How to Use Formal and Informal English - English Speaking and Writing Fluency

658,222 views ใƒป 2017-08-04

Oxford Online English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
Greetings!
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์ธ์‚ฌ๋ง!
00:03
My name is Gina Mares, and I would like to take this opportunity to welcome you to this
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์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ Gina Mares์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ์–ด
00:09
Oxford Online English video lesson.
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์˜ฅ์Šคํผ๋“œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์˜์–ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ฐ•์˜์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
Hello!
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
00:15
My nameโ€™s Gina.
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์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์ง€๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
Welcome to the class.
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์ˆ˜์—…์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
Hey guys!
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์–˜๋“ค ์•„!
00:19
Gina here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ง€๋‚˜.
00:20
Letโ€™s get started!
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž!
00:23
Whatโ€™s going on here?
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด์•ผ?
00:26
Why am I welcoming you three times?
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์™œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:29
In this lesson, you can learn about formal and informal English.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต์‹ ๋ฐ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์˜์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ
00:36
Youโ€™ll learn how to recognise and use formal and informal styles in your spoken and written
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๊ณต์‹ ๋ฐ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:44
English.
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00:50
Look at three sentences:
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์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:52
Could I disturb you for a minute?
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์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•ด๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
00:55
Can I ask you something?
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๋ญ ์ข€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
00:59
You got a sec?
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์ž ๊น๋งŒ์š”?
01:01
All of these sentences have the same basic meaningโ€”I want to talk to you and ask you
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:08
about something.
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01:09
However, the tone is different.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์Œ์ƒ‰์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
Can you see how?
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:16
These three sentences show three levels of formality.
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์ด ์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ํ˜•์‹์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:20
The first sentence is formal; it shows politeness, respect and distance.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์†ํ•จ, ์กด์ค‘ ๋ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
The second sentence is neutral; it does not have a formal or an informal tone.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์–ด์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
The third sentence is informal; it shows that you and the person you are speaking to are
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
01:43
familiar with each other, and you don't need to make an effort to be polite or respectful.
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์„œ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต์†ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
Actually, there are more than three levels of formality.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ˜•์‹์—๋Š” 3๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:57
For example:
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์˜ˆ:
02:00
Might I ask you something?
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๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
02:01
May I take a moment of your time?
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์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:06
Could I disturb you for a minute?
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์ž ์‹œ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•ด๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
02:10
These sentences are all formal.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
The first is extremely formal.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
Itโ€™s probably too formal to use in most situations.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ˜•์‹์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:23
The other two are both formal; the second is probably more formal than the third.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
Why โ€˜probablyโ€™?
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์™œ '์•„๋งˆ๋„'?
02:32
Formality isnโ€™t absolute.
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ํ˜•์‹์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
It also depends on context and intonation, so itโ€™s not just about the words you use.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ๊ณผ ์–ต์–‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
So, there are many levels of formality.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ˜•์‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
However, when you speak or write in English, itโ€™s useful to think about three levels:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ณต์‹, ์ค‘๋ฆฝ, ๋น„๊ณต์‹์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:56
formal, neutral and informal.
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03:00
But when should you use these different levels of language?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
03:10
In my experience, many English students use language which is too formal.
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์ œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ƒ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜์–ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
They think: formal language is more polite.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ๊ณต์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
Polite language is better.
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๊ณต์†ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
Right?
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
03:24
No, not always!
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
03:28
Language which is too polite puts distance between you and the person youโ€™re talking
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ณต์†ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:33
to.
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03:34
At best, this will sound awkward and unnatural.
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๊ธฐ๊ปํ•ด์•ผ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
At worst, you can sound cold and unfriendly if you use language which is too formal.
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์ตœ์•…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฐจ๊ฐ‘๊ณ  ๋ถˆ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
Knowing when to use formal language depends mostly on context.
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๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€
03:56
Let me ask you a question: when should you use formal language?
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์ œ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:04
Maybe you said things like: in job interviews, in business meetings or negotiations, when
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๊ตฌ์ง ๋ฉด์ ‘, ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํšŒ์˜ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜‘์ƒ์—์„œ,
04:12
talking to older people, when writing business emails, and so on.
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๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•  ๋•Œ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
The fact is, itโ€™s not possible to say you should always use formal language in these
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:27
situations.
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.
04:28
It always depends.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
For example, take job interviews.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
Some companies have a very corporate culture, with a strict hierarchy and lots of rules
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์ผ๋ถ€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ทœ์น™
04:41
and procedures.
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๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
Other companies are more relaxed, and pay less attention to rules and job titles.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋” ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ์ง์ฑ…์— ๋œ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
Obviously, if youโ€™re going for a job interview at the first kind of company, youโ€™ll want
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฉด ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์˜ท์„
04:57
to dress, act and speak formally, to fit in with the company culture.
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์ž…๊ณ , ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ง์„ ์ •์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:05
On the other hand, if you go for an interview at the second kind of company, where things
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ข€ ๋” ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:11
are more relaxed, it wouldnโ€™t be appropriate to speak very formally.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
So, always think about the actual situation in front of you.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ˆˆ์•ž์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
05:24
If youโ€™re not sure, try to listen to other people around you.
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์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:29
If people around you are speaking informally to each other, you probably shouldnโ€™t try
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์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:36
to sound very formal.
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.
05:39
Also, if you donโ€™t know, then use neutral language.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
05:46
Neutral language is safe.
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์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
You can use it in any situation.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
Informal language is very important in spoken English, but you need to be careful.
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๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
Using informal language at the wrong time could sound disrespectful or rude.
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
Next, let's consider some of the main differences between formal, neutral and informal English.
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์‹ ์˜์–ด, ์ค‘๋ฆฝ ์˜์–ด, ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์˜์–ด์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
Formal English tends to use longer, more complicated sentence structures.
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๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์˜์–ด๋Š” ๋” ๊ธธ๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:29
Informal and neutral English tend to use shorter, simpler sentence structures.
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๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์˜์–ด๋Š” ๋” ์งง๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:36
For example:
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์˜ˆ:
06:38
I was wondering if you could make yourself available on Wednesday to provide more detailed
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์ˆ˜์š”์ผ์—
06:44
guidance on these matters.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์ง€์นจ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
--> This is a formal sentence.
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--> ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ
06:50
You can see that itโ€™s quite long, with a complex structure.
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๋กœ ๊ฝค ๊ธธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:57
Do you have time on Wednesday to help us with these problems?
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์ˆ˜์š”์ผ์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
07:02
--> This is neutral.
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--> ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
You got some free time on Wednesday to talk about this?
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์ˆ˜์š”์ผ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
07:09
--> This is more informal.
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--> ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
You can see that the neutral and informal sentences are much shorter and simpler.
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์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ์งง๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
Letโ€™s do one more example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
Iโ€™ll give you three sentences.
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์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
Can you see which one is formal, which is neutral, and which is informal?
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์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:39
We should have a word with him first.
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๋จผ์ € ๊ทธ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ
07:43
It may well be necessary to contact him before we make a decision.
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์ „์— ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:51
We need to talk to him before we decide.
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๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ทธ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
Which is which?
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์–ด๋Š ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฑด์ง€?
07:59
The first sentence is informal.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
The second sentence is formal.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
The third sentence is neutral.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
Did you get it right?
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
08:12
Again, you can see that the formal sentence is longer and more complex.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋” ๊ธธ๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
Another point is that we sometimes leave out words in informal English, especially in questions.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์ ์€ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
For example, in the question Are you sure?
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํ™•์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:35
it is possible to leave out the word are and just say You sure?
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are๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๊ณ  You sure?๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
In fact, you could even leave out the word you and just ask a question with one word:
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, you๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
sure?
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08:51
Letโ€™s see some more examples of this:
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
Will you be joining us?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:58
(Formalโ€”full form) Are you coming?
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(์ •์‹-์ •์‹) Are you comes?
09:02
(neutralโ€”full form) You coming?
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(์ค‘๋ฆฝ-์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ) ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:07
(Informalโ€”short form)
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(๋น„๊ณต์‹-์•ฝ์‹)
09:10
Do you have any suggestions?
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์ œ์•ˆํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:13
(Formalโ€”full form) Have you got any ideas?
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(์ •์‹-์ •์‹) ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
09:18
(neutralโ€”full form) Any ideas?
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(์ค‘๋ฆฝ-์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ˜•์‹) ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:24
(Informalโ€”short form)
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(๋น„๊ณต์‹โ€”์•ฝ์‹) ์ด ์„น์…˜์—์„œ ๋ณธ
09:27
Do you notice any other differences between the formal, neutral and informal sentences
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๊ณต์‹, ์ค‘๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
09:34
youโ€™ve seen in this section?
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?
09:38
You might notice that we use different words in formal, neutral and informal English.
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๊ณต์‹, ์ค‘๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
Vocabulary is another important difference between formal and informal language.
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์–ดํœ˜๋Š” ๊ณต์‹ ์–ธ์–ด์™€ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
Letโ€™s look!
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ž!
09:57
Formal English tends to use more literary, rare or old-fashioned vocabulary.
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๊ฒฉ์‹ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋Š” ๋” ๋ฌธํ•™ ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํฌ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์‹์ธ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
Generally, if you want to be formal, you need to be very precise with your use of vocabulary.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
Neutral English tends to use simpler, more common words.
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์ค‘๋ฆฝ ์˜์–ด๋Š” ๋” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:21
Informal English, like neutral English, uses simple and common vocabulary.
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๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์˜์–ด๋Š” ์ค‘๋ฆฝ ์˜์–ด์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
However, informal English also includes slang, phrasal verbs and colloquial language which
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์˜์–ด์—๋Š”
10:35
are not features of neutral English.
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์ค‘๋ฆฝ ์˜์–ด์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์†์–ด, ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
Informal English is also generally looser.
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๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์˜์–ด๋„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š์Šจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
It uses more general words, and the meaning is understood from the context.
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๋ณด๋‹ค ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
Let's look at this in some more detail:
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์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
We need to verify the data before we proceed.
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์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
We need to check the data before we continue.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์†
11:08
We need to check everything before we carry on.
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์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:15
You can see that the formal sentence uses more literary vocabulary: verify instead of
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๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ฌธํ•™์  ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™•์ธ ๋Œ€์‹  ํ™•์ธ
11:23
check, and proceed instead of continue.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
The neutral sentence uses simple, common words.
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์ค‘๋ฆฝ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
The informal sentence is less precise: instead of saying the data, we say everything.
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๋น„๊ณต์‹ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
It also uses a phrasal verb: carry on instead of proceed or continue.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
In informal English, it's common to use vocabulary in a less precise way.
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๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:00
For example, you might use words like stuff or things to refer to specific things.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด stuff ๋˜๋Š” things์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ
12:09
You wouldnโ€™t do this if you were speaking formally.
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๋ง์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:13
For example:
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์˜ˆ:
12:16
You are required to collect your belongings and vacate the premises.
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์†Œ์ง€ํ’ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋น„์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
You need to take your personal possessions and leave the building.
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๊ฐœ์ธ ์†Œ์ง€ํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
You need to get your stuff together and get out.
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์ง์„ ์ฑ™๊ฒจ์„œ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:34
Again, you can see more literary vocabulary in the formal sentence (required, collect,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ(ํ•„์ˆ˜, ๋ชจ์œผ๋‹ค,
12:44
belongings, vacate, premises).
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์†Œ์ง€ํ’ˆ, ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค, ๊ตฌ๋‚ด)์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธํ•™์  ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
On the other hand, the informal sentence uses more basic vocabulary, including multi-part
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
12:57
verbs like getโ€ฆtogether or get out.
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getโ€ฆtogether ๋˜๋Š” get out๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
The informal sentence is also much less precise.
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๋น„๊ณต์‹ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
It simply refers to stuff, instead of belongings or possessions.
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์†Œ์ง€ํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์†Œ์œ ๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:16
It also says โ€ฆget out, without specifying the place (the premises or the building).
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๋˜ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ(๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ)๋ฅผ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  โ€ฆ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
The neutral sentence is somewhere in between.
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์ค‘๋ฆฝ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
In neutral language, you generally choose the simplest word you can.
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์ค‘๋ฆฝ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
So, you would say take instead of collect, leave instead of vacate, and so on.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ์œผ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๋ผ, ๋น„์šฐ์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ๋– ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
You can also see that the informal sentence is much more direct than the other two.
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๋น„๊ณต์‹ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
This is an important part of formality in English.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์–ด ํ˜•์‹์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:02
Formal language tends to be much more indirect.
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๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
Formal language often sounds quite impersonal, because it uses fewer personal pronouns like
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๊ณต์‹ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š”
14:14
I, you, he, she, etc.
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I, you, he, she ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธ์นญ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์ธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
Informal language tends to be more direct and personal.
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๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋” ์ง์ ‘์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:26
Informal language can be so direct that it can sound aggressive or rude if you use it
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๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ง์ ‘์ ์ด์–ด์„œ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:32
in the wrong situations.
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ณธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ
14:36
Neutral language is in the middle, similar to other situations youโ€™ve seen.
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:42
For example:
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
Lessons need to be learnt from the mistakes which were made.
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์–ป์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:49
--> formal I hope you can learn from where you went wrong.
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--> formal ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
--> neutral You made a mess of this and you need to do
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--> ์ค‘๋ฆฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์—‰๋ง์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
14:59
better next time.
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋” ์ž˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
--> informal
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--> ๋น„๊ณต์‹
15:04
You can see that the formal sentence is impersonal.
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๊ณต์‹ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋น„์ธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
How does it achieve this?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:11
First, the formal sentence uses the passive.
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์ฒซ์งธ, ํ˜•์‹ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
This makes it possible to avoid using personal pronouns.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ธ์นญ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
15:22
The other two sentences include the word you, but the formal sentence doesnโ€™t.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” you๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:29
This makes it possible to express the idea without mentioning or blaming a specific person,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„๋‚œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ
15:38
which can be useful in certain situations.
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ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
The neutral sentence is personal, because it uses you to refer to the listener.
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์ค‘๋ฆฝ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
However, itโ€™s not very direct, and wouldnโ€™t generally be considered rude, even in a professional
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง์„ค์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:59
setting.
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16:00
The informal sentence is very direct.
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๋น„๊ณต์‹ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:04
If you say this to someone, youโ€™re not hiding what you think!
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ๋ง์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
16:10
This can be useful if you need to make yourself clear, but it could also sound rude or aggressive.
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์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:18
Itโ€™s not appropriate in all situations.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:23
Letโ€™s do one more example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
Look at three sentences.
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์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
16:29
Can you tell which is formal, which is neutral, and which is informal?
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ์ง€ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ
16:38
We wonโ€™t be able to do anything until we deal with these issues.
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์ „์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
16:46
We won't be able to get anywhere until you sort this out.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋ฐ๋„ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋  ๋•Œ
16:53
It may be difficult to make progress until these matters are resolved.
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๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ง„ํ–‰์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
17:03
Can you tell which is which?
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์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:06
The first sentence is neutral, the second is informal, and the third sentence is formal.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์นญ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ(we ๋˜๋Š” you)๊ฐ€
17:15
You can see that the formal sentence uses an impersonal structure (with it), rather
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์•„๋‹Œ ๋น„์ธ์นญ ๊ตฌ์กฐ(with it)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์‹๋ฌธ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:21
than a personal pronoun (we or you).
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.
17:25
Again, this is useful if you want to be respectful and indirect, because it isnโ€™t clearly directed
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์›ํ•  ๋•Œ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:33
at one person.
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.
17:37
The neutral sentence is more personal.
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์ค‘๋ฆฝ์  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:40
Can you see the important difference between the neutral and informal sentences?
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์ค‘๋ฆฝ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ฒฉ์‹ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:46
The neutral sentence uses we in both parts, while the informal sentence is more direct:
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์ค‘๋ฆฝ์  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ we๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋น„๊ณต์‹์  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋” ์ง์ ‘์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:54
...until you sort this out.
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...until you sort this out.
17:58
The points youโ€™ve seen so far in this lesson are true for both spoken and written English.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์š”์ ์€ ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์™€ ๋ฌธ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด ๋ชจ๋‘์— ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:04
However, there are some features of formality which apply only to written English.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฉ์‹์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ
18:11
Letโ€™s take a look.
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๋ณด์ž.
18:17
In writing, informal language uses contractions like he'll, it'd, or we're.
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๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” he'll, it'd ๋˜๋Š” we're์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:26
In informal written English, you can also use abbreviations, like btw for by the way,
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๋น„๊ฒฉ์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ฝ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด btw๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ,
18:34
ttyl for talk to you later, etc.
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ttyl์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฉ์‹์„
18:37
In formal writing, you generally wouldnโ€™t use contractions or abbreviations.
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์ฐจ๋ฆฐ ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ด๋‚˜ ์•ฝ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:45
In neutral writing, you can use contractions and some abbreviations.
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์ค‘๋ฆฝ์  ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์•ฝ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:51
However, some abbreviations, like plz for please, are informal and shouldnโ€™t be used
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ plz for please์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์•ฝ์–ด๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๋ฉฐ
19:00
if you want to sound neutral.
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์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:04
There are also some abbreviations which are possible in formal English.
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๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์•ฝ์–ด๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:09
For example, HR for Human Resources would be okay in formal language.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด HR for Human Resources๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:16
If you want to write something in formal English, and you aren't sure whether an abbreviation
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๊ฒฉ์‹ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ ์•ฝ์–ด๊ฐ€
19:23
is appropriate or not, then it's best to write the full form.
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
19:29
Letโ€™s see some examples:
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:33
Just for your information, we would like to schedule another meeting in October.
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์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ 10์›”์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ์˜ ์ผ์ •์„ ์žก๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:39
(Formalโ€”there are no contractions or abbreviations)
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(๊ณต์‹ - ์ถ•์•ฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์•ฝ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.)
19:47
Just for your information, weโ€™d like to arrange another meeting in October.
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์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ 10์›”์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:53
(neutralโ€”uses contractions, but no informal abbreviations).
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(์ค‘๋ฆฝ - ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์•ฝ์–ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ ).
20:03
Just FYI, we'd like to fix up a meeting in Oct.
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์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ 10์›”์— ํšŒ์˜ ์ผ์ •์„ ์žก๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:06
(Informalโ€”with contractions and abbreviations)
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(๋น„๊ณต์‹ - ์ถ•์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์•ฝ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ)
20:15
Written language is often held to a higher standard than spoken language, so itโ€™s important
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์„œ๋ฉด ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๊ตฌ์–ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
20:21
to get the tone right.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์–ด์กฐ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:23
In particular, donโ€™t use language which is too informal.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น„๊ฒฉ์‹์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
20:29
If youโ€™re not sure, aim for a neutral tone.
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ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ํ†ค์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
20:33
Letโ€™s look at one more example:
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:39
Thank you for all the hard work you have done.
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์ˆ˜๊ณ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:42
(Formalโ€”there are no contractions or abbreviations)
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(๊ฒฉ์‹ - ์ค„์ž„๋ง์ด๋‚˜ ์•ฝ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.)
20:49
Thank you for the hard work youโ€™ve done.
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์ˆ˜๊ณ ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:52
(Neutralโ€”uses contractions, but no informal abbreviations).
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(์ค‘๋ฆฝ - ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์•ฝ์–ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ ).
20:58
Thx for everything youโ€™ve done.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:03
(Informalโ€”with contractions and abbreviations)
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(๋น„๊ณต์‹โ€”์ถ•์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์•ฝ์–ด ํฌํ•จ)
21:07
Hopefully, now you have a good understanding of formality in English, and how to use formal,
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๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ฑด๋Œ€, ์ด์ œ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๊ฒฉ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฒฉ์‹,
21:17
neutral and informal English.
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์ค‘๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์…จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:20
Donโ€™t forget to check out our website for more free English lessons: Oxford Online English
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์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”: Oxford Online English
21:27
dot com.
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dot com.
21:30
Thanks for watching.
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์‹œ์ฒญ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:31
See you next time!
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋งŒ๋‚˜์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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