Short Answers in English

220,410 views ใƒป 2011-07-28

Learn English with Rebecca


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, my name is Rebecca from engVid, and in today's lesson, we're going to learn how to
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏ engVid ใฎ Rebecca ใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏ
00:09
answer questions in English with a short answer, okay?
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ใ€็Ÿญใ„็ญ”ใˆใง่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
00:14
Now, of course, when somebody asks you something, you can always just answer "yes" or "no",
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ ่žใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใ‹ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒ
00:20
but usually in English, it's not polite to only say "yes" or "no".
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ใ€้€šๅธธใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง ใฏใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ ใ‘ใง็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:25
We usually say "a little bit more" just to sound more polite and to make it seem a little
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้€šๅธธใ€ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธๅฏงใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใ€ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใ†ใชใ‚Šๅฃฐใงใฏใชใใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ–‡ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™
00:30
bit more like a sentence rather than just a grunt.
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ใ€‚
00:33
A grunt is when we just say something quickly, all right?
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ใ†ใชใ‚Šๅฃฐ ใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใฐใ‚„ใ่จ€ใ†ใจใใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
00:38
So you don't want to do that.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:40
So let's look at how we can answer and also how to answer correctly in terms of the grammar,
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๆญฃใ—ใ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
00:46
all right?
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ใ€‚
00:47
So I've written some examples on the board in the present tense, in the past tense, and
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ใงใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฝขใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ€ใใ—ใฆ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใ„ใใค
00:52
also with the present perfect, all right?
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ใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’้ป’ๆฟใซๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:56
So let's look at this question.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:58
Do you play tennis, right?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ†ใƒ‹ใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:01
So the rule when we want to answer the question is we take the auxiliary, which in this case
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใŸใ„ใจใใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ ใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œdoใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ฃœๅŠฉ่ชžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
01:09
is "do".
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:10
Auxiliary is a word that's added to make it a question in this case, all right?
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎๅŠฉ่ฉžใฏ็–‘ๅ•ๆ–‡ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใคใ‘ใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:15
So "do" you play tennis, right?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ†ใƒ‹ใ‚นใ‚’ใ€Œใ—ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:17
When you ask the question, you don't usually just say "you play tennis".
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่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ ้€šๅธธใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ†ใƒ‹ใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:21
You can say that, but it's very informal.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้žๅ…ฌๅผใงใ™.
01:23
So usually we say, "Do you play tennis?"
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใŸใ„ใฆใ„ ใ€Œใƒ†ใƒ‹ใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:27
So the answer is really easy.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็ญ”ใˆใฏๅฎŸใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:29
You can just say, "Yes, I do."
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ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:32
So what are we doing?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:33
We're taking the auxiliary "do" and we're adding it to the answer.
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ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œdoใ€ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ญ”ใˆใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:39
So "Do you play tennis?"
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ†ใƒ‹ใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
01:40
"Yes, I do."
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"ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚"
01:42
Or "No, I don't."
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
01:44
Correct?
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„๏ผŸ
01:45
The mistake that students make is if you ask them, "Do you play tennis?"
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็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒ็Šฏใ™้–“้•ใ„ใฏ ใ€ใ€Œใƒ†ใƒ‹ใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:51
they might say, "Yes, I play."
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ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:54
Now that would be wrong in English.
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ไปŠใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:57
It's not right to say that.
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ใใ†่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ€Œใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
01:58
What you should say is, "Yes, I do" or "No, I don't" if the question started with "do".
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใ ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:04
So if somebody asks you, I'm asking you, for example, "Do you speak French?"
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:10
So what would your answer be?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:12
Hopefully you said either, "Yes, I do" or "No, I don't."
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ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:18
If I ask you, "Do you like pizza?"
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ใ€Œใƒ”ใ‚ถใฏๅฅฝใ๏ผŸใ€ใจ่žใ„ใŸใ‚‰
02:22
you could say, "What?"
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ใ€Œไฝ•๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:23
"Yes, I do" or "No, I don't."
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ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€‚
02:27
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:28
Let's look at the past tense.
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้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:31
Same rule applies in the past tense, except here the auxiliary changed.
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ๅŒใ˜่ฆๅ‰‡ใŒ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใซใ‚‚้ฉ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ่ฃœๅŠฉ่ชžใŒๅค‰ๆ›ดใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:35
Because it's the past tense, simple past tense, we're using the word "did".
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถใ€ๅ˜็ด” ้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œdidใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:40
Correct?
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„๏ผŸ
02:41
"Did you finish your homework?"
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ใ€Œๅฎฟ้กŒใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
02:43
So same thing, right?
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ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:45
"Yes, I did."
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ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
02:46
"No, I didn't."
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ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
02:49
"Did you write to Mary?"
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ใ€Œใƒกใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใซๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
02:51
"Yes, I did" or "No, I didn't."
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ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚
02:55
"Did you pass the exam?"
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅˆๆ ผใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
02:59
Hopefully your answer is, "Yes, I did" or "No, I didn't."
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ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:05
Let's look now at the present perfect tense.
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
03:08
Same rule applies, you're going to do exactly the same thing, except here we're starting
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ๅŒใ˜ใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒ้ฉ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€Œhaveใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้™คใ„ใฆใ€ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™
03:13
with "have".
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ใ€‚
03:14
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
03:15
"Have you seen that movie?"
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ใ€Œใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
03:17
So you could answer, "Yes, I have" or "No, I haven't."
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ ใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:22
You see again, "have" comes into the answer.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใŒ็ญ”ใˆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:27
"Yes, I have" or "No, I haven't."
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ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€‚
03:30
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
03:31
If you ask someone, "Have you read that book?"
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ใ€Œใใฎๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ‚‰ใ€
03:35
You could say, "Yes, I have" or "No, I haven't."
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ใ€Œใฏใ„ ใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:40
"Have you visited Thailand?"
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ใ€Œใ‚ฟใ‚คใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
03:42
"Yes, I have" or "No, I haven't."
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ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€‚
03:47
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:48
So you can see it this way, how to make the short answers sound polite and also correct.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็Ÿญใ„็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ไธๅฏงใ‹ใคๆญฃ็ขบใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:54
Alright?
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ
03:55
If you'd like some more practice with this or any other aspect of English, we have many
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ“ใฎๅด้ขใพใŸใฏใใฎไป–ใฎๅด้ขใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
03:59
such videos on our website, which is www.engvid.com.
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ใ€ๅฝ“็คพใฎ Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ (www.engvid.com) ใซใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒๅคšๆ•ฐใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:06
Please feel free to go there, there are lots of other videos and there's also lots of quizzes
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ไป–ใซใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
04:11
on this as well as on many other aspects of English.
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บ ใ‚„่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไป–ใฎๅคšใใฎๅด้ขใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:15
Alright?
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ
04:16
So, thanks for watching and good luck with your English.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ† ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚่‹ฑ่ชžใง้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:18
Bye for now.
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ใพใŸใญใ€‚

Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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