Conversational English - How to emphasize your point

139,373 views ใƒป 2012-08-29

Learn English with Rebecca


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, my name is Rebecca, and in today's lesson, I'm going to show you how to sound more like
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง ใฏ
00:09
a native speaker in English, and it's by using what we call "identical pairs". Now, what
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€
00:16
are identical pairs? These are expressions where one word is repeated twice, and why
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ๅŒไธ€ใƒšใ‚ขใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ 1 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ 2 ๅ›ž็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่กจ็พใงใ™ใŒใ€ใชใœ
00:25
do we do that? We do that in order to emphasize what we're trying to say, okay? Let me give
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใใ†ใ— ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
00:31
you an example of what we mean so that you can understand exactly how to use these expressions.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่กจ็พใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:37
So here are eight of them that I've written on the board for you. The first one is "over
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซๆ›ธใ„ใŸใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ†ใกใฎ8ใคใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ไธ€ใค็›ฎใฏใ€Œ
00:44
and over", okay? When we say that somebody did something over and over, or I had to explain
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ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏ็งใŒใใ‚Œ
00:52
it to him over and over, it means I had to explain it to somebody repeatedly, again and
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ใ‚’ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ๅฝผใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒ ่ชฐใ‹ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจ
01:01
again is another expression, which we'll see, which also means repeatedly. Now, why don't
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ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใ€‚
01:08
we just say, "I had to explain it to him again"? You can say that, and of course, everybody
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆๅฝผใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจใ ใ‘่จ€ใฃใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€่ชฐใ‚‚
01:15
will understand you. "I had to explain it to him again" means I had to explain it to
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ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใซใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ ๅฝผใซใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ
01:20
him a second time, right? But when we say, "I had to explain it to him again and again",
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ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใงใ‚‚ใ€ ใ€Œไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ
01:28
it means that we had to do it several times, repeatedly. And you say that sometimes when
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ใ€ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:36
you're a little bit annoyed, or when you want to show a little bit more emotion about what
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใŸใจใใจใ‹ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ่กจ็พใ— ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’่กจใซๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ„ใจใใจใ‹ใ€ใใ†ใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ™‚ใ€…่จ€ใ„
01:42
you're expressing, okay? Let's look at some of the other ones.
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ใพใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ไป–ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:47
Next one, "round and round". "We went round and round." This means, as you can probably
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ๆฌกใฏใ€Œใใ‚‹ใใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚‹ใใ‚‹ๅ›žใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ”
01:54
imagine, in circles. Now, what do you mean by saying, "We went round and round"? It can
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ๆƒณๅƒใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅ††ใ‚’ๆใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆ ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚‹ใใ‚‹ๅ›žใฃใŸใ€ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็‰นๅฎšใฎไฝๆ‰€ใ‚’
02:00
be physically, that you were driving round and round the area because you couldn't find
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่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใŸใ‚ใซใใฎๅœฐๅŸŸใ‚’ใใ‚‹ใใ‚‹ๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎใฏ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใซๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
02:06
a certain address, or it can mean that you're going round and round in a discussion, and
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ใ€‚ใพใŸใฏ ใ€่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚’ใใ‚‹ใใ‚‹ๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใฆ
02:13
the discussion isn't getting anywhere, it's not leading to any conclusion. So it can be
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ใ€่ญฐ่ซ–ใŒใฉใ“ใซใ‚‚้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ต่ซ–ใซใฏ่‡ณใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
02:18
physically or mentally, that you're going round and round, okay?
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่บซไฝ“็š„ใพใŸใฏ็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใซใ€ ใใ‚‹ใใ‚‹ๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚
02:23
Next one, "He went on and on." Now, "on and on" means without stopping. It means talking
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ๆฌกใฏใ€Œๅฝผใฏไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œon and onใ€ใฏๆญขใพใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ้•ทใ€…ใจ่ฉฑใ™ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
02:31
at length. "The professor went on and on lecturing us about the benefits of finishing our education."
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใฎๆ•™ๆŽˆใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎๆ•™่‚ฒใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎๅˆฉ็‚นใซใคใ„ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใซไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่ฌ›็พฉใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
02:40
All right? So when we say that somebody went on and on, we're kind of saying that he talked
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ ใŒไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅฝผใŒ่ฉฑใ—
02:46
too long, or she talked too long. "He went on for a long time." Okay?
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ใ™ใŽใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฝผๅฅณใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใ™ใŽใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ้•ทใ„้–“็ถšใ‘ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:52
Next one we had already mentioned, "again and again", it means repeatedly. The next
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ™ใงใซ่ฟฐในใŸใ€Œ ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ใ€ใฏใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌก
02:58
one is "little by little", okay? Gradually. "Little by little" means that gradually you
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ใฏใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ใšใคใ€ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ๅพใ€…ใซใ€‚ ใ€ŒLittle by littleใ€ใฏใ€ๅพใ€…ใซ
03:07
came to understand something. So, for example, you could say, "I improved my English little
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ใšใคไธŠ้”ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
03:14
by little." Or, "The plants grew little by little, and eventually, I had a beautiful
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๆค็‰ฉใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ใšใคๆˆ้•ทใ— ใ€ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„
03:20
garden." So it means gradually. All right?
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ๅบญใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅพใ€…ใซใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:25
Next expression, "all in all". So what does that mean? "All in all" means that when you
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ๆฌกใฎ่กจ็พใฏใ€Œใ‚ชใƒผใƒซใ‚คใƒณใ‚ชใƒผใƒซใ€ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็ทใ˜ใฆใ€ใจใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใ‚’
03:31
consider everything, or when you take everything into account, you come to some conclusion.
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่€ƒๆ…ฎใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใพใŸใฏใ™ในใฆ ใ‚’่€ƒๆ…ฎใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ็ต่ซ–ใซ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:39
So, for example, "All in all, I think we should buy this house." What does that mean? It means
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใจใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅฎถใ‚’่ฒทใ†ในใใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ€ ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:47
after considering all of the different factors, you believe that you should buy that particular
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช่ฆๅ› ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๆคœ่จŽใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€ ใใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎๅฎถใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹
03:53
house, or sign that deal, or so on. Okay? Next example, "day after day". What does that
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ใ‹ใ€ใใฎๅฅ‘็ด„ใซ็ฝฒๅใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ใ€ŒๆฏŽๆ—ฅใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
04:02
one mean? Well, "day after day" means every day for a long time. So, for example, "Day
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ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œใƒ‡ใ‚คใƒปใ‚ขใƒ•ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒปใƒ‡ใ‚คใ€ใจ ใฏใ€้•ทใ„้–“ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ
04:10
after day, he worked to support his family." Okay? He worked hard to support his family.
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ๅฝผใฏๆฏŽๆ—ฅใ€ๅฎถๆ—ใ‚’้คŠใ†ใŸใ‚ใซๅƒใ„ใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅฝผใฏๅฎถๆ—ใ‚’้คŠใ†ใŸใ‚ใซไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅƒใ„ใŸใ€‚
04:17
When we say "day after day", we're trying to show that it goes on and on, and it happens
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็งใŸใกใŒใ€ŒๆฏŽๆ—ฅใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅปถใ€…ใจ็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŒๆฌกใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฌกใธใจ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใใ†ใจใ—ใฆ
04:24
one day after the other. Okay?
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ใ„ใพใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:28
Next one, "word for word". "Word for word" means exactly or precisely. "Can you tell
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ๆฌกใฏใ€Œไธ€ๅญ—ไธ€ๅฅใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œไธ€่จ€ไธ€ๅฅใ€ใจ ใฏใ€ๆญฃ็ขบใซใ€ๆญฃ็ขบใซใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
04:37
me word for word what she said?" Okay? So you want to know exactly what somebody said,
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ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ไธ€่จ€ไธ€ๅฅๆ•™ใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใ‹ใ€ๆญฃ็ขบใซไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™
04:44
or precisely what somebody said. So when we use this expression, when we want to do that,
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
04:50
we can say "word for word". Okay? So, here are eight identical pairs which you can use,
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ใ€Œไธ€่จ€ไธ€ๅฅใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅŒไธ€ใฎใƒšใ‚ขใ‚’ 8 ใค็คบใ—
04:57
and if you listen carefully now, you'll see that in many different contexts, English speakers
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใใจ ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–‡่„ˆใงใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบ
05:03
do use these identical pairs quite frequently. So, listen for them, and for you to start
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ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŒไธ€ใฎใƒšใ‚ขใ‚’ใ‹ใชใ‚Š้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
05:10
using them, the best way is try to find some opportunity today to use one of these expressions
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ใฎๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่กจ็พใฎ 1 ใคใ‚’ๆ›ธ้ขใพใŸใฏไผš่ฉฑใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆฉŸไผšใ‚’ไปŠๆ—ฅ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
05:17
in writing or in speaking. All right? And if you'd like to do a quiz on this or many
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ ใ“ใ‚ŒใพใŸใฏไป–ใฎๅคšใใฎๅด้ขใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
05:23
other aspects of English, please go to our website, www.engvid.com.
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็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:30
Thanks for watching.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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