3 ways to express negative ideas POWERFULLY

330,863 views ใƒป 2014-01-20

Learn English with Rebecca


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hi, my name is Rebecca, and in today's lesson I'm going to show you how to express negative
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ ใงใฏ
00:08
ideas in a very powerful way in English. Okay? Now, there are many ways to do this, but the
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง้žๅธธใซๅผทๅŠ›ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช่€ƒใˆใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใซใฏๅคšใใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
00:15
way that I'm going to show you teaches you certain expressions which we place at the
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€็ง ใŸใกใŒๆ–‡้ ญใซ็ฝฎใใ€
00:21
beginning of the sentence and that emphasize the negative aspect of whatever it is that
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00:28
we're trying to communicate. Now, this is a bit of an advanced lesson because
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็งใŸใกใŒใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅด้ขใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹็‰นๅฎšใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™. ไผใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰
00:33
some of the changes that we have to make in the sentence in order to convey the negative
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ใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅด้ขใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆ–‡็ซ ใซๅŠ ใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅค‰ๆ›ดใฎใ„ใใคใ‹
00:39
aspect are a little bit tricky, but I think if you follow along, you will understand.
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ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅพ“ใˆใฐ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™.
00:46
And secondly, even if you are not at an advanced level, it's good to understand how these expressions
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็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไธŠ็ดš่€…ใงใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่กจ็พใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่‰ฏใ„
00:52
are used, so when people around you use them, you will follow why they're using those expressions
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00:57
and how seriously they are conveying what they want to communicate. Okay? So, let's
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ใ“ใจใงใ™. ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใจใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€
01:04
look. So the expressions that we can use at the
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่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ๆ–‡้ ญใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹่กจ็พ
01:09
beginning of the sentence are: "Never before", or: "Under no circumstances", or: "On no account".
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ใฏๆฌก ใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
01:21
Okay? So these are three different ways that we can express negative ideas. And I'm going
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช่€ƒใˆใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ 3 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
01:28
to show you now how to incorporate them or how to use them in the context of an English
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ต„ใฟ่พผใ‚€ ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่‹ฑๆ–‡ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ™
01:34
sentence. So let's suppose in the first example that
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. ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใงใ€
01:39
this is the idea that we want to express. The idea we want to express in regular English
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่กจ็พใ—ใŸใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’ๆŠœใใซ ใ—ใฆ้€šๅธธใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใง่กจ็พใ—ใŸใ„ใฎ
01:46
without this expression first is: "We cannot allow this to continue."
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ใฏใ€ ใ€Œใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็ถšใใฎใฏ่จฑใ›ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:53
Okay? That's your regular sentence. Right? "We cannot allow this to continue." Just ignore
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅธธๅฅ—ๅฅใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใซใฏใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
02:00
the numbers for a moment; I'm going to explain why I've put numbers on them. Now, look what
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๆ•ฐๅญ—ใ‚’็„ก่ฆ–ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใŸ็†็”ฑใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
02:05
happens to the sentence when we use one of these expressions first to emphasize the negative
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅด้ขใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่กจ็พใฎ 1 ใคใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆ
02:12
aspect: "Under no circumstances can we allow this
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ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹
02:18
to continue." Right? We cannot... We didn't say: "Under
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ใจใ€ๆ–‡ใŒใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใงใ ใพใ›ใ‚“... ใ€Œ
02:23
no circumstances we cannot allow this to continue." We didn't just add this and keep the sentence
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ใ„ใ‹ใชใ‚‹็Šถๆณใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅŒใ˜ใซไฟใคใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
02:29
the same; we had to make some changes. So what came first? Now, when we use this expression,
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ใ€‚ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไฝ•ใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซๆฅใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใใฏใ€
02:36
first we have to use the auxiliary or helping verb, like here: "can". Okay? Then we have
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ใพใšใ€Œcanใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใพใŸใฏๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๆฌกใซ
02:44
to put the subject of the sentence which is: "we", and then you place the main verb.
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ๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ‚’็ฝฎใใ€ๆฌกใซไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:52
All right? Let's look. So here it said: "We cannot allow", and here we said: "Under no circumstances
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏ่จฑใ™ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€Œใ„ใ‹ใชใ‚‹็ŠถๆณใซใŠใ„ใฆ
02:59
can we allow this to continue." So this negative part came into this expression, and therefore,
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ใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จฑๅฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใฎใง
03:12
the rest of the sentence became positive, but the implication is still negative.
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ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€ๅซๆ„ใฏไพ็„ถใจใ—ใฆใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:19
All right? Let's look at another example. This is the
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
03:23
idea you want to convey: "We will not admit anyone under 18."
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไผใˆใŸใ„่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ 18 ๆญณๆœชๆบ€ใฏๅ…ฅๅ ดใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€‚
03:29
"We will not admit anyone under 18." That's the regular sentence. Now, when we use one
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ใ€Œ18ๆญณๆœชๆบ€ใฎๅ…ฅๅ ดใฏใŠๆ–ญใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œ ใŒๅฎšๅž‹ๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่กจ็พใฎ 1 ใคใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจ
03:36
of these expressions, we could say: "On no account will we admit anyone under
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ใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:44
18." So, what happened? "On no account will we
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ใฉใ†ใ—ใŸใฎ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๆฑบใ—ใฆ่ชใ‚ใพใ›ใ‚“
03:49
admit", all right? So first the auxiliary: "will", then the subject: "we", then the main
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ใ€ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๆœ€ๅˆใซๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉž ใ€Œwillใ€ใ€ๆฌกใซไธป่ชžใ€Œweใ€ใ€ๆฌกใซไธป
03:57
verb: "admit". Okay? Let's look at another example.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œadmitใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:02
"We have never spent so much before." Okay? That's your regular sentence. "We have
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใซใ“ใ‚Œใปใฉๅคšใใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅธธๅฅ—ๅฅใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏ
04:07
never spent so much before." When we use another one of these expressions, we say:
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ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใซใ“ใ‚Œใปใฉๅคšใใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่กจ็พใฎๅˆฅใฎ 1 ใคใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
04:15
"Never before have we spent so much." Okay? "Never before have we spent so much."
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใซใ“ใ‚Œใปใฉๅคšใใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใปใฉๅคšใใฎ่ฒป็”จใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‹ใคใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
04:26
Okay? So, you see again that the "never" came at the beginning in the form of this expression,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€ใŒ ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใฎๅฝขใงๆœ€ๅˆใซๆฅ
04:33
and then the rest of it remained positive, but the overall impression that you give is
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ใฆใ€ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฏ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชใพใพใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅ†ใณใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใชๅฐ่ฑกใฏ
04:39
that you have never spent so much before. Okay?
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใซใใ‚Œใปใฉๅคšใใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ . ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:43
So these three expressions are very useful and powerful to express negative ideas because
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 3 ใคใฎ่กจ็พใฏใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช่€ƒใˆใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ้žๅธธใซไพฟๅˆฉใงๅผทๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰
04:49
right at the start of the sentence you're communicating the message, a very strong message
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ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๅ†’้ ญใงใ€่กจ็พใ—ใŸใ„
04:56
that there is a negative idea that you want to express. Okay?
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช่€ƒใˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†้žๅธธใซๅผทใ„ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธ ใ‚’ไผใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:00
If you'd like to practice this - which is probably a very good idea - go to our website:
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใ้žๅธธใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใ™ใ€‚ๅฝ“็คพใฎ Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ
05:05
www.engvid.com. Thanks very much for watching and good luck with your English.
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www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ† ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚่‹ฑ่ชžใง้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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