TEST YOUR ENGLISH! Irregular Past Participles

651,111 views ใƒป 2017-10-21

Learn English with Gill


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hello. I'm Gill at www.engvid.com, and today's lesson is on irregular past tenses. Okay?
0
680
11460
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” www.engvid.com์˜ Gill์ด๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
00:12
And in particular: "Irregular Past Participles"-okay?-of irregular verbs. So, let me just show you
1
12140
9560
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ: ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ "๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ"-์˜ค์ผ€์ด?- . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
00:21
some examples to make it clearer what I mean. Okay.
2
21700
5590
ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”.
00:27
So what we're doing, we're looking at three different tenses to show how the verb changes,
3
27290
8090
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
so the present simple of the verb, then the past simple, and then when we use the present
4
35380
8150
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ
00:43
perfect that's when you have to use the past participle. And what happens is sometimes
5
43530
8599
์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์€
00:52
it's the same for both the past simple and the present perfect, but with other verbs
6
52129
8071
๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋™์ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š”
01:00
it's different. So I just have two examples here to show you, one verb where it's the
7
60200
8450
๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™์‚ฌ
01:08
same and one verb where it's different just to illustrate. And then in the second part
8
68650
7190
์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ
01:15
of the lesson we will have a list of two separate sets of verbs, and I will test you on your
9
75840
9410
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋™์‚ฌ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š”
01:25
knowledge of the past participles of those and they're listed under "same" and "different"
10
85250
9140
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ "๋™์ผ"๊ณผ "๋‹ค๋ฆ„" ์•„๋ž˜์— ๋‚˜์—ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:34
just to clarify which ones stay the same, which ones are different. Okay. So let's have
11
94390
7460
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ด์ œ
01:41
a look at some examples, and then it should all become clearer.
12
101850
4210
๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
So, first of all, this is the present simple: "I catch a cold every winter." Every winter,
13
106060
11280
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ์„ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "๋งค ๊ฒจ์šธ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒจ์šธ๋งˆ๋‹ค
01:57
achoo, I'm sneezing. Oh, terrible, every winter I catch a cold. So for something that happens
14
117340
8370
์—์ฟ , ์žฌ์ฑ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์š”. ์˜ค, ๋”์ฐํ•ด, ๊ฒจ์šธ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
02:05
regularly, that is one way that we use the present simple when something happens regularly.
15
125710
7669
, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
Every, every winter I catch a cold, so the verb is "to catch", okay? So then if we put
16
133379
11140
๋งค๋…„ ๊ฒจ์šธ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ "to catch"์•ผ, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
02:24
it into the past tense, the past simple and we say: "Last month... I caught a cold last
17
144519
10680
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "์ง€๋‚œ ๋‹ฌ... ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์–ด
02:35
month." Okay? So: "caught" is the irregular past simple form of the verb "to catch". "I
18
155199
12491
." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "caught"๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ "to catch"์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "
02:47
caught a cold last month." I caught a cold last month, but I'm much better now. That
19
167690
9359
์ง€๋‚œ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์–ด์š”." ์ง€๋‚œ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜์•˜์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ
02:57
sort of idea. Okay. So then the third example here is using the present perfect which involves
20
177049
9881
์ƒ๊ฐ. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:06
using this word: "have" as an auxiliary, as an extra verb. So: "I have caught another
21
186930
12899
: "have"๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ, ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ : "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:19
cold!" Oh dear, I only had a cold... I caught a cold last month, and now I have caught another
22
199829
11181
!" ๋ง™์†Œ์‚ฌ, ๊ฐ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์–ด... ์ง€๋‚œ ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๊ณ , ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋˜
03:31
cold. That's one cold after another. So this is in the more recent past, the present perfect
23
211010
8469
๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์–ด. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "have"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:39
using "have": "I have caught another cold." Meaning just recently. So you can see here
24
219479
11710
: "I have catch another cold." ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์˜๋ฏธ. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
03:51
that "caught" stays the same, it's the same. So it's an example where the past simple and
25
231189
10450
"caught"๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•๊ณผ
04:01
the present perfect stay the same, but let's have a look now at an example where there's
26
241639
7871
ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ
04:09
a change and where they're different. Okay?
27
249510
4509
๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‹ค์‹œ
04:14
So, back to the present simple again and the verb is "to write", which is an irregular
28
254019
6720
ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ "to write"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:20
verb, so: "I write to my cousin once a year." I have a cousin who is not on email, and it
29
260739
11061
. ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ์•ˆ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:31
makes it rather inconvenient to keep in touch with her, so writing letters and putting them
30
271800
8720
์—ฐ๋ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•ด์„œ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์จ์„œ
04:40
in the post I find a terrible job these days. I'm so used to using email for everybody,
31
280520
9540
ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ์— ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์š”์ฆ˜ ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์ด์—์š”. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ต์ˆ™
04:50
but I have a cousin who's not on email and she will not have a computer. So I have to
32
290060
9200
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š”
04:59
write a letter to her. "I write to my cousin once a year." Okay? So, again, that's using
33
299260
9070
๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์จ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. "1๋…„์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
05:08
the present simple for a regular action. Once a year is the regular action, I write. Okay,
34
308330
9869
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1๋…„์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์€ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ€์„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”,
05:18
so then if we move to the past simple: "Last week... I wrote to my cousin last week." So
35
318199
10071
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ€๋ฉด: "์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์—... ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์— ๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
05:28
that's the past simple. So, the form there for the past simple is "wrote", from "write"
36
328270
8820
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ˜•์‹์€ "์“ฐ๊ธฐ"์—์„œ "
05:37
to "wrote", but then if we use the present perfect using the auxiliary "have": "Today...
37
337090
11699
์“ฐ๊ธฐ"๋กœ "์“ฐ๊ธฐ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ "have"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด "์˜ค๋Š˜...
05:48
I have written to my cousin today." So recent past, it's a completed action. "I have written".
38
348789
12511
์˜ค๋Š˜ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋‹ค".
06:01
Thank goodness I've got that letter written and posted, and it's gone now, so that's a
39
361300
6329
๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์—†์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋‹ˆ
06:07
job done for the year. So: "I have written", so you can see there that this form is not
40
367629
10260
์˜ฌํ•ด ํ•  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "I have write", ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์–‘์‹์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:17
the same. They're the same here: "I caught", "I have caught", but with "write": "I wrote",
41
377889
7500
. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
"I have written to my cousin today." So you can see how past simple and present perfect
42
385389
9421
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:34
with different verbs, sometimes they stay the same, other times they're different. Okay.
43
394810
9770
. ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
06:44
So let's move on to the second part of the lesson, and we'll have a look at two lists
44
404580
5119
์ด์ œ ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
06:49
of verbs, and I will test you on your knowledge of the past participles.
45
409699
7361
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
Okay, so let's have a look at these which are the verbs which stay the same in the past
46
417060
7180
์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ
07:04
simple and the present perfect, and I will just write that form in, but just to give
47
424240
7489
๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์—์„œ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์“ฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
07:11
you an opportunity first to think what it is. So: "to send", I send in the present.
48
431729
9341
๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋จผ์ € ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "๋ณด๋‚ด๋‹ค", ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๋‹ค.
07:21
"Yesterday I
49
441070
6779
"์–ด์ œ
07:27
sent", did you get that one? Okay, so: "Yesterday I sent", it's always
50
447875
7254
๋ณด๋ƒˆ์–ด", ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด? ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์–ด์ œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค",
07:35
useful to think of some words like: "Yesterday" or "Last week I" to help you to form the simple
51
455129
8350
"์–ด์ œ" ๋˜๋Š” "์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๋‚˜๋Š”"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:43
past tense. Okay.
52
463479
1861
. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
07:45
Right, so "make", the verb "to make". "Yesterday I
53
465340
10341
๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค", ๋™์‚ฌ "๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค". "์–ด์ œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
07:55
made", okay? So these are all irregular,
54
475707
3932
๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค", ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
so they're not going to be with "ed" on the end, they're going to be different. Sometimes
55
479639
7632
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋์— "ed"๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š”
08:07
it means that the consonant changes, like from "make", "k" to "d", "d" to "t", sometimes
56
487271
9149
"make", "k"์—์„œ "d"๋กœ, "d"์—์„œ "t"๋กœ ์ž์Œ์ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š”
08:16
a vowel will change from one vowel letter to another.
57
496420
4619
๋ชจ์Œ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ชจ์Œ ๋ฌธ์ž์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ์Œ ๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
So, let's carry on: "I pay. I pay. Yesterday I
58
501039
11630
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ
08:32
paid." So that changes from an "a" to an "i" and then with a "d" added. Okay?
59
512669
10231
์ง€๋ถˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "a"์—์„œ "i"๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋œ ๋‹ค์Œ "d"๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
08:42
Next one: "to say". "Today I say, yesterday I
60
522900
10315
๋‹ค์Œ: "๋งํ•˜๋‹ค". "์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค, ์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š”
08:53
said." So that's pronounced "said", not
61
533241
2929
๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:56
"sayd". This is pronounced: "payd", but that's not pronounced "sayd". "Paid", "said", so
62
536170
9800
'๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "payd"๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ "sayd"๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Paid", "said", ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
09:05
there's a different pronunciation there. Okay, good.
63
545970
4210
๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
09:10
Next one: "to think". "Today I think, yesterday
64
550180
11797
๋‹ค์Œ: "์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค". "์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์–ด์ œ
09:22
I..."That's a funny one, isn't it? "o-u-g-h-t"
65
562003
5187
๋Š”..."๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์›ƒ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ˆ? "o-u-g-h-t"๋Š”
09:27
often appears in English words: "I thought", "I thought", "I think, I thought". And, of
66
567190
9660
์ข…์ข… "I think", " I think", "I think, I think"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜์–ด ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
09:36
course, with the present perfect you would say: "I have sent, I have made, I have paid,
67
576850
8989
๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์—๋Š” "I have sent, I have made, I have pay,
09:45
I have said, I have thought", so it stays the same in the present perfect. Okay?
68
585839
7331
I have said, I have think"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”?
09:53
Let's carry on. "I stand". Today I stand here in front of a camera. "Yesterday I
69
593170
14142
๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ์„œ์žˆ๋‹ค". ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ์•ž์— ์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š”
10:07
stood". Did you get that one? So, from "a" to double "o", and we lose the "n". "Stand", "stood",
70
607338
10202
์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค". ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "a"์—์„œ "o"๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋ฉด "n"์ด ์†์‹ค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ผ์–ด์„œ๋‹ค", "์ผ์–ด์„œ๋‹ค",
10:17
and: "I have stood as well." Okay.
71
617540
4489
"๋‚˜๋„ ์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ." ์ข‹์•„์š”.
10:22
"Buy". "Today I buy some oranges, yesterday I
72
622029
8693
"๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋‹ค". "์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ , ์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š”
10:30
bought", so it's a bit like "thought". "Thought",
73
630748
9422
์ƒ€๋‹ค", ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ "์ƒ๊ฐ"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ƒ๊ฐ",
10:40
"bought". Okay?
74
640170
2810
"๊ตฌ์ž…". ์ข‹์•„์š”?
10:42
Next one: "tell". "I tell... I tell my friends something today. Yesterday I
75
642980
11310
๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฒƒ: "๋งํ•˜๋‹ค". "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค... ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š”
10:54
told". So the
76
654316
3744
๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค." ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
10:58
"e" changes to "o", two l's change to one "l", and we add a "d". "Tell", "told", and
77
658060
7860
"e"๋Š” "o"๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๊ณ  ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ l์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ "l"๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋ฉฐ "d"๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋งํ•˜๋‹ค", "๋งํ•˜๋‹ค",
11:05
also: "I have told". Just the same. Okay?
78
665920
5520
๋˜ํ•œ "๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค". ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
11:11
"Bring". "I bring. Yesterday I..."
79
671440
10618
"๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋‹ค". "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š”..." ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
11:22
Another one of those. "Brought". We have: "thought",
80
682084
6076
ํ•˜๋‚˜. "๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค". ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์ƒ๊ฐ",
11:28
"bought", "brought". Okay?
81
688160
3980
"๊ตฌ๋งค", "๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ"์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
11:32
Right, next column: "lose". "I lose... I lose my keys all the time. Yesterday I
82
692140
13400
์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ, ๋‹ค์Œ ์—ด: "ํŒจ๋ฐฐ". "๋‚˜๋Š” ์กŒ์–ด... ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‚ด ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์–ด.
11:45
lost", and
83
705566
2464
11:48
then: "I have lost. I have lost my keys again". "I lost", "I have lost", stays the same. Okay.
84
708030
9440
์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์–ด." "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์กŒ๋‹ค", "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์กŒ๋‹ค"๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ•จ์ด ์—†๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
11:57
"To have". "Today I have something. I have a bottle of water. Yesterday I
85
717509
14736
"๊ฐ€์ง€๋‹ค". "์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋ฌผ ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์–ด์ œ๋Š”
12:12
had". And also,
86
732271
3049
์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”." ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
12:15
with the present perfect: "I have had", "have had", so the verb "to have" appears twice
87
735320
9660
ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ: "I have had", "have had", ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ "to have"๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:24
like that. "I have", "I had", "I have had". Okay.
88
744980
6530
. "๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค", " ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค", "๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค". ์ข‹์•„์š”.
12:31
"To sell". "Today I sell my car. Yesterday I...
89
751510
11578
"ํŒ”๋‹ค". "์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ”์•˜๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š”...
12:43
I sold", and then a week later I might
90
763114
5225
๋‚˜๋Š” ํŒ”์•˜๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ํ›„์— ๋‚˜๋Š”
12:48
say to a friend: "I have sold my car." Okay?
91
768339
4661
์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ”์•˜๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”?
12:53
"Meet". "Today I meet, yesterday I
92
773000
8165
"๋งŒ๋‚˜๋‹ค". "์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์–ด์ œ
13:01
met". So, one "e" rather than two. "Yesterday I met
93
781191
7799
๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์–ด." ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ "e"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์–ด์ œ
13:08
somebody famous", and then I can say: "I have met that famous person. I have met", okay?
94
788990
9560
์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์–ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด " ์ € ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”. ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:18
"Sit". "Today I sit, yesterday I
95
798550
9225
"์•‰๋‹ค". "์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์•‰์•˜๊ณ , ์–ด์ œ๋Š”
13:27
sat". So from "i" to "a": "I sat". And also: "I have
96
807801
7829
์•‰์•˜๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "i"์—์„œ "a"๋กœ: "I sat". ๋˜ํ•œ "๋‚˜๋Š”
13:35
sat." Okay?
97
815630
2459
์•‰์•˜๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”?
13:38
"Find". "Today I find my keys. I lost them, now I find them. Yesterday I
98
818089
13905
"์ฐพ๋‹ค". "์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚ด ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์–ด. ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์–ด. ์ด์ œ ์ฐพ์•˜์–ด. ์–ด์ œ
13:52
found", found
99
832020
2569
์ฐพ์•˜์–ด."
13:54
them in a strange place. In the fridge. What were they doing in the fridge? I found my
100
834589
6050
์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์–ด. ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ  ์•ˆ์—. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‚˜๋Š”
14:00
keys in the fridge, and I said: "Look, I have found my keys." Okay? So: "find", "found",
101
840639
10101
๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์—์„œ ๋‚ด ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ด, ๋‚ด ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์–ด." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค", "์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค",
14:10
"have found".
102
850740
1670
"์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค".
14:12
"Leave". "I leave. I leave. Yesterday I
103
852410
12759
"๋– ๋‚˜๋‹ค". "๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€. ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€. ์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜
14:25
left", "left", okay? And: "I have left".
104
865195
9495
๊ฐ€", "๊ฐ€", ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  : "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค".
14:34
Next one here: "I hear something. I hear something. What do I hear? Yesterday
105
874690
14259
๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ: "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์–ด์ œ
14:48
I heard", so the vowel sound changes: "ear", "er": "hear", "heard", it's spelt "h-e-a-r"
106
888949
8791
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค", ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "ear", "er": "hear", "heard", ์ฒ ์ž๋Š” "h-e-a-r"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
plus a "d", but the vowel sound changes. "I hear", "I heard", and: "I have heard".
107
897740
10099
ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค "d"์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”", "๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”", ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”".
15:07
Right, and finally for this one before we move on to the different ones: "Teach". "I
108
907839
8961
๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— "๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š”
15:16
teach English. Yesterday I...
109
916800
9803
์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š”...
15:26
I taught. I taught French yesterday." I didn't really,
110
926629
6080
๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๋‹ค ." ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
15:32
but today I teach English, yesterday I taught French. I have taught English for many years.
111
932709
10461
์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๊ณ  ์–ด์ œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
Okay? "Teach", "taught", "have taught". Okay, so those are all the ones that stay the same,
112
943170
8270
์ข‹์•„์š”? "๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋‹ค", "๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๋‹ค", "๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๋‹ค". ์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:51
and now let's have a look at the ones that change in the past participle.
113
951440
6550
์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
Okay, so let's have a look at the verbs that change from the past simple to the present
114
957990
8820
์ž, ์ด์ œ
16:06
perfect using "have". So here are some examples. So: "forget". "Today I forget. Yesterday I
115
966810
17338
"have"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์žŠ์–ด๋ผ". "์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์žŠ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ๋Š”
16:24
forgot", so "e" changes to "o". "I forgot". And: "Oh dear, I have...
116
984174
9897
์žŠ์—ˆ๋‹ค", ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "e"๋Š” "o"๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์žŠ์—ˆ๋‹ค". ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ : "์˜ค ์ด๋Ÿฐ, ๋‚œ...
16:42
I have forgotten". "Forgotten", okay? So that's where it changes in the present perfect: "I have forgotten".
117
1002843
11236
์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์–ด". "์žŠ์—ˆ๋‹ค", ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "I have forget".
16:54
All right.
118
1014079
2301
๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€.
16:56
Next one: "I give". "Today I give, yesterday I
119
1016380
8944
๋‹ค์Œ: "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค€๋‹ค". "์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์–ด์ œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
17:05
gave" with an "a", "i" to "a". "I gave yesterday."
120
1025350
12848
์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” "a", "i"์—์„œ "a"๋กœ. "์–ด์ œ ์คฌ์–ด."
17:18
And: "I have given", so it's back to "give" with an "n" on the end. "I gave", "I have
121
1038224
7426
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ : "I have give", ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋์— "n"์ด ์žˆ๋Š” "give"๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์คฌ๋‹ค", "๋‚ด๊ฐ€
17:25
given". Right.
122
1045650
2960
์คฌ๋‹ค". ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ.
17:28
Next one: "to know". "Today I know, yesterday I...
123
1048610
9916
๋‹ค์Œ: "์•Œ๋‹ค". "์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์•Œ๊ณ , ์–ด์ œ๋Š”...
17:38
I knew", so "o" to "e". "I knew". "Yesterday
124
1058552
4598
์•Œ์•˜์–ด", ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "o"์—์„œ "e"๋กœ. "๋‚œ ์•Œ์•˜๋‹ค". "์–ด์ œ
17:43
I knew". And: "I have..." If you're thinking of a friend you met 20 years ago: "I have
125
1063150
11631
์•Œ์•˜์–ด." ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ : "I have..." 20๋…„ ์ „์— ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด: "I have
17:54
_____ my friend for 20 years. I have known", so it's back to "know" with an "n" on the
126
1074781
13249
_____ my friend for 20 years. I have known", ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ "n"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ "know"๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์—
18:08
end: "I have known my friend for 20 years." Okay?
127
1088030
5440
"๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์ง€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”?
18:13
Next one: "sing". "Today I sing, yesterday I
128
1093470
6583
๋‹ค์Œ ๊ณก: "๋…ธ๋ž˜". "Today I sing, ์–ด์ œ I
18:20
sang", "i" to "a", and: "I have
129
1100079
9281
sang", "i"์—์„œ "a", ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "I have
18:29
sung", so it goes from "i" to "a" to "u". "I sing", "I sang", "I have sung".
130
1109386
10804
sung", ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "i"์—์„œ "a", "u"๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜ํ•œ๋‹ค", "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค", "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค".
18:40
Next one: "eat". "I eat bread every day. Yesterday I
131
1120190
9770
๋‹ค์Œ: "๋จน๋‹ค". "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ๋นต์„ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ๋Š”
18:49
ate", this is a funny one, the way it's
132
1129986
3134
๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค." ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
18:53
pronounced. "I ate" or some people say "ate", it could be either. "Eat", "ate" or "ate",
133
1133120
10980
๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ "๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋จน๋‹ค", "๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” "๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค",
19:04
and: "I have", it's a bit like this again, but with a bit of extra added. "Eaten", "eaten",
134
1144100
11190
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ : "I have", ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋จน์—ˆ์–ด", "๋จน์—ˆ์–ด",
19:15
"I have eaten something and it's made me feel ill". So: "eat", "ate", "eaten".
135
1155290
12530
"๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์†์ด ์•ˆ ์ข‹์•„." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "๋จน๋‹ค", "๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค", "๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค".
19:27
Next one, the verb... The important verb: "to be". "Today I am", of course this is going
136
1167820
10070
๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ... ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” "to be"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Today I am"์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก 
19:37
to change depending on the person you're using, but: "I am", "Yesterday I was", or "we were",
137
1177890
18050
์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ "I am", "Yesterday I was" ๋˜๋Š” "We were",
19:55
and: "I" or "we have
138
1195940
7975
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "I" ๋˜๋Š” "we have"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:03
been", so it's back to "be" with another "en" on the end, so that's
139
1203941
6589
been", ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "be"๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ๋์— ๋˜
20:10
quite different: "was", "were", "been", "I have been", "We have been". Okay?
140
1210530
7170
๋‹ค๋ฅธ "en"์ด ๋ถ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "was", "were", "been", "I have been", "We have been"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
20:17
The verb "to do", "I do. Yesterday I
141
1217700
7424
๋™์‚ฌ "to do", "I do. Yesterday I
20:25
did", and: "I have
142
1225150
9457
did", "I have
20:34
done", so back to the "o" again.
143
1234633
3437
done", ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ "o"๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:38
"Do", "did", "done", "I have done". Right.
144
1238070
5120
"ํ•œ๋‹ค", "ํ–ˆ๋‹ค", "ํ–ˆ๋‹ค", "ํ–ˆ๋‹ค". ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ.
20:43
Next one: "take". "Today I take, yesterday I
145
1243190
8598
๋‹ค์Œ: "๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๋‹ค". "Today I take, ์–ด์ œ I
20:51
took", and: "I have", back to "take" again:
146
1251814
11036
take", and: "I have", ๋‹ค์‹œ "take"๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ:
21:02
"taken". So often this one goes back to looking more similar to the first one: "take", "took",
147
1262850
10750
"taken". ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ข…์ข… ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "take", "took", "taken"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋” ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:13
"taken".
148
1273600
1000
.
21:14
"Ring", "Today I ring, yesterday I
149
1274600
8400
"Ring", "์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์šธ๋ ธ์–ด, ์–ด์ œ๋Š”
21:23
rang my friend," and: "I have
150
1283026
8693
๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์šธ๋ ธ์–ด", "
21:31
rung". "Ring", "rang", "rung", "I have rung".
151
1291745
5455
์šธ๋ ธ์–ด". "์šธ๋ ธ๋‹ค", "์šธ๋ ธ๋‹ค", "์šธ๋ ธ๋‹ค", "์šธ๋ ธ๋‹ค".
21:37
Okay, next one: "drive". "Today I drive to work, yesterday I
152
1297200
12597
์ž, ๋‹ค์Œ์€ "๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š”
21:49
drove to work. I drove",
153
1309823
5137
์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์šด์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์šด์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", "๋‚˜๋Š” ์šด์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค",
21:54
and: "I have
154
1314960
3538
21:58
driven", back again to the "i", "drive", "driven". "Drive", "drove", "have driven".
155
1318524
11586
๋‹ค์‹œ "i", "drive", "drive"๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ", "๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ", "๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ".
22:10
Okay, next one: "break". "I break, yesterday I
156
1330110
9802
์ž, ๋‹ค์Œ์€ "ํœด์‹"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "I break, ์–ด์ œ I
22:19
broke", and: "I have", this time it stays very similar:
157
1339938
12638
broken", ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "I have", ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š”
22:32
"I have broken", "broken", with an "n" on the end. Okay?
158
1352602
5438
"I have broken", "broken", ๋์— "n"์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
22:38
Next one: "I speak, yesterday I
159
1358040
9172
๋‹ค์Œ: "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค, ์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š”
22:47
spoke, I have
160
1367238
8376
๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค, ๋‚˜๋Š”
22:55
spoken". Again, similar to "break", "broken",
161
1375640
4540
๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค." ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "break", "broken",
23:00
"speak", "spoke", "spoken". Some of them are very similar. You can see similarities in
162
1380180
7980
"speak", "spoke", "spoken"๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:08
the way they change. Okay.
163
1388160
2530
. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
23:10
Okay: "run", "I run every day, yesterday I
164
1390690
8218
์ข‹์•„: "๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค", "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค, ์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š”
23:18
ran", and: "I have
165
1398934
4487
๋‹ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค", ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ : "
23:23
run". So: "run", it's back
166
1403447
6953
๋‹ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค". ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค",
23:30
to the same here: "I have run".
167
1410400
3790
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค"๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:34
Okay, next one: "see". "I see, yesterday I
168
1414190
9202
์ข‹์•„, ๋‹ค์Œ: "๋ด". "๊ทธ๋ž˜, ์–ด์ œ
23:43
saw", it's a bit different, "a-w", "saw".
169
1423418
5562
๋ดค์–ด", ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๋ฐ "์•„-์™€", "๋ดค๋‹ค".
23:48
And: "I have
170
1428980
6101
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "๋‚˜๋Š”
23:55
seen". So it's back to "see" with an "n" added.
171
1435107
6543
๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค". ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "n"์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ "๋ณด๊ธฐ"๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:01
And then finally: "drink". "I drink, yesterday I
172
1441650
9886
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ "์Œ๋ฃŒ". "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์‹ ๋‹ค, ์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š”
24:11
drank" with an "a", and: "I have
173
1451562
11185
๋งˆ์…จ๋‹ค"์™€ "a", ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "๋‚˜๋Š”
24:22
drunk". "Drink", "drank", "drunk". Okay?
174
1462773
5327
์ทจํ–ˆ๋‹ค". "๋งˆ์…”", "๋งˆ์…”", "๋งˆ์…”". ์ข‹์•„์š”?
24:28
Right, so I hope that's been a useful overview of these different verbs, irregular verbs
175
1468100
11500
๋„ค, ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ,
24:39
and how some of them change in the past participle when combined with "have", and some of them
176
1479600
7800
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "have"์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š”
24:47
don't change, they stay the same. So, if you'd like to go to the website, www.engvid.com
177
1487400
5130
๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐœ์š”๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ(www.engvid.com)๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
24:52
and do the quiz there to test your knowledge on this, and thank you for watching and see
178
1492530
8620
์ง€์‹์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ณ  ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:01
you again soon. Okay, bye for now.
179
1501150
5412
๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„, ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7