things which happened in

我們通常用現在簡單式來講故事 或笑話，甚至是那些發生

the past.

在過去的事情。

This is only possible in conversational English.

這可能僅適用於英語。

Why do we do this?

為什麼我們這樣做？

Using the present simple instead of the past makes the story sound more direct and exciting.

用現在簡單式取代過去式， 故事聽起來會更生動。

For example:

例如：

So, I see this guy who looks just like Johnny Depp, and I go up to talk to him, but then

所以，我覺得這個夥計看起來就像強尼戴普， 我上去和他聊天，但是然後

I trip and throw my drink all over him!

我被絆到了，我的飲料灑得他滿身都是。

He gives me this look, like I'm a complete idiot, and just walks away.

他給我做出這個樣子，就像我完全 是一個白癡，然後就走開了。

Similarly, the present simple is often used in newspaper headlines, even for things which

類似地，現在簡單式通常用於 新聞頭條，甚至是那些

happened in the past.

發生在過去的事情。

For example:

例如：

"Prime Minister resigns" "Scientists discover new element"

"Prime Minister resigns" "Scientists discover new element"

Next, we also use the present simple in commentary.

接下來，我們也在評論裡用現在簡單式。

What’s commentary?

什麼是評論？

Commentary means describing something as it’s happening, usually on TV or on the radio.

評論意思是通常在電視或 廣博裡描述正在發生的事情。

For example, sports matches have commentators, who describe the match to listeners or viewers.

例如，體育比賽有描述看到的 或聽到的比賽的評論員。

Commentators use the present simple to talk about shorter actions which are happening

評論員用現在簡單式來 談論目前正在發生的

at that moment.

較短暫的行為。

For example:

例如：

"He passes, he shoots…

"He passes, he shoots…

He hits the post!"

He hits the post!"

"She serves, but Williams makes a great return."

"She serves, but Williams makes a great return."

"The prince waits at the altar, while the princess walks slowly up the aisle."

"The prince waits at the altar, while the princess walks slowly up the aisle."

This might seem strange.

這看起來很奇怪。

Commentary describes something which is happening now, so you might think we should use the

評論描述現在正在發生的某件事， 所以您也許認為我們

present continuous.

一定要用現在進行式。

Commentary does use the present continuous, but mostly for longer actions.

評論不用現在進行式， 但是大部分用於時間較長的行為。

For example:

例如：

"He’s warming up and getting ready to come on the pitch."

"He’s warming up and getting ready to come on the pitch."

"The players are taking a break while the medic treats her leg."

"The players are taking a break while the medic treats her leg."

Normally, we use the present simple for longer actions and the present continuous for shorter

一般來說，時間較長的行為，我們 用現在簡單式，而現在進行式則

actions.

用於時間較短的行為。

But in commentary, the opposite is true; the present simple describes shorter actions,

但是在評論裡，用法相反； 現在簡單式描述時間較短的行為，

the continuous is used for longer actions.

進行式則用於時間較長的行為。

OK, you’re nearly finished.

好的，您接近要結束了。

We have one more use of the present simple.

我們還有一個現在簡單式的用法。

What is it?

那是什麼？

Let’s look: Part nine: we use the present simple for future

我們來看看：第九部分：我們將 現在簡單式用於

schedules.

未來的時刻表。

So, you can also the present simple to talk about the future.

所以，您也可以用現在 簡單式談論未來。

How?

怎麼樣？

We use the present simple to talk about things in the future which are on a timetable or

我們用現在簡單式來談論 在未來時間表

schedule.

和班表上的事情。

This includes things like trains, planes and other public transport; meetings and appointments;

這包括像列車、航班和其他公共 交通、會議和預約；

classes and so on, things like this.

課程等等。

For example:

例如：

"Class starts at 10.00."

"Class starts at 10.00."

"The plane arrives at 12.20 at night."

"The plane arrives at 12.20 at night."

"What time does the meeting start?"

"What time does the meeting start?"

In all of these sentences, we are talking about the future, but because we are talking

在所有這些例句裡，我們在談論未來， 但是因為我們在談論

about timetables or schedules, we use the present simple.

時間表和班表，我們用 現在簡單式。

OK, let's review.

好，我們來複習一下。

Wow!

喔！

Lots of information in this lesson.

在本節課裡有太多的信息了。

Don’t worry if you don’t remember it all.

不要擔心您是否記得它們全部。

You can always review the video if you need to.

如果您需要，您總是可以複習影片。

It will still be here.

它仍然會在這裡。

I hope you can see that the present simple is actually a very flexible and powerful verb

我希望您可以看到現在簡單式實際上 是一個很靈活並

form.

有效能的動詞形式。

You can use it to express many, many different ideas.

您可以用它來表達很多、 很多不同的想法。

However, if you want to use the present simple in all these ways, you need to understand

然後，如果您想用現在簡單式的所有 這些用法，您需要

the different meanings.

理解不同的意思。

There isn’t one answer to the question “What does the present simple do?”

問題“What does the present simple do?” 不只有一個回答。

There are many answers!

它有很多回答。

That’s the end of the lesson.

本節課就到這裡了。

Thanks very much for watching!

非常感謝觀看！

I hope you found it useful.

我希望您發現它是有用的。

You can see more of our free lessons on our website: www.oxfordonlineenglish.com.

您可以在我們的網站：www.oxfordonlineenglish.com 看到更多的免費課程。

But that's all, thanks very much.

但是就樣，非常感謝。

See you next time, bye bye!

下次見，再見！