Who or Whom? Learn English Grammar

181,412 views ใƒป 2018-08-05

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:07
Harry: This is getting boring Ron: We need to find the shield of disappointment, Harry
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ํ•ด๋ฆฌ: ์ ์  ์ง€๋ฃจํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋ก : ์‹ค๋ง์˜ ๋ฐฉํŒจ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ด, ํ•ด๋ฆฌ
00:10
Yeah, I hope we find it soon
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๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ฐพ์•˜์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์–ด
00:12
Yeah me too! I heard it's really good and I'm very excited!
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๊ทธ๋ž˜ ๋‚˜๋„! ์ •๋ง ์ข‹๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:15
Shhh! Keep your voice down! you know who might hear us!
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์‰ฟ! ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์„ธ์š”! ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์„์ง€ ์•Œ์ž–์•„!
00:20
Actually, it's you know whom
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”
00:23
No it's not, wait is it?
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ์ž ๊น๋งŒ ์š”?
00:25
"You-know-whom" "You-know-who"
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"You-know-whom" "You-know-who"
00:27
Look honestly no one cares
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์†”์งํžˆ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•„
00:29
No one cares
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•„
00:30
This is why no one wants to go on adventures with us
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:33
This!
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์ด๊ฒƒ!
00:34
You!
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๋„ˆ!
00:42
When is it who? and when is it whom?
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์–ธ์ œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์•ผ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ธ์ œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:45
Also, in 2018 who even uses whom really?
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๋˜ํ•œ 2018๋…„์—๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ who๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:50
Whom uses whom... it's a who or whom?
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Whom use who... it's who or who?
00:54
Remember to follow me on Instagram Twitter and Facebook: @Papateachme
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Instagram Twitter ๋ฐ Facebook์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ํŒ”๋กœ์šฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”: @Papateachme
00:58
or if you want to support the channel and help me make more videos
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๋˜๋Š” ์ฑ„๋„์„ ์ง€์› ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:01
You can do so by joining my Patreon page
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์ œ Patreon ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:04
where you will get regular PDF worksheets to improve your English
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์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ PDF ์›Œํฌ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
Okay before we specifically look at who
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ
01:11
and whom you need to know one very important thing
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์™€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:15
look at this sentence
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:18
in this sentence
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01:20
this is called the "subject"
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "์ฃผ์ œ"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ฃผ์ œ"๋Š”
01:24
the "subject" does the action
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01:26
in this case "love"
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์‚ฌ๋ž‘" "
01:28
"her" that's the "object"
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๊ทธ๋…€"๋Š” "๋Œ€์ƒ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
the object of a sentence receives the action
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์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฐ›์•„
01:34
so she receives the love
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:38
"subject" does the action "object" receives the action
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"์ฃผ์–ด" ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š” "๊ฐ์ฒด"๊ฐ€ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”์ง€
01:42
super easy right hmm yeah
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์—„์ฒญ ์‰ฝ์ฃ  ํ  ๋„ค
01:45
and you'll notice whether it's a subject pronoun or an object pronoun
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ธ์ง€ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”
01:49
it has a different form for example
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
01:52
let's reverse this
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:54
so the feminine "she" is a subject pronoun
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์—ฌ์„ฑ "she"๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ
01:58
and the feminine "her" is the object pronoun
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์ด๊ณ  ์—ฌ์„ฑ "her"๋Š” ๋ชฉ์  ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ
02:02
and the masculine "he" that's a subject and the masculine "him" is the object pronoun
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์ด๊ณ  ๋‚จ์„ฑ "he"๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์ด๊ณ  ๋‚จ์„ฑ "him"์€ ๋ชฉ์  ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ
02:07
who and whom work the same way
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who์™€ who work the same way
02:10
who and whom they're both pronouns
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who์™€ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ
02:13
"Who" is a subject pronoun
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"Who" is ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ
02:17
"Whom" is an object pronoun. We need an example
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"Whom"์€ ๋ชฉ์  ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”
02:24
so this question is it "who loves me?" or "whom loves me?" what do you think?
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ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ "๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” "๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
02:31
you see it's actually super easy
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02:34
we want to know who does the action
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ธฐ
02:38
so we need "who" not "whom"
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ"๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ต์„
02:42
we can test this by looking at the answer: "She loves me"
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๋ณด๊ณ  ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ต์ด ์ฃผ์ œ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
if the answer is a subject pronoun then you need "who" because "who" is the subject pronoun!
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" who"๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
02:54
"whom" is the object pronoun, but how do we use it?
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"whom"์€ ๊ฐ์ฒด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:00
okay this question: "Who do you love?" or should it be "Whom do you love?"
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์ข‹์•„์š” ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ: "๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด "๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
03:05
Well we know that he is doing the action
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
so he's the subject, right?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
03:11
we want to know who receives this action
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ด ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ธฐ
03:15
so actually...
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ...
03:17
That should be "whom" "Whom do you love?"
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ"์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
03:20
That's how we use it, it's that simple
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
So why is it so confusing?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ˜ผ๋ž€ ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์‹ค์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ๋Š”
03:25
it's because you would never hear this question in real life. That's why!
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ!
03:30
and the reason is that "whom" is becoming old-fashioned,
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ"๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์‹์ด ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
we don't use it really use it anymore
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
It's much more common to hear "Who do you love?" not "Whom"
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"๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Whom"์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:40
Basically basically, "who" is replacing "whom" in all situations
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ "who"๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ "whom"์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
In formal writing, yes when it's appropriate, when you need the object pronoun, sure use "whom"!
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ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ๊ธ€์—์„œ, ์ ์ ˆํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ "whom"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
03:53
but in all cases "who" is slowly replacing "whom"
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ"๊ฐ€ "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ"๋ฅผ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
another example
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ์ธ
04:02
"who did you invite?" we want to know "who received the invitation?"
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"๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
so actually that again is the object pronoun
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ that again์€ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ
04:10
but again you're not going to hear "whom did you invite to the party?"
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์€ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
in regular speech. No!
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ. ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”!
04:18
"Who did you invite?" that's much more common. That's what you'll hear
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"๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์–ด?" ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
04:22
and I recommend that that is what you say
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:27
of course there are annoying people who will always correct "who" to "whom"
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ"๋ฅผ "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ"๋กœ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์‹  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
in conversation it sounds annoying and it's rude. Let "whom" die
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์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ"๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ๊ฒŒ ๋†”๋‘์„ธ์š”
04:37
with one exception...
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...
04:39
two exceptions
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋Š”
04:40
I mentioned formal writing
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๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ๊ธ€์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:42
yes that's fine! The other one is this situation...
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๋„ค, ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ธ๋ฐ...
04:49
"Who are you talking to?" we already know that this one that's an object pronoun
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"๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ž‘ ํ†ตํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์•ผ?" ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ์ฒด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
04:55
so in theory should be "Whom are you talking to?"
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์ด๋ก ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
But that doesn't sound good!
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„!
05:01
oh I know it's because you never end a sentence with a preposition let's change that!
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์˜ค, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ž!
05:07
"To WHOM are you talking?" that...
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"๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
05:13
Why? it sounds very old-fashioned and very formal
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์ด์œ ?
05:17
if someone said that in conversation
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ
05:21
"To whom am I talking?" what century do you live in?
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"๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์•ผ? "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ตฌ์‹์ด๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜•์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ช‡ ์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:23
oh I'm sorry, in which century do you live?"
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์˜ค ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋Š ์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
05:27
So this might be grammatically correct but it's still just...
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ...
05:33
however honestly after a preposition
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์†”์งํžˆ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š”
05:36
that's when you're most likely to hear a "whom"
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ "whom"์„ ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ณ 
05:39
and when it's more acceptable for you to say "whom"
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๋” ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
because it just it flows better
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ๋” ์ข‹์•„์„œ who๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋งž๊ธด ํ•œ๋ฐ
05:46
okay but what about in a sentence where who or whom works as a relative pronoun?
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ who๋‚˜ who๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ? ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด
05:52
What the hell is a relative pronoun?!
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๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ์•ผ?!
05:55
Don't worry! I'll explain!
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๊ฑฑ์ •๋งˆ! ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ค„๊ฒŒ!
05:58
okay if I steal money from my friend
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์˜ค์ผ€์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚ธ ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ˆ์„ ํ›”์น˜๋ฉด
06:01
we've known each other for 10 years
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06:08
my friend very shocked we'll say two things
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๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
Aly is the guy who stole my money or
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Aly๋Š” ๋‚ด ๋ˆ์„ ํ›”์นœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ด๊ณ , Aly๋Š”
06:15
Aly, who I've known for ages, stole my money
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์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์ง€๋ƒˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
one of these is whom
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ
06:21
and one of these is who, but which one?
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์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
06:24
Aly is the guy who stole my money
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Aly๋Š” ๋‚ด ๋ˆ์„ ํ›”์นœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:26
this... it's all the subject. He stole my money
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.. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ด ๋ˆ์„ ํ›”์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
so because it's still the subject it's still who
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06:35
this one however we're adding more information in this relative clause here
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
06:41
who I've known for ages
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์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„
06:44
would we say "I've known he" or "I've known him"?
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"I've known he" ๋˜๋Š” "I've known him"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:49
Do we need the subject or object pronoun?
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๋ช…์‚ฌ?
06:52
of course we need the object pronoun so it would be I've known him for ages
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ I've known him for longy
06:59
this should be
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
07:01
"Aly, whom I've known for ages, stole my money"
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"์˜ค๋ž˜์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•Œ๋˜ Aly๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ๋ˆ์„ ํ›”์ณ๊ฐ”์–ด"๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ์ง€
07:06
of course I would never do that
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‚œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์•ˆํ• ๊ฑฐ์•ผ
07:08
I would only steal your heart
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๋„ˆ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ๋งŒ ํ›”์น ๊ฑฐ์•ผ
07:11
I'm not proud of that one
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I
07:13
okay if you still really want to use whom and remember in formal writing
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์‹์  ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
I would recommend you do still use it at the moment it's still good
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋Š”์ง€
07:22
here's a test to see if you've learned it properly
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ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
A guy comes home to his girlfriend with a kiss mark on his face
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๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋‹ค ๊ทธ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์— ํ‚ค์Šค๋งˆํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์—ฌ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ ์ง‘์—
07:32
Should it be "Who kissed you?" or "Whom kissed you?"
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"๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ํ‚ค์Šคํ–ˆ์–ด?" ๋˜๋Š” "๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ํ‚ค์Šค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
07:37
What do you think?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
07:38
How does the sentence make sense?
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
07:41
should we say "she kissed you" or "her kissed you"?
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"๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ํ‚ค์Šคํ–ˆ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” "๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ํ‚ค์Šคํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
07:46
well "her" that's an object pronoun and that doesn't sound good
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์Œ "her"๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ 
07:51
"She kissed you", that makes sense
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"She kissed you"์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "
07:54
"she" is the subject pronoun
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she"๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ "
07:57
so we need the subject "who"
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who"
08:01
"Who kissed you?"
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"Who kissed you?"๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
"who/whom did you buy this pizza for?"
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"๋ˆ„๊ตฌ/๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ์ƒ€์–ด์š”?"
08:07
What would he answer?
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:09
I love you I bought it for you!
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ด์š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ€์–ด์š”!
08:12
"for you!" We wanted to know THIS information
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"๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ!" ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๊ณ 
08:16
and this is an object pronoun
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€
08:19
that's what we wanted to know
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
08:21
so the question is "whom" not "who"
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ "๋ˆ„๊ฐ€"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ "๋ˆ„๊ฐ€"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
and yes of course we can say "for whom did you buy this pizza?" that's okay too
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๋ฌผ๋ก  "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ์ƒ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์„œ
08:36
so this is where it can get confusing in a passive sentence
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ
08:42
"who was invited?" or should it be "whom was invited?"
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"๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋Œ€๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด?" ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
08:47
Again it's actually very easy, think about the answer
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
"They were invited" "They" is a subject pronoun so "who was invited?"
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ดˆ๋Œ€๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" " ๊ทธ๋“ค"์€ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ "๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋Œ€๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹ต์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:58
remember if you're not sure think about the answer is that a subject or an object?
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์ธ์ง€ ๊ฐ์ฒด์ธ์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
09:03
then you'll know if you need "who" or "whom"
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด "who" ๋˜๋Š” "whom"์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
09:06
so in conclusion who and whom both pronouns
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ who ๋ฐ who ๋‘ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ
09:10
"who" is the subject pronoun "whom" is the object pronoun
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"who"๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ " whom"์€ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ "
09:14
"whom" is dying out and "who" is replacing "whom" in most situations
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whom"์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  "who"๊ฐ€ "๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. who"๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
09:20
personally I don't really use "whom"
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ• 
09:22
only in formal writing when I'm trying to be formal
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๋•Œ ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋‚˜
09:26
or after a preposition in a sentence in spoken English
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09:30
if I'm trying to sound formal or more intelligent
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๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ๋˜‘๋˜‘
09:33
but honestly it's a dying word
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—๋งŒ "whom"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:36
Don't worry about it and certainly don't correct someone who used "who"
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๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  "who"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ณ ์น˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
09:42
When grammatically they should have used whom it's annoying don't be that person
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ who๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ท€์ฐฎ์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
09:47
So try making your own sentences using who and whom in the comments
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์—์„œ who์™€ who๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
09:52
I'll give the best comments a heart and as always
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ํ•˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
09:55
Remember to like and subscribe Share the video with your friends, and follow me on social media
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์ข‹์•„์š”์™€ ๊ตฌ๋…์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” . ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  Twitter Instagram ๋ฐ Facebook์˜ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ํŒ”๋กœ์šฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”
10:00
on Twitter Instagram and Facebook: @Papateachme
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. @Papateachme
10:04
again if you want to support these videos you can sign up to my patreon page
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด patreon ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋กœ ์ด๋™
10:08
and receive regular PDF worksheets so you can really improve your English
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜ PDF ์›Œํฌ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ E๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. nglish
10:13
See you in the next class!
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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