Negative Prefixes in English: UN-, DIS-, NON-, A-, AB-, AN-, ANTI-

226,067 views ใƒป 2019-04-23

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ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hello.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
00:01
I'm Gill from engVid, and today we have a lesson on a way of increasing your vocabulary
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็งใฏ engVid ใฎใ‚ฎใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใƒ—ใƒฌใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ๅ…ˆ้ ญใซๆ•ฐๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใง
00:10
by turning a positive word into a negative one just by adding a few letters at the front,
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่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅ˜่ชžใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™
00:18
which is called a "negative prefix".
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ใ€‚
00:22
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
00:23
So, it's a rather nice way of adding to the...
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™
00:27
All the words that you know in English.
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ใ€‚
00:31
And in English, there are actually 12 different prefixes, negative prefixes, so what we've
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่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ 12 ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ ๆŽฅ้ ญ่พžใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆŽฅ้ ญ่พžใŒ
00:42
done: We have done two separate lessons.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ™ในใฆๆ–‡ๅญ— "i" ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹
00:45
There's another lesson covering five of the negative prefixes that all begin with the
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5 ใคใฎๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆŽฅ้ ญ่พžใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
00:52
letter "i".
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:54
This one, we have seven, the other seven which all begin with different letters.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€7 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไป–ใฎ 7 ใคใฏ ใ™ในใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:03
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
01:05
So, just a way to increase your vocabulary, turning a positive word to a negative one.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒœใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ–ใƒฉใƒชใƒผใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ— ใ€่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:11
Right.
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ๅณใ€‚
01:12
So, let's... let's start.
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ใงใฏใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:16
And looking first of all at the prefix: "un" which makes something negative.
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ใพใšๆœ€ๅˆใซๆŽฅ้ ญ่พžใ€Œunใ€ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:22
So, if something is "believable", you believe it.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ€Œไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:27
"That seems believable."
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:28
If someone makes an excuse, why they're late for...
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่จ€ใ„่จณใ‚’ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใชใœ้…ๅˆป ใ—ใŸใฎใ‹
01:32
For their class or for work - they had a believable excuse; a believable reason why they were
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... ๆŽˆๆฅญใ‚„ไป•ไบ‹ใฎใŸใ‚ใซ - ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใฏไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ ่จ€ใ„่จณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ้…ๅˆปใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใช็†็”ฑ
01:41
late.
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ใ€‚
01:42
But if you think: "Oh, that doesn't sou-...
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“...
01:45
I don't think I believe that.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:47
That doesn't sound right.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:49
I think they're lying", basically.
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็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจๆ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ.
01:52
Telling a lie, then their... their reason is "unbelievable".
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ๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใใจใ€ใใฎ็†็”ฑ ใฏใ€Œไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
01:56
"That was unbelievable."
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
01:59
Okay, so that turns it to the negative.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใซๅค‰ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:03
So, there are a lot of words in English which you can add "un" at the beginning.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซ ใฏใ€Œunใ€ใ‚’ๅ…ˆ้ ญใซใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:10
So, another one, if you're "certain" about something, you're...
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€Œ็ขบไฟกใ€ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ...
02:15
You're very sure about it.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ้žๅธธใซ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
02:17
You know it's true.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใ ใจ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:19
But if you're "uncertain", then you're not sure.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œไธ็ขบใ‹ใ€ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ขบใ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:24
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
02:26
"Fair".
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"ๅ…ฌๅนณ"ใ€‚
02:28
If things are fair, then it's...
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็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒๅ…ฌๅนณใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚Œ
02:32
Everything is good; everybody is being treated equally and treated well.
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ใฏ... ใ™ในใฆใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ ๅนณ็ญ‰ใซๆ‰ฑใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚ˆใๆ‰ฑใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:39
But if something is "unfair".
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ€Œไธๅ…ฌๅนณใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
02:41
If someone's handing out chocolates...
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ‚’้…ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ...
02:44
I keep coming back to chocolates - I wonder why.
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็งใฏใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใพใ™-ใชใœใ ใ‚ใ† ใ‹.
02:49
If someone is handing out chocolates to a room full of people and they give five chocolates
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ไบบใงใ„ใฃใฑใ„ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ‚’้…ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใซ 5 ๅ€‹ใฎใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆธกใ—
02:56
to one person, one chocolate to another person, and no chocolates to another person, then
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ใ€ๅˆฅใฎไบบใซ 1 ๅ€‹ใฎใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆธกใ—ใ€ๅˆฅใฎไบบใซใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ 1 ๅ€‹ใ‚‚ๆธกใ•ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใใ‚Œ
03:05
that seems a little bit unfair.
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ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ไธๅ…ฌๅนณใซๆ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
03:07
That's unfair; everyone should have an equal number.
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ใšใ‚‹ใ„; ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒๅŒใ˜ๆ•ฐใ‚’ๆŒใคในใ ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:12
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
03:13
So, "unfair".
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้žๅธธใซไธๅ…ฌๅนณ"ใ€‚
03:16
"Friendly".
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"ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใƒชใƒผ"ใ€‚
03:17
We all try to be friendly and nice to each other.
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็งใŸใกใฏ็š†ใ€ใŠไบ’ใ„ใซๅ‹ๅฅฝ็š„ใง่ฆชๅˆ‡ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅŠชใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:21
If people are friendly, that's great.
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ไบบใ€…ใŒๅ‹ๅฅฝ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:23
But if they're "unfriendly", if they're not very nice, then that's the opposite, of course.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ€Œๅ‹ๅฅฝ็š„ใงใชใ„ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ฆชๅˆ‡ใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“้€†ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:31
"Unfriendly".
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"ไธ่ฆชๅˆ‡ใช"ใ€‚
03:32
"That woman was rather unfriendly."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใฎๅฅณๆ€งใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š็„กๆ„›ๆƒณใ ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€
03:35
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
03:38
And then: "happy".
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅนธใ›ใ€ใ€‚
03:39
If you're happy, everything's going well; but then something bad happens and it makes
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅนธใ›ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒใ†ใพใใ„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎๅพŒใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใ€
03:44
you "unhappy".
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใ€Œไธๅนธใ€ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:47
"Unhappy".
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ใ€Œไธๅนธใ€ใ€‚
03:48
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
03:50
"Kind".
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"่ฆชๅˆ‡"ใ€‚
03:52
When people behave nicely, they're kind to each other.
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็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใๆŒฏใ‚‹่ˆžใ†ใจใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏใŠไบ’ใ„ใซ่ฆชๅˆ‡ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:56
And then the opposite would be "unkind", again, if someone does something not very nice.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎ้€†ใฏใ€Œไธ่ฆชๅˆ‡ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:03
"That was an unkind thing to do."
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏไธ่ฆชๅˆ‡ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
04:07
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:08
"Lucky".
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"ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผ"ใ€‚
04:10
If you're a lucky person, if you...
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅนธ้‹ใชไบบใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ...
04:12
If you go in for competitions, and the lottery, things like that and you win some money or
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚„ๅฎใใ˜ ใชใฉใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ€ใŠ้‡‘
04:20
you win a prize quite often, then you're a lucky person; good things happen to you.
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ใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ณžๅ“ใ‚’้ ป็นใซ็ฒๅพ—ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅนธ้‹ใชไบบใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:28
Or just life in general, you feel: "I've...
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็”Ÿๆดปใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏโ€ฆ
04:30
I've been very lucky; getting a good job, finding somewhere nice to live, etc.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅนธ้‹ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚่‰ฏใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฐฑใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ไฝใ‚€ใฎใซ่‰ฏใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใชใฉใ€
04:37
I've been very lucky."
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅนธ้‹ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:40
But if... if it's the opposite and a lot of things go wrong all the time, or you never
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้€†ใงใ€ๅธธใซๅคšใใฎ ใ“ใจใŒใ†ใพใใ„ใ‹
04:46
win a prize or anything, or a competition, then you're "unlucky".
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ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€่ณžๅ“ใ‚„ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงๅ„ชๅ‹ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œไธ้‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:52
"That was unlucky.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใฏไธ้‹ใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:55
That was an unlucky day; everything went wrong."
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ใ‚ใฎๆ—ฅใฏไธ้‹ใ ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ™ในใฆใŒใ†ใพใใ„ใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€
04:59
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:01
"Popular".
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"ไบบๆฐ—"ใ€‚
05:03
If lots of people like you, then you're popular.
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ๅฅฝใใชไบบใŒๅคšใ‘ใ‚Œใฐไบบๆฐ—่€…ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:07
But if there's someone that people don't seem to like; they don't have much to do with them,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ„ใ‚‹ ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใจใ‚ใพใ‚Š้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใชใใ€
05:12
they don't have a nice chat, a conversation with them, they stay away from them, then
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใจ็ด ๆ•ตใชใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใ‚„ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚‰้›ขใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆ
05:19
that person is "unpopular".
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ใใฎไบบใฏใ€Œไบบๆฐ—ใŒใชใ„ใ€.
05:22
For whatever reason, people don't like to be with that person; they're unpopular.
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ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ็†็”ฑใงใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏ ใใฎไบบใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไธไบบๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:28
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:29
So, "sure" is a bit like "certain".
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็ขบใ‹ใซใ€ใฏใ€Œ็ขบใ‹ใซใ€ใซๅฐ‘ใ—ไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:34
"Certain" and "sure".
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ใ€Œ็ขบใ‹ใซใ€ใจใ€Œ็ขบใ‹ใซใ€ใ€‚
05:35
"I'm...
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ใ€Œ็งใฏโ€ฆโ€ฆ
05:36
I'm sure I did well in the exam.
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ใใฃใจ่ฉฆ้จ“ใงใ‚ˆใ
05:39
I'm sure."
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ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚ใใฃใจใ€
05:42
But if you're not sure, you feel a little bit "unsure".
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:46
You're unsure about how you did in the exam; it's hard to know: "Did I do well?
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่ฉฆ้จ“ใฎๆˆ็ธพใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏใ†ใพใใ‚„ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:52
I...
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็งใฏโ€ฆใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š
05:53
I'm not sure.
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ‚ˆใ
05:54
I'm unsure."
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
05:55
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:58
And then, finally, in this column: "tidy" is when you keep your room, your house tidy,
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒฉใƒ ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œๆ•ด็†ๆ•ด้ “ใ€ ใจใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚„ๅฎถใ‚’ๆ•ด้ “ใ—ใ€
06:06
everything looks nice, there's not a lot of stuff lying all over the place.
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ใ™ในใฆใŒใใ‚Œใ„ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:12
It's very tidy.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:13
"You keep your room tidy.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ใใ‚Œใ„ใซไฟใกใพใ™ใ€‚
06:16
Clean and tidy."
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ๆธ…ๆฝ”ใงๆ•ด้ “ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
06:18
But if you just leave everything lying about all over the place, and dirty dishes, you've
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—
06:24
had a meal and you just left the dirty dishes and the cutlery just lying around on the floor,
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ใ€้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใฎใซใ€ๆฑšใ‚ŒใŸ็šฟ ใ‚„ใ‚ซใƒˆใƒฉใƒชใƒผใ‚’ๅบŠใซ็ฝฎใ„ใŸใพใพใซ
06:32
and it's smelling and horrible, then that's "untidy".
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ใ—ใฆใŠใใจใ€่‡ญใ„ใŒใ—ใฆใฒใฉใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ "ใ€‚
06:37
Untidy.
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ใ ใ‚‰ใ—ใชใ„ใ€‚
06:38
"He's such an untidy person.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใ ใ‚‰ใ—ใชใ„ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
06:41
He leaves things lying around his room."
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ๅฝผใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใซ็‰ฉใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใŸใพใพใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:46
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:48
So, let's move on to the next column, so: "dis" is another prefix to turn words to the
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ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ณใƒฉใƒ ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ "dis" ใฏๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎๆŽฅ้ ญ่พž
06:56
negative.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:57
So, if you agree with someone, you say: "Yes, yes, I think so, too.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซๅŒๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ ใฏใ„ใ€็งใ‚‚ใใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
07:03
I agree.
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ใ€‚ๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ™
07:04
I agree."
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ใ€‚ๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:05
But if you don't agree with them, then you "disagree".
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ€ŒๅŒๆ„ใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:08
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:09
"I'm sorry, but I have to disagree with you, there.
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ใ€Œ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใจๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’็•ฐใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:12
I don't think the same as you; I disagree."
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใจๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚็งใฏๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
07:18
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:19
"Appear".
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"็พใ‚Œใ‚‹"ใ€‚
07:20
If someone appears, you see them.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็พใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:22
"Oh, hello."
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"ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚"
07:23
A friend comes into the room, they appear.
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ๅ‹้”ใŒ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็พใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
07:26
But then if they...
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ...
07:28
They go away again: "Oh, where did he go?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใพใŸ็ซ‹ใกๅŽปใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™
07:31
Where did he go?
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07:32
He's disappeared.
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ใ€‚
07:33
He's disappeared."
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07:34
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:37
"Honest".
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"ๆœฌ้Ÿณ"ใ€‚
07:39
It's good to try to be honest all the time; tell the truth.
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ๅธธใซๆญฃ็›ดใงใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใˆใ€‚
07:43
But some people, I'm sure we've all met some people who are "dishonest"; they're not honest.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธ€้ƒจใฎไบบใ€…ใฏใ€ใ€Œไธ่ช ๅฎŸใ€ใชไบบใซไผšใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆญฃ็›ดใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:51
They tell lies, they trick you, they deceive you.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’้จ™ใ—ใ€ๆฌบใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:56
"Dishonest".
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ใ€Œไธ่ช ๅฎŸใ€ใ€‚
07:57
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:58
So, you have to be careful.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆณจๆ„ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
08:00
If you can tell if someone is dishonest, then maybe you avoid having anything to do with
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒไธ่ช ๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใฎไบบใจใฏ ไธ€ๅˆ‡้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’ๆŒใŸใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ
08:08
them.
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ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:09
So, okay.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:10
"Like" - nice, simple word.
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ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใญใ€ - ็ด ๆ•ตใงใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใช่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
08:13
If you like somebody or you like something - that's the positive.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅฅฝใใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฅฝใใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:18
If you don't like it, you "dislike" it or you dislike that person.
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ๅซŒใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€ŒๅซŒใ„ใ€ใ‹ ใ€ใใฎไบบใŒๅซŒใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:22
"Dislike".
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"ๅซŒใ„"ใ€‚
08:23
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
08:24
And, finally, in this column: "trust".
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒฉใƒ ใงใฏใ€Œไฟก้ ผใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:27
Again, it's like "honest".
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๆญฃ็›ดใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
08:29
-"Can you trust this person?
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-ใ€Œใ“ใฎไบบใ‚’ไฟก็”จใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
08:31
Can you believe what they tell you?"
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€
08:34
-"Yes, I trust that person."
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-ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€็งใฏใใฎไบบใ‚’ไฟก้ ผใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
08:36
Or: "No.
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ใพใŸใฏ: ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€
08:38
I...
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็งใฏ...
08:39
I don't trust that person.
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็งใฏใใฎไบบใ‚’ไฟก้ ผใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:40
I 'distrust'.
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็งใฏใ€Œไธไฟกใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:42
Distrust that person.
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ใใฎไบบใ‚’ไธไฟกใซ
08:44
I'm not sure they're telling the truth all the time; I distrust them."
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ๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ„ใคใ‚‚็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’่ชžใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฟก็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ€
08:48
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
08:51
This one, fairly obvious with "non" as the prefix.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆŽฅ้ ญ่พžใจใ—ใฆใ€Œnonใ€ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆ˜Ž็™ฝ ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:55
"Non" like "no".
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ใ€Œใชใ„ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
08:59
And usually this one has the actual hyphen included in the word; whereas all the others,
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้€šๅธธใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใซใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ•ใƒณ ใŒๅ˜่ชžใซๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ไป–ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ
09:09
you would just have the extra letters but no hyphen.
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใชๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ•ใƒณใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
09:13
So this one usually, apart from here with "nonsense", you get the little hyphen; the
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ ใ€ŒใƒŠใƒณใ‚ปใƒณใ‚นใ€ใ‚’้™คใ„ใฆใ€ๅฐใ•ใชใƒใ‚คใƒ•ใƒณใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
09:21
little mark, there.
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ๅฐใ•ใชใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:23
So, with "fiction", "fiction" is a book that's a story; not a true story, not a true history,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใฏ ็‰ฉ่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๆœฌใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ่ฉฑใงใฏใชใใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎๆญดๅฒใงใฏ
09:32
but just a story or a novel that's...
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ใชใใ€ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹็‰ฉ่ชžใพใŸใฏๅฐ่ชฌใงใ™...
09:35
That's with characters in it who aren't real people, so that's "fiction".
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅฎŸๅœจใฎไบบ็‰ฉใงใฏใชใ„็™ปๅ ดไบบ็‰ฉใŒ็™ปๅ ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใงใ™.
09:42
But if you prefer books which are about real people or history, then it's "non-fiction";
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฎŸๅœจใฎไบบ็‰ฉใ‚„ๆญดๅฒใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๆœฌใŒๅฅฝใใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ŒใƒŽใƒณใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:49
it's the opposite of "fiction".
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใฎๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ€‚
09:51
It's "non-fiction".
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ใ€ŒใƒŽใƒณใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:52
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
09:53
So, "sense".
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œใ‚ปใƒณใ‚นใ€ใ€‚
09:56
When things make sense, they sound logical.
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็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒ็†ใซใ‹ใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่ซ–็†็š„ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
10:01
But if you say: "No, that...
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œใ„ใ‚„ใ€
10:02
That's nonsense.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใƒŠใƒณใ‚ปใƒณใ‚นใ ใ€‚
10:03
What you've just told me is nonsense.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏใƒŠใƒณใ‚ปใƒณใ‚นใ ใ€‚
10:05
That can't possibly be true.
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ใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šๅพ—ใชใ„ใ€‚ใƒŠใƒณใ‚ปใƒณใ‚นใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰
10:08
Nonsense."
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ใ€‚ ๆœ€่ฟ‘
10:09
Sometimes you hear what's called fake news nowadays or you see it on the internet, and
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ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่€ณใซใ— ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใง่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
10:17
it's hard to tell sometimes: "Is that real news or is it fake news?
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10:21
Is it true or not?"
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:24
So, if it's nonsense, it's like fake news; you can't really believe it.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒŠใƒณใ‚ปใƒณใ‚นใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:31
It...
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ใใ‚Œใฏ
10:32
It's not possible.
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โ€ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใˆใชใ„ใ€‚
10:33
So, okay.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:35
A "smoker" - someone who smokes cigarettes, etc., pipes, and cigars, tobacco of any kind;
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ใ€Œๅ–ซ็…™่€…ใ€ - ใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณ ใชใฉใ€ใƒ‘ใ‚คใƒ—ใ€่‘‰ๅทปใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ๅธใ†ไบบใ€‚
10:44
a smoker.
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ๅ–ซ็…™่€…ใ€‚
10:46
But then there's the "non-smoker" who does not smoke.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ๅธใ‚ใชใ„ใ€Œ้žๅ–ซ็…™่€…ใ€ใ‚‚ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:51
"Non-smoker".
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"้žๅ–ซ็…™่€…"ใ€‚
10:52
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
10:53
And you can have room in hotels which are non-smo-...
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ใพใŸใ€็ฆ็…™ใฎใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใซ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’็ขบไฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ...
10:57
Rooms for non-smokers, and carriages on the train which are for non-smokers.
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็ฆ็…™่€…็”จใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใจใ€็ฆ็…™่€…็”จใฎ ้›ป่ปŠใฎ่ปŠไธกใ€‚
11:06
In fact, I think in the UK, I don't think you can smoke on the train anymore.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€่‹ฑๅ›ฝใงใฏ ใ‚‚ใ†้›ป่ปŠใฎไธญใงใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ๅธใ†ใ“ใจใฏใงใใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:12
It's...
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11:13
It's not...
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ใใ‚Œใฏโ€ฆ
11:15
Not legal anymore.
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้•ใ†โ€ฆ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅˆๆณ•ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€‚
11:17
It's been banned to smoke anywhere on a train or on the train platform even.
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้›ป่ปŠๅ†…ใฏใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใƒ›ใƒผใƒ ใงใ‚‚ๅ–ซ็…™็ฆๆญขใ€‚
11:23
So, in public places now it's restricted.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ…ฌๅ…ฑใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใฏ็พๅœจๅˆถ้™ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:28
So, non-smokers are people who don't smoke.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้žๅ–ซ็…™่€…ใฏใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ๅธใ‚ใชใ„ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
11:34
"Stick".
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"ๆฃ’"ใ€‚
11:36
If something sticks, it sort of stuck like glue or something; two pieces of paper stuck
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใใฃใคใใจใ€ ๆŽฅ็€ๅ‰คใ‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใใฃใคใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฃใคใ„ใŸ2ๆžšใฎ็ด™
11:44
together.
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ใ€‚
11:45
"Non-stick" usually is a description for something like a frying pan that you use; a non-stick
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ใ€Œ็„ฆใ’ไป˜ใ้˜ฒๆญขใ€ใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‘ใƒณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใ™ใ€‚ ็„ฆใ’ไป˜ใ
11:56
frying pan.
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ใซใใ„ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‘ใƒณใ€‚
11:59
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
12:00
A frying pan that you fry...
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ๆšใ’ใ‚‹ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‘ใƒณโ€ฆ
12:04
Oh, you might fry an egg, you might fry some onions, anything like that.
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ใ‚ใ€ๅตใ‚’็‚’ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ็Ž‰ใญใŽใ‚’็‚’ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šโ€ฆใ€‚
12:12
And if it's non-stick, it means the food doesn't stick to the bottom of the frying pan.
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ใใ—ใฆใƒŽใƒณ ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใจใฏใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‘ใƒณใฎๅบ•ใซ้ฃŸๆใŒใใฃใคใ‹ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:21
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
12:22
So, most modern frying pans are non-stick; they have a special covering on them to stop
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๆœ€ๆ–ฐใฎใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‘ใƒณใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฏใใฃใคใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใŒใใฃใคใ‹ ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็‰นๅˆฅใชใ‚ซใƒใƒผใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„
12:33
the food sticking.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:35
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
12:36
"Stop", that's a simple word, when you stop.
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ใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:39
But if you do something "non-stop" or the train...
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ŒใƒŽใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใ‚„ ้›ป่ปŠใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰
12:44
The train is non-stop from London to Scotland, to Edinburgh, non-stop train - it means it
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... ้›ป่ปŠใฏใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚นใ‚ณใƒƒใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ ใ€ใ‚จใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใƒใƒฉใพใงใƒŽใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:52
doesn't stop anywhere on the way from London to Edinburgh, which is a very long way.
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ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚จใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใƒใƒฉใธใฎ้€”ไธญใงใฉใ“ใซใ‚‚ๆญขใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้•ทใ„้“ใฎใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ้€”ไธญใงใฉใ“ใซ
12:58
I don't know if there is such a train that doesn't stop anywhere on the way, but you
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ใ‚‚ๆญขใพใ‚‰ใชใ„้›ป่ปŠใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
13:04
would say: "It's non-stop to somewhere", or: "We did...
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ใ€Œใฉใ“ใพใงใ‚‚ใƒŽใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใงใ™ใ€ใจใ‹ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚„ใฃใŸโ€ฆ
13:09
We were working yesterday non-stop.
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏใƒŽใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:14
From 9 in the morning until 9 in the evening, we worked non-stop.
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. ๆœ9ๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅคœ9ๆ™‚ใพใง
13:19
We didn't stop for a break or anything", so that's "non-stop".
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ใƒŽใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใงๅƒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:25
Okay, good.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:28
Then we have some very short ones, which aren't used with many words.
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ๆฌกใซ ใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ˜่ชžใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„้žๅธธใซ็Ÿญใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:35
Just an "a" can be a negative prefix.
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ใ€Œaใ€ใ ใ‘ใŒ่ฒ ใฎๆŽฅ้ ญ่พžใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:38
So, a "theist" is anyone who believes in a god of some kind; any god.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œๆœ‰็ฅž่ซ–่€…ใ€ใจใฏใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎ็ฅžใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ‚“ใช็ฅžใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
13:49
But an "atheist" is someone who doesn't believe in any gods at all; they just don't think
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œ็„ก็ฅž่ซ–่€…ใ€ใจใฏใ€็ฅžใ‚’ใพใฃใŸใไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใชใ„ไบบใฎ ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใŸใ 
13:57
there is such a thing as...
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13:58
As God, or a god or gods.
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... ็ฅžใจใ—ใฆใ€ใพใŸใฏ็ฅžใ‚„็ฅžใ€…ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:02
So, that's an "atheist" who just doesn't have any religious belief at all.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฎ—ๆ•™็š„ไฟกๅฟตใ‚’ใพใฃใŸใๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€Œ็„ก็ฅž่ซ–่€…ใ€ใงใ™ ใ€‚
14:09
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
14:10
And "typical".
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใ€ใ€‚
14:11
If something's typical, it happens all the time.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅธธใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:15
"Oh, what she did then was typical.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใฎๆ™‚ๅฝผๅฅณใŒใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
14:18
She's always doing that."
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใใ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€
14:19
You know, maybe throwing rubbish on the floor, in the street, which is a bad thing to do.
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ใ‚ดใƒŸใ‚’ๅบŠใ‚„้€šใ‚Šใซๆจใฆใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚ˆใ ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
14:28
But that's typical of her; throwing...
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅ…ธๅž‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆŠ•ใ’ใ‚‹...
14:31
Throwing papers and rubbish onto the pavement rather than taking it home and putting it
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็ด™ใ‚„ใ‚ดใƒŸใ‚’ ๅฎถใซๆŒใกๅธฐใฃใฆๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ‚ดใƒŸ็ฎฑใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใง
14:37
in the bin when she gets home.
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ใฏใชใใ€ๆญฉ้“ใซๆŠ•ใ’ๆจใฆใ‚‹ใ€‚
14:39
"That's so typical of her."
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅ…ธๅž‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
14:42
So, that's "typical" - something someone does regularly that you expect them to do.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใ€ใงใ™ - ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๆœŸๅพ…ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
14:48
But if it's "atypical", that means it's not typical; so it's a bit unusual for that to
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œ้žๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็ใ—ใ„ใงใ™
14:56
happen.
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ใ€‚
14:57
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
14:58
So, if she amazingly one day keeps her rubbish and takes it home, and puts it in the in bin
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ—ฅใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ้ฉšใใปใฉใ‚ดใƒŸใ‚’ไฟ็ฎกใ— ใฆๅฎถใซๆŒใกๅธฐใ‚Š
15:06
instead of throwing it on the pavement, then you could say: "That's atypical of her.
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ใ€ๆญฉ้“ใซๆจใฆใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ใ‚ดใƒŸ็ฎฑใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œ ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅ…ธๅž‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้€šๅธธ้€šใ‚Šใซๆจใฆใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
15:12
She usually throws it in the street."
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ใ€‚
15:15
So, okay.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:18
Then: "ab", "ab" goes with a small number; not many of words.
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ๆฌกใซ: "ab"ใ€"ab" ใฏๅฐใ•ใ„ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่จ€่‘‰ใฎๅคšใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:25
So, "normal".
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œๆ™ฎ้€šใ€ใ€‚
15:26
I'm sure you know the word "normal", whatever "normal" means, but "normal".
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ใ€Œๆ™ฎ้€šใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œๆ™ฎ้€šใ€ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œ ใ€ใ€Œๆ™ฎ้€šใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:33
Whatever your definition of "normal" is.
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ใ€Œๆ™ฎ้€šใ€ใฎๅฎš็พฉใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€‚
15:35
So, if something is "abnormal", it's the opposite of normal.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ€Œ็•ฐๅธธใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏๆญฃๅธธใฎๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ€‚
15:41
If...
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ใ‚‚ใ—...
15:42
If you think I'm normal, for example...
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใ‚’ๆ™ฎ้€šใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ไพ‹ใˆใฐ...
15:44
I don't know if you do, but if you think I'm normal, then that...
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ†ๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใ‚’ๆ™ฎ้€šใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ...
15:50
Okay, thank you.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
15:51
But if you think I'm "abnormal", you may think I'm a bit strange, so you would call me "abnormal".
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใ‚’ใ€Œ็•ฐๅธธใ€ใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ็งใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚’ใ€Œ็•ฐๅธธใ€ใจๅ‘ผใถใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
15:58
"Oh, she's an abnormal tutor", something like that.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ€็•ฐๅธธใชๅฎถๅบญๆ•™ๅธซใ ใ€ใฟใŸใ„ ใชใ€‚
16:02
So, it's a sort of slightly personal opinion word, whether something is abnormal or not,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็•ฐๅธธใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใงใฏใชใใ€
16:09
but whether it happens a lot.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ้ ป็นใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชๆ„่ฆ‹ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:11
It's a bit like "typical" and "atypical"; "normal", "abnormal".
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ใ€Œๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใ€ใจใ€Œ้žๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใ€ใซๅฐ‘ใ—ไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆญฃๅธธใ€ใ€Œ็•ฐๅธธใ€ใ€‚
16:18
It's what you're used to; what you expect from somebody.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใซๆœŸๅพ…ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚
16:23
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
16:25
This is a...
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ...
16:26
I think, as far as I know, there's only one of these with "an" as the prefix, and it's
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็งใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ ้™ใ‚Šใ€ๆŽฅ้ ญ่พžใจใ—ใฆใ€Œanใ€ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ†ใกใฎ1ใคใ ใ‘ใงใ‚ใ‚Š
16:32
a rather scientific kind of term.
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ใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Š็ง‘ๅญฆ็š„ใช็จฎ้กžใฎ็”จ่ชžใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™.
16:36
Maybe used in chemistry, that kind...
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ๅคšๅˆ†ๅŒ–ๅญฆใงไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใใฎ็จฎใฎ...
16:40
Biology, that sort of thing.
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็”Ÿ็‰ฉๅญฆใ€ใใฎ็จฎใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
16:43
"Hydrous" just means something that contains water.
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ใ€ŒHydrousใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซๆฐดใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
16:48
Okay, from the Greek word for water.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฐดใฎใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚ทใƒฃ่ชžใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
16:52
But if something is "anhydrous", that just means it doesn't...
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ€Œ็„กๆฐดใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซ ใใ†ใงใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™...
16:58
It contains no water; it has no water in it.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆฐดใ‚’ๅซใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใซใฏๆฐดใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:02
So it's something completely dry with no water at all, no moisture in it at all, no liquid.
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ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ๆฐดๅˆ†ใŒใพใฃใŸใใชใใ€ๆฐดๅˆ†ใ‚‚ๆถฒไฝ“ใ‚‚ๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใซไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
17:12
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
17:13
And then, finally, we have: "anti", which is a fairly obvious negative.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒณใƒใ€ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆ˜Ž็™ฝใชๅฆๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚
17:20
"Anti" meaning to go against something.
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ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒณใƒใ€ใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
17:24
So, "biotic" is...
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€"biotic" ใฏ...
17:28
Well, this one, it's usually used with the negative: "antibiotic" because it's to do
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ : "antibiotic" ใฏใ€ๆ„ŸๆŸ“็—‡
17:35
with medicine and pills that you take to fight an infection.
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ใจๆˆฆใ†ใŸใ‚ใซๆœ็”จใ™ใ‚‹่–ฌใ‚„้Œ ๅ‰คใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:42
If you have an infection, you take antibiotics because they fight the...
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ๆ„ŸๆŸ“็—‡ใซใ‹ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆŠ—็”Ÿ็‰ฉ่ณชใ‚’ๆœ็”จใ—ใพใ™
17:50
The bacteria that are causing the infection.
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ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆ„ŸๆŸ“็—‡ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็ดฐ่Œใจๆˆฆใ†ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:53
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
17:54
So, "bio" is to do with the...
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใƒใ‚คใ‚ชใ€ใจใฏ
17:58
The body.
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โ€ฆ ่บซไฝ“ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
17:59
The human body.
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ไบบไฝ“ใ€‚
18:01
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
18:02
So, to fight infection: "antibiotic".
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ„ŸๆŸ“ใจๆˆฆใ†ใŸใ‚ใซ๏ผšใ€ŒๆŠ—็”Ÿ็‰ฉ่ณชใ€ใ€‚
18:07
"Clockwise", this is quite a useful one.
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ใ€Œๆ™‚่จˆๅ›žใ‚Šใ€ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™ใ€‚
18:11
If...
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ใ‚‚ใ—...
18:12
If you do something in a clockwise direction, the direction that the hands of the clock
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ๆ™‚่จˆๅ›žใ‚Šใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ๆ™‚่จˆใฎ้‡ใŒ
18:19
go...
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18:20
They go around in that direction: "clockwise" from here to...
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้€ฒใ‚€ๆ–นๅ‘... ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใฎๆ–นๅ‘ใซๅ›žใ‚Šใพใ™: "ๆ™‚่จˆๅ›žใ‚Š" ใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰...
18:27
Around to there.
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ใ‚ใกใ‚‰ใธใ€‚
18:28
But if it's the other way around, if it's around this way, that's "anticlockwise".
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€้€†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใฃใกใชใ‚‰ใ€Œๅๆ™‚่จˆๅ›žใ‚Šใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:34
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
18:35
And then, finally: "social".
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใ€ใ€‚
18:41
If someone is social, they're friendly, they like chatting to people.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็คพไบค็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ‹ๅฅฝ็š„ใงใ€ ไบบใ€…ใจใŠใ—ใ‚ƒในใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™.
18:48
But if someone is "antisocial", they tend to stay on their own, they don't seem to like
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œๅ็คพไผš็š„ใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไธ€ไบบใงใ„ใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไบบใจ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠๅˆใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™
18:56
talking very much or getting to know people, having conversations.
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.
18:59
They're antisocial.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ็คพไผš็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:00
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
19:01
And then, finally, just a few little words to show that not every word beginning with
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใง ๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็Ÿญใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็คบใ—
19:10
these letters is necessarily negative.
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ใพใ™.
19:13
There are words that just happen to begin with those letters.
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ใŸใพใŸใพใใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
19:19
I'm sure you know most of these.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
19:21
So: "under" just means under something; it's not a negative.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œไธ‹ใ€ใฏๅ˜ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใฎไธ‹ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ ใฏใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:26
If you "discuss" something, you just talk about it; there's no negative there.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ€Œ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใซใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:32
"Display" - if you put things out on a table to show someone... or in an exhibition, in
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ใ€Œใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ€ - ่ชฐใ‹ใซ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใฎไธŠใซ็‰ฉใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆ ... ใพใŸใฏๅฑ•็คบไผš
19:38
an art gallery, there is a display to look at.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ขใƒผใƒˆใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒฉใƒชใƒผใงใฏใ€่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™.
19:42
That's not really a negative.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:45
"Able".
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"ใงใใ‚‹"ใ€‚
19:46
We've got "ab" here, but "able" is not a negative; it just means you're able to do something,
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ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใ€Œabใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œableใ€ใฏๅฆๅฎšใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’
19:53
you can do something.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
19:56
And "an", "angry" just means angry; feeling mad, annoyed by something.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œanใ€ใ€ใ€Œangryใ€ใฏๅ˜ใซๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
20:05
It's not necessarily...
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“...
20:06
Well, it's not a very pleasant emotion; it's a bit negative, I suppose.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆฅฝใ—ใ„ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:12
But this isn't a negative prefix on the front; it just happens to begin with those two letters.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‰้ขใฎ่ฒ ใฎๆŽฅ้ ญ่พžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŸใพใŸใพใ“ใฎ 2 ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงๅง‹ใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:20
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
20:21
So, I hope that's helped to help you expand your vocabulary, and understand how negative
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ—ใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆŽฅ้ ญ่พžใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„
20:32
prefixes work.
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ใพใ™.
20:33
Do have a look at the other lesson with the other five.
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ไป–ใฎ 5 ใคใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
20:37
And also, if you'd like to go to the website, www.engvid.com and do the quiz, and if you'd
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ใพใŸใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ฆ‹
20:45
like to subscribe to my channel if you'd like to see more...
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ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ็งใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„...
20:50
See more of me - that would be great.
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See more of me -ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
20:54
And see you again soon.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
20:55
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
20:56
Bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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