English Grammar: Negative contractions of the verb "TO BE"

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hello. I'm Gill at engVid, and today's lesson is on negative contractions or abbreviations,
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” engVid์˜ Gill์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• ๋˜๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
so this is something you will hear a lot when people speak because people use these abbreviations
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•
00:20
or contractions all the time, in informal speech especially because it's quicker. Okay?
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๋˜๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
00:31
So we're looking at some contractions using the negative because the way it's constructed
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด
00:38
is a bit different from the way it's done with the positive statement. Okay, so negative
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€์ •์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋„ค, ์Œ์ˆ˜
00:47
contractions, verb "to be".
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์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ "to be"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
So, let's have a look first of all at the present tense. So, the positive would be:
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์ž, ๋จผ์ € ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์€
00:57
"I am", but the negative is: "I am not", but in the contracted form people say all the
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"I am"์ด๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ "I am not"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
01:08
time when they're speaking: "I'm not. I'm not." And when it's written down you have
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๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "I'm not. I'm not. " ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ก๋  ๋•Œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€
01:16
an apostrophe which shows that there's something missing. So the letter "a" is missing here
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋น ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "I am"์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ž "a"๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:23
for "I am", so: "I'm not." Okay? Then... That's the first-person singular. So then second-person
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. ์ฆ‰ "I'm not."์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ... ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 1์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 2์ธ์นญ
01:35
singular, "you": "You're not" because "am" changes to "are", "a-r-e", so: "You are not"
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ธ "you": "You're not"์€ "am"์ด " are", "a-r-e"๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋ฏ€๋กœ "You are not"์€
01:46
contracted becomes "You're not" with an apostrophe, but then with all of these after the first
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์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ "You're not"์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 1์ธ์นญ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
01:55
person, all the other ones have an alternative version. So, you can either say: "You're not"
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "You're not"
02:04
or "You aren't", "You are", and instead of "not" spelt out, you've got "n't", so there
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๋˜๋Š” "You are not", "You are"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ฒ ์ž๊ฐ€ "not" ๋Œ€์‹ ์— "n't"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
02:18
are two different ways of saying it, either: "You're not" or "You aren't", and there isn't
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•: "You're not" ๋˜๋Š” "You are not", ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
02:25
really much difference between them in terms of which is... They're both similar, they're
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ... ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค
02:34
both informal spoken. There isn't one that sounds more old-fashioned than the other.
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๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ตฌ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
They're just alternatives. So: "You're not" or "You aren't". You may have heard people
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ" ๋˜๋Š” "๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ". ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
02:49
using this form and perhaps being confused by it, or you may be used to one form and
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์ด ํ˜•์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  , ํ•œ ํ˜•์‹์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:56
not the other one, so this is giving you both here. So: "You're not" or "You aren't". Okay,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•์‹์€ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ" ๋˜๋Š” "๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ". ์ข‹์•„์š”,
03:06
then the third-person singular, so it's: "he", "she", "it", third-person singular. So it's
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜๋Š” "๊ทธ", "๊ทธ๋…€", "๊ทธ๊ฒƒ", 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
either: "He's not" for "He is not", "He's not", or "She's not", or "It's not"; or it
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", "๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ", "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” "๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ "๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”
03:26
can be: "He isn't", and again, it's the "not" part that gets the apostrophe rather than
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"He isn't"์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  "is" ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ "not" ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:36
the "is" part. "He's not" or "He isn't"; "She's not", "She isn't"; "It's not", "It isn't".
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. "๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” "๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"; "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ", "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ"; "๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค", "๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค".
03:49
Okay. And then moving on to the plural, first-person plural, "we", so: "We are not" becomes "We're
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• 1์ธ์นญ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• "we"๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "We are not"์€ "We're
03:59
not", "We are not". You may also be not quite sure how to pronounce these when they're contracted,
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not", "We are not"์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ์–ด์ผ ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
04:10
so I hope this lesson helps you with that as well. Some people get a bit confused about
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
04:17
how to say it, so: "We are not", "We're not", or: "We aren't", "We aren't". Okay? And then
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"We are not", "We're not" ๋˜๋Š” "We are not", "We are not"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
04:29
"you" will be the same again here in the plural, the second-person plural is just the same:
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"you"๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์—์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋™์ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2์ธ์นญ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์€
04:37
"You", "You're not", "You aren't". And then we have the third-person plural for "they":
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"You", "You're not", "You are not"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "they"์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 3์ธ์นญ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:45
"They are not" becomes "They're not", "They're not", or: "They aren't", "They aren't". Okay?
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
04:59
So, I hope that's helpful, there.
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๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
And then there's a funny thing that happens, there's a non-standard version of this which
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
you might hear in the UK, especially in the London area, but I think it's also used in
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์˜๊ตญ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ฒ„์ „์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:20
other parts of the country, too. And it's a non-standard, which some people call bad
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„ํ‘œ์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์œ
05:26
grammar, but to be more polite, it's called non-standard. It's not the standard grammar,
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ณต์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋น„ํ‘œ์ค€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
05:36
and it's this "ain't", and again an "'t" shows that it's not, but "a", "not", nobody says:
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"ain't"์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ "'t"๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "a", "not"์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„
05:47
"a not", but in the contracted form it's pronounced: "ain't" and it can be used for all the pronouns,
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"a not"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์Œ: "ain't" ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
which is quite useful really that it doesn't change. It may be non-standard, but at least
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋น„ํ‘œ์ค€์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ ์–ด๋„
06:05
it doesn't change so it's easy, although I wouldn't advise you to use it because it sounds
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๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‰ฝ์ง€๋งŒ
06:12
very casual, very informal. So you would say: "I ain't", "I ain't", "You ain't", "He ain't",
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๋งค์šฐ ์บ์ฃผ์–ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ", "๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ", "๋„ˆ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ", "๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ", "
06:27
"She ain't", "It ain't", "We ain't", "They ain't", so meaning: "I ain't going to the
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ", "๊ทธ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ", "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ" 't', 'they ain't', ์ฆ‰ '๋‚œ ์˜ํ™”๊ด€์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ
06:40
cinema", "We ain't going tonight", "He ain't working today", things like that. So, "ain't"
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', '์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ์•ˆ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ', '๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ผ์„ ์•ˆ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์•ผ' ๋“ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "ain't"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„
06:52
you will hear probably people saying it, especially if you're in the UK; you might hear it on
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๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์˜๊ตญ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋”์šฑ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
television, on the radio, in films, and so on. Okay?
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ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „, ๋ผ๋””์˜ค, ์˜ํ™” ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
07:06
And then back to the standard grammar again now, going to the past tense, so: "Was not"
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Was not"
07:15
becomes "Wasn't", "Wasn't", and "Were not" becomes "Weren't", "Weren't". So: "was" and
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์€ "Wasn't", "Wasn't"๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  "Were not"์€ "Weren't", "Weren'์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‹ฐ". ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค"์™€
07:26
"were" depending on which person. So: "I wasn't", "You weren't", "He/She/It wasn't", "We weren't",
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"์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค", "๋„ˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค", "๊ทธ/๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”/๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค", "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค",
07:39
"They weren't". Okay? And then for the future: "Won't be", which is a bit strange, but "won't"
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค". ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด: "Wo n't be"๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "wo n't"๋Š”
07:55
is a contracted form of "will not". So it's a bit strange because the "i" and the "ll"
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"will not"์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "will"์˜ "i"์™€ "ll"์ด
08:07
of "will" changes to "wo". We've got "not" here, and then we've got "wo", not "will".
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"wo"๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— "not"์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  "wo"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "will"์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
We don't say: "willn't", we say: "won't". Maybe because "willn't" is difficult to say,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  "ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ'์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:24
I don't know. But: "Won't be" means "Will not be". Okay? And again, that can be used
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "Wo n't be"๋Š” "Will not be"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
08:35
for every person, singular or plural. "I won't be", "You won't be", "He won't be", "We won't
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ด๋“  ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ด๋“  ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ์•ˆ ํ• ๊ฑฐ์•ผ", "๋„ˆ๋Š” ์•ˆ ํ• ๊ฑฐ์•ผ", "๊ทธ๋Š” ์•ˆ ํ• ๊ฑฐ์•ผ", "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ˆ
08:43
be", "They won't be", "They won't be going to the party", whatever. Okay?
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ํ• ๊ฑฐ์•ผ", "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•ˆ ํ• ๊ฑฐ์•ผ", "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„๊ฑฐ์•ผ ", ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ . ์ข‹์•„์š”?
08:50
Right, so those are all the contractions using the verb "to be", and then to finish we have
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ "to be"๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
08:59
some song titles here. So I wonder if you can work out if you recognize the song titles
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋…ธ๋ž˜ ์ œ๋ชฉ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณก ์ œ๋ชฉ์„ ์ธ์ง€
09:10
and if you can see what is missing in the gaps. Okay? So, shall we go through them one
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋น ์ง„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด์ด๋ฉด ์šด๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”
09:21
at a time? "____ ____ unusual", and the performer, the singer is Tom Jones. A Welsh singer. You
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? "____ ____ ํŠน์ดํ•œ", ์—ฐ๊ธฐ์ž, ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋Š” Tom Jones์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›จ์ผ์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜.
09:34
may think of him as English or British. He's from Wales, which is part of Britain, part
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ธ
09:42
of the UK. So: "____ ____ unusual", so this is to do with a negative using the verb "to
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ธ ์›จ์ผ์ฆˆ ์ถœ์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "____ ____ ํŠน์ดํ•œ", ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ "to be"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:53
be". Okay. Let's just go through and then we'll go back and fill in the gaps. So this
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
one, I'm sure you've heard of this song: "You ____ nothin' but a hound dog." A "hound" and
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"You ____ nothin' but a hound dog."๋ผ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊ฐœ"์™€
10:12
a "dog", it's the same thing. Why? What is a hound dog? It's maybe a particular kind
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"๊ฐœ"๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ? ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ํŠน์ • ์ข…๋ฅ˜
10:21
of dog, but "hound" and "dog" mean the same, but Elvis Presley you've probably heard of,
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์˜ ๊ฐœ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ "hound"์™€ "dog"๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ Elvis Presley๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ
10:29
so if you want to think about what goes in the gap there. And then this one: "____ ____
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์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "____ ____
10:36
there", this is somebody in the negative using the verb "to be", "there". Okay? And then
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there", ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ "to be", "there"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
10:46
finally: "He ____ heavy, he's my brother" and... Oh, that was The Zombies, by the way.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ "๊ทธ๋Š” ____ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์›Œ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ด ํ˜•์ œ์•ผ" ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ... ์•„, ๊ทธ๋‚˜์ €๋‚˜ The Zombies์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
And then this is another pop group, The Hollies. Okay. So, let's have a look then.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ธ The Hollies์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
11:07
So, have you guessed what these all are? "____ ____ unusual". So it's a negative so I'll
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”? "____ ____ ํŠน์ดํ•œ". ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์Œ์ˆ˜์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
11:16
put the negative in. Just in case you haven't got it, the negative might help you with the
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์Œ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์Œ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:21
other part. So I'll put the "not" there. So now we need a pronoun and the verb "to be".
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— "not"์„ ๋„ฃ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "to be"๋ผ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
"____ not unusual", so it's... I'll give you a clue, it's the third-person singular: "he",
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"____ ํ”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค", ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ... ํžŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "๊ทธ",
11:42
"she", or "it". So which do you think it might be? Okay, so it's "It's": "It's not unusual"
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"๊ทธ๋…€", ๋˜๋Š” "๊ทธ๊ฒƒ". ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ข‹์•„, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "It's": "It's not rare"๊ฐ€
11:54
is the song title. Okay? Next one: "You ____ nothin' but a hound dog", so which of these
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๋…ธ๋ž˜ ์ œ๋ชฉ์ด์•ผ. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‹ค์Œ: "๋‹น์‹ ์€ ____ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊ฐœ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
12:06
could it be? So, we've only got one space for the word, so could it be that one? Yes,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์˜ˆ,
12:24
I think so. "You", "You ain't", so that just proves I was wrong about the London area in
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "You", "You ain't"๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:34
the UK. Elvis Presley used this as well in America, so "ain't" is used in America. So,
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. Elvis Presley๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "ain't"๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜,
12:44
okay. I should have realized that. So: "You ain't nothin' but a hound dog". All right.
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์•Œ์•˜์–ด. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ " ๋„Œ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊ฐœ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์•ผ". ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€.
12:55
"...crying all the time", I think it goes on. So, this one then, let's have a look:
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"...ํ•ญ์ƒ ์šธ์–ด์š”", ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š” . ์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๊ฑด ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค:
13:02
"____ ____ there", and it's negative. "Somebody, notin", okay. Not... Somebody is not there.
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"____ ____ there", ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€, ์•„๋‹ˆ", ์•Œ์•˜์–ด. ์•„๋‹ˆ... ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
Who is it who's not there? Do you know this song? So clue, third-person singular: "he",
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜: "he",
13:28
"she", or "it". Is it: "He's not there", "She's not there", "It's not there"? Okay, so there
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"she" ๋˜๋Š” "it". "๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—†๋‹ค", "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—†๋‹ค", "๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—†๋‹ค"์ธ๊ฐ€? ์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:41
it is, that's the one. Okay? "She's not there". And finally: "He ____ heavy, he's my brother",
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. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์—†์–ด". ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ "He ____ heavy, he's my brother",
13:55
so negative contraction, single gap, so it's like this one again: "He ain't heavy", "He
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์Œ์ˆ˜ ์ถ•์•ฝ, ๋‹จ์ผ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "He ain't heavy", "He
14:09
ain't heavy, he's my brother".
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ain't heavy, he's my brother".
14:15
Okay, good, so I hope you've found that useful and interesting. And if you'd like to go to
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์šฉ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  www.engvid.com ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:23
the website, www.engvid.com, there's a quiz there to test you on this. So, thank you very
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ€ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ
14:29
much for watching and hope to see you again soon. Bye for now.
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๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ต ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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