English Grammar: Negative contractions of the verb "TO BE"

157,283 views ใƒป 2017-09-10

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ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hello. I'm Gill at engVid, and today's lesson is on negative contractions or abbreviations,
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ็งใฏ engVid ใฎ Gill ใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ ใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใพใŸใฏ็œ็•ฅๅฝขใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹
00:11
so this is something you will hear a lot when people speak because people use these abbreviations
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ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไบบใ€…ใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ไบบใ€…ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็œ็•ฅๅฝขใพใŸใฏ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ๅธธใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹
00:20
or contractions all the time, in informal speech especially because it's quicker. Okay?
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:31
So we're looking at some contractions using the negative because the way it's constructed
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€ใใฎๆง‹็ฏ‰
00:38
is a bit different from the way it's done with the positive statement. Okay, so negative
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ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒ่‚ฏๅฎšๆ–‡ใง่กŒใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใจใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€่ฒ ใฎ
00:47
contractions, verb "to be".
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็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œto beใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:49
So, let's have a look first of all at the present tense. So, the positive would be:
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ใพใšใฏ็พๅœจๅฝขใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใฏ
00:57
"I am", but the negative is: "I am not", but in the contracted form people say all the
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ใ€ŒI amใ€ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใฏใ€ŒI am notใ€ใงใ™ ใŒใ€็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใฏใ€ไบบใ€…
01:08
time when they're speaking: "I'm not. I'm not." And when it's written down you have
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ใฏ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซๅธธใซใ€ŒI'm not. I'm not. " ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจ
01:16
an apostrophe which shows that there's something missing. So the letter "a" is missing here
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ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๆฌ ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ŒI amใ€ใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ€Œaใ€ใŒๆฌ ่ฝใ—
01:23
for "I am", so: "I'm not." Okay? Then... That's the first-person singular. So then second-person
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€ŒI'm notใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰... ใใ‚Œ ใฏไธ€ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไบŒไบบ็งฐ
01:35
singular, "you": "You're not" because "am" changes to "are", "a-r-e", so: "You are not"
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ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎ "you": "You're not" ใฏใ€"am" ใŒ "are"ใ€"a-r-e" ใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
01:46
contracted becomes "You're not" with an apostrophe, but then with all of these after the first
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไบบใฎๅพŒใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰
01:55
person, all the other ones have an alternative version. So, you can either say: "You're not"
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ใ™ในใฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไป–ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใซใฏๅˆฅใฎ ใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€ŒYou're notใ€
02:04
or "You aren't", "You are", and instead of "not" spelt out, you've got "n't", so there
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒYou are notใ€ใ€ใ€ŒYou areใ€ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ ใ€Œnotใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œn'tใ€ใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
02:18
are two different ways of saying it, either: "You're not" or "You aren't", and there isn't
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2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹่กจ็พใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใฏใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ‹ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒ้‡่ฆ
02:25
really much difference between them in terms of which is... They're both similar, they're
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ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†็‚นใงใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“...ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒ
02:34
both informal spoken. There isn't one that sounds more old-fashioned than the other.
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ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚้žๅ…ฌๅผใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅค้ขจใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:42
They're just alternatives. So: "You're not" or "You aren't". You may have heard people
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ไปฃๆ›ฟๆ‰‹ๆฎตใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใ€…ใŒ
02:49
using this form and perhaps being confused by it, or you may be used to one form and
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ใ“ใฎใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใฆใ„ใฆๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆไป–ใฎใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใซใฏๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ
02:56
not the other one, so this is giving you both here. So: "You're not" or "You aren't". Okay,
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ใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:06
then the third-person singular, so it's: "he", "she", "it", third-person singular. So it's
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ใงใฏใ€ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใ€ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
03:14
either: "He's not" for "He is not", "He's not", or "She's not", or "It's not"; or it
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ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œๅฝผใฏใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ
03:26
can be: "He isn't", and again, it's the "not" part that gets the apostrophe rather than
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ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎ
03:36
the "is" part. "He's not" or "He isn't"; "She's not", "She isn't"; "It's not", "It isn't".
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ใฏใ€Œใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใฏใชใใ€Œใชใ„ใ€้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผใฏใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€; ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้•ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€; ใ€Œใใ†ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€ใ€Œใใ†ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
03:49
Okay. And then moving on to the plural, first-person plural, "we", so: "We are not" becomes "We're
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎไธ€ไบบ็งฐ ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ€Œweใ€ใซ็งปใ‚‹ใจ
03:59
not", "We are not". You may also be not quite sure how to pronounce these when they're contracted,
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ใ€ใ€ŒWe are notใ€ใฏใ€ŒWe are notใ€ใ€ใ€ŒWe are notใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจใใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
04:10
so I hope this lesson helps you with that as well. Some people get a bit confused about
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใใฎๅŠฉใ‘ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™.
04:17
how to say it, so: "We are not", "We're not", or: "We aren't", "We aren't". Okay? And then
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ใ€ŒWe are notใ€ใ€ใ€ŒWe are notใ€ใ€ใ€ŒWe are notใ€ใ€ใ€ŒWe are notใ€ใชใฉใ€่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใซๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ไบบ ใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€
04:29
"you" will be the same again here in the plural, the second-person plural is just the same:
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใฏใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงๅŒใ˜ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไบŒไบบ็งฐ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฏใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใ™๏ผš
04:37
"You", "You're not", "You aren't". And then we have the third-person plural for "they":
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใงใฏใชใ„ใ€. ใใ—ใฆใ€"they" ใฎไธ‰ไบบ็งฐ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝข
04:45
"They are not" becomes "They're not", "They're not", or: "They aren't", "They aren't". Okay?
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:59
So, I hope that's helpful, there.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใŠๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ ใ€‚
05:06
And then there's a funny thing that happens, there's a non-standard version of this which
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ใใ—ใฆใ€้ข็™ฝใ„ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฎ้žๆจ™ๆบ–ใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใŒ
05:12
you might hear in the UK, especially in the London area, but I think it's also used in
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่‹ฑๅ›ฝใ€็‰นใซใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณๅœฐๅŸŸใง่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ๅ›ฝใฎไป–ใฎๅœฐๅŸŸใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„
05:20
other parts of the country, too. And it's a non-standard, which some people call bad
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ใพใ™. ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๆจ™ๆบ–ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‚ชใ„ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใจๅ‘ผใถไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™
05:26
grammar, but to be more polite, it's called non-standard. It's not the standard grammar,
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ใŒใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธๅฏงใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ ้žๆจ™ๆบ–ใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใง
05:36
and it's this "ain't", and again an "'t" shows that it's not, but "a", "not", nobody says:
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ใฏใชใใ€ใ“ใฎใ€Œain'tใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œ'tใ€ใฏใใ† ใงใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œaใ€ใ€ใ€Œnotใ€ใ€่ชฐใ‚‚
05:47
"a not", but in the contracted form it's pronounced: "ain't" and it can be used for all the pronouns,
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ใ€Œa notใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใฏ ็™บ้Ÿณ: "ain't" ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎไปฃๅ่ฉžใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:58
which is quite useful really that it doesn't change. It may be non-standard, but at least
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†็‚นใง้žๅธธใซไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™ ใ€‚ ้žๆจ™ๆบ–ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ
06:05
it doesn't change so it's easy, although I wouldn't advise you to use it because it sounds
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใง็ฐกๅ˜ ใงใ™ใŒใ€้žๅธธใซใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใง้žๅ…ฌๅผใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“
06:12
very casual, very informal. So you would say: "I ain't", "I ain't", "You ain't", "He ain't",
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. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผš ใ€Œ็งใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€
06:27
"She ain't", "It ain't", "We ain't", "They ain't", so meaning: "I ain't going to the
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ 't"ใ€"they ain't"ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€"I ain't going to the
06:40
cinema", "We ain't going tonight", "He ain't working today", things like that. So, "ain't"
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cinema"ใ€"We ain't goingใƒˆใ‚ฅใƒŠใ‚คใƒˆ"ใ€"He ai n't work today" ใชใฉใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็‰นใซ่‹ฑๅ›ฝใซใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
06:52
you will hear probably people saying it, especially if you're in the UK; you might hear it on
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ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
06:59
television, on the radio, in films, and so on. Okay?
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ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ€ใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ช ใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใชใฉใง่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:06
And then back to the standard grammar again now, going to the past tense, so: "Was not"
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ใใ—ใฆๅ†ใณๆจ™ๆบ–ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซ ๆˆปใ‚Šใ€้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:15
becomes "Wasn't", "Wasn't", and "Were not" becomes "Weren't", "Weren't". So: "was" and
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tใ€ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ ใฃใŸใ€ใจ
07:26
"were" depending on which person. So: "I wasn't", "You weren't", "He/She/It wasn't", "We weren't",
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ใ€Œใ ใฃใŸใ€ใฏไบบใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผ/ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใ€
07:39
"They weren't". Okay? And then for the future: "Won't be", which is a bit strange, but "won't"
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎใŸใ‚ใซ๏ผš ใ€ŒWon't beใ€ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œwon'tใ€
07:55
is a contracted form of "will not". So it's a bit strange because the "i" and the "ll"
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ใฏใ€Œwill notใ€ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œwillใ€ ใฎใ€Œiใ€ใจใ€Œllใ€
08:07
of "will" changes to "wo". We've got "not" here, and then we've got "wo", not "will".
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ใŒใ€Œwoใ€ใซๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใฎใงใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅค‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใ€Œใชใ„ใ€ใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฌกใซใ€Œๆ„ๅฟ—ใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€Œใ‚’ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:17
We don't say: "willn't", we say: "won't". Maybe because "willn't" is difficult to say,
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ
08:24
I don't know. But: "Won't be" means "Will not be". Okay? And again, that can be used
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€ŒWon't beใ€ใฏใ€ŒWill not beใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
08:35
for every person, singular or plural. "I won't be", "You won't be", "He won't be", "We won't
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ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใพใŸใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใ‚’ๅ•ใ‚ใšใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏ่กŒใ‹ ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏ่กŒใ‹
08:43
be", "They won't be", "They won't be going to the party", whatever. Okay?
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ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใ€ "ใ€ ใชใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:50
Right, so those are all the contractions using the verb "to be", and then to finish we have
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œto beใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸใ™ในใฆใฎ
08:59
some song titles here. So I wonder if you can work out if you recognize the song titles
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็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ›ฒใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใซ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏ ใ€ๆ›ฒใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใ‚’่ช่ญ˜
09:10
and if you can see what is missing in the gaps. Okay? So, shall we go through them one
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ใ—ใ€ใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใซไฝ•ใŒๆฌ ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Œใฐ่งฃๆฑบใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ 1 ใคใšใค่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ
09:21
at a time? "____ ____ unusual", and the performer, the singer is Tom Jones. A Welsh singer. You
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ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ใ—ใ„________ใ€ใ€ใใ—ใฆๅ‡บๆผ”่€… ใ€ๆญŒๆ‰‹ใฏใƒˆใƒ ใƒปใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใƒณใ‚บใ€‚ ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒผใƒซใ‚บใฎๆญŒๆ‰‹ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ
09:34
may think of him as English or British. He's from Wales, which is part of Britain, part
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ใฏๅฝผใ‚’ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใ‹ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผ ใฏ่‹ฑๅ›ฝใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒผใƒซใ‚บใฎๅ‡บ่บซ
09:42
of the UK. So: "____ ____ unusual", so this is to do with a negative using the verb "to
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ____ ____ ็ใ—ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ ใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œto beใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใจ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†
09:53
be". Okay. Let's just go through and then we'll go back and fill in the gaps. So this
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ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ้€šใ‚ŠๆŠœใ‘ใฆใ€ ๆˆปใฃใฆใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใงใฏ
10:01
one, I'm sure you've heard of this song: "You ____ nothin' but a hound dog." A "hound" and
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ใ€ใ“ใฎๆญŒใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ŒŸ็Šฌใ€
10:12
a "dog", it's the same thing. Why? What is a hound dog? It's maybe a particular kind
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ใจใ€Œ็Šฌใ€ใฏๅŒใ˜ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ ็ŒŸ็Šฌใจใฏ๏ผŸ ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็Šฌ็จฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
10:21
of dog, but "hound" and "dog" mean the same, but Elvis Presley you've probably heard of,
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ใŒใ€ใ€Œใƒใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ€ใจใ€Œ็Šฌใ€ใฏๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚จใƒซใƒดใ‚ฃใ‚นใƒปใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚นใƒชใƒผใฏ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใง
10:29
so if you want to think about what goes in the gap there. And then this one: "____ ____
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ใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ‹ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ____ ____
10:36
there", this is somebody in the negative using the verb "to be", "there". Okay? And then
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thereใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œto beใ€ใ€ใ€Œthereใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆ
10:46
finally: "He ____ heavy, he's my brother" and... Oh, that was The Zombies, by the way.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ____้‡ใ„ใ€ๅฝผใฏ็งใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใงใ™ใ€ ใใ—ใฆ...ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใกใชใฟใซใใ‚Œใฏใ‚พใƒณใƒ“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:58
And then this is another pop group, The Hollies. Okay. So, let's have a look then.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใƒใƒƒใƒ— ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ€The Hollies ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:07
So, have you guessed what these all are? "____ ____ unusual". So it's a negative so I'll
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ "____ ____ ๆ™ฎ้€šใงใชใ„"ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚ฌใชใฎใง
11:16
put the negative in. Just in case you haven't got it, the negative might help you with the
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ใ€ใƒใ‚ฌใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฟตใฎ ใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒใ‚ฌใฏไป–ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
11:21
other part. So I'll put the "not" there. So now we need a pronoun and the verb "to be".
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ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€Œใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ ใŸใ‚ใ€ไปฃๅ่ฉžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œto beใ€ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
11:33
"____ not unusual", so it's... I'll give you a clue, it's the third-person singular: "he",
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ใ€Œ____ ใฏ็ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏโ€ฆ ๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€
11:42
"she", or "it". So which do you think it might be? Okay, so it's "It's": "It's not unusual"
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใ‚Œใ ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ€Œใ‚คใƒƒใƒ„ใ€
11:54
is the song title. Okay? Next one: "You ____ nothin' but a hound dog", so which of these
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๆฌกใฎ่ณชๅ•: ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ____ ็ŒŸ็Šฌใ—ใ‹ใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ๆฌกใฎใ†ใก
12:06
could it be? So, we've only got one space for the word, so could it be that one? Yes,
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ใฉใ‚Œใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒผใ‚นใฏ 1 ใคใ—ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€
12:24
I think so. "You", "You ain't", so that just proves I was wrong about the London area in
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ใใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€่‹ฑๅ›ฝ ใฎใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณๅœฐๅŸŸใซใคใ„ใฆ็งใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่จผๆ˜Žใ—
12:34
the UK. Elvis Presley used this as well in America, so "ain't" is used in America. So,
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚จใƒซใƒดใ‚ฃใ‚นใƒปใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚นใƒชใƒผใŒใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใงใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใŸ ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใงใฏใ€Œain'tใ€ใŒไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
12:44
okay. I should have realized that. So: "You ain't nothin' but a hound dog". All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏ็ŒŸ็Šฌใซ้ŽใŽใชใ„ใ€. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
12:55
"...crying all the time", I think it goes on. So, this one then, let's have a look:
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ใ€Œโ€ฆใšใฃใจๆณฃใ„ใฆใ‚‹ใ€ใ€็ถšใ„ใฆใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†:
13:02
"____ ____ there", and it's negative. "Somebody, notin", okay. Not... Somebody is not there.
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"____ ____ there" ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ชฐใ‹ใ€ notinใ€ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ้•ใ†โ€ฆ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
13:19
Who is it who's not there? Do you know this song? So clue, third-person singular: "he",
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ใใ“ใซใ„ใชใ„ใฎใฏ่ชฐใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎ ๆญŒใ€็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ‚‹๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใฎใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€
13:28
"she", or "it". Is it: "He's not there", "She's not there", "It's not there"? Okay, so there
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๅฝผใŒใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใŒ ใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
13:41
it is, that's the one. Okay? "She's not there". And finally: "He ____ heavy, he's my brother",
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ใ ใ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ ____ ้‡ใ„ใ€ๅฝผใฏ็งใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใงใ™ใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
13:55
so negative contraction, single gap, so it's like this one again: "He ain't heavy", "He
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่ฒ ใฎๅŽ็ธฎใ€ๅ˜ไธ€ใฎใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ้‡ใใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผ
14:09
ain't heavy, he's my brother".
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ใฏ้‡ใใชใ„ใ€ๅฝผใฏ็งใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
14:15
Okay, good, so I hope you've found that useful and interesting. And if you'd like to go to
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไพฟๅˆฉใง่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใพใŸ
14:23
the website, www.engvid.com, there's a quiz there to test you on this. So, thank you very
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ใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใŸใ„ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™
14:29
much for watching and hope to see you again soon. Bye for now.
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ใ€‚ใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใพใŸใญใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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