Learn English Grammar: "to have" in the present tense

673,642 views ใƒป 2016-09-27

Learn English with Rebecca


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hi. I'm Rebecca from engVid. In the next few minutes you're going to master
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ engVid ใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎๆ•ฐๅˆ†
00:07
one of the most important verbs in the English language, and that's the verb "to have".
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ใงใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ 1 ใคใ‚’ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ€Œto haveใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:13
Now, not only is it one of the most important verbs because we use it so often for so many different things,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซ้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆ
00:20
it's also, unfortunately, a verb where a lot of students make mistakes, especially at a
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ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ1ใคใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใ“ใจใซ ใ€็‰นใซๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใงๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ™ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
00:26
basic level. And sometimes these basic mistakes can cause problems even down the road when
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ใพใ™. ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช้–“้•ใ„ ใฏใ€้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซๅˆฐ้”ใ—ใŸใจใใซๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
00:32
you reach advanced levels. So, whether you're a beginner student, or intermediate, or advanced
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ๅˆๅฟƒ่€…ใ€ไธญ็ดš่€…ใ€ไธŠ็ดš่€…ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ้–ขไฟ‚
00:37
- please watch and just make sure you know it; and if you're reviewing it, make sure
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ใชใใ€่ฆ–่ดใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
00:42
that you review it really, really well. Okay? So, here we go.
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ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ˆใใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใฏใ€ใฉใ†ใžใ€‚
00:47
So, with the verb "to have", one of the reasons it's so important is because we use it not
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œto haveใ€ใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใช็†็”ฑใฎ 1 ใคใฏ
00:53
only as a basic verb by itself, but we also use it as a helping verb. All right? When
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ใ€ใใ‚Œ่‡ชไฝ“ใ‚’ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ ใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:01
we use it as a basic verb by itself, we can use it to show possession; what somebody has,
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ใใ‚Œ่‡ชไฝ“ใ‚’ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
01:08
what somebody owns. For example, you could talk about an object that you have, a thing
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ใ‚‚ใฎใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่‡ชๅˆ† ใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™
01:14
that you have. You could say: "I have a car." You could talk about somebody's features,
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ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใฎ็‰นๅพดใ€่ณ‡่ณชใ€็‰นๅพดใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
01:20
or qualities, or characteristics. For example: "She has nice hair." Or you could talk about
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ใ€‚ ไพ‹๏ผš ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็ด ๆ•ตใช้ซชใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ
01:29
relationships that people have, for example: "They have children." Okay? You can also use
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ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใฏๅญไพ›ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใชใฉใ€ไบบใ€…ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:36
the verb "to have" to talk about actions, and we use this a lot. Like:
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ใ€Œto haveใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉž ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ่กŒๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹๏ผš
01:41
"I... I have a shower every day. I have dinner at 7 o'clock." Or: "He has a lot of meetings today." Right?
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ใ€Œ็งใฏโ€ฆๆฏŽๆ—ฅใ‚ทใƒฃใƒฏใƒผใ‚’ๆตดใณใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚7ๆ™‚ใซๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸใน ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€ŒๅฝผใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎไผš่ญฐใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ๅณ๏ผŸ
01:48
So, we use it in so many different ways. And, of course, as I said, we also use it in more
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃ
01:54
advanced ways as a helping verb in our perfect tenses. For example: "I have done my homework."
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ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎ่ฃœๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
02:02
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:03
So, let's begin understanding exactly how this simple verb is structured. All right.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ็†่งฃใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
02:11
So, I've divided the board into three sections: positive, negative, and questions. So, you'll
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ 3 ใคใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซๅˆ†ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ€ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ€่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
02:19
learn exactly how to use it in all three situations, and those are the only situations. Okay? So,
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 3 ใคใฎ็Šถๆณใ™ในใฆใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซๅญฆ็ฟ’ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:27
first: "I have", "You have", "We have", and "They have".
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ใพใšใ€ใ€ŒI haveใ€ใ€ใ€ŒYou haveใ€ใ€ ใ€ŒWe haveใ€ใ€ใ€ŒThey haveใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:35
With these four pronouns, we say: "have",
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 4 ใคใฎไปฃๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ "have" ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ‹•่ฉž
02:39
and that's our base form of the verb, and that's what we use here.
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ใฎๅŸบๆœฌๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:43
But where does it change, and where do most of the mistakes happen? They happen, here.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ“ใงๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ— ใ€้–“้•ใ„ใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฏใฉใ“ใง็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ“ใง่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:51
For: "he", "she", and "it", we don't say "have". We have to say: "has". "He has a car.",
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใ€
02:59
"She has a car.", "It has a camera." Okay? Your cellphone, for example. All right? So, make
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:08
sure that you remember this, because this part is very important. You will see that
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ใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชใฎใงใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
03:14
actually we don't have "has" in any other section of this entire structure, but we do
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ ใ€ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ๅ…จไฝ“ใฎไป–ใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใฏใ€Œhasใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›
03:22
have it here. Okay? I'll come back to it.
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ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่ฉฑใ‚’ๆˆปใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:25
Now, what happens when we make the sentence negative? So, instead of saying:
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
03:30
"I have a camera", you can say: "I don't have a camera."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใ‚’ ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:35
What is "don't"? "Don't" is short for "do not",
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ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใจใฏ๏ผŸ ใ€ŒDon'tใ€ ใฏใ€Œdo notใ€ใฎ็•ฅ
03:43
but when we're speaking, we just shorten it, we contract it, and it becomes "don't".
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ็Ÿญใใ— ใฆ็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€Œdon'tใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:49
"I don't have a camera, you don't have a camera, we don't have a camera, and they don't have a camera,
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ใ€Œ็งใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚็งใŸใกใ‚‚ใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใ‚’ ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใ‚’
03:55
so we're not going to take any pictures." Okay? All right. "Don't have".
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€‚
04:02
Now, what happens when we're saying: "he", "she", or "it"? Now, two things happen. First
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€2ใคใฎใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:08
of all, we have to use a different word, here. We don't say: "do not", we say:
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ใพใšใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™
04:19
"does not".
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ใ€‚
04:20
When we shorten it, it becomes: "He doesn't". And then you come back to the base form of
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็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŽŸๅฝขใซๆˆปใฃใฆใ€
04:28
the verb, so you say: "He doesn't have". Not: "He doesn't has", which is a mistake that
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ใ€ŒHe doesn't haveใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฆๅฎš: "He doesn't has"ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
04:34
many students make, but you're coming back to the base form of the verb. Look at all
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ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ็Šฏใ™้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ ใŒใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŽŸๅฝขใซๆˆปใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉž
04:40
the places where we see the base form of the verb. Okay?
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ใฎๅŽŸๅฝขใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:43
Here, here, here, here, here.
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ใ“ใ“ใ€ใ“ใ“ใ€ใ“ใ“ใ€ใ“ใ“ใ€ใ“ใ“ใ€‚
04:47
So, where do we not have the base form of the verb? Only with: "he", "she", and "it"
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ใงใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŽŸๅฝขใŒใชใ„ใฎใฏใฉใ“ ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ่‚ฏๅฎšๆ–‡ใฎใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใฎใฟ
04:53
in the positive sentence. Okay? So, let's come back: "He doesn't have a car.",
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใฏ ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ใ€
04:58
"She doesn't have a car.", and "It doesn't have a camera." Okay? That's the negative.
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใŒใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
05:04
Now, if you want to ask a question, then, again, we're going to use the words: "do"
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่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ "do" ใจ "does" ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
05:09
and "does". So, here: "Do I have...?", "Do you have...?", "Do we have...?",
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ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใง๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏ...ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ...ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏ...ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใ€
05:17
"Do they have...?" All right? And with: "he", "she", and "it", you have to use the word "does".
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ...ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€"he"ใ€ "she"ใ€"it" ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€"does" ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:25
"Does he have a camera?", "Does she have a cellphone?", "Does it have an air conditioner?"
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ขใ‚ณใƒณใฏไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€
05:31
Okay? The... The room. All right? So, what you also have to remember is when you ask
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใฎโ€ฆ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€
05:39
a question with a question word, like "who" or "what": "What do we have to do?" then you
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ใ€Œ่ชฐใŒใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‚’ใ€ใชใฉใฎ็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹?ใ€ ๆฌกใซใ€ใใ‚Œ
05:47
put that here. "What do we have...?", "Who do we have coming for dinner?",
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ใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใซ็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œๅค•้ฃŸใซ่ชฐใŒๆฅใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใ€
05:57
"When do we have to be there?" So whatever the question word is, you can put that at the start of
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใ„ใคใใ“ใซใ„ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹?ใ€ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็–‘ๅ•่ชžใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ ่ณชๅ•ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใซ็ฝฎใใ“ใจ
06:03
the question, but you still keep this same structure. So whatever you've learned here
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ใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ“ใฎๅŒใ˜ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ—ใพใ™ . ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจ
06:10
is true, even if you have a question word before. All right? "When do we have...?",
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ใฏใ™ในใฆใ€ๅ‰ใซ็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚็œŸๅฎŸใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใ„ใคโ€ฆ?ใ€ใ€
06:15
"Where do we have...?", "Who do we have...?", "How much do we have...?" All right?
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ใ€Œใฉใ“ใซโ€ฆ?ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่ชฐใŒโ€ฆ?ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘โ€ฆ?ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:20
So, you're still going to use the same structure. And the same thing here, except we're using "does":
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅผ•ใ็ถšใๅŒใ˜ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œdoesใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้™คใ‘ใฐใ€
06:27
"Does he have time?", "Does she have time?" Right? So... And: "Does it have...?" All right?
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ใ€ŒDoes he have time?ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒDoes she have time?ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใง...ใใ—ใฆ:ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏ...ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:36
So, this is your basic structure. It's a good idea if you can sort of, you know, write this
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅŸบๆœฌๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„่€ƒใˆใงใ™
06:41
down. Don't just look at it. Try to write it down yourself, get an idea of what's going
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ใ€‚ ใŸใ ่ฆ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใฟใฆใ€ไฝ•ใŒใฉใ“ใง่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๆŠŠๆกใ—ใฆ
06:47
where, so then your brain has something to kind of connect to, it has a structure to
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่„ณใซ ใฏๆŽฅ็ถšใ™ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆง‹้€ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
06:53
put this... All this information into. And then, of course, you have to do a lot of practice,
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ใพใ™... ใ“ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใซใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ€ๅฎŸ่ทต็š„ใช็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
06:59
practical practice.
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ใ€‚
07:01
Okay, so let's do that. For example, now:
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใใ†ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
07:05
"Your brother __________ a cool car."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใฏ __________ใ‹ใฃใ“ใ„ใ„่ปŠใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:09
First we'll make it positive, then we'll make it negative, and then we'll make it into a
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใ—ใ€ๆฌกใซ ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰
07:13
question. Because the way that you will know that you really understand this verb and can
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่ณชๅ•ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็†่งฃใ—ใ€
07:19
use it properly is if you can make a positive sentence, a negative sentence, and then make
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้ฉๅˆ‡ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€่‚ฏๅฎš ๆ–‡ใ€ๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็–‘ๅ•ๆ–‡ใซใ™ใ‚‹
07:25
it into a question. So, let's do that here. "Your brother has a cool car." Make it negative:
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ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŠ ๅ…„ใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ‹ใฃใ“ใ„ใ„่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:33
"Your brother"... Now, your brother is what? It's "he", right? So: "Your brother
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใ€โ€ฆใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใฏ ไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…„ๅผŸ
07:40
doesn't have a cool car." Or: "Does your brother have a cool car?" Okay?
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ใฏใ‹ใฃใ“ใ„ใ„่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€Œ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใฏใ‹ใฃใ“ใ„ใ„่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:48
Now, we're just making this for the sake of the examples, all right?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไพ‹ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
07:52
Next: "Mary __________ a new job."
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ๆฌก: ใ€Œใƒกใ‚ขใƒชใƒผ __________ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ€‚ใ€
07:54
Now, what do we say? "have" or "has"? Now, what's Mary? Mary is like "she", so: "Mary..."
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ ใƒกใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใฏ๏ผŸ ใƒกใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œใƒกใ‚ขใƒชใƒผ...ใ€
08:02
We can put that, here. Okay? Well, actually, you know what? I'm not going to put it here
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ใ“ใ“ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’็ฝฎใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใˆใˆใจใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:07
for now, because later when we change it, then it won't make sense. All right? But you
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ๅพŒใงๅค‰ๆ›ด ใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใชใใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ“ใ“ใซใฏๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
08:11
keep it in your mind and you say it aloud with me. All right? So:
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฟƒใซ็•™ใ‚ใฆใ€ ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅฃฐใซๅ‡บใ—ใฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผš
08:14
"Mary has a new job."
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ใ€Œใƒกใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
08:16
Correct? Make it negative:
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„๏ผŸ ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผš
08:19
"Mary doesn't have a new job." Make it a question:
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ใ€Œใƒกใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใซใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ€
08:25
"Does Mary have a new job?"
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ใ€Œใƒกใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใซใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ณชๅ•ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:29
Good. Okay?
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:31
Next: "The cat __________ a black tail."
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ๆฌก: ใ€Œ็Œซ __________ ้ป’ใ„ใ—ใฃใฝใ€
08:34
Now, what's the cat? Which of these pronouns describes the cat? It would be "it". So:
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ใ•ใฆใ€็Œซใฏ๏ผŸ ๆฌกใฎไปฃๅ่ฉžใฎใ†ใก ใ€็Œซใ‚’่กจใ™ไปฃๅ่ฉžใฏใฉใ‚Œ? ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผš
08:41
"The cat has a black tail." Make it negative: "The cat doesn't have a black tail." Make it a
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ใ€Œ็Œซใฏ้ป’ใ„ๅฐพใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผš ใ€Œ็Œซใซใฏ้ป’ใ„ๅฐปๅฐพใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
08:51
question: "Does the cat have a black tail?" Okay? Are you getting it? There's a kind of
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ใ€Œ็Œซใฎๅฐปๅฐพใฏ้ป’ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:59
rhythm to it, and if you start to say all three, you'll get into the rhythm of it. Because
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ใƒชใ‚บใƒ ๆ„ŸใŒใ‚ใฃใฆใ€3ใคใจใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ ใƒชใ‚บใƒ ใซใฎใฃใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
09:05
learning to use a language is not just, of course, about learning the grammar. Finally,
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่จ€่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใฏใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“. ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ
09:12
it's about remembering it, it's about your mouth remembering what to say, it's about
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ๅฃใŒไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ในใใ‹ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€
09:16
your brain knowing what to say, and your ears hearing that: "Yes, that's right" or
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่„ณใŒไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ในใใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ่€ณใŒใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏ
09:23
"No, that doesn't sound right." Okay? So there's a lot of things going on when you're using
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ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่žใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่จ€่ชž ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™
09:27
a new language.
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ใ€‚
09:29
Let's continue. Number four: "The children __________ their own rooms."
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็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ 4 ็•ช็›ฎ: ใ€Œ ๅญไพ›ใŸใก __________ ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
09:33
Now, what's the children? Which pronoun is that?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใฎไปฃๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:37
"They", okay? "The children
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅญไพ›
09:40
have their own rooms." Good. Make it negative:
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ใŸใกใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
09:46
"The children don't have their own rooms." Make it a question:
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ใ€Œๅญไพ›ใŸใกใซใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:53
"Do the children have their own rooms?" Good. Very nice.
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ใ€Œๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
10:00
Number five: "Mom and I __________ dinner at 7:00."
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5 ็•ช็›ฎ: ใ€Œๆฏใจ็งใฏ __________ 7:00 ใซๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ใจใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
10:03
Now, what's "mom and I"? That's like "we", good. "Mom and I have dinner at 7:00.",
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒžใƒžใจ็งใ€ใจใฏ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒžใƒžใจ็งใฏ7:00ใซๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใ€
10:13
"Mom and I don't have dinner at 7:00." Make it a question:
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ใ€Œใƒžใƒžใจ็งใฏ7:00ใซๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ€ ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†:
10:19
"Do mom and I have dinner at 7:00?"
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ใ€ŒใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใจ็งใฏ 7 ๆ™‚ใซๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€
10:21
I don't remember. Sometimes.
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่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚ ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€‚
10:24
Okay, number six: "My laptop __________ a big screen."
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6 ็•ช็›ฎ: ใ€Œ็งใฎใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใฏ __________ ๅคง็”ป้ขใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
10:28
What's my laptop, which one is that? That's like "it". Right? So:
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็งใฎใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹? ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผš
10:32
"My laptop has a big screen."
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ใ€Œ็งใฎใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใซใฏๅคง็”ป้ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
10:35
Okay. Make it negative: "My laptop doesn't have a big screen." Very good.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†: ใ€Œ็งใฎใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใซ ใฏๅคง็”ป้ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
10:43
We're coming back to the base form of the verb, and make it a question: "Does your laptop",
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŸบๆœฌๅฝขใซๆˆปใฃใฆใ€ ใ€ŒDoes your laptopใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ณชๅ•ใซใ—
10:49
shall we say. "Does your laptop have a big screen?" Okay? Very nice. Okay?
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒŽใƒผใƒˆใƒ‘ใ‚ฝใ‚ณใƒณใฏ ๅคง็”ป้ขใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ้žๅธธใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:55
So, you did these examples and that's great. Of course, you need to do lots of examples
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚น
11:00
so that it comes easily and correctly to you, without too much stress. Okay? You want it
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ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใšใซใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใ‹ใคๆญฃ็ขบใซ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅคšใใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œ
11:07
to be enjoyable. When you enjoy the language, then it's more fun, and you keep learning
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ใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ่จ€่ชžใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚€ใจใ€่จ€่ชž ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆฅฝใ—ใใชใ‚Šใ€
11:12
and you keep practicing and you feel good. All right? So, to practice some more,
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ๅญฆใณ็ถšใ‘ใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ—็ถšใ‘ใ€ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใซ
11:16
go to our website at www.engvid.com. That's one thing you can do. There, you can do a quiz on this.
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ใฏใ€ๅฝ“็คพใฎ Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ (www.engvid.com) ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎ1ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:25
And besides that, come up with some of your own examples. This verb "have" is so common,
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ใใ‚ŒใซๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œhaveใ€ใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„
11:31
it's really easy to come up with sentences of your own. So, wherever you are right now,
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ใงใ€็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ไป˜ใใฎใฏ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไปŠใฉใ“ใซใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€
11:35
look around, and just say some sentences. You could say, for example: "I have a desk.
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ๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅ›žใ—ใฆใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€ŒI have a desk.
11:43
I have a carpet. I have some paintings on the wall." Okay? And then take those sentences
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I have a carpet. I have some pictures on the wall.ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ
11:50
and make them negative, take those sentences and make them questions. Use different pronouns.
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ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใซใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’็–‘ๅ•ๆ–‡ใซ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไปฃๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:56
Say: "I have a desk. He has a desk." Okay? That's a really good exercise to do, too.
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ใ€Œ็งใซใฏๆœบใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผใซใฏๆœบใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„็ทด็ฟ’ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:03
"I have a desk. He has a desk. I have a carpet. She has a carpet." Okay? Because that's the
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ใ€Œ็งใซใฏๆœบใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผใซใฏๆœบใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚็งใซใฏใ‚ซใƒผใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใซใฏใ‚ซใƒผใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใŒ
12:09
basic change that you need to make, here. And the same way if it's a negative sentence
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ใ€ใ“ใ“ใง่กŒใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชๅค‰ๆ›ดใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚็–‘ๅ•ๆ–‡ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜
12:15
or if it's a question. All right?
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:17
You've done a really good job. I know there's a lot going on-okay?-when you're using these
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
12:23
sentences. You are connecting the words with the pronouns, and the verb, and the negative,
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ใ€‚ ๅ˜่ชž ใ‚’ไปฃๅ่ฉžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ๅฆๅฎš่ชž
12:29
and the positive. But take it one step at a time, take it systematically.
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ใ€่‚ฏๅฎš่ชžใจ็ตใณไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธ€ๅบฆใซไธ€ ๆญฉใšใคใ€ไฝ“็ณป็š„ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:34
If you get confused doing everything, don't do everything. Just do one thing, just do the positive. First,
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ใ™ในใฆใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใซๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใ‚’่กŒใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŸใ ไธ€ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€
12:42
just stay here, get those all right. Okay? You don't have to try to do everything and
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใฆใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
12:48
get confused. Just do a little bit really well. When you feel good and confident about
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ใ€‚ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ†ใพใใ‚„ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ‚Šใ€่‡ชไฟกใŒ
12:53
that, do the next part, and go forward one step at a time.
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ใคใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๆฌกใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ ไธ€ๆญฉใšใคๅ‰้€ฒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
12:57
In order to do that, you could also subscribe to my YouTube channel where I have lots of videos
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใซใฏใ€ ็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚
13:02
which I believe could help you along your way. Okay?
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ใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ“ใซใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใคใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:05
Thanks very much for watching, and all the best with your English.
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚่‹ฑ่ชžใง้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:08
Bye for now.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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