Fix two BIG errors in English writing!

410,975 views ใƒป 2018-08-01

Learn English with Rebecca


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚
00:02
I'm Rebecca from engVid.
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engVid ใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใงใ™ใ€‚
00:03
In this lesson I'll show you how to avoid the two most common errors made in English
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง ใฏใ€่‹ฑไฝœๆ–‡ใงใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ๅ›ž้ฟใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใจใ€
00:08
writing, and also how to fix them.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:12
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:13
So, these two errors are: The run-on sentence and the comma splice.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 2 ใคใฎใ‚จใƒฉใƒผใฏ ใ€ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ชใƒณ ใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ‚นใจใ‚ซใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:20
So, what does that mean?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:22
Well, what happens in both these cases is that two sentences are incorrectly joined
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ ใ€2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใŒ่ชคใฃ
00:29
into one sentence.
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ใฆ 1 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใซ็ตๅˆใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
00:31
In one case, the run-on sentence, it's incorrectly joined because there's no punctuation; and
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1 ใคใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใ€ๅฎŸ่กŒๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ ๅฅ่ชญ็‚นใŒใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใซ่ชคใฃใฆ็ตๅˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸ
00:38
in the comma splice, it's incorrectly joined with a comma.
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ใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใงใฏใ€ ่ชคใฃใฆใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใง็ตๅˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:43
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็งใฎ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹
00:44
Let's have a look at some examples so you understand exactly what I mean.
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†ใ€‚
00:48
So, the first one: "I like your haircut it looks really good."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎ๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ้ซชๅž‹ใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ไผผๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
00:53
Now, what happened here?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:55
We have a subject and a verb, and a sentence here: "I like your haircut."
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ไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฌกใฎ ๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ซชๅž‹ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:01
So this sentence is really a sentence by itself; it should end there in some way.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ ใใ‚Œ่‡ชไฝ“ใŒๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใ‚“ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใใ“ใง็ต‚ไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:06
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:07
Later we're going to look at exactly how to fix it; there are a few options.
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ๅพŒใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:11
But the writer wrote right after that: "...it looks really good", so that's another sentence
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไฝœๅฎถใฏใใฎ็›ดๅพŒ
01:17
with a subject and a verb.
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ใซใ“ใ†ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:19
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
01:20
We have it here.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:22
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:24
So, this is incorrect, and this is an example of a run-on sentence, because it's two sentences
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅฅ่ชญ็‚นใฎใชใ„ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ่กŒๆ–‡ใฎไพ‹ใงใ™
01:31
with no punctuation.
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ใ€‚
01:34
Let's take a look at this one: "I like your haircut, it looks really good."
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ซชๅž‹ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™.ใ€
01:40
Well, it still should be two separate sentences in some way, or correctly joined, but it's
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅฝขใง 2 ใคใฎๅˆฅใ€…ใฎๆ–‡ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ็ตๅˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Š
01:47
not.
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ซใƒณใƒž
01:48
It was only joined with a comma, which is incorrect.
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ใ ใ‘ใง็ตๅˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆ ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:51
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:52
So this is an example of the comma splice, which is basically these two sentences were
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ณใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใง่ชคใฃใฆ
01:58
combined into one incorrectly with a comma.
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1 ใคใซ็ตๅˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎ ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:02
Let's take a look at another example.
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:04
"My brother is a doctor he works at a hospital."
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๅ…„ใฏ ็—…้™ขใงๅƒใๅŒป่€…ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:07
So, by now you can probably tell me: Here we have...
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ใ“ใ“ใพใงใงใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใๆฌกใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†
02:11
"My brother" is the subject, "is" is the verb; "he" is the subject, "works" is the verb,
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ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œheใ€ใฏไธป่ชžใ€ใ€Œworksใ€ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™
02:17
but these are two sentences.
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:19
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
02:20
But what happened?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:21
The writer wrote them as one long sentence.
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็ญ†่€…ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ ใ‚’ 1 ใคใฎ้•ทใ„ๆ–‡็ซ ใจใ—ใฆๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:23
"My brother is a doctor he works at a hospital."
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๅ…„ใฏ ็—…้™ขใงๅƒใๅŒป่€…ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:27
And really, we needed some kind of break here, and the same thing here.
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ใใ—ใฆๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎไผ‘ๆ†ฉใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:32
So this was...
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏโ€ฆ
02:33
Sorry.
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็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:34
An example of a run-on sentence.
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ๅฎŸ่กŒๆ–‡ใฎไพ‹.
02:35
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
02:36
And this one: "My brother is a doctor, he works at a hospital."
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎๅ…„ใฏ ๅŒป่€…ใงใ€็—…้™ขใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:40
But, again, we cannot join this kind of...
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็ตๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“...
02:44
These two sentences with a comma.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ ใซใฏใ‚ซใƒณใƒžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:47
So this was a mistake called a comma splice.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ซใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:50
Now, you're saying to me: "Does a comma really make all that difference?"
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ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใซใ“ใ† ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:55
Yeah, it does, and especially if you're appearing for any kind of exam-okay?-any kind of English
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็‰นใซ
03:01
exam, like the IELTS, or the TOEFL, or the TOEIC, or the PTE, or anything else; or if
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ใ€IELTSใ€TOEFLใ€ TOEICใ€PTE ใชใฉใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅ‡บ้ ญใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ็‰นใซใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:08
you're submitting an assignment in school, or in college, or in university; or if you're
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅญฆๆ กใ€ๅคงๅญฆใ€ใพใŸใฏๅคงๅญฆใง่ชฒ้กŒใ‚’ๆๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ
03:12
writing an email.
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ใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
03:14
An email, you're just going to look quite unprofessional; but in school or in any academic
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้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใฃใŸใใƒ—ใƒญใ‚‰ใ—ใใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅญฆๆ กใ‚„ๅญฆๅ•็š„ใช
03:20
situation, you're going to lose marks for sure in your writing with this mistake.
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็Šถๆณใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใง็ขบๅฎŸใซ็‚นๆ•ฐใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:25
Why?
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ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ
03:26
Because it's a very basic mistake.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช้–“้•ใ„ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:28
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:29
It's not a sophisticated, advanced mistake; it's a basic mistake that you need to know
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ซ˜ๅบฆใง้ซ˜ๅบฆใช้–“้•ใ„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชž ใง็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™
03:33
in English.
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ใ€‚
03:34
"What is a complete sentence?
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ใ€ŒๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆ–‡ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:37
And how to create a complex sentence or anything else."
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ใใ—ใฆ่ค‡้›‘ใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ• ใ‚„ใใฎไป–ใฎใ“ใจใ€‚ใ€
03:42
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:43
So, next we're going to look at how to fix these mistakes.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:46
All right, are you with me?
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
03:49
Let's take a look at a new example.
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:51
"People are buying books online bookstores are closing."
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ใ€Œไบบใ€…ใฏๆœฌใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใ€ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณ ๆ›ธๅบ—ใฏ้–‰ๅบ—ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:56
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:57
So right now, the way it is up here, this is a mistake.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–น ใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:02
This is, which one?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใฉใ‚Œ๏ผŸ
04:03
Run-on sentence or comma splice?
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ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ชใƒณใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ‚นใพใŸใฏใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚น?
04:04
It's a run-on sentence.
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้ง†ใ‘่ถณใฎๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:06
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:07
If it had had a comma here, then it would be a comma splice.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:10
But one way or the other, we have two sentences which are incorrectly joined and made into
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ„ใšใ‚Œใซใ›ใ‚ˆใ€้–“้•ใฃใฆ็ตๅˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆ 1 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
04:16
one sentence.
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ใ€‚
04:17
So, how can we fix it?
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ใงใฏใ€ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐไฟฎๆญฃใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:19
So, here, first I'm going to show you two easier solutions that you can use.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใพใšใ€ ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹็ฐกๅ˜ใช่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใ‚’ 2 ใค็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:25
So, the first one is to separate the two sentences with a period.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ใพใšใฏ ไบŒใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใงๅŒบๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ใ€‚
04:30
For example: "People are buying books online."
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ไพ‹: ใ€Œไบบใ€…ใฏ ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงๆœฌใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:34
(Period).
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๏ผˆ้™็›ฎ๏ผ‰ใ€‚
04:35
And then, of course, because now we have a new sentence, we need to make this a capital:
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ ๆ–‡ใŒใงใใŸใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
04:40
"Bookstores are closing."
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๆ›ธๅบ—ใฏ้–‰ๅบ—ไธญใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:42
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:44
Got it?
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ใจใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:45
Separate them with a period.
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ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใงๅŒบๅˆ‡ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:47
Separate the two sentences, and start the new sentence with a capital letter.
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2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅŒบๅˆ‡ใ‚Šใ€ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ใฏๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:52
Second option: Separate with a semi-colon.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ: ใ‚ปใƒŸใ‚ณใƒญใƒณใงๅŒบๅˆ‡ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:55
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:57
What's a semi-colon?
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ใ‚ปใƒŸใ‚ณใƒญใƒณใจใฏ๏ผŸ
04:58
It's a punctuation mark that looks like this: ";". It's actually a really good punctuation
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ใ€Œ;ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅฅ่ชญ็‚น ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:03
mark to get to know, because if you use a semi-colon in your writing, it's considered
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ๆ–‡็ซ ใงใ‚ปใƒŸใ‚ณใƒญใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจ
05:08
a little bit more of an advanced punctuation mark and it shows that your English is at
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ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—้ซ˜ๅบฆใช ๅฅ่ชญ็‚นใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใŒๅฐ‘ใ—้ซ˜ใ„ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅฅ่ชญ็‚นใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ้žๅธธใซ้ฉใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:15
a little bit of a higher level.
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.
05:17
It's a very popular punctuation mark in universities, and academic writing, and so on.
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ๅคงๅญฆใ‚„ๅญฆ่ก“่ซ–ๆ–‡ใชใฉใง้žๅธธใซไบบๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฅ่ชญ็‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
05:23
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:24
So, learn it; it's not hard to use.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅญฆใณใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใฏ้›ฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:26
And what does a semi-colon mean, or why do we use it?
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ใ‚ปใƒŸใ‚ณใƒญใƒณใจใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใชใœไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
05:31
We use it to separate-yes-but we use it when two sentences or two ideas are quite close
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ใฏใ„ใ€ๅˆ†้›ขใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใพใŸใฏ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒ้žๅธธใซ่ฟ‘ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซไฝฟ็”จใ—
05:39
in meaning, like here.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:41
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
05:42
"People are buying books online;" (semi-colon).
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ใ€Œไบบใ€…ใฏใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงๆœฌใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ๏ผˆใ‚ปใƒŸใ‚ณใƒญใƒณ๏ผ‰ใ€‚
05:46
And now we've created the separation, but we don't need to capitalize anything here.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงๅˆ†้›ขใŒไฝœๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:53
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:54
So then we say: "People are buying books online; bookstores are closing."
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œไบบใ€…ใฏ ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงๆœฌใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใ€ๆ›ธๅบ—ใฏ้–‰ๅบ—ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:59
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:00
So the only difference was here we created two separate sentences.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใง 2 ใคใฎๅˆฅๅ€‹ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:04
It's a little more basic also, here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:07
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:08
Here, it's a little more sophisticated, a little more advanced because we said: "People
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ ใ€ใ€Œไบบใ€…
06:13
are buying books online;"-no capital-"bookstores are closing".
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ใฏใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงๆœฌใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œ ่ณ‡ๆœฌใŒใชใ„ใ€ใ€Œๆ›ธๅบ—ใฏ้–‰ๅบ—ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆด—็ทดใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่กจ็พใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:17
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:18
So these are the first two options that you have to fix this sentence.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:23
Next we're going to look at two slightly more advanced options.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ 2 ใค่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:26
All right, so now let's look at option number three, and that is to make a compound sentence.
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ใงใฏใ€้ธๆŠž่‚ข 3 ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ่ค‡ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:34
What is a compound sentence?
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่ค‡ๅˆๆ–‡ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:35
A compound sentence is when we have two sentences that are connected with what's called a coordinating
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่ค‡ๅˆๆ–‡ใฏ ใ€่ชฟๆ•ดๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
06:43
conjunction.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:44
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:45
I know that's a long grammatical term, but it refers to one of these words.
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้•ทใ„ๆ–‡ๆณ•็”จ่ชžใง ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ 1 ใคใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:51
And just to remember them, we have the acronym: FANBOYS.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใŸใ‚ ใซใ€้ ญๅญ—่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผšFANBOYS.
06:55
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:56
So, F for "for", "and", "nor", "but", "or", "yet", and "so".
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œforใ€ใ€ใ€Œandใ€ใ€ใ€Œnorใ€ใ€ ใ€Œbutใ€ใ€ใ€Œorใ€ใ€ใ€Œyetใ€ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ€Œsoใ€ใฎ F ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:06
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:07
These are coordinating conjunctions that you can use to create a compound sentence.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ใ€่ค‡ๅˆๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹่ชฟๆ•ดๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
07:14
For example: "People are buying books online and bookstores are closing."
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ไพ‹: ใ€Œไบบใ€…ใฏใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงๆœฌใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใฆ ใŠใ‚Šใ€ๆ›ธๅบ—ใฏ้–‰ๅบ—ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:20
Now it's a proper, correct sentence in terms of grammar.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใฏ้ฉๅˆ‡ใงๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:24
Or we could have said here: "People are buying books online,"-and in this case, comma-"so
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œไบบใ€…ใฏใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงๆœฌใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
07:31
bookstores are closing".
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ๆ›ธๅบ—ใฏ้–‰ๅบ—ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:33
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:34
But either of those words makes this now a correct sentence.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:38
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:39
And that would be called a compound sentence, because we have two complete sentences: "People
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ค‡ๅˆๆ–‡ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚"ไบบใ€…
07:44
are buying books online", and the second sentence: "Bookstores are closing", but they're connected
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ใฏใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงๆœฌใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™" ใจ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ "ๆœฌๅฑ‹ใŒ้–‰ใพใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™" ใจใ„ใ† 2 ใคใฎๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้ฉๅˆ‡ใซๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„
07:49
properly.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:50
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:51
I hope you're with me; I'm sure you are.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:54
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:55
Let's look at the last option, and that is to make a complex sentence.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ่ค‡้›‘ใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:59
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:00
This is considered, like, the more...
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
08:02
The most advanced option that you can implement.
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... ๅฎŸ่ฃ…ใงใใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:05
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:06
So, here, what we do is we use something like this.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใง็งใŸใกใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:10
We say, for example: "Because people are buying books online,"-comma-"bookstores are closing".
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œไบบใ€…ใŒใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงๆœฌใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€"-comma-"ๆœฌๅฑ‹ใŒ้–‰ใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:18
Now, why is this a complex sentence?
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ใงใฏใ€ใชใœใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ่ค‡้›‘ใชๆ–‡ใชใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
08:21
Because we have an independent clause-right?-that can stand by itself: "Bookstores are closing",
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๆ›ธๅบ—ใฏ้–‰ๅบ—ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†็‹ฌ็ซ‹็ฏ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ใใ‚Œใฏ
08:27
and we have something called a dependent clause, because if we say: "Because people are buying
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็‹ฌ็ซ‹็ฏ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
08:33
books online", that's not a complete sentence by itself, right?
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ่‡ชไฝ“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆˆใ™
08:38
It depends on the second part of the sentence to make sense.
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ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ€ๆ–‡ใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซไพๅญ˜ใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:42
So, this first part is called a dependent clause, and the second part is called an independent
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏๅพ“ๅฑž็ฏ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œ ใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏ็‹ฌ็ซ‹็ฏ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œ
08:48
clause.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:49
It doesn't have to go in that order.
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ใใฎ้ †็•ชใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:52
When the dependent clause comes first, then we have a comma; if it was in the other...
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ๅพ“ๅฑž็ฏ€ใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซๆฅใ‚‹ ใจใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ‚ŒใŒไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰
08:59
The other order-okay?-the opposite order, if we said: "Bookstores are closing because
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... ไป–ใฎ้ †ๅบ - ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผ? - ้€†ใฎ้ †ๅบใงใ€ ใ€Œ
09:03
people are buying books online", then we don't need any comma.
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ไบบใ€…ใŒใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงๆœฌใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆœฌๅฑ‹ใŒ้–‰ใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ซใƒณใƒžใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
09:08
Got all that?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
09:10
Good for you.
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ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใญใ€‚
09:11
Sometimes when there are a lot of options, what's better is to learn one option and do
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้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ 1 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใ‚’ๅญฆใณใ€ๆฏŽๅ›žใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒ่‰ฏใ„
09:15
that every time, and that makes your life easier and also you'll be right.
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ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:20
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:21
So, words like: "because", these are called subordinating conjunctions, for those of you
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่จ€่‘‰ใฏ ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใŒๅฅฝใใชไบบใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅพ“ๅฑžๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™
09:27
who love grammar.
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ใ€‚
09:30
And examples of subordinating conjunctions are: "because", or: "before", "after", "although",
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ๅพ“ๅฑžๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใฎไพ‹ใฏ ใ€ใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅ‰ใซใ€ใ€ใ€ŒๅพŒใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€
09:37
"though", "as", "since", and "because".
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ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใจใ—ใฆใ€ใ€ ใ€Œไปฅๆฅใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:42
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:43
These are examples of subordinating conjunctions that we can use to make or create complex
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅพ“ๅฑžๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใฎไพ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ่ค‡้›‘ใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใพใŸใฏไฝœๆˆ
09:50
sentences to solve the problem that we were originally trying to solve of a run-on sentence
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ใ—ใฆใ€ ๅ…ƒใ€…่งฃๆฑบใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใƒฉใƒณใ‚ชใƒณๆ–‡
09:57
or a comma splice.
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ใพใŸใฏใ‚ณใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:59
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:00
So now you're just so much smarter than when we started a few minutes ago.
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ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ๆ•ฐๅˆ†ๅ‰ใซๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใจใใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ่ณขใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:04
You have learned four wonderful way to solve this very common problem.
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ใ“ใฎ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ•้กŒใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ 4 ใคใฎใ™ใฐใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:09
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:10
And, as I said, it is a serious problem.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏๆทฑๅˆปใชๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
10:12
Even though I'm smiling and I'm laughing, because I like to smile and laugh, it's still
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็ฌ‘ใฃใฆ็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€ ็ฌ‘ใฃใฆ็ฌ‘ใ†ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใชใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œ
10:17
a serious problem.
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ใฏๆทฑๅˆปใชๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
10:19
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:20
So, use one of these methods to solve the problem, and that will be that.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใฆๅ•้กŒใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:23
And pay attention to your own writing in the next week or so; look at your emails, check
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆฅ้€ฑใ‹ใใ“ใ‚‰ใงใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใซๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€
10:27
your writing.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:28
Are you doing this?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:30
And if not...
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10:31
If so, fix it.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ... ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:33
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:34
Now you know how.
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ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:35
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
10:36
So, in order to master this, though, and make sure that you don't do this anymore, please
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ—ใ€ ใ‚‚ใ†ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†
10:41
go to our website: www.engvid.com, and there, you can do a quiz on this.
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ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅฝ“็คพใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:47
And I highly recommend that, because the more practice you can get with it, the better you'll
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ™ใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€ไธŠๆ‰‹
10:53
get and also the easier it will become.
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ใซใชใ‚Šใ€ ็ฐกๅ˜ใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅผทใใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:55
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:56
It won't seem just like a lot of words, like: Complex sentence, compound sentence; you'll
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅคšใใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใฏ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ค‡ๅˆๆ–‡ใ€่ค‡ๅˆๆ–‡ใ€‚
11:01
actually begin to understand that, especially when you combine it with this lesson.
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็‰นใซใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใจ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
11:06
If you're going...
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่กŒใ
11:07
If you need to, you can come back, watch the lesson; go back, do the quiz-okay?-until you
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ใชใ‚‰... ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‰ๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ๆˆปใฃใฆใ€ๆญฃ่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใพใงใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟ
11:11
get it right, so that your English writing can be really excellent.
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ ไฝœๆ–‡ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:15
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:16
So, thanks very much for watching.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใ่ช ใซ ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:17
Don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel, and share with your friends if you enjoyed
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็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‹้”ใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
11:21
this lesson.
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ใ€‚
11:22
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:23
Thanks very much for watching, and all the best with your English.
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚่‹ฑ่ชžใง้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:26
Bye for now.
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ใพใŸใญใ€‚
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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