COVID-19: Talking about coronavirus in English – vocabulary & expressions

Today, I'm connecting to you from my home, and maybe you're watching or working from

Hoy me conecto contigo desde mi casa, y tal vez estás mirando o trabajando desde

your home during this time of the coronavirus.

tu hogar durante este tiempo del coronavirus

Wherever you are, I hope you and your family are all safe and well and yeah, this is a

Donde quiera que estés, espero que tú y tu familia estén bien y seguros y sí, esto es un

difficult, challenging time for all of us and we have a lot of information coming at

momento difícil y desafiante para todos nosotros y tenemos mucha información disponible

us, so much information, so fast that it can make us feel confused and worried and scared

tanta información, tan rápido que puede hacer que nos sentimos confundidos, preocupados y asustados

sometimes, right?

a veces, ¿verdad?

So, there's also a lot of new vocabulary, and old vocabulary that's being used in different

Por lo tanto, también hay un montón de vocabulario nuevo y vocabulario antiguo que se está utilizando de diferentes

ways, so I wanted to help you to understand this vocabulary in English and also to be

maneras, así que quería ayudarte a entender este vocabulario en inglés y también a ser

able to speak about it to your friends, your colleagues or even to medical staff if you

capaz de hablar sobre esto con tus amigos, colegas o incluso con el personal médico si usted

need to, alright?

si lo necesita, ¿de acuerdo?

So, this video is going to be a little bit different from our usual lesson, but I'm going

Entonces, este video va a ser un poco diferente de nuestra lección habitual, pero voy a

to try to give you a lot of information that I hope will help you, alright?

a tratar de darte mucha información que espero te ayude, ¿está bien?

So, first of all, just a few points.

Entonces, antes que nada, solo algunos puntos

As you know, I'm an English teacher, right?

Como sabes, soy profesora de inglés, ¿verdad?

I'm not a doctor and I'm teaching you English.

No soy doctora y te estoy enseñando inglés

I am not giving you any medical advice.

No te estoy dando ningún consejo médico

Second, when it comes to your health, it's so important that you communicate and listen,

Segundo, cuando se trata de tu salud, es tan importante que se comunique y escuche,

hear, understand in your own language as much as possible.

escucha, comprende en tu propio idioma tanto como sea posible

When it comes to your health, you want to be as clear as possible about the instructions

Cuando se trata de su salud, debe ser lo más claro posible sobre las instrucciones

that people give you, okay?

que la gente te da, ¿de acuerdo?

So, whenever possible, use your own native language for that purpose.

Entonces, siempre que sea posible, use su propio idioma nativo para ese propósito.

However, if you live, right now, in an English speaking country and you need to understand

Sin embargo, si vive, en este momento, en un país de habla inglesa y necesita comprender

what's being said around you about this virus by the medical authorities, by the media,

lo que dicen a su alrededor sobre este virus las autoridades médicas, los medios de comunicación,

then this video will definitely help you and also, if you just want to use this time to

entonces este video definitivamente te ayudará y también, si solo quieres usar este tiempo para

improve your English, to be able to understand more of what's being said, to be able to discuss

mejorar tu inglés, para poder entender más de lo que se dice, para poder discutir

this issue, the problems, the issues, the solutions, okay?

este problema, los problemas, los problemas, las soluciones, ¿de acuerdo?

Then, again, this lesson will give you many of the words and concepts that you need to

Luego, nuevamente, esta lección le dará muchas de las palabras y conceptos que necesita para

be able to do that, okay?

ser capaz de hacer eso, ¿de acuerdo?

So, let's get started.

Entonces empecemos.

So, first of all, let's start with the name of this illness.

Entonces, antes que nada, comencemos con el nombre de esta enfermedad

Officially now, it's called COVID-19.

Oficialmente ahora, se llama COVID-19.

That comes from the words "coronavirus disease 2019", alright?

Eso viene de las palabras "enfermedad por coronavirus 2019", ¿de acuerdo?

So, how do we say that somebody has the virus or this illness?

Entonces, ¿cómo decimos que alguien tiene el virus o esta enfermedad?

We can do it in a number of different ways.

Podemos hacerlo de diferentes maneras.

For example, you could say, "He has COVID-19", or, you could make it negative and say, "He

Por ejemplo, podría decir: "Tiene COVID-19", o podría hacerlo negativo y decir: "Él

doesn't have COVID-19".

no tiene COVID-19

Another way you could just say, "He has coronavirus", or "He doesn't have coronavirus", okay?

Otra forma de decir: "Tiene coronavirus" o "No tiene coronavirus", ¿de acuerdo?

They're using different terms for this illness.

Están usando diferentes términos para esta enfermedad.

They're saying "COVID-19", "coronavirus", "the coronavirus", "the new coronavirus" "the

Están diciendo "COVID-19", "coronavirus", "el coronavirus", "el nuevo coronavirus" el

novel coronavirus", "novel" just means "new", okay?

nuevo coronavirus "," novela "solo significa" nuevo ", ¿de acuerdo?

So, you might hear different expressions for this illness itself.

Por lo tanto, es posible que escuche diferentes expresiones para esta enfermedad en sí.

Another way you could say it is, as I said, "She has the coronavirus.", instead of just

Otra forma de decirlo es, como dije, "Ella tiene el coronavirus", en lugar de solo

saying "She has coronavirus".

diciendo "Ella tiene coronavirus".

Both ways are being used.

Ambas formas se están utilizando.

Or, "She doesn't have the coronavirus", alright?

O "Ella no tiene el coronavirus", ¿de acuerdo?

A little more formal way they often use and you might hear on the news is "They tested

Una forma un poco más formal que usan a menudo y es posible que escuchen en las noticias es "Sabían

positive for the coronavirus", or "They tested negative for COVID-19", so if somebody tested

positivo para el coronavirus ", o" resultaron negativos para COVID-19 ", por lo que si alguien prueba

positive, it means they have the virus, and if they tested negative, they don't have the

positivo, significa que tienen el virus, y si dieron negativo, no tienen el

virus, alright?

virus, ¿de acuerdo?

Let's go on from there.

Sigamos desde allí.

So, what are some of the symptoms that people might have if they have this illness?

So, what are some of the symptoms that people might have if they have this illness?

So, what does the word "symptoms" mean?

So, what does the word "symptoms" mean?

It means that you're showing some kind of physical or mental signs of this illness,

Significa que estás mostrando algún tipo de signos físicos o mentales de esta enfermedad,

and what are some of those common symptoms of the coronavirus?

¿Cuáles son algunos de esos síntomas comunes del coronavirus?

First one is a cough.

El primero es una tos.

What's a cough?

¿Qué es una tos?

Something like this [coughs], right?

Algo como esto [tos], ¿verdad?

You know that.

Tú lo sabes.

And you saw, of course, and you know because I'm sure you get this advice in your language

Y viste, por supuesto, y lo sabes porque estoy seguro de que recibes este consejo en tu idioma

that if you need to cough, or if someone is coughing, they should cough where?

que si necesita toser o si alguien está tosiendo, ¿dónde debe toser?

In the bend of their elbow, okay?

En la curva de su codo, ¿de acuerdo? Tosiendo, ¿dónde deberían toser?

This is your elbow, you should cough in here.

This is your elbow, you should cough in here.

Alright?

bien?

That's a cough.

Eso es tos.

How do we say that, how do we use that in a sentence?

¿Cómo decimos eso, cómo usamos eso en una oración?

He has a cough.

Él tiene una tos.

Another symptom, a cold.

Otro síntoma, un resfriado.

What's a cold?

¿Qué es un resfriado?

You know, when your nose is running and you're going [sniff] all day long, okay, or you take

Sabes, cuando tu nariz está goteando y vas a [olfatear] todo el día, está bien, o tomas

a tissue and you blow your nose, alright, then you would say: She has a cold.

un pañuelo y te suenas la nariz, de acuerdo, entonces dirías: tiene un resfriado.

Alright?

bien?

Another symptom: sneezing.

Otro síntoma: estornudos.

What does it mean to sneeze?

¿Qué significa estornudar?

I'll try to show you: achoo!

Trataré de mostrarte: ¡achoo!

Okay, again, into this part of your elbow.

Bien, de nuevo, en esta parte de tu codo.

He is sneezing, is how we would say that in a sentence.

Está estornudando, así es como diríamos eso en una oración.

Next is a fever.

Lo siguiente es fiebre.

What does it mean to have a fever?

¿Qué significa tener fiebre?

It means your feeling, you know, warm or hot, right?

Significa tu sentimiento, sabes, cálida/cálido o caliente, ¿verdad?

So, how would we say that?

So, how would we say that?

You would say: She has a fever.

Dirías: tiene fiebre.

He has a fever.

He has a fever.

And, what is - what are some of the other words connected to having a fever?

Y, ¿qué es, cuáles son algunas de las otras palabras relacionadas con tener fiebre?

Basically, having a temperature, okay?

Básicamente, tener una temperatura, ¿de acuerdo?

So, you could also say: He has a temperature.

Entonces, también se podría decir: tiene temperatura.

Temperature just measures the amount of heat in your body, right?

La temperatura solo mide la cantidad de calor en tu cuerpo, ¿verdad?

Or, if somebody - if you tell somebody that someone has a fever, probably the next question

O, si alguien, si le dice a alguien que alguien tiene fiebre, probablemente la siguiente pregunta

will be "What's his temperature?", or "What's her temperature?", or "What's your temperature?"

será "¿Cuál es su temperatura?", o "¿Cuál es su temperatura?" o "¿Cuál es su temperatura?"

right?

¿correcta/correcto?

So, we could say "His temperature is 39 degrees.", or "His temperature is 101 degrees", okay,

Entonces, podríamos decir "Su temperatura es de 39 grados" o "Su temperatura es de 101 grados", está bien,

there's different measurements, right?

Hay diferentes medidas, ¿verdad?

Celsius and Fahrenheit.

Celsius y Fahrenheit.

Another symptom is a body ache.

Otro síntoma es un dolor corporal.

What does it mean to ache?

¿Qué significa dolor?

It means to hurt, right, your body feels sore, so the other way you could say that in a sentence

Significa lastimar, bien, tu cuerpo se siente adolorido, así que de otra manera podrías decir eso en una oración

is "Her body hurts", okay, if you're describing to someone else what's happening to someone.

es "Le duele el cuerpo", está bien, si le estás describiendo a otra persona lo que le está sucediendo a alguien.

A person might also feel fatigue.

Una persona también puede sentir fatiga.

Fatigue just means very, very tired, okay?

La fatiga solo significa muy, muy cansada/cansado, ¿de acuerdo?

A lot of exhaustion, a lot of tiredness, and the way we would use that in a sentence, really,

is just to say or to convey this meaning is to say, "He's very tired", alright, or "He's

es solo decir o transmitir este significado es decir, "Está muy cansado", está bien, o "Está

feeling very tired".

sentirse muy cansado ".

Also, you might - the person might experience difficulty breathing.

Además, es posible que la persona experimente dificultades para respirar.

What does it mean to breathe, okay?

¿Qué significa respirar, está bien?

To breathe is like this.

Respirar es así.

Of course, you don't have to close your eyes like I just did, you can just --. Okay?

Por supuesto, no tienes que cerrar los ojos como acabo de hacer, puedes simplemente ... ¿Bueno?

This is breathing.

Esto es respirar

So, if somebody's finding it hard to breathe, you could say, "It's hard for her to breathe."

So, if somebody's finding it hard to breathe, you could say, "It's hard for her to breathe."

Alright?

¿Bien?

So, those are the symptoms.

Entonces, esos son los síntomas.

Now, let's look at some more advanced words, some more advanced nouns that are being used

Ahora, veamos algunas palabras más avanzadas, algunos sustantivos más avanzados que se están utilizando

about this subject.

sobre este tema

So, three very common advanced words that are being used are the words "outbreak", "epidemic",

Entonces, tres palabras avanzadas muy comunes que se están usando son las palabras "brote", "epidemia",

and "pandemic".

y "pandemia".

So, think of is this way, first of all.

Entonces, piense de esta manera, en primer lugar.

An outbreak is like this, an epidemic is like this, and a pandemic is like that, alright?

Un brote es así, una epidemia es así y una pandemia es así, ¿de acuerdo?

So, an outbreak is when something happens suddenly, so a lot of people are affected.

Entonces, un brote es cuando algo sucede de repente, por lo que muchas personas se ven afectadas.

In this case, how were those people affected?

En este caso, ¿cómo se vieron afectadas esas personas?

They got a disease, okay?

Ellas/Ellos tienen una enfermedad, ¿de acuerdo?

So, there was an outbreak in Wuhan, China.

Entonces, hubo un brote en Wuhan, China.

Next, when the outbreak spread to more people or other areas, it became an epidemic.

Luego, cuando el brote se extendió a más personas u otras áreas, se convirtió en una epidemia.

Then, the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic.

Luego, la OMS declaró a COVID-19 una pandemia.

The WHO stands for World Health Organization, alright?

La OMS significa Organización Mundial de la Salud, ¿de acuerdo?

And they declared, they said, that now, this disease has become a pandemic.

Y declararon, dijeron, que ahora, esta enfermedad se ha convertido en una pandemia.

So, that means the epidemic now spread to an even larger area, maybe even all over the

Entonces, eso significa que la epidemia ahora se extendió a un área aún más grande, tal vez incluso en todo el

world and became a pandemic.

mundo y se convirtió en una pandemia.

So, another word that you might hear a lot is that the health authorities took various

Entonces, otra palabra que quizás escuche mucho es que las autoridades de salud tomaron varias

measures to deal with this situation.

medidas para hacer frente a esta situación.

So, measures here is just, like, actions or steps, alright, that they took in order to

Entonces, las medidas aquí son solo acciones o pasos, bien, que tomaron para

try to control this problem.

Intenta controlar este problema.

Another word is transmission.

Otra palabra es transmisión.

They wanted to limit the transmission of the virus.

Querían limitar la transmisión del virus.

So, transmission just means the spread of the virus, the passing on of the virus to

Entonces, la transmisión solo significa la propagación del virus, la transmisión del virus a

other people, to more people, okay?

otras personas, a más personas, ¿de acuerdo?

Transmission, alright.

Transmisión, bien.

Let's continue.

Continuemos.

Isolation.

Aislamiento.

So, a lot of people are being asked to go into isolation if they have the virus.

Por lo tanto, a muchas personas se les pide que se aíslen si tienen el virus.

So, isolation means that somebody has to be alone.

Entonces, el aislamiento significa que alguien tiene que estar solo.

They have to be away from everybody else for health reasons.

Tienen que estar lejos de todos los demás por razones de salud.

So, people who have the coronavirus must be in isolation.

Sí, las personas que tienen el coronavirus deben estar aisladas.

They must be away from everybody else.

Ellas/Ellos deben estar lejos de todas las demás.

Another word that's being used, which is similar in meaning but a little bit different is the

Otra palabra que se está utilizando, que tiene un significado similar pero un poco diferente es el

word quarantine.

palabra cuarentena

So, people who are - who might have the coronavirus are asked to be in quarantine.

Entonces, a las personas que están, que podrían tener el coronavirus, se les pide que estén en cuarentena.

So, here also, they're being asked to stay away from other people because maybe there's

Entonces, aquí también, se les pide que se mantengan alejados de otras personas porque tal vez hay

a chance that they have the virus.

una posibilidad de que tengan el virus.

For example, suppose somebody went on a flight and then they found out that somebody on the

Por ejemplo, supongamos que alguien se fue en un vuelo y luego descubrieron que alguien en el

flight had this virus.

El vuelo tenía este virus.

So then everybody else who flew on that particular flight might be asked to go into self-quarantine,

Entonces, a todos los que volaron en ese vuelo en particular se les puede pedir que se pongan en cuarentena,

just in case they are infected by this virus, okay?

Solo en caso de que estén infectadas/infectados por este virus, ¿de acuerdo?

So, you'll also hear these kinds of words.

Entonces, también escuchará este tipo de palabras.

You should self-isolate, you should self-quarantine.

Debes aislarte a ti mismo, debes poner en cuarentena a ti mismo.

That means you do it to yourself, by yourself.

Eso significa que te lo haces a ti mismo, solo.

Okay.

Okay.

Another word is lockdown.

Otra palabra es bloqueo.

A lot of cities and countries right now are either in lockdown or under lockdown or on

Muchas ciudades y países en este momento están bloqueados o bajo bloqueo o en

lockdown.

cierre de emergencia

We use different prepositions there.

Usamos diferentes preposiciones allí.

What does that mean?

Qué significa eso?

You probably do know because it might be happening where you are, or somewhere else that you've

Probablemente lo sepas porque podría estar sucediendo donde estás o en otro lugar

read about.

leer acerca de.

It means that people are not allowed to go where they want.

Significa que a las personas no se les permite ir a donde quieran.

Schools, shops, offices, businesses, restaurants, movie theatres, and lots of other places are

Escuelas, tiendas, oficinas, negocios, restaurantes, cines y muchos otros lugares son

shut down, okay?

apaga, ok?

Also, maybe travel is restricted.

Además, tal vez el viaje está restringido.

There are many different aspects to a lockdown.

Hay muchos aspectos diferentes para un bloqueo.

A word - a kind of technical word that's being used but a very important word, expression

Una palabra: un tipo de palabra técnica que se usa pero una palabra muy importante, expresión

is really community spread, or community transmission.

es realmente propagación comunitaria, o transmisión comunitaria.

So, this happens when a disease spreads in the community, but the health authorities

Entonces, esto sucede cuando una enfermedad se propaga en la comunidad, pero las autoridades sanitarias

don't know how people got that disease, okay?

No sé cómo la gente contrajo esa enfermedad, ¿de acuerdo?

And they're very concerned about community spread.

Y están muy preocupados por la propagación de la comunidad.

The next word I know you probably do know for sure, face mask, right?

La siguiente palabra que sé es que probablemente lo sé con seguridad, mascarilla, ¿verdad?

The white mask that people are wearing, many people are wearing, face masks.

La máscara blanca que usa la gente, muchas personas usan, máscaras faciales.

Alright.

Bien.

So, those were many of the nouns that we hear - we're hearing today on the news.

Entonces, esos fueron muchos de los sustantivos que escuchamos: hoy escuchamos las noticias.

Now, let's look at some of the verbs, okay?

Ahora, veamos algunos de los verbos, ¿de acuerdo?

To declare a pandemic.

Para declarar una pandemia.

What does that mean?

Qué significa eso?

We talked about it, the WHO declared a pandemic.

Lo hablamos, la OMS declaró una pandemia.

That means that they said or they announced something officially and publicly, alright?

Eso significa que dijeron o anunciaron algo oficial y públicamente, ¿de acuerdo?

Another verb, to ban, to ban large gatherings.

Otro verbo, prohibir, prohibir grandes reuniones.

What does it mean, to ban?

¿Qué significa prohibir?

It means to not allow something.

Significa no permitir algo.

For example, many things are being banned.

Por ejemplo, muchas cosas están siendo prohibidas.

Large gatherings, many people are not allowed to come together in one place.

Grandes reuniones, muchas personas no pueden reunirse en un solo lugar

There's a limit on how many people can be together at one time.

Hay un límite sobre cuántas personas pueden estar juntas al mismo tiempo.

So, large gatherings are banned or, in many countries today, international flights are

Entonces, las grandes reuniones están prohibidas o, en muchos países hoy en día, los vuelos internacionales son

also banned.

También prohibido.

International travelers are banned.

Los viajeros internacionales están prohibidos

Not allowed, okay?

No permitido, ¿vale?

Also, in many places, travel is being restricted, okay?

Además, en muchos lugares, los viajes están restringidos, ¿de acuerdo?

To restrict means what?

To restrict means what?

To limit it, okay?

Para limitarlo, ¿de acuerdo?

Not to stop it altogether, to ban means to stop it completely, but to restrict means

No detenerlo por completo, prohibirlo significa detenerlo por completo, sino restringirlo

to control it, to limit it, to limit travel, for example, to allow only some and not all

controlarlo, limitarlo, limitar el viaje, por ejemplo, permitir solo algunos y no todos

people, okay?

gente, ok?

So, some flights to come in, maybe.

Entonces, algunos vuelos para entrar, tal vez.

To restrict something.

Para restringir algo.

What's also happening nowadays is that many countries are sealing their borders.

Lo que también está sucediendo hoy en día es que muchos países están sellando sus fronteras.

To seal, to seal means to close completely, okay, to close the borders, and the border

Sellar, sellar significa cerrar completamente, está bien, cerrar los bordes y el borde

is what?

¿qué es?

It's like the line that divides different countries.

Es como la línea que divide a diferentes países.

So, many countries are closing or sealing their borders.

Entonces, muchos países están cerrando o sellando sus fronteras.

We're being asked also to avoid contact with others.

También se nos pide que evitemos el contacto con otros.

To avoid something means to try not to do that.

Evitar algo significa intentar no hacer eso.

So, when they say avoid contact, right, touching, contact with other people, in order to keep

Entonces, cuando dicen evitar contacto, derecho, tocar, contacto con otras personas, para mantener

yourself safe and to keep other people safe.

mantenerse a salvo y mantener a salvo a otras personas.

Let's look at some more verbs here.

Veamos algunos verbos más aquí.

Many people are stocking up on groceries, on food, on toilet paper.

Muchas personas se están abasteciendo de víveres, alimentos, papel higiénico.

So, what does it mean to stock up?

Entonces, ¿qué significa abastecerse?

When people stock up, they're getting a lot of something to use in the future, alright?

Cuando las personas se abastecen, obtienen mucho para usar en el futuro, ¿de acuerdo?

Maybe normally they don't buy that much, but now they're buying a little bit more, they're

Tal vez normalmente no compran tanto, pero ahora están comprando un poco más, están

stocking up for the future.

abastecerse para el futuro.

That's okay and that's a little bit natural and normal and it's going on everywhere.

Eso está bien y es un poco natural y normal y está sucediendo en todas partes.

What's not okay is the next word, to hoard goods.

Lo que no está bien es la siguiente palabra, atesorar bienes.

To hoard means to buy much, much more than you need and that is not looked at in a positive

Acumular significa comprar mucho, mucho más de lo que necesita y eso no se considera positivo

way, because if you hoard food or groceries or toilet paper, then you have more than you

manera, porque si acumula alimentos o comestibles o papel higiénico, entonces tiene más de lo que usted

need, but maybe other people don't have anything.

necesidad, pero tal vez otras personas no tienen nada.

Okay?

okay

So, stocking up is okay, hoarding is usually looked at in a more negative way.

Entonces, abastecerse está bien, el acaparamiento generalmente se mira de una manera más negativa.

What's also happening is that a lot of non-essential businesses are being shut.

Lo que también está sucediendo es que muchos negocios no esenciales están siendo cerrados.

To shut a business means what?

¿Cerrar un negocio significa qué?

To close it.

Para cerrarlo

Just like you shut the door, you can close the door, you can shut a lot of non-essential

Al igual que cierra la puerta, puede cerrar la puerta, puede cerrar muchas cosas no esenciales

businesses.

empresas

What does that mean?

Qué significa eso?

An essential business is something that's absolutely necessary, okay?

Un negocio esencial es algo absolutamente necesario, ¿de acuerdo?

So, right now, supermarkets are still open, many gas stations are open, okay?

Entonces, en este momento, los supermercados todavía están abiertos, muchas estaciones de servicio están abiertas, ¿de acuerdo?

Because they're considered essential and necessary, otherwise where would you go to buy your food,

Porque se consideran esenciales y necesarios, de lo contrario, ¿a dónde irías para comprar tu comida,

okay?

okay?

But non-essential means what is not absolutely necessary.

Pero no esencial significa lo que no es absolutamente necesario.

So, many non-essential businesses are being shut.

Entonces, muchos negocios no esenciales están siendo cerrados.

Restaurants, bars, coffee shops, and so on.

Restaurantes, bares, cafeterías, etc.

Next, another verb, to cancel.

A continuación, otro verbo, cancelar.

Lots of things are being cancelled right now.

Muchas cosas están siendo canceladas en este momento.

Schools, schools are cancelled, universities are cancelled, conferences are cancelled,

Escuelas, escuelas canceladas, universidades canceladas, conferencias canceladas,

all kinds of things are being cancelled.

Se están cancelando todo tipo de cosas.

So, what does it means to cancel something, is to decide that something is not going to

Entonces, lo que significa cancelar algo es decidir que algo no va a

happen.

ocurrir

It's cancelled, alright?

Esta cancelada/canselado esta bien

The other word is to postpone.

La otra palabra es posponer.

Sometimes, something is not cancelled, but it's postponed.

A veces, algo no se cancela, pero se pospone.

So, to postpone something means to delay something, to plan to have it at a later date.

Entonces, posponer algo significa retrasar algo, planear tenerlo en una fecha posterior.

For example, just this morning, I heard that the Olympics have currently been postponed,

Por ejemplo, justo esta mañana, escuché que los Juegos Olímpicos se han pospuesto actualmente,

alright?

¿bien?

So, they're not cancelled, but they are postponed or delayed until later.

Por lo tanto, no se cancelan, pero se posponen o retrasan hasta más tarde.

Alright.

¿bien?

Also, please remember that some of the things that I'm telling you are true today.

Además, recuerde que algunas de las cosas que le estoy diciendo son ciertas hoy.

Maybe they're not going to be true tomorrow, but on the day when I'm doing this lesson

Tal vez no van a ser ciertas mañana, pero el día en que esté haciendo esta lección

for you, it's true.

para ti es verdad.

It may change just like so much is changing, alright?

Puede cambiar al igual que tanto está cambiando, ¿de acuerdo?

Another verb which you can use and which you will hear is to control, to control the spread

Otro verbo que puede usar y que escuchará es controlar, controlar la propagación

of the virus.

del virus.

So, to control the spread of the virus means what?

Entonces, ¿controlar la propagación del virus significa qué?

To limit, to limit the spread, okay?

Para limitar, para limitar la propagación, ¿de acuerdo?

Make it as little as possible.

Hazlo lo menos posible.

Another very simple - sorry, similar word but a little more advanced and formal is to

Otra palabra muy simple: perdón, similar pero un poco más avanzada y formal es

contain the transmission.

contener la transmisión

So, if I say to control the spread or to contain the transmission, it really means the same

Entonces, si digo controlar la propagación o contener la transmisión, realmente significa lo mismo

thing, it's just fancier English.

Lo que pasa es que es un inglés más elegante.

To contain in this case means to control or limit the spread, the transmission, of the

En este caso, contener significa controlar o limitar la propagación, la transmisión, de la

virus, alright?

virus, ¿de acuerdo?

Another verb which you can use is to develop symptoms.

Otro verbo que puedes usar es desarrollar síntomas.

To develop means to start to have symptoms.

Desarrollar significa comenzar a tener síntomas.

And what are symptoms, remember?

¿Y cuáles son los síntomas, recuerda?

We said symptoms are a sign, physical or mental sign of an illness.

Dijimos que los síntomas son un signo, un signo físico o mental de una enfermedad.

So, what happens when someone develops serious symptoms?

Entonces, ¿qué sucede cuando alguien desarrolla síntomas graves?

Usually, they test.

Por lo general, ellas/ellos prueban

To test the patient, or to test people, and that means simply to check if they have COVID-19,

Para evaluar al paciente, o para evaluar a las personas, y eso significa simplemente verificar si tienen COVID-19,

alright?

¿bien?

And one of the reasons we are asked to stay at home as much as possible is to protect

Y una de las razones por las que se nos pide que nos quedemos en casa lo máximo posible es para proteger

the vulnerable.

Las/los vulnerables.

So again, you understand all these words, okay, in your own language, because I'm sure

So again, you understand all these words, okay, in your own language, because I'm sure

you're getting the same news.

Estás recibiendo las mismas noticias.

All you're doing now is you're matching up the words you've been hearing in your language,

Todo lo que estás haciendo ahora es unir las palabras que has estado escuchando en tu idioma,

maybe, to the words, the same ideas in English, okay?

tal vez, a las palabras, las mismas ideas en inglés, ¿de acuerdo?

So, to protect the vulnerable means to keep safe people who are older, who are unwell

Por lo tanto, proteger a los vulnerables significa mantener a salvo a las personas mayores que no están bien

or ill, or who are just weak, they're not as healthy.

o enfermos, o que son simplemente débiles, no son tan saludables.

Vulnerable refers to this group of people, alright?

Vulnerable se refiere a este grupo de personas, ¿de acuerdo?

So, let's move on from there to a few more verbs.

Entonces, pasemos de allí a algunos verbos más.

So, you might hear people when they're speaking casually saying that I'm going to hunker down

Entonces, es posible que escuches a las personas que hablan casualmente diciendo que voy a agacharme

at home.

en casa.

What does that mean, to hunker down?

¿Qué significa eso, agacharse?

To hunker down, it kind of means to stay in a safe place for some time until something

Para acurrucarse, significa permanecer en un lugar seguro durante un tiempo hasta que algo

is over, or danger passes.

se acabó o pasa el peligro.

That's how they're using it right now, okay?

Así es como la usan/lo usan en este momento, ¿de acuerdo?

Well, I'm not going to go out.

Bueno, no voy a salir.

The health authorities are saying we should go home, we should stay at home, so I'm just

Las autoridades de salud dicen que deberíamos irnos a casa, deberíamos quedarnos en casa, así que solo estoy

going to hunker down and stay here for a long time or for some time until this is all over,

ir a agacharse y permanecer aquí por un largo tiempo o por un tiempo hasta que todo termine,

okay?

okay?

Why?

porqué?

They're asking us to do this to take care of our own health and also to protect the

Nos piden que hagamos esto para cuidar nuestra propia salud y también para proteger el

vulnerable and other people.

personas vulnerables y otras personas.

Another verb which we're hearing a lot of today is to livestream.

Otro verbo que escuchamos mucho hoy es transmitir en vivo.

To livestream a press conference.

Transmitir en vivo una conferencia de prensa.

So, what does it mean to livestream?

Entonces, ¿qué significa transmitir en vivo?

This is a general word, it's not just connected to the coronavirus, right?

Esta es una palabra general, no solo está conectada al coronavirus, ¿verdad?

So, to livestream means to show live on the internet through video and audio, something

Entonces, transmitir en vivo significa mostrar en vivo en Internet a través de video y audio, algo

that's happening somewhere, right?

eso está sucediendo en algún lado, ¿verdad?

Maybe somebody's giving a press conference, the health authorities are speaking.

Tal vez alguien está dando una conferencia de prensa, las autoridades de salud están hablando

The media is there, the cameras are there, and they're broadcasting it to you live so

Los medios están ahí, las cámaras están ahí y te lo transmiten en vivo.

you can watch it as it is happening.

puedes verlo mientras está sucediendo.

And now, this is an expression that a lot of the health experts use.

Y ahora, esta es una expresión que usan muchos expertos en salud.

They say to flatten the curve, and the idea here is that they're trying to prevent a lot

Dicen que aplanar la curva, y la idea aquí es que están tratando de evitar mucho

of people from getting sick at the same time, and to try and spread it out so that, instead

de personas que se enferman al mismo tiempo, y que intentan esparcirlo para que, en cambio

of, for example, 100 people getting sick at one time and then the hospitals are very busy,

de, por ejemplo, 100 personas se enferman a la vez y luego los hospitales están muy ocupados,

having, let's say, ten people getting sick over many days so that the hospitals are not

teniendo, digamos, diez personas que se enferman durante muchos días para que los hospitales no

as busy.

esten tan ocupados

So, the expression, to flatten the curve, refers to the graph that they show that if

Entonces, la expresión, para aplanar la curva, se refiere al gráfico que muestran que si

you're showing how many people are sick or ill at a particular time, the graph might

está mostrando cuántas personas están enfermas o enfermas en un momento determinado, el gráfico podría

look like this, and this is a curve.

Parece así, y esta es una curva.

So, if they want to flatten the curve, right, they want it to go down like this so that

Entonces, si quieren aplanar la curva, a la derecha, quieren que baje así para que

they can extend the time when people get sick and have more resources and hospitals and

pueden extender el tiempo cuando las personas se enferman y tienen más recursos y hospitales y

doctors and medicines and test kits available for more people.

médicos y medicinas y kits de prueba disponibles para más personas.

So, you might hear very often this expression, to flatten the curve, alright?

Entonces, es posible que escuches con mucha frecuencia esta expresión, para aplanar la curva, ¿de acuerdo?

Let's move on, okay?

Sigamos, ¿de acuerdo?

I know, so much vocabulary, right?

Lo sé, mucho vocabulario, ¿verdad?

But also, so much opportunity to learn this specific vocabulary which will be used in

Pero también, mucha oportunidad de aprender este vocabulario específico que se utilizará en

this context but also in other situations.

este contexto pero también en otras situaciones.

So, let's look at some adjectives now that are being used very often.

Entonces, veamos algunos adjetivos que ahora se usan con mucha frecuencia.

Contagious.

Contagiosa/cotagioso.

So, they may say the virus, the COVID virus, is contagious.

Entonces, pueden decir que el virus, el virus COVID, es contagioso.

This just means that it can pass easily or pass to others, alright?

Esto solo significa que puede pasar fácilmente o pasar a otros, ¿de acuerdo?

It's contagious, it can pass on to others, other people can get it.

Es contagioso, puede transmitirse a otros, otras personas pueden contraerlo.

Another adjective, confirmed.

Otro adjetivo, confirmado.

Confirmed means yes, for sure, for certain.

Confirmado significa que sí, seguro, seguro.

For example, she tested positive, it is a confirmed case.

Por ejemplo, ella dio positivo, es un caso confirmado.

That means they don't have any doubt, they're saying yes, it's right, it's confirmed, it's

Eso significa que no tienen ninguna duda, dicen que sí, está bien, está confirmado, es

true, it's a confirmed case.

Es cierto, es un caso confirmado.

Alright?

vale?

Next, we have a kind of pair of words.

A continuación, tenemos una especie de par de palabras.

One is symptomatic, the other one is asymptomatic.

One is symptomatic, the other one is asymptomatic.

So, this comes from the word which we learned in the beginning, right?

Entonces, esto viene de la palabra que aprendimos al principio, ¿verdad?

Symptom, symptom is what?

Síntoma, síntoma es qué?

Remember?

recuerdas?

A sign of an illness, physical or mental.

Un signo de una enfermedad, física o mental.

So, if you're - if someone, not you, if someone is symptomatic, it means they're showing some

Entonces, si eres, si alguien, no tú, si alguien es sintomático, significa que están mostrando algo

of the signs of the illness, okay?

de los signos de la enfermedad, ¿de acuerdo?

People are - people who show signs of illness are symptomatic, but people who don't show

Las personas son: las personas que muestran signos de enfermedad son sintomáticas, pero las personas que no muestran

any signs of the illness are asymptomatic.

Cualquier signo de la enfermedad es asintomática

That means they are not showing any signs of the illness.

Eso significa que no muestran signos de la enfermedad.

Alright.

bien

Another pair of words that are often used are mandatory and voluntary.

Otro par de palabras que se usan con frecuencia son obligatorias y voluntarias.

For example, it's mandatory for him to be in isolation.

Por ejemplo, es obligatorio para él estar aislado.

So, mandatory here means he has to be, he has no choice, okay?

Entonces, obligatorio aquí significa que tiene que serlo, no tiene otra opción, ¿de acuerdo?

He has to do it, he must do it, it's mandatory, alright?

He has to do it, he must do it, it's mandatory, alright?

The other word is voluntary.

La otra palabra es voluntaria.

When something is voluntary, you can choose, you can decide whether to do it or not, okay?

Cuando algo es voluntario, puedes elegir, puedes decidir si hacerlo o no, ¿de acuerdo?

For example, and again, this might not be true everywhere, it is voluntary to work from

Por ejemplo, y nuevamente, esto podría no ser cierto en todas partes, es voluntario trabajar desde

home, alright?

en casa, ¿de acuerdo?

In some cases, remember, right now, depending on your city, your country, it might not be

En algunos casos, recuerde, en este momento, dependiendo de su ciudad, su país, podría no ser

voluntary, but in some places, it might be voluntary to work from home, that means you

voluntario, pero en algunos lugares, puede ser voluntario trabajar desde casa, eso significa que

decide.

decidir

Another word is fatal.

otra palabra es fatal

So, if something is fatal, it means people can die from that.

Entonces, si algo es fatal, significa que las personas pueden morir por eso.

For example, COVID-19 can be fatal.

Por ejemplo, COVID-19 puede ser fatal.

It can kill people.

Puede matar gente.

They can die, alright?

Ellas/ellos pueden morir, esta bien?

That's what the word fatal means.

Eso es lo que significa la palabra fatal.

The noun of that is fatality.

El sustantivo de eso es fatalidad.

Another word we're hearing a lot at this time is unprecedented, and this means, well first,

Otra palabra que estamos escuchando mucho en este momento no tiene precedentes, y esto significa, bueno, primero,

let me give you a sentence with it, maybe you'll understand by yourself.

déjame darte una oración, tal vez lo entiendas por ti mismo.

All these events are unprecedented in my lifetime.

Todos estos eventos no tienen precedentes en mi vida.

So, what it means is that they have never happened before in my life.

Entonces, lo que significa es que nunca antes habían sucedido en mi vida

Alright?

vale?

When something is unprecedented, it has never happened before, okay?

Cuando algo no tiene precedentes, nunca ha sucedido antes, ¿de acuerdo?

Alright.

vale?

So, let's move from there now to some of the recommendations and suggestions that we're

Entonces, pasemos de allí ahora a algunas de las recomendaciones y sugerencias que estamos

hearing from the health authorities in different parts of the world to help us during this

escuchar a las autoridades de salud en diferentes partes del mundo para ayudarnos durante este

time.

tiempo

We're being asked to maintain social distancing.

Se nos pide que mantengamos el distanciamiento social.

Now, that has a lot of different meanings and I will go into it very soon, but it means

Ahora, eso tiene muchos significados diferentes y lo abordaré muy pronto, pero significa

to do many things or take various steps to basically stay away from other people, alright?

hacer muchas cosas o tomar varios pasos para mantenerse alejado de otras personas, ¿de acuerdo?

We'll look at that in a second.

Lo veremos en un segundo.

We're being asked to avoid contact with people who are sick or unwell.

Se nos pide que evitemos el contacto con personas enfermas o enfermas.

To avoid means to try not to do something, right?

Evitar significa tratar de no hacer algo, ¿verdad?

So, try not to have contact with people who are unwell.

Por lo tanto, trate de no tener contacto con personas que no están bien.

Stay away from people who are not well.

Manténgase alejado de las personas que no están bien.

Of course, we all know we're supposed to do what with our hands?

Of course, we all know we're supposed to do what with our hands?

You know, wash our hands frequently with soap and water.

Ya sabes, lávate las manos con frecuencia con agua y jabón.

Frequently means often, okay, not just a few times, many times, wash our hands with soap.

Con frecuencia significa a menudo, está bien, no solo unas pocas veces, muchas veces, lavarnos las manos con jabón.

And, if you don't have soap and you're outside, we're being asked to do what?

Y, si no tienes jabón y estás afuera, ¿se nos pide que hagamos qué?

Use something called hand sanitizer, it's a special liquid you can use to clean your

Use algo llamado desinfectante para manos, es un líquido especial que puede usar para limpiar su

hands, alright?

manos, ¿de acuerdo?

Next, we're talking about - we're also being told to avoid touching our face or mouth or

A continuación, hablamos: también se nos dice que evitemos tocar nuestra cara o boca o

nose or eyes, to prevent ourselves from getting sick, alright?

nariz u ojos, para evitar enfermarnos, ¿de acuerdo?

Trying not to do something.

Tratando de no hacer algo

Okay.

vale?

Another recommendation, we're being told again, we talked a little bit about this, to cough

Otra recomendación, nos dicen otra vez, hablamos un poco sobre esto, toser

or sneeze into a tissue, right, tissue paper, we can cough or, if we don't have a tissue

o estornudar en un pañuelo de papel, derecho, papel de seda, podemos toser o, si no tenemos un pañuelo

paper close to use, we can cough or sneeze into the bend of our elbow.

papel cerca del uso, podemos toser o estornudar en la curva de nuestro codo.

Also, we are told, do not visit vulnerable people.

Además, se nos dice que no visite a personas vulnerables.

You know now vulnerable people are the elderly, elderly is a nice way of saying old people,

Ya sabes que las personas vulnerables son los ancianos, los ancianos son una buena manera de decir que las personas mayores,

okay?

vale?

The elderly, people who are unwell or weak, alright?

Los ancianos, las personas que están enfermas o débiles, ¿de acuerdo?

So, those people we want to avoid visiting because it's easier for them to become sick

Entonces, esas personas que queremos evitar visitar porque les es más fácil enfermarse

than healthier people, okay?

que las personas más sanas, ¿de acuerdo?

And we're being told that we should, as much as possible, work from our home.

Y nos dicen que debemos, tanto como sea posible, trabajar desde nuestra casa.

Alright.

vale?

So, I told you I would talk a little bit more about the social distancing, so let's do that.

Entonces, te dije que hablaría un poco más sobre el distanciamiento social, así que hagámoslo.

So, what does that social distancing?

Entonces, ¿qué significa ese distanciamiento social?

Again, I'm sure you know in your own language.

Una vez más, estoy segura de que lo sabes en tu propio idioma.

Let's try to put an English take on it.

Tratemos de ponerle una versión inglesa.

So, it means do not get close to other people.

Por lo tanto, significa no acercarse a otras personas.

We're being asked to stay at least two meters or six feet away from other people, as much

Se nos pide que nos mantengamos al menos a dos metros o seis pies de distancia de otras personas, tanto

as possible.

como sea posible

Don't touch other people, don't visit other people, don't invite a lot of people to your

No toque a otras personas, no visite a otras personas, no invite a muchas personas a su

house or, really, anybody to your house, and don't go out socially, okay, don't go to restaurants,

casa o, en realidad, cualquiera a tu casa, y no salgas socialmente, está bien, no vayas a restaurantes,

don't go to clubs, don't go to crowded places.

no vayas a clubes, no vayas a lugares llenos de gente.

In any case, in many places, all of these places are currently closed, so you don't

En cualquier caso, en muchos lugares, todos estos lugares están actualmente cerrados, por lo que no

really have the options, but sometimes people are still going out to beaches and parks and

realmente tienen las opciones, pero a veces la gente todavía va a playas y parques y

if there are too many people there, then that is not a good thing according to the health

si hay demasiada gente allí, entonces eso no es bueno según la salud

authorities.

autoridades

So, we're being told to avoid, try our best not to, and stay away from large groups or

Por lo tanto, se nos dice que evitemos, hagamos nuestro mejor esfuerzo para no hacerlo y que nos mantengamos alejados de grupos grandes o

crowds, to avoid public transportation, because of course, buses and trains and subways can

multitudes, para evitar el transporte público, porque, por supuesto, los autobuses, trenes y trenes subterráneos pueden

be very crowded and we don't - we're not supposed to be in those situations, and in general,

estar muy lleno y no lo hacemos, se supone que no debemos estar en esas situaciones, y en general,

to avoid travelling, okay?

para evitar viajar, ¿de acuerdo?

Whether it's locally or internationally.

Ya sea local o internacionalmente.

Of course, you know that a lot of airlines have cancelled their flights, they're not

Por supuesto, usted sabe que muchas aerolíneas han cancelado sus vuelos, no están

flying to different countries, and a lot of countries have sealed their borders so anyway,

flying to different countries, and a lot of countries have sealed their borders so anyway,

the airlines cannot fly there.

Las aerolíneas no pueden volar allí.

Okay?

vale?

So, what are we being told to do?

Entonces, ¿qué se nos dice que hagamos?

We should stay home, work from home, keep in touch with other people by phone, by video,

Deberíamos quedarnos en casa, trabajar desde casa, mantenernos en contacto con otras personas por teléfono, por video,

okay?

vale?

Just because we're at home or maybe even unwell or isolated or in quarantine, it doesn't mean

El hecho de que estemos en casa o tal vez incluso mal o aislados o en cuarentena, no significa

you can't talk to other people on the phone or by video, and we should do that, you should

you can't talk to other people on the phone or by video, and we should do that, you should

do that.

haz eso.

Keep in touch with family, friends, colleagues, so you don't feel lonely.

Manténgase en contacto con familiares, amigos, colegas, para que no se sienta solo.

You might be alone, but you don't need to feel lonely or sad or bad, okay?

Puede que esté solo, pero no necesita sentirse solo, triste o mal, ¿de acuerdo?

Try to stay positive and happy, that's my suggestion, as much as possible, with all

respect to everything that's going on.

And why are they asking us to take these measures, or these actions, or these steps?

To reduce or lower the chances of catching the virus and reduce or lower the chances

of passing it on to other people, okay?

So, you want to avoid catching it and you want to avoid passing it on to anyone else.

Alright, let's look at some things that you might hear people saying, okay, these days.

They may be saying, oh, this situation is unprecedented.

You know what it means, right?

We talked about it; it means it's never happened before.

That's also why people are feeling really nervous and scared and confused.

It's a lot, it's so much happening, right?

They might be saying, oh, these are very unpredictable times.

Unpredictable means you cannot say what's going to happen tomorrow, alright?

There's a lot of uncertainty.

You can't be sure, you can't be certain, alright?

So, people are using these kind of sentences and expressions to talk about the situation.

People might be saying something like, you know what, I'm really concerned about my health.

I'm concerned about my family.

I'm concerned about my job.

So, what does it mean to be concerned about something?

To, like, be worried, okay?

To be a little bit worried about it, or very worried.

Many people, as you know, are losing their jobs or have lost their jobs or have been

laid off, so they may be really concerned about their finances also, their money.

Or, at a different level, people might say I'm concerned about the economy.

I'm concerned about the world.

So, the economy, of course, refers to any kind of activities that are related to trade

or industry or work that people do to make money, okay, within a country.

People might also be saying things like this: I hope the situation improves soon, or I hope

and pray that everything will be alright, okay?

People are expressing their views, their ideas, their feelings, their emotions in many different

ways, so these are some of the common expressions and sentences you may hear.

So, what can we do?

Let's try to stay calm, right?

Calm means don't panic, stay cool, okay?

Take it easy.

Stay as positive as you can.

It's good for you, it's good for your health, good for people around you if we try to stay

positive instead of being too, you know, stressed out, alright?

Try to stay positive.

Follow the advice of health experts and local authorities about what to do, and these rules

and regulations, another word for rules, are different in different parts of the world,

so pay attention to your local news always, and your national news, not just the international.

Make the most of our time, okay?

Let's do that.

Many of us feel like we're kind of stuck at home, but maybe it's - we can use this time

to do some things.

We can all use this time to do some things that we've always wanted to do.

Maybe you can work on your English.

Maybe you can learn something else that you've always wanted to learn.

Use your time in a positive way so that you can still feel that you're moving forward

in your life in some way, alright?

You're not stuck.

You might be at home, but you're not stuck.

That's your attitude, alright?

Let's take care of ourselves.

Let's take care of ourselves, first of all, alright?

Because you can't help somebody if you're not well, so take care of ourselves, our families,

and do things to help us all to relax.

Whatever that means for you, okay, maybe you like to meditate.

Maybe you like to do yoga, you could read a book, you could listen to music - peaceful

music, maybe, or whatever music makes you happy.

Watch movies, watch a show, okay, do some things to feel good.

So, keep your heart happy, keep your mind happy, right?

And let's be kind, be nice, be kind, be helpful to each other.

Let's take care of each other and help each other as much as we can through these difficult,

uncertain days, alright?

So, what could you say to others?

Suppose you're working somewhere and you're working from home, but you are in contact

with your colleagues, with your manager or other people, or even just family and other

friends.

So, some expressions that you can use at this time, at the end of a conversation usually,

is something like be well, stay healthy, stay strong, alright?

Simple expressions.

Be well, stay healthy, stay strong, okay?

And last of all, on behalf of all of us at www.engvid.com , I would just like to say

thank you for always caring about learning and growing and becoming better and better,

okay?

It means so much.

Significa mucho para mí

We're all fine here at www.engvid.com and we wish all of you the same.

Todos estamos bien aquí en www.engvid.com y les deseamos a todos lo mismo.

May you, your family, may you and your family stay safe, stay healthy, and stay strong.

Que usted, su familia, que usted y su familia se mantengan seguros, sanos y fuertes.

Thank you so much.

Muchas gracias.