How To Use Commas - English Writing Lesson

253,606 views ใƒป 2015-04-20

Oxford Online English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:02
Hello, I'm Oli.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:03
Welcome to Oxford Online English.
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์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์˜์–ด์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:05
In this lesson, you can learn about using commas.
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์ด ๋‹จ์›์—์„œ๋Š” ์‰ผํ‘œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:09
Students often seem very confused about commas and how to use them correctly.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ์‰ผํ‘œ ์™€ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
Commas are quite complicated, because they don't just do one thing.
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์‰ผํ‘œ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
Actually, commas have many different jobs in the sentence.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:22
So in this lesson, I'll explain the different types of comma, what they do and how you can
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์‰ผํ‘œ, ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ
00:28
use them.
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์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
Let's start with our first type of comma: the listing comma.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์‰ผํ‘œ์ธ ๋ชฉ๋ก ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
As the name suggests, the listing comma is used to list items or ideas one after another.
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์ด๋ฆ„์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ชฉ๋ก ์‰ผํ‘œ๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋กœ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
For example: "We need two cucumbers, four tomatoes, some onions and a lettuce."
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์˜ˆ: "์˜ค์ด 2๊ฐœ, ํ† ๋งˆํ†  4๊ฐœ , ์–‘ํŒŒ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„, ์–‘์ƒ์ถ” 1๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
00:49
We use commas to separate the items on the list.
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์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:53
Before the word 'and' in British English, we don't usually use a comma.
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ 'and'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ์•ž์—๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
In American English, a comma is often used before 'and'.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” 'and' ์•ž์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
It's your choice which style you use.
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์–ด๋–ค ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ์ง€๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
Both are correct.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
This comma - the listing comma - replaces the words 'and' or 'or'.
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์ด ์‰ผํ‘œ(๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‰ผํ‘œ)๋Š” 'and' ๋˜๋Š” 'or'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
You could say: "We need two cucumbers and four tomatoes and some onions and a lettuce."
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"์˜ค์ด 2๊ฐœ, ํ† ๋งˆํ†  4๊ฐœ, ์–‘ํŒŒ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„, ์–‘์ƒ์ถ” 1๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
It's not wrong, but it doesn't sound good, so it's better to use the commas.
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ํ‹€๋ฆฐ๋ง์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ž˜ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‹ˆ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋‚ซ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
Your list could include phrases, or even complete sentences.
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๋ชฉ๋ก์—๋Š” ๊ตฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:30
The principle is the same.
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์›๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
For example: "We spent our time relaxing on the beach, swimming in the sea and drinking
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์˜ˆ: "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ด๋ณ€์—์„œ ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  , ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:38
coffee in the seaside cafรฉs."
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ํ•ด๋ณ€ ์นดํŽ˜์—์„œ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋ฉฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:41
In this case, the items on our list are whole phrases; they're not just single words, but
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ์ „์ฒด ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:46
the principle is the same.
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์›๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
We use a comma after each item, and in British English, not before the word 'and'.
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ๋’ค์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . 'and'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ์•ž์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:56
You can also use the listing comma - sometimes- to separate adjectives before a noun.
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๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์‰ผํ‘œ(๊ฐ€๋”)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:02
Look at two sentences: "She has long, dark, shiny hair."
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๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ธธ๊ณ  ๊ฒ€๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜์ง์ด๋Š” ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:07
"He bought a bottle of dark, German beer."
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง„ํ•œ ๋…์ผ ๋งฅ์ฃผ ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์„ ์ƒ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:12
In the first sentence, we use listing commas to separate the adjectives.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚˜์—ด ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
In the second sentence, we don't.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
Can you see why?
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์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:22
Well, remember we said that the listing comma replaces the words 'and' or 'or'.
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๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์–ด 'and' ๋˜๋Š” 'or'๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
02:28
You can say: "She has long and dark and shiny hair."
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ธธ๊ณ  ์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜์ง์ด๋Š” ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:33
It doesn't sound good, but it's possible.
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์ž˜ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
so in this case we use listing commas between the adjectives.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:41
But you cannot say: "He bought a bottle of dark and German beer."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "๊ทธ๋Š” ํ‘๋งฅ์ฃผ์™€ ๋…์ผ ๋งฅ์ฃผ ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์„ ์ƒ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
It's not possible, so in this case we don't use listing commas.
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชฉ๋ก ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
If you're not sure, you can use this trick: try replacing the commas with the word 'and'.
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ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ํŠธ๋ฆญ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ 'and'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:57
If it sounds OK, then you need commas.
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
If it doesn't sound right, you don't need commas.
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:04
OK, what's our second comma?
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ์ฃ ?
03:07
It's the joining comma!
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๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์‰ผํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
03:08
The joining comma is used to join two complete sentences, together with a linking word.
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‰ผํ‘œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:14
For example: "We were tired, and we really didn't feel like going anywhere."
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์˜ˆ: "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฌด๋ฐ๋„ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
03:21
In this sentence, each half of the sentence could stand by itself.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฐ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
"We were tired," is a complete sentence, and "We really didn't feel like going anywhere,"
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๊ณ  "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋ฐ๋„ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค"
03:33
is also a complete sentence.
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๋„ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
So we can put the two sentences together with a comma and the linking word 'and'.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‰ผํ‘œ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด 'and'๋กœ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
Other linking words you can use in this way include 'and', 'but', 'or' or 'although'.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ๋Š” 'and', 'but', 'or' ๋˜๋Š” 'although'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
There are many others as well; that's not a complete list.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
However, you do need to be careful with these commas; you can't use a comma to join two
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‰ผํ‘œ์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:59
complete sentences without using a linking word.
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.
04:03
You also can't use joining commas with some linking words.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด์—๋Š” ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:07
Let's practise: look at some sentences and see if they're right or wrong.
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์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค: ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:14
Here are the four sentences.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋„ค ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
Read them, pause the video and think about your answer - which are correct and which
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฝ๊ณ , ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‹ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:22
are not correct in terms of comma use?
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04:25
OK, ready?
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์ค€๋น„๋์–ด?
04:28
Let's look at the answers.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
(1) and (4) are correct.
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(1)๊ณผ (4)๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
(2) and (3) are not correct.
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(2)์™€ (3)์€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
Let's see why.
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์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ž.
04:38
Sentence two: "I applied for the job, I really hope I get it," is not correct because there's
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ: "๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ผ์— ์ง€์›ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ •๋ง ์–ป์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์–ด"๋Š”
04:43
no linking word between the sentences.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
You could say: "I applied for the job, and I really hope I get it."
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:53
You could also say: "I applied for the job."
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ผ์— ์ง€์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
- full stop - "I really hope I get it."
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- ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ - "์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์–ด์š”."
04:59
But you can't use a comma to join two full sentences like this.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:05
In the second sentence: "She didn't get the grades she needed, however she got into the
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ: "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ ์„ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์ž…ํ•™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:10
university in any case."
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."
05:12
We use the linking word 'however', but we don't use commas with 'however'.
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'๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜'๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ '๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜'์—๋Š” ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
The best way to link these sentences is with a full stop, so we put a full stop after the
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'needed' ๋’ค์— ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ฐ๊ณ 
05:24
word 'needed', and then start a new sentence with 'however'.
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'however'๋กœ ์ƒˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
You might be thinking that number four is wrong because the second part of the sentence
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
05:35
isn't a full sentence.
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 4๋ฒˆ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
That's true, but the important point is that it could be a full sentence.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
You could say: "You'll either have to start again, or you'll have to find someone to help
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" ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋„์™€์ค„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:47
you."
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."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
We shorten the sentence to make it simpler and easier to say, so it's OK to use the joining
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๊ฐ„๋‹จ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ค„์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
05:54
comma here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
Number three is the bracketing comma.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ผ์ผ€ํŒ… ์‰ผํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
This is possibly the most difficult comma to use.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‰ผํ‘œ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—
06:02
It's used to add an extra phrase or piece of information into a sentence.
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์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:07
It's often used in pairs.
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์ข…์ข… ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
For example: "This book, first published in 1956, is still useful for students today."
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์˜ˆ: "1956๋…„์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ถœํŒ๋œ ์ด ์ฑ…์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:19
The phrase in red is extra information about the book, and so we put it between a pair
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๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•œ ์Œ์˜ ์‰ผํ‘œ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:24
of commas.
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.
06:25
"One of my colleagues, who used to be a semi-professional footballer, invited me to play in their five-a-side
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"์„ธ๋ฏธ ํ”„๋กœ ์ถ•๊ตฌ ์„ ์ˆ˜์˜€๋˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ๋ง์— 5์ธ 1์กฐ ํŒ€์—์„œ ๋›ฐ๋„๋ก ์ €๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:33
team this weekend."
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."
06:35
Again, the information in red is extra information about my colleague, and so the information
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๋™๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ •๋ณด๋Š”
06:41
goes between a pair of commas.To use bracketing commas, the sentence must make sense and be
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ํ•œ ์Œ์˜ ์‰ผํ‘œ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด„ํ˜ธ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:49
grammatically complete without the extra information.
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์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด ์—†์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
In these cases you can see that if we remove the information in red: "This book is still
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ฉด "์ด ์ฑ…์€
07:01
useful for students today" - that's still a complete sentence and it makes sense.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋ฉฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
Also, if I say: "One of my colleagues invited me to play in their five-a-side team this
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๋˜ํ•œ "๋‚ด ๋™๋ฃŒ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ๋ง์— 5์ธ 1์กฐ ํŒ€์—์„œ ๋›ฐ๋„๋ก ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
weekend," again, that's a full sentence; it's grammatically correct; it's clear - we don't
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"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
need the information between the bracketing commas for the sentence to make sense.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€๊ด„ํ˜ธ ์‰ผํ‘œ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
In both cases, the sentence is complete and the meaning is clear without the extra information.
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๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด ์—†์ด ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
This makes it easy to see if your commas are correct or not.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
If you're using commas in this way, ask yourself whether the sentence would make sense without
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‰ผํ‘œ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด๋„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”
07:43
the phrase between commas.
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.
07:45
If not, something is wrong.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
For example: "He was a strict, and sometimes cruel leader, who was feared by his staff."
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋Š” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž”์ธํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ž์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ง์›๋“ค์ด ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:56
This might look OK, but if we try to remove the red text between commas, we get: "He was
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„ ๋ณด์ผ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ์‰ผํ‘œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด "๊ทธ๋Š”
08:04
a strict who was feared by his staff."
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์ง์›์ด ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
This doesn't make sense.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
He was a strict what?
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:11
Another example: "Pens, which can write upside-down, are used by NASA astronauts on the International
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ: "๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŽœ์€ ๊ตญ์ œ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ •๊ฑฐ์žฅ์—์„œ NASA ์šฐ์ฃผ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:18
Space Station."
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."
08:19
Again, it looks OK, but if we remove the red text - the extra information - we get: "Pens
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด์ธ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ฉด "ํŽœ์€
08:28
are used by NASA astronauts on the International Space Station."
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๊ตญ์ œ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ •๊ฑฐ์žฅ์—์„œ NASA ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
Now this is a clear sentence and it's grammatically correct, but it has a different meaning.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
We didn't want to say that just any pens are used.
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์•„๋ฌด ํŽœ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:42
We wanted to say that a special kind of pen is used, so we've changed the meaning of the
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํŽœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:48
sentence.
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.
08:51
If the extra phrase is near the beginning or the end of a sentence, you might just use
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์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
08:56
one bracketing comma instead of using a pair.
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์Œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๋Œ€๊ด„ํ˜ธ ์‰ผํ‘œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
Let's look: "Similar to most people his age, he isn't really thinking about his future."
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๋ณด์ž: "๊ทธ ๋˜๋ž˜์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
09:05
Again, the text in red is extra information, but it comes at the beginning of the sentence.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
That means we don't need two commas; we can just use one.
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์ฆ‰, ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
"He told me that he wanted to quit and become a painter, which surprised me."
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ณ  ํ™”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๊ณ  , ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋†€๋ž๋‹ค."
09:22
Again, it's extra information, but it's at the end of the sentence, so we just use one
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‰ผํ‘œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ
09:27
comma and then a full stop.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
Finally, let's look at some common mistakes with commas.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‰ผํ‘œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:34
There are three mistakes which I see students making a lot.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ
09:39
Let's look so you can hopefully avoid making these mistakes.
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๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:43
Don't put a comma between a subject and its verb.
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์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” .
09:48
For example, this sentence is incorrect, because 'The people we met on holiday' is the subject;
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'ํœด์ผ์— ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค'์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
'were' is the main verb.
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'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
There should not be a comma between the subject and the main verb.
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์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:04
In this sentence, we have the same problem.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
The subject, again, is not one word; it's a phrase: 'Everything in those cupboards'.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๊ทธ ์ฐฌ์žฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
The main verb is 'needs', so again, there should not be a comma between the subject
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๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'needs'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:17
and the main verb.
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.
10:21
Don't use a comma before 'that'.
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'์ €๊ฒƒ' ์•ž์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
10:24
This is a useful rule, because it's quite easy.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:27
"She told me, that she wanted to move to London," or: "I had no idea, that he could speak Japanese."
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋˜๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ณธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ค„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
10:34
In both of these sentences there should not be a comma before 'that'.
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์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋‘ 'that' ์•ž์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
10:41
Don't use a comma to join two sentences if you don't use a linking word.
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
10:47
In this case, both parts of the sentence before and after the comma could be full sentences
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‰ผํ‘œ ์ „ํ›„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:53
by themselves.
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.
10:55
So in this case, you either need to use a linking word, like 'and' or ' but' or 'or'
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 'and' ๋˜๋Š” 'but' ๋˜๋Š” 'or' ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:01
or something like that, or you need to use a full stop after 'year'.
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'year' ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
You can't use a comma like this.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
Here, we have the same problem.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
We have two ideas.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
Each idea could be a sentence by itself, and there's no linking word, so we can't use a
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๊ฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด ์—†์ด ์ด์™€
11:20
comma to join two complete sentences like this without a linking word.
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๊ฐ™์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:26
OK, that's the end of the lesson.
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๋„ค, ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
I hope it was useful.
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๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
If you want to see the full lesson, which includes the text, so you can read everything,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฐ•์˜
11:36
and also a quiz to help you practise and test your comma skill, come to our website: www.oxfordonlineenglish.com.
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์™€ ์‰ผํ‘œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ ์›น ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. www.oxfordonlineenglish.com. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
11:43
There are also many other free English lessons there.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:47
But that's all.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์•ผ.
11:48
Thanks again for watching, and I'll see you next time.
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์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋˜ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:50
Bye bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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