Professional English: How to talk about your career

1,396,348 views ใƒป 2013-12-19

Learn English with Rebecca


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:02
Hi, my name is Rebecca from www.engvid.com. In today's lesson, you will learn about 24
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์ €๋Š” ๋ ˆ๋ฒ ์นด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ 24๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”.
00:09
different words to talk about your working life. You'll need these words if you want
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง์žฅ ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์—์š”
00:14
to be able to talk about your career or about someone else's professional life. So let's
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:20
get started. I've divided the vocabulary into two parts.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•ด๋ดค์–ด์š”
00:25
On this side, we'll see words which the applicant or the employee, the future employee is going
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์ด์ชฝ์€ ์ง€์›์ž๋‚˜ ์ง์›, ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ง์›์ด ๋  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:34
to need; things that a person who is applying for a job or someone who works somewhere,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ง์—…์— ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ด์ฃ 
00:40
these words apply to them. And the words on this side refer to things that the employer
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ตฌ์š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ชฝ์€ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
does, that the company does. Okay? So let's start with what a person does when
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ธก ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:52
he's looking... He or she is looking for a job. So the first thing is to "look for a
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ง์—…์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ "look for a job" ์ผ์„ ์ฐพ๋‹ค, ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
job". That could mean that you look at classified ads, you go online; you look for a job. Another
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์‹ ๋ฌธ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ธ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋‚˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์ผ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ฃ 
01:06
way to say that is: "to seek employment", that's a formal way to say it. "To seek" means
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๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, "to seek employment" ์ง์—…์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค, ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฐ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด์ฃ 
01:13
to look for, and "employment" means work or a job.
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"to seek"์€ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๊ณ  "employment"๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง์—…์„ ๋œปํ•˜์ฃ 
01:19
Next, you would probably "apply". After you see a position that interests you or a job
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ "apply"(์ง€์›ํ•˜๋‹ค)ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
01:24
that interests you, you would apply for that position, you would fill out perhaps an application
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ง€์›์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ์ด๋•Œ ์ง€์›์„œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๋‚ด์•ผ (send in a letter) ํ•˜์ฃ 
01:31
form or send in a letter. And also "submit" which means to formally give in or send in,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฉ์‹์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ "submit"(์ œ์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค) ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
to submit your resume, to submit your CV. CV is curriculum vitae. In some places, they
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ด๋ ฅ์„œ(๋ ˆ์ฅฌ๋ฉ”)๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ CV๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค ๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ธ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CV๋Š” Curriculum Vitae์ธ๋ฐ,
01:50
say: "CV", and in other places, they say: "resume". It's the same thing, but you need
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์ด๋ ฅ์„œ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ . CV์™€ resume๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ์š”
01:55
to apply and submit it. So these are the first three things that someone who's looking for
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ์ถœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ . ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋จผ์ € ๊ตฌ์งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ,
02:01
a job or a job applicant is going to do. Let's jump on to this side now to see what
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์ผ์— ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์šฉ์–ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์˜†์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:08
the employer does, and then later, we'll come back to a couple of other things which the
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ธก์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด๊ตฌ์š”,, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
02:13
person can do. Okay? So what does the employer usually do? After they have gone through the
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ์„ ๋‹ค๋ค„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์‚ฌ์ธก์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
02:19
applications, they will invite some people for an "interview" and they will interview
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์ง€์›์„œ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์›์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ฉด์ ‘ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
that person. Next, they'll make a list which is... That
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ์ธ์‚ฌ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋Š” ๋ช…๋‹จ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ์š”
02:31
process is called: "to shortlist". "To shortlist" means let's say that they interviewed 20 people
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์€ "shortlist"(์ตœ์ข… ๋ช…๋‹จ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค)๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 20๋ช…์„ ๋ฉด์ ‘๋ดค๋‹ค๊ณ  ์นฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:40
and now they're going to choose about three people or five people, and from those five
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๊ฐ€ 3๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ 5๋ช…์„ ๋ฝ‘๊ตฌ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ 5๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ 3๋ช… ์ค‘์—์„œ
02:47
or three, they will choose one person finally because there's one position available. So
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋ช…์„ ๋ฝ‘์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ 
02:53
when they take out of the 20, they make it three or five, that's called... That process
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๋˜ํ•œ 20๋ช… ์ค‘์—์„œ 3๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ 5๋ช…์„ ๋ฝ‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ shortlisting์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
is called shortlisting. They shortlist the candidates. So the first thing you can hope,
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์ธ์‚ฌ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋Š” ์ง€์›์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ๋ช…๋‹จ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ๋ดค๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:06
after being interviewed, is that you will be shortlisted. And then, hopefully, you will
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์ตœ์ข… ๋ช…๋‹จ์— ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:12
also be chosen for the position. So if that happens, the company decides to
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‚˜์„œ ๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋ฝ‘ํžŒ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:18
"hire" someone or to "recruit" a new employee, to recruit someone. Both words are used.
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hire, recruit ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ฃ 
03:27
After that, if necessary, but not always, they may have to "train" that person to teach
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ผญ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด train(์ง์—… ํ›ˆ๋ จ)์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
them how to do the job. At some later point in their career, it may be also necessary
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์ผ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ๋˜ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ retrain(์žฌํ›ˆ๋ จ)์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:41
to "retrain" that person. "Re"-anything usually means to do something again.
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"Re-"๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋” ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
Next, after the person has been hired and perhaps trained, the person will be "placed"
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ง์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์ง์—… ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:54
in a particular department, in a branch, in a division, in a particular location. They
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๋ถ€์„œ๋‚˜ ์ง€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
will placed there means they will be put in that position.
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place๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์€ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
Next, a variety of things can occur, can happen in the course of a person's career. A person
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด์—์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
could be "transferred". You see the arrow? Transfer means your position, the level of
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์ง์›์€ ์ด์ „๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™”์‚ดํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ ? transfer์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง์œ„๋Š” ๊ผญ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:20
your position doesn't change necessarily, but you might be just moved. "To transfer"
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋””๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
means to move to another branch, to another location, to another country, - right? - another
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transfer์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ด์ „๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
department, another division. You are transferred. Another thing that can happen if you're doing
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์„œ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์†Œ์†์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
very well is you might be "promoted". Here we see the arrow pointing up. So, "to promote"
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋กœ๋Š”, ์—…๋ฌด ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์Šน์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ํ™”์‚ดํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ ?
04:45
means to get a higher level position. Usually, but not always, that includes a higher salary
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promote๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜์ฃ 
04:53
as well. Then you may be... That's referred to as a "raise", but it doesn't always happen.
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์ด๋Š” raise(์›”๊ธ‰ ์ธ์ƒ)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค๋ฒˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
Sometimes you get a higher position without the extra money.
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๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ง์œ„๋ฅผ ์–ป์–ด๋„ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:03
What can also happen, but very rarely, - but it does happen sometimes -, is instead of
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์ •๋ง ๋“œ๋ฌผ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์Šน์ง„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ขŒ์ฒœ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ 
05:09
getting promoted, a person might be demo-... "Demoted". So "demoted" means to get a lower
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Demoted๋Š” ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
position. This doesn't usually happen. Sometimes it can happen, for example: in the army, a
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์ž์ฃผ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ ์žˆ์ฃ 
05:21
person might be demoted for something bad that they did.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ตฐ๋Œ€์—์„œ ๊ตฐ์ธ์ด ๋น„ํ–‰์„ ์ €์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ขŒ์ฒœ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
Next: we come to different ways in which a person can be asked to leave work. There are
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๋‹ค์Œ, ์ง์›์ด ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋•Œ์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
three different ways so let me explain because the difference is actually very important.
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:40
A person might be "laid off". Another way to say that is: "to make someone redundant".
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์ง์›์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •(laid off) ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด to make someone redundant์ด์ฃ 
05:48
A person might be laid off or made redundant. I'll explain what that means. A person might
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์ง์›์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ • ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ์ด ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ณง ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
be "retrenched", or: "dismissed", or: "terminated". Now, let me explain the difference. When companies
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๋˜ํ•œ (retrenched, dismissed/terminated) ํ•ด๊ณ ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
lay off employees, they don't usually lay off one employee. They lay off a number of
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ•œ ์ง์›๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์ง์›๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:12
employees, sometimes it could be a hundred employees, it could be a thousand employees.
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๋ฐฑ๋ช…์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„, ์ฒœ๋ช…์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ 
06:17
And why does that happen? It has nothing to do with employee performance; it has to do
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”? ์—…๋ฌด ์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
with other... other reasons. The economy may be bad or the sales may be down, and so on.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ . ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜์—…์ด ์ž˜ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋“ฑ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ 
06:33
And so the company is forced to lay off hundreds of workers. Right? So when the company lays
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
off a number of workers, then they are telling them to go, but again, it's only temporarily.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ง์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ž„์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ๋“ค ํ•˜์ฃ 
06:51
Usually it's temporarily. Sometimes if the... If the economy continues to be really bad,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ž„์‹œ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์‚ฌ์ •์ด ๊ณ„์† ๋‚˜์˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:56
it can become permanent, but layoffs are often temporary. Sometimes when things improve then
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์ง€์†๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ , ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •์€ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ •์ด ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณ ์šฉ๋˜์ฃ 
07:03
they may be rehired. So if someone is laid off, it's much easier for that person to get
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •์„ ๋‹นํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋”์šฑ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
another job because if they're fired, for example, then that's going to be more difficult
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ํ•ด๊ณ ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ์š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ 
07:15
for them to get another job. All right. Now, next one is: "retrench". When
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ์€ retrench์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (retrench๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์ ˆ๊ฐ์˜ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ด๊ณ )
07:22
a company retrenches employees, it's similar to the layoff, but it's for different reasons.
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ํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์šฉ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ง์›์„ ์ค„์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
Retrenchment happens when a company is trying to restructure itself, reorganize its finances.
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๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋‚˜ ์žฌ์ •์„ ์žฌ์กฐ์งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
And so, it may decide to reduce expenses in a number of different ways. Sometimes it does
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:44
it by shortening working hours, by lowering salaries, and finally, if they have no choice
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๊ฐ€๋ น, ๊ทผ๋ฌด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ค„์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์›”๊ธ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:51
and no other way to save enough money, they may actually ask employees to go. So those
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์ง์›๋“ค์„ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:58
employees would then be retrenched. Again, it doesn't usually just happen to one person
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง์›๋“ค์€ ๋น„์šฉ์ ˆ๊ฐ์ด ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ๋„ ํ•œ ๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:03
at all; it happens to many people, maybe hundreds. So layoffs and retrenchments are similar,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ . ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ์ ˆ๊ฐ์€ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
except that retrenchment is often looked at, technically, as more permanent, and layoffs,
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๋น„์šฉ์ ˆ๊ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋” ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๋นผ๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
08:16
as I mentioned, might be temporary. The next situation is number 11 here, is a
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋“ฏ, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค์Œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ 11๋ฒˆ์ด์ฃ 
08:23
person could be "dismissed" or "terminated." And what does that mean? Okay? That means
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์ง์›์€ ํ•ด๊ณ (dismissed/terminated)๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
08:31
something quite different from being laid off, because when you're laid off, as I said,
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์ด๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •๊ณผ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
it's not your fault. But if you're dismissed or terminated, it may be because the company
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•ด๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
08:40
is specifically unhappy with that person's performance, or that person is perpetually
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
late, or that person's work is not up to standard, and so on. Right? So the company dismisses
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋ชป๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
08:53
that particular person. The official word for that is to be "dismissed" or to be "terminated".
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง์›์„ ํ•ด๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ dismissed๋‚˜ terminated์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
The slang for that is to be "fired" or "sacked". In North America, the slang is: "to be fired".
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์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” fired๋‚˜ sacked์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์ฃ . ๋ถ๋ฏธ์—์„œ๋Š” to be fired๋กœ,
09:11
In England, the slang tends to be: "to be sacked". All right?
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” to be sacked๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
So that's what can happen from the employer's point of view. Let's go back for a minute
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ธก์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž ์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
09:21
and talk about a few other things that the employee can do.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง์›๋“ค์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ค„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
09:26
Sometimes, you may get a better job and so you decide to leave the company where you
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๊ฐ€๋”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป์–ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
work and go to another company, so you "resign". This is something you do by yourself. You
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ‡ด์‚ฌ(resign)ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์˜์ง€๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
09:39
decide to resign. The slang for that is to: "quit". "I quit", famous words. So, if you
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ‡ด์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘”๋‹ค(quit)๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "I Quit" ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:47
decide to resign, you will probably submit a letter of resignation. All right? That goes
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ‡ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์‚ฌ์ง์„œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
with resigning. And the last thing that an employee usually
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ‡ด์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์›๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ
09:59
does, - it depends on what age in different countries -, is to "retire". So what does
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์ด๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‡ด์ง(retire)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
it mean to retire? "To retire" means to stop working because you've reached an age when,
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ํ‡ด์ง์€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ํ‡ด์งํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
10:11
legally, you are forced to stop working. And these... The age varies in different countries,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ๋‚˜์ด์ด์ฃ . ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ‡ด์ง์—ฐ๋ น์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
but it can be anywhere from 60 to 65 in most places. All right? Of course, if you work
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๋Œ€๋žต 60์„ธ์—์„œ 65์„ธ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ฌผ๋ก 
10:22
for yourself, you may never retire. And in other countries, the retirement age might
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ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ ์ผ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ‡ด์งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ฃ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ‡ด์ง์—ฐ๋ น์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:28
be quite different. All right? So, this is some essential vocabulary that
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜๋“ค ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
you need to be able to talk about your business life, your working life, your career. All
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง์žฅ ์ƒํ™œ์ด๋‚˜ ์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
10:39
right? If you would like to do a quiz on this subject, please go to our website: www.engvid.com.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถฐ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด์„ธ์š” www.engvid.com
10:46
Thank you very much for watching, and good luck with your career. Bye for now.
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์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์€ ์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ์Œ“์œผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ด์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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