How to Use the Passive Voice in English - English Grammar Lesson

223,720 views ใƒป 2019-07-12

Oxford Online English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
Hi, Iโ€™m Olivier.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋น„์—์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:03
Welcome to Oxford Online English!
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์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์˜์–ด์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:04
In this lesson, you can learn about the passive voice in English.
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์ด ๋‹จ์›์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:09
You can see what it is, how to form it, and how to use it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
Before we start, donโ€™t forget to check out our website: Oxford Online English dot com.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”: Oxford Online English dot com.
00:21
You can find many other free English lessons. You can
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ ์ค‘
00:24
also take online classes with one of our qualified teachers.
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ํ•œ ๋ช…๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:28
But now, letโ€™s start with the basics.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
What is the passive voice?
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:34
Look at these sentences: โ€˜This dish is made with eggs and cheese.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”: '์ด ์š”๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„๋ž€๊ณผ ์น˜์ฆˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' '
00:40
โ€˜The car was badly damaged in the accident.โ€™
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์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์†์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' '
00:45
โ€˜Their house looks like it hasnโ€™t been cleaned for months.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘์€ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
00:50
All of these examples use the passive voice.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. .
00:53
Can you see how and why?
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:56
Letโ€™s look.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ž.
01:01
In a regular, active sentence, you start with a subject, then you add a verb, which often
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๊ทœ์น™์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ข…์ข… ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:07
has an object.
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.
01:08
For example: โ€˜A dog bit me when I was five.โ€™
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์˜ˆ: '๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์‚ด ๋•Œ ๊ฐœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.' ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ
01:13
Can you find the subject, verb and object in this sentence?
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์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ?
01:20
To make the sentence passive, the subject and object change places: โ€˜I was bitten
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฃผ์–ด ์™€ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋‚˜๋Š”
01:26
by a dog when I was five.โ€™
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ์‚ด ๋•Œ ๊ฐœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.'
01:30
When you make a sentence passive, you only change the subject, verb and object.
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
Everything else stays the same.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
In this example, โ€˜when I was fiveโ€™ isnโ€™t part of the subject-verb-object structure,
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ '๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์‚ด ๋•Œ'๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด-๋™์‚ฌ-๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฏ€๋กœ
01:46
so itโ€™s the same whether the sentence is active or passive.
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๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋‚˜ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
Next, letโ€™s see how to form the passive voice.
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ˆ˜์—…
01:54
Look at three sentences from the start of the lesson again.
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์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:59
They look different, but they all contain the passive.
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๋ชจ์–‘์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํŒจ์‹œ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:03
What do the sentences have in common?
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:08
All three sentences contain the verb โ€˜beโ€™ and a past participleโ€”also called the 3rd
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์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์‚ฌ 'be' ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ(์ œ3ํ˜•์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•จ)๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:14
form.
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.
02:15
This is what you need to form passive sentences.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
Letโ€™s do some practice!
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์—ฐ์Šต ์ข€ ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค!
02:21
Can you add the missing verbs to these three sentences?
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์ด ์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
02:26
If youโ€™re not sure, remember the rule from before: you need โ€˜beโ€™ plus a past participle.
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์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด์ „ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” . 'be'์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
Here, you need to put the verbs into the past participle form.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:38
Pause the video and think about your answers.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ต๋ณ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
02:41
Ready?
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์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ?
02:43
Here are the full sentences.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Hereโ€™s a question: these sentences contain the verb โ€˜beโ€™, but itโ€™s different in
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ 'be'๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:54
each sentence.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
Do you know why?
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์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:58
Letโ€™s look together!
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ !
03:03
What do you do if you want to make a passive sentence past, or future, or present perfect?
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:09
What changes?
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:11
Look at our last three examples again.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
03:15
Remember that the passive is made of two parts: โ€˜beโ€™ plus a past participle.
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š” 'be'์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
03:20
What changes, and what stays the same?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:23
The answer: you can change the verb โ€˜beโ€™ to use different tenses and times.
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๋‹ต: ๋™์‚ฌ 'be'๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
The past participle *never changes.* Whether youโ€™re talking about the past, the present,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” *์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.* ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋“ 
03:35
or the future, the past participle stays the same.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:40
Letโ€™s see how this works:
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์ž:
03:42
Past: โ€˜The letters were sent to all our customers last week.โ€™
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ: '์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .'
03:48
Present: โ€˜The letters are sent to all our customers every week.โ€™
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ํ˜„์žฌ: '๋งค์ฃผ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
03:53
Present perfect: โ€˜The letters have been sent to all our customers this week.โ€™
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ: ' ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
Future with โ€˜willโ€™: โ€˜The letters will be sent to all our customers next week.โ€™
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'will'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ Future: ' ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์†ก๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
04:07
Of course, there are other possible forms, but the idea is the same.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
There are also passive infinitives with โ€˜toโ€™: โ€˜The letters need to be sent to all our
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'to'๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ' ํŽธ์ง€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:18
customers.โ€™
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.'
04:19
And, there are passive โ€“ing forms: โ€˜Many customers like being sent regular newsletters.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋™ -ing ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” '๋งŽ์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์ •๊ธฐ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ ˆํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
04:28
You can see the same pattern every time: โ€˜beโ€™ plus a past participle, and the verb โ€˜beโ€™
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๋งค๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. : 'be'์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ 'be'๋Š”
04:34
can change to show different times or forms.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๋‚˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋„๋ก ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
The past participle never changes, in any form of the passive!
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์—์„œ๋„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค !
04:43
Letโ€™s do a quick test.
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๋น ๋ฅธ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž.
04:45
Look at a sentence: โ€˜This problem (be) solved by our IT team.โ€™
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. '์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ IT ํŒ€์—์„œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
04:52
Your job is to write five different versions of this sentence.
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๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:56
One: write the sentence in the present simple.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜: ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์„ธ์š”.
05:01
Two: make it present continuous Three: make it past simple.
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2: ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”. 3: ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”.
05:08
Four: make it present perfect.
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๋„ท์งธ, ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ผ.
05:11
Five: make it future with โ€˜going toโ€™.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, '๊ฐ€๋‹ค'๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค.
05:16
Pause the video, and write your sentences.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
05:19
Youโ€™ll see the answers in a few seconds.
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๋ช‡ ์ดˆ ์•ˆ์— ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
Ready?
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์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ?
05:24
Here are the answers.
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๋‹ต์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
How did you do?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด์…จ์–ด์š”?
05:28
Could you write the five sentences correctly?
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํ• 
05:31
If you could, then well done!
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์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
05:33
If not, then you can review this section and try to work out why you made mistakes.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ์„น์…˜์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ์™œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
OK, now you know the most important points about how the passive is formed, but why do
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์™œ
05:46
you use the passive?
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ
05:50
There are three common reasons to use the passive voice.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:54
One: you want to change the emphasis of your sentence.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜: ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:58
Two: the subject of your sentence is unknown or unimportant.
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๋‘˜์งธ: ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜ ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
Three: you want to sound more impersonal or indirect.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ: ์ข€ ๋” ๋น„์ธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:11
Letโ€™s look at these one by one.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ž.
06:13
First, use the passive to change the emphasis of your sentence.
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๋จผ์ € ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:19
Look at two sentences: โ€˜Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.โ€™
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๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. 'Leonardo da Vinci๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' '
06:26
โ€˜The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.โ€™
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The Mona Lisa๋Š” Leonardo da Vinci๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
06:31
The first sentence is active, and the second is passive.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ์ด๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
Whatโ€™s the difference?
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์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ๋ญ์•ผ?
06:39
If youโ€™re not sure, think about this: which is the most important idea in each sentence?
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์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:48
In the first sentence, youโ€™re more interested in Leonardo da Vinci.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ Leonardo da Vinci์— ๋” ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
In the second sentence, youโ€™re more interested in the Mona Lisa.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ชจ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์ž์— ๋” ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:57
In English, putting an idea at the beginning of a sentence shows that itโ€™s more important.
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
You can use the passive to change the emphasis of a sentence, and show what you think is
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:09
the most important idea.
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.
07:11
Secondly, use the passive when the subject is unknown or unimportant.
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๋‘˜์งธ, ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
What does that mean?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์•ผ?
07:19
Letโ€™s look: โ€˜My bike was stolen.โ€™
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๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค: '๋‚ด ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋„๋‚œ๋‹นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' '
07:23
โ€˜The kitchen has been cleaned today.โ€™
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์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ฒญ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' '
07:27
โ€˜She was arrested for shoplifting.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ํ›”์นœ ํ˜์˜๋กœ ์ฒดํฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
07:30
Why do you think you use the passive in these three cases?
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์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
07:35
In these examples, you either donโ€™t know or donโ€™t care who did the action.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ด€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
My bike was stolenโ€”by whom?
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๋‚ด ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋„๋‚œ๋‹นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด?
07:44
I donโ€™t know, and it doesnโ€™t matter.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค.
07:47
What matters is the fact that it was stolen.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„๋‚œ ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
I donโ€™t have my bicycle any more.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
The kitchen has been cleaned todayโ€”by whom?
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ถ€์—Œ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ฒญ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:57
Here, it doesnโ€™t matter.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
You only care about the fact that the kitchen is now clean.
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๋ถ€์—Œ์ด ์ด์ œ ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—๋งŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:04
She was arrestedโ€”by whom?
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฒดํฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:07
By the police, of course!
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด!
08:09
You donโ€™t care exactly who arrested her.
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์ฒดํฌํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ƒ๊ด€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
You know that the police arrested her, because itโ€™s obvious from the context.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์ฒดํฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
No one else can arrest people.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฒดํฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
In these sentences, you only care about the action itself.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™ ์ž์ฒด์—๋งŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:26
You donโ€™t know or care who did it.
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ด€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
Thereโ€™s one more common reason to use the passive: to sound impersonal.
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋น„์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
Hereโ€™s a question: whatโ€™s the difference between these two examples?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ์˜ˆ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:41
โ€˜You need to do this by the end of the week.โ€™
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'์ฃผ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด.' '
08:45
โ€˜This needs to be done by the end of the week.โ€™
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์ฃผ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ด์•ผ ๋ผ .'
08:49
If someone says this to you, the basic meaning is the same.
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•ด๋„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.
08:52
So whatโ€™s the difference?
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์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:55
The second sentence, with the passive, is more indirect and impersonal.
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋” ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋น„์ธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
This is because it avoids the words โ€˜You need toโ€ฆโ€™ which appear in the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” 'You need to...'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.
09:06
Using the passive in this way can help you to sound more formal and polite.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ข€ ๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ •์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
Saying: โ€˜You need to do this by the end of the weekโ€™ is very direct.
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'์ฃผ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค '๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง์„ค์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š”
09:16
It sounds like an order, which could be rude in some situations.
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๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…๋ น์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:22
Now you know how to form the passive, and the most common ways to use it, but thereโ€™s
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์ด์ œ ํŒจ์‹œ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ํŒจ์‹œ๋ธŒ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:27
one more important point.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
Many problems English learners have with the passive happen because they overuse it.
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์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
Hereโ€™s the important point: donโ€™t use the passive if you donโ€™t have a good reason
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํƒ€๋‹นํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:42
to use it.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
If you use the passive, especially when youโ€™re writing, think about why youโ€™re using it.
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜
09:49
Do you need to use it to change the emphasis of your sentence?
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๊ฐ•์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
09:53
Do you need to sound more formal and impersonal?
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์ข€ ๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋น„์ธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
09:57
Do you want to focus on the action, instead of whoever did the action?
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์•„๋‹Œ ํ–‰๋™์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
10:02
If not, donโ€™t use the passive.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
10:06
Using the passive makes your sentences longer and more complicated.
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋” ๊ธธ๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ผญ
10:10
This isnโ€™t good unless itโ€™s necessary.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
First, itโ€™s inefficient, because youโ€™ll need more words to express the same ideas.
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์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
Second, it makes your writing harder to read.
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๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
Letโ€™s do some quick practice.
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๋น ๋ฅธ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:26
Youโ€™re going to see five sentences.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
For each one, you should decide if itโ€™s necessary to use the passive or not.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŒจ์‹œ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
Here are the five sentences: โ€˜We were asked by our friends to bring a dessert for the
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ' ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๋””์ €ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋ผ๋Š” ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:40
party.โ€™
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.' '
10:43
โ€˜The proposed policy is strongly supported by conservative voters.โ€™
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์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' '๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์— ์š”์•ฝ๋œ
10:50
โ€˜It was decided not to follow the recommendations outlined in the report.โ€™
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๊ถŒ์žฅ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .' ' ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์˜ ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
10:57
โ€˜A variety of measures could be taken to diminish the detrimental effects of global
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:02
warming.โ€™
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.' '
11:05
โ€˜The website will be finished and ready to launch by the end of the month.โ€™
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์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์™„์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์ด๋‹ฌ ๋ง์— ๊ฐœ์‹œ๋  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
11:11
What do you think?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:13
Are these good examples of using the passive, or not?
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ์ธ๊ฐ€์š” ?
11:17
Remember that to use the passive, you need a good reason.
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ํƒ€๋‹นํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
11:22
If thereโ€™s no reason, donโ€™t use it.
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์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
11:25
Pause the video if you want more time to look at these.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
11:29
Otherwise, letโ€™s look at the sentences.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
11:33
In the first sentence, thereโ€™s no good reason to use the passive.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํƒ€๋‹นํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:38
Using the passive here only makes the sentence longer and more inefficient.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋” ๊ธธ๊ณ  ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
The sentence should be active and direct: โ€˜Our friends asked us to bring a dessert
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง์ ‘์ ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๋””์ €ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”
11:50
for the party.โ€™
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.'
11:52
In the second sentence, you probably shouldnโ€™t use the passive.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
You could argue that you use the passive here to emphasise the idea of โ€˜proposed policyโ€™,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ '์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ •์ฑ…'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜
12:03
but the words โ€˜proposed policyโ€™ are vague, and if you havenโ€™t defined the idea, then
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ '์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ •์ฑ…'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:09
why emphasise it?
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์™œ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:10
Again, this sentence should almost certainly be active: โ€˜Conservative voters strongly
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์€
12:17
support the proposed policy.โ€™
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์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํžˆ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
12:21
In the third sentence, thereโ€™s one possible reason to use the passive: to make the sentence
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:26
more impersonal.
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.
12:29
Perhaps you donโ€™t want to say exactly *who* decided to do this.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ *๋ˆ„๊ฐ€* ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:34
In this case, using the passive is appropriate.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
The fourth sentence is a good example of passive misuse.
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๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ˆ˜๋™์  ์˜ค์šฉ์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:43
The problem is that itโ€™s easy to use the passive voice to make unclear, empty sentences.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋นˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
In this sentence, what exactly is the writer saying?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:52
โ€˜A variety of measuresโ€™ is so vague that it could mean anything.
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'๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜'๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ง‰์—ฐํ•˜๋‹ค.
12:58
Making this sentence active wonโ€™t solve the problem; instead, you would need to be
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•ด๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‹ 
13:04
more specific and explain your ideas more precisely.
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๋” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด๊ณ  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฑด
13:09
By the way, this is common in IELTS essays.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ IELTS ์—์„ธ์ด์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
Again, itโ€™s not a language problem; itโ€™s an ideas problem.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ธ์–ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌด ๋ง๋„
13:17
Itโ€™s possible to construct long, complicated sentences using the passive which donโ€™t
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ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธธ๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜
13:23
say anything, but this is bad writing and it certainly wonโ€™t help you in an exam like
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์œ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ IELTS์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:29
IELTS.
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.
13:31
The fifth sentence is a good example of using the passive.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:35
In this case, itโ€™s not important *who* will finish the website; itโ€™s important that
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ *๋ˆ„๊ฐ€* ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ• ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
this work will be finished by the end of the month.
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ด๋‹ฌ ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:45
Donโ€™t forget to check out the full version of this lesson on our website, and try the
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์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ์ด ๋ ˆ์Šจ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ 
13:50
quiz to see how much youโ€™ve understood!
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”!
13:52
Thanks for watching!
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์‹œ์ฒญ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
13:53
See you next time!
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋งŒ๋‚˜์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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