TEST YOUR ENGLISH! Irregular Past Participles

651,111 views ใƒป 2017-10-21

Learn English with Gill


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hello. I'm Gill at www.engvid.com, and today's lesson is on irregular past tenses. Okay?
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ็งใฏ www.engvid.com ใฎ Gill ใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใช้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:12
And in particular: "Irregular Past Participles"-okay?-of irregular verbs. So, let me just show you
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็‰นใซ: ใ€Œไธ่ฆๅ‰‡้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ€ - ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹? - ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใ„
00:21
some examples to make it clearer what I mean. Okay.
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ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
00:27
So what we're doing, we're looking at three different tenses to show how the verb changes,
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็งใŸใกใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซ 3 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:35
so the present simple of the verb, then the past simple, and then when we use the present
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็พๅœจๅฝขใ€ ๆฌกใซๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ€ใใ—ใฆ็พๅœจ
00:43
perfect that's when you have to use the past participle. And what happens is sometimes
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ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ ้ŽๅŽป ๅˆ†่ฉžใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
00:52
it's the same for both the past simple and the present perfect, but with other verbs
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใจ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎไธกๆ–นใงๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไป–ใฎๅ‹•่ฉž
01:00
it's different. So I just have two examples here to show you, one verb where it's the
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ใงใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚1 ใคใฏ
01:08
same and one verb where it's different just to illustrate. And then in the second part
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ๅŒใ˜ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉž ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†
01:15
of the lesson we will have a list of two separate sets of verbs, and I will test you on your
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ใงใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ 2 ใคใฎๅˆฅๅ€‹ใฎใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’็”จๆ„ใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉž
01:25
knowledge of the past participles of those and they're listed under "same" and "different"
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ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ŒๅŒใ˜ใ€ใจใ€Œ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ€ใฎไธ‹ใซใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:34
just to clarify which ones stay the same, which ones are different. Okay. So let's have
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ใฉใ‚ŒใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใฉใ‚ŒใŒ้•ใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
01:41
a look at some examples, and then it should all become clearer.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใชใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
01:46
So, first of all, this is the present simple: "I catch a cold every winter." Every winter,
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ใพใšใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜็ด”ใช็พๅœจๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆฏŽๅนดๅ†ฌใซ้ขจ้‚ชใ‚’ใฒใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ๆฏŽๅนดๅ†ฌใซใชใ‚‹ใจ
01:57
achoo, I'm sneezing. Oh, terrible, every winter I catch a cold. So for something that happens
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ใใ—ใ‚ƒใฟใŒๅ‡บใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใฒใฉใ„ใ€ๆฏŽๅนดๅ†ฌ ใซ้ขจ้‚ชใ‚’ใฒใใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
02:05
regularly, that is one way that we use the present simple when something happens regularly.
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ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใจใใซ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ 1 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:13
Every, every winter I catch a cold, so the verb is "to catch", okay? So then if we put
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ๆฏŽๅนดใ€ๆฏŽๅนดๅ†ฌใซ้ขจ้‚ชใ‚’ใฒใใฎใงใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œto catchใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:24
it into the past tense, the past simple and we say: "Last month... I caught a cold last
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ€Œๅ…ˆๆœˆ... ็งใฏๅ…ˆๆœˆ้ขจ้‚ชใ‚’ใฒใ„ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™
02:35
month." Okay? So: "caught" is the irregular past simple form of the verb "to catch". "I
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œcaughtใ€ใฏ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œto catchใ€ใฎไธ่ฆๅ‰‡้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ง
02:47
caught a cold last month." I caught a cold last month, but I'm much better now. That
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ใฏๅ…ˆๆœˆ้ขจ้‚ชใ‚’ใฒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ๅ…ˆๆœˆ้ขจ้‚ชใ‚’ใฒใ„ใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€ไปŠใฏใ™ใฃใ‹ใ‚Š่‰ฏใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:57
sort of idea. Okay. So then the third example here is using the present perfect which involves
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ใใ†ใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹ ใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’
03:06
using this word: "have" as an auxiliary, as an extra verb. So: "I have caught another
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œhaveใ€ใ‚’ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ ใ€่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏใพใŸ
03:19
cold!" Oh dear, I only had a cold... I caught a cold last month, and now I have caught another
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้ขจ้‚ชใ‚’ใฒใ„ใŸ๏ผใ€ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฏ้ขจ้‚ชใ‚’ใฒใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ—ใŸ... ๅ…ˆๆœˆ้ขจ้‚ชใ‚’ใฒใ„ใฆใ€ไปŠใพใŸ
03:31
cold. That's one cold after another. So this is in the more recent past, the present perfect
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้ขจ้‚ชใ‚’ใฒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆฌกใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฌกใธใจ้ขจ้‚ชใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎ้ŽๅŽปใงใ‚ใ‚Š
03:39
using "have": "I have caught another cold." Meaning just recently. So you can see here
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ใ€"have" ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใ„ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“
03:51
that "caught" stays the same, it's the same. So it's an example where the past simple and
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ใงใ€ใ€Œcaughtใ€ใŒๅŒใ˜ใพใพใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝข
04:01
the present perfect stay the same, but let's have a look now at an example where there's
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ใจ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใŒๅŒใ˜ใพใพ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ไพ‹ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅค‰ๅŒ–ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ไพ‹ใจ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡
04:09
a change and where they're different. Okay?
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ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:14
So, back to the present simple again and the verb is "to write", which is an irregular
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅ†ใณๅ˜็ด”ใช็พๅœจใซๆˆปใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œๆ›ธใใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Š
04:20
verb, so: "I write to my cousin once a year." I have a cousin who is not on email, and it
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ใ€ใ€Œๅนดใซไธ€ๅบฆใ„ใจใ“ใซๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ๅพ“ๅ…„ๅผŸใŒใ„ใฆใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใจ
04:31
makes it rather inconvenient to keep in touch with her, so writing letters and putting them
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้€ฃ็ตกใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅˆใ†ใฎใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šไธไพฟใช ใฎใงใ€ๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„
04:40
in the post I find a terrible job these days. I'm so used to using email for everybody,
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ใŸใ‚Šใƒใ‚นใƒˆใซๆŠ•ๅ‡ฝใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฒใฉใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ็š†ใฎใŸใ‚ใซ้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟใ‚
04:50
but I have a cousin who's not on email and she will not have a computer. So I have to
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ใชใ„ใ„ใจใ“ ใŒใ„ใฆใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใซๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
04:59
write a letter to her. "I write to my cousin once a year." Okay? So, again, that's using
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏใ„ใจใ“ใซๅนดใซไธ€ๅบฆๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
05:08
the present simple for a regular action. Once a year is the regular action, I write. Okay,
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ใฏ้€šๅธธใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅนดใซ ไธ€ๅบฆใฏๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใช่กŒๅ‹•ใงใ™ใ€็งใฏๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏ
05:18
so then if we move to the past simple: "Last week... I wrote to my cousin last week." So
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไพ‹ใซ็งปใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œ ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€ใ„ใจใ“ใซๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
05:28
that's the past simple. So, the form there for the past simple is "wrote", from "write"
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ใŒๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใฎๅฝขใฏใ€Œwriteใ€
05:37
to "wrote", but then if we use the present perfect using the auxiliary "have": "Today...
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œwroteใ€ใธใจใ€Œwroteใ€ใงใ™ใŒใ€็พๅœจ ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’่ฃœๅŠฉ่ชžใ€Œhaveใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€ŒToday...
05:48
I have written to my cousin today." So recent past, it's a completed action. "I have written".
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I have written to my cousin today todayใ€ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ." ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎ ้ŽๅŽปใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸ่กŒๅ‹•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚
06:01
Thank goodness I've got that letter written and posted, and it's gone now, so that's a
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใŸใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€ใใฎๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ ใฆๆŠ•็จฟใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ไปŠใฏใชใใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง
06:07
job done for the year. So: "I have written", so you can see there that this form is not
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ใ€ไปŠๅนดใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™. ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ€ ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใŒๅŒใ˜ใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
06:17
the same. They're the same here: "I caught", "I have caught", but with "write": "I wrote",
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ™: "I catch", "I have catch", ใ—ใ‹ใ— "write" ใงใฏ: "I written",
06:25
"I have written to my cousin today." So you can see how past simple and present perfect
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"I have written to my Cousin today." ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใจ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ
06:34
with different verbs, sometimes they stay the same, other times they're different. Okay.
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ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅŒใ˜ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:44
So let's move on to the second part of the lesson, and we'll have a look at two lists
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซ็งปใ‚Š ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ 2 ใคใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ
06:49
of verbs, and I will test you on your knowledge of the past participles.
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:57
Okay, so let's have a look at these which are the verbs which stay the same in the past
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ใงใฏใ€ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใจ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:04
simple and the present perfect, and I will just write that form in, but just to give
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ใใฎๅฝขใ‚’ๆ›ธใ
07:11
you an opportunity first to think what it is. So: "to send", I send in the present.
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๆฉŸไผšใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ้€ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏใ€ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใง้€ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:21
"Yesterday I
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ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็งใŒ
07:27
sent", did you get that one? Okay, so: "Yesterday I sent", it's always
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้€ใฃใŸใ€ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใงใฏใ€ใ€ŒYesterday I sentใ€
07:35
useful to think of some words like: "Yesterday" or "Last week I" to help you to form the simple
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ใ€ใ€ŒYesterdayใ€ ใ‚„ใ€ŒLast week Iใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใŠใใจใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใช้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™
07:43
past tense. Okay.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:45
Right, so "make", the verb "to make". "Yesterday I
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใ€Œไฝœใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œไฝœใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅ
07:55
made", okay? So these are all irregular,
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ไฝœใฃใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ ใฏใ™ในใฆไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใช
07:59
so they're not going to be with "ed" on the end, they're going to be different. Sometimes
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ใฎใงใ€ๆœซๅฐพใซใ€Œedใ€ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ ใ€็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:07
it means that the consonant changes, like from "make", "k" to "d", "d" to "t", sometimes
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ใ€Œmakeใ€ใ€ใ€Œkใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œdใ€ใ€ใ€Œdใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œtใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅญ้ŸณใŒๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ
08:16
a vowel will change from one vowel letter to another.
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ใ€ๆฏ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ ๆฏ้Ÿณๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆฅใฎๆฏ้Ÿณๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:21
So, let's carry on: "I pay. I pay. Yesterday I
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏ็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€Œๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ
08:32
paid." So that changes from an "a" to an "i" and then with a "d" added. Okay?
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ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œaใ€ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œiใ€ใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œdใ€ใŒ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:42
Next one: "to say". "Today I say, yesterday I
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ๆฌกใฏใ€Œ่จ€ใ†ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅ็งใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็ง
08:53
said." So that's pronounced "said", not
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ใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ€Œ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€Œ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ—
08:56
"sayd". This is pronounced: "payd", but that's not pronounced "sayd". "Paid", "said", so
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œpaydใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œsaydใ€ใจใฏ็™บ้Ÿณใ— ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใฃใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ใชใฎใงใ€
09:05
there's a different pronunciation there. Okay, good.
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ใใ“ใฏ้•ใ†็™บ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:10
Next one: "to think". "Today I think, yesterday
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ๆฌกใฏใ€Œ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆ€ใ†ใ€
09:22
I..."That's a funny one, isn't it? "o-u-g-h-t"
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏโ€ฆใ€ ้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ใ€Œo-u-g-h-t
09:27
often appears in English words: "I thought", "I thought", "I think, I thought". And, of
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ใ€ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
09:36
course, with the present perfect you would say: "I have sent, I have made, I have paid,
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใฏ ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ้€ใฃใŸใ€็งใฏไฝœใฃใŸใ€็งใฏๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใฃใŸใ€
09:45
I have said, I have thought", so it stays the same in the present perfect. Okay?
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็งใฏ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€็งใฏๆ€ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใง ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:53
Let's carry on. "I stand". Today I stand here in front of a camera. "Yesterday I
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็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏ็ซ‹ใคใ€ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€็ง ใฏใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใฎๅ‰ใซ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€็ง
10:07
stood". Did you get that one? So, from "a" to double "o", and we lose the "n". "Stand", "stood",
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ใฏ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œaใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€Œoใ€ใ‚’ 2 ใคใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œnใ€ใŒๅคฑใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ซ‹ใคใ€ใ€Œ็ซ‹ใฃใŸ
10:17
and: "I have stood as well." Okay.
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ใ€ใ€Œ็งใ‚‚ ็ซ‹ใฃใŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
10:22
"Buy". "Today I buy some oranges, yesterday I
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"่ฒทใ†"ใ€‚ ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใฟใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆ ใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏ
10:30
bought", so it's a bit like "thought". "Thought",
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่ฒทใฃใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ€Œๆ€่€ƒใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ€ใฃใŸใ€
10:40
"bought". Okay?
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ใ€Œ่ฒทใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:42
Next one: "tell". "I tell... I tell my friends something today. Yesterday I
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ๆฌกใฏใ€Œๆ•™ใˆใฆใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™... ็งใฏ ไปŠๆ—ฅๅ‹้”ใซไฝ•ใ‹่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็ง
10:54
told". So the
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ใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
10:58
"e" changes to "o", two l's change to one "l", and we add a "d". "Tell", "told", and
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ใ€Œeใ€ใŒใ€Œoใ€ใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€2 ใคใฎ l ใŒ 1 ใคใฎ ใ€Œlใ€ใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œdใ€ใŒ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่จ€ใ†ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ใ€
11:05
also: "I have told". Just the same. Okay?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œ็งใฏ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚ ๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ใงใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:11
"Bring". "I bring. Yesterday I..."
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"ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ"ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใŒๆŒใฃใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็งใฏ...ใ€
11:22
Another one of those. "Brought". We have: "thought",
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚ "ๆŒใฃใฆใใ‚‹"ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่€ƒใˆใŸใ€ใ€
11:28
"bought", "brought". Okay?
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ใ€Œ่ฒทใฃใŸใ€ใ€ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใใŸใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:32
Right, next column: "lose". "I lose... I lose my keys all the time. Yesterday I
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ๅณใ€ๆฌกใฎๅˆ—: ใ€Œ่ฒ ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏๅคฑใ†... ็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้ตใ‚’ใชใใ™.
11:45
lost", and
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11:48
then: "I have lost. I have lost my keys again". "I lost", "I have lost", stays the same. Okay.
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ใ€Œ่ฒ ใ‘ใŸใ€ใ€Œ่ฒ ใ‘ใŸใ€ใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
11:57
"To have". "Today I have something. I have a bottle of water. Yesterday I
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"ๆŒใคใŸใ‚"ใ€‚ ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใ€็งใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚็ง ใฏๆฐดใฎใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็ง
12:12
had". And also,
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ใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€. ใพใŸ
12:15
with the present perfect: "I have had", "have had", so the verb "to have" appears twice
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ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใฏ "I have had"ใ€ "have had" ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ 2 ๅ›žๅ‡บใฆใ
12:24
like that. "I have", "I had", "I have had". Okay.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ— ใŸใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
12:31
"To sell". "Today I sell my car. Yesterday I...
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"ๅฃฒใ‚‹"ใ€‚ ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใ€็งใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ปŠใ‚’ๅฃฒใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€็งใฏ
12:43
I sold", and then a week later I might
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โ€ฆ ๅฃฒใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆไธ€ ้€ฑ้–“ๅพŒใ€็งใฏ
12:48
say to a friend: "I have sold my car." Okay?
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ๅ‹ไบบใซใ€Œ็งใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ปŠใ‚’ๅฃฒใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:53
"Meet". "Today I meet, yesterday I
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"ไผšใ†"ใ€‚ ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅ ไผšใฃใŸใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ
13:01
met". So, one "e" rather than two. "Yesterday I met
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ไผšใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œeใ€ใฏ 2 ใคใงใฏใชใ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็ง
13:08
somebody famous", and then I can say: "I have met that famous person. I have met", okay?
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ใฏๆœ‰ๅใชไบบใซไผšใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:18
"Sit". "Today I sit, yesterday I
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"ๅบงใ‚‹"ใ€‚ ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅบงใ‚‹ใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏ
13:27
sat". So from "i" to "a": "I sat". And also: "I have
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ๅบงใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œiใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œaใ€ใธ๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏๅบงใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ
13:35
sat." Okay?
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ๅบงใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:38
"Find". "Today I find my keys. I lost them, now I find them. Yesterday I
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"ๆŽขใ™"ใ€‚ ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใ€็งใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้ตใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚็งใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ไปŠใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€็งใฏ
13:52
found", found
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่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€
13:54
them in a strange place. In the fridge. What were they doing in the fridge? I found my
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ใ€่ฆ‹็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใฌๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใฎไธญใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใงไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚ ๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใง้ตใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใฎใงใ€
14:00
keys in the fridge, and I said: "Look, I have found my keys." Okay? So: "find", "found",
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ใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใฆ ใ€้ตใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ€ใ€
14:10
"have found".
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ใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ€ใ€‚
14:12
"Leave". "I leave. I leave. Yesterday I
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"้›ขใ‚Œใ‚‹"ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ
14:25
left", "left", okay? And: "I have left".
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ๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆ๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏๅŽปใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚
14:34
Next one here: "I hear something. I hear something. What do I hear? Yesterday
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ๆฌกใฏใ“ใ“ใงใ™: "็งใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่žใ ใพใ™. ็งใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่žใใพใ™. ไฝ•ใ‚’่žใใพใ™ใ‹? ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็งใฏ่žใใพใ—ใŸ.
14:48
I heard", so the vowel sound changes: "ear", "er": "hear", "heard", it's spelt "h-e-a-r"
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14:57
plus a "d", but the vowel sound changes. "I hear", "I heard", and: "I have heard".
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ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใ€Œdใ€ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆฏ้ŸณใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่žใ„ใŸใ€ใ€Œ่žใ„ใŸใ€ใ€Œ่žใ„ใŸใ€ใ€‚
15:07
Right, and finally for this one before we move on to the different ones: "Teach". "I
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒ ใซใ€ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ็งปใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ง
15:16
teach English. Yesterday I...
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ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏ
15:26
I taught. I taught French yesterday." I didn't really,
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โ€ฆๆ•™ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€ ็งใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
15:32
but today I teach English, yesterday I taught French. I have taught English for many years.
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ใŒใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ็งใฏ้•ทๅนด่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:43
Okay? "Teach", "taught", "have taught". Okay, so those are all the ones that stay the same,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œๆ•™ใˆใŸใ€ใ€Œๆ•™ใˆใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆ ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆๅŒใ˜ใพใพใฎใ‚‚ใฎ
15:51
and now let's have a look at the ones that change in the past participle.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ๆฌกใซใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใงๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
15:57
Okay, so let's have a look at the verbs that change from the past simple to the present
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‹ใ‚‰็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
16:06
perfect using "have". So here are some examples. So: "forget". "Today I forget. Yesterday I
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏ
16:24
forgot", so "e" changes to "o". "I forgot". And: "Oh dear, I have...
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ๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œeใ€ใฏใ€Œoใ€ใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ "ๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใฆใŸ"ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฏ...
16:42
I have forgotten". "Forgotten", okay? So that's where it changes in the present perfect: "I have forgotten".
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็งใฏๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€. ใ€Œๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ“ใง ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใ€Œๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€ใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:54
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
16:56
Next one: "I give". "Today I give, yesterday I
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚‚ใฎ๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅ ็งใฏไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็ง
17:05
gave" with an "a", "i" to "a". "I gave yesterday."
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ใฏไธŽใˆใŸใ€ใจใ€Œaใ€ใ€ใ€Œiใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œaใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
17:18
And: "I have given", so it's back to "give" with an "n" on the end. "I gave", "I have
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏไธŽใˆใŸใ€ใชใฎใง ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œnใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ€ŒไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใ’ใŸใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ’ใŸ
17:25
given". Right.
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ใ€ใ€‚ ๅณใ€‚
17:28
Next one: "to know". "Today I know, yesterday I...
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ๆฌกใฏใ€Œ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅ ็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็งใฏ...
17:38
I knew", so "o" to "e". "I knew". "Yesterday
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็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œoใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œeใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
17:43
I knew". And: "I have..." If you're thinking of a friend you met 20 years ago: "I have
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็ŸฅใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ: "I have..." 20 ๅนดๅ‰ใซๅ‡บไผšใฃใŸๅ‹ไบบใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ: "I have
17:54
_____ my friend for 20 years. I have known", so it's back to "know" with an "n" on the
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_____ my friend to 20 years. I have know" ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€"n" ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ "know" ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:08
end: "I have known my friend for 20 years." Okay?
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏ20ๅนด้–“็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
18:13
Next one: "sing". "Today I sing, yesterday I
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ๆฌกใฏใ€ŒๆญŒใ†ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅ ็งใฏๆญŒใ†ใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็ง
18:20
sang", "i" to "a", and: "I have
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ใฏๆญŒใฃใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œiใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œaใ€ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ€Œ็ง
18:29
sung", so it goes from "i" to "a" to "u". "I sing", "I sang", "I have sung".
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ใฏๆญŒใฃใŸใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œiใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œaใ€ใ€ใ€Œuใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๆญŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ŒๆญŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ŒๆญŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚
18:40
Next one: "eat". "I eat bread every day. Yesterday I
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ๆฌกใฏใ€Œ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆฏŽๆ—ฅใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็งใฏ
18:49
ate", this is a funny one, the way it's
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้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„
18:53
pronounced. "I ate" or some people say "ate", it could be either. "Eat", "ate" or "ate",
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็™บ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏ้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบ ใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใ‹ใพใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใ€
19:04
and: "I have", it's a bit like this again, but with a bit of extra added. "Eaten", "eaten",
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œ็งใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใ—ไผผ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใ€
19:15
"I have eaten something and it's made me feel ill". So: "eat", "ate", "eaten".
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ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹้ฃŸในใฆ ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๆ‚ชใใชใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใ€‚
19:27
Next one, the verb... The important verb: "to be". "Today I am", of course this is going
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ๆฌกใฏๅ‹•่ฉžโ€ฆ ้‡่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œto beใ€ใ€‚ ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅ็งใฏใ€ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
19:37
to change depending on the person you're using, but: "I am", "Yesterday I was", or "we were",
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ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็งใฏใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใง
19:55
and: "I" or "we have
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€
20:03
been", so it's back to "be" with another "en" on the end, so that's
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been ใซๆˆปใฃ ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซๅˆฅใฎ en ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
20:10
quite different: "was", "were", "been", "I have been", "We have been". Okay?
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ใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š็•ฐใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
20:17
The verb "to do", "I do. Yesterday I
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ๅ‹•่ฉž "to do"ใ€"I do. ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ I
20:25
did", and: "I have
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did"ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ: "I have
20:34
done", so back to the "o" again.
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done" ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ๅ†ใณ "o" ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:38
"Do", "did", "done", "I have done". Right.
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ใ€Œใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚ ๅณใ€‚
20:43
Next one: "take". "Today I take, yesterday I
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ๆฌกใฏใ€Œใจใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅ ็งใฏๅ–ใ‚‹ใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็ง
20:51
took", and: "I have", back to "take" again:
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ใฏๅ–ใฃใŸใ€ใ€ใใ—ใฆ๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ ๅ†ใณใ€Œๅ–ใ‚‹ใ€ใซๆˆปใ‚‹๏ผš
21:02
"taken". So often this one goes back to looking more similar to the first one: "take", "took",
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ใ€Œๅ–ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซไผผใŸๅค–่ฆณใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™:ใ€Œใƒ†ใ‚คใ‚ฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ†ใ‚คใ‚ฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ†ใ‚คใ‚ฏ
21:13
"taken".
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ใ€ใ€‚
21:14
"Ring", "Today I ring, yesterday I
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ใ€Œ้ณดใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅ ้ณดใ‚‹ใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ
21:23
rang my friend," and: "I have
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ๅ‹้”ใซ้ณดใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ
21:31
rung". "Ring", "rang", "rung", "I have rung".
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้ณดใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ้ณดใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œ้ณดใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œ้ณดใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œ้ณดใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚
21:37
Okay, next one: "drive". "Today I drive to work, yesterday I
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๆฌกใฏใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใ€ใ ใ€‚ ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅ ใฏไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใ
21:49
drove to work. I drove",
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ใ€‚็งใฏ้‹่ปขใ—ใŸใ€ใ€
21:54
and: "I have
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ใใ—ใฆ๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏ
21:58
driven", back again to the "i", "drive", "driven". "Drive", "drove", "have driven".
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้‹่ปขใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œiใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้‹่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้‹่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใซๆˆปใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้‹่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้‹่ปขใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้‹่ปขใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚
22:10
Okay, next one: "break". "I break, yesterday I
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๆฌกใฏใ€Œใƒ–ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ฏใ€ใ ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฃŠใ‚ŒใŸใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็งใฏ
22:19
broke", and: "I have", this time it stays very similar:
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ๅฃŠใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ€ใใ—ใฆ๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ ไปŠๅ›žใฏ้žๅธธใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผš
22:32
"I have broken", "broken", with an "n" on the end. Okay?
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฃŠใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ€ใ€ŒๅฃŠใ‚ŒใŸใ€ ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œnใ€ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
22:38
Next one: "I speak, yesterday I
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚‚ใฎ๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏ่ฉฑใ™ใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็ง
22:47
spoke, I have
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ใฏ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€็งใฏ
22:55
spoken". Again, similar to "break", "broken",
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่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€. ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ€Œbreakใ€ใ€ใ€Œbrokenใ€ใ€
23:00
"speak", "spoke", "spoken". Some of them are very similar. You can see similarities in
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ใ€Œspeakใ€ใ€ใ€Œspokeใ€ใ€ใ€Œspokenใ€ใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฏ ้žๅธธใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅค‰ๅŒ–ใฎไป•ๆ–นใซ้กžไผผๆ€งใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œ
23:08
the way they change. Okay.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
23:10
Okay: "run", "I run every day, yesterday I
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OK: ใ€Œ่ตฐใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ ๆฏŽๆ—ฅ่ตฐใ‚‹ใ€
23:18
ran", and: "I have
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏ่ตฐใฃใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ
23:23
run". So: "run", it's back
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่ตฐใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€ŒๅฎŸ่กŒใ€ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅŒใ˜ใ€ŒๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใซๆˆปใ‚Š
23:30
to the same here: "I have run".
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:34
Okay, next one: "see". "I see, yesterday I
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๆฌกใฏใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ†ใ‹ใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ
23:43
saw", it's a bit different, "a-w", "saw".
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่ฆ‹ใŸใ€ใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ ้•ใ†ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใƒผใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใŸใ€ใ€‚
23:48
And: "I have
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ใใ—ใฆ๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏ
23:55
seen". So it's back to "see" with an "n" added.
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่ฆ‹ใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ใ€Œnใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:01
And then finally: "drink". "I drink, yesterday I
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œ้ฃฒใ‚€ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏ้ฃฒใ‚€ใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็งใฏ
24:11
drank" with an "a", and: "I have
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้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ€ใจใ€Œaใ€ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏ
24:22
drunk". "Drink", "drank", "drunk". Okay?
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้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ฃฒใ‚€ใ€ใ€Œ้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ€ใ€Œ้…”ใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
24:28
Right, so I hope that's been a useful overview of these different verbs, irregular verbs
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ใใ†ใงใ™ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉž
24:39
and how some of them change in the past participle when combined with "have", and some of them
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ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ€Œhaveใ€ใจ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใจ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๅค‰ๅŒ– ใ—ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œ
24:47
don't change, they stay the same. So, if you'd like to go to the website, www.engvid.com
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ใฐใ€ๅŒใ˜ใพใพใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆœ‰็”จใชๆฆ‚่ฆใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚น
24:52
and do the quiz there to test your knowledge on this, and thank you for watching and see
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ใ—ใฆใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™
25:01
you again soon. Okay, bye for now.
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ใ€‚ใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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