Verb Forms in Unreal Conditional Sentences (past and mixed)

8,513 views ใƒป 2022-10-13

English with Jennifer


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi everyone. I'm Jenniferย  from English with Jennifer.ย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. ์ €๋Š” Jennifer ์™€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์˜จ Jennifer์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:05
Can you tell the difference between what's realย  and what isn't? Let's see. Real or not real?
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์‹ค์ œ ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ณด์ž. ์ง„์งœ์ธ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€?
00:18
Not real. Unicorns are imaginary creatures.
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์ง„์งœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ. ์œ ๋‹ˆ์ฝ˜์€ ์ƒ์ƒ์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
Real or not real?
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์ง„์งœ์ธ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€?
00:31
Real. There are things in nature that areย  incredible. They can be incredibly beautiful,ย ย 
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์ง„์งœ. ์ž์—ฐ์—๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šธ ์ˆ˜
00:37
and they're definitely real. Real or not real?
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ง„์งœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„์งœ์ธ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€?
00:48
Not real. First of all, dragonsย  are mythical creatures. Second,ย ย 
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์ง„์งœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ. ์šฐ์„ , ์šฉ์€ ์‹ ํ™” ์† ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ,
00:53
putting on a costume is a choice to pretend.ย  People pretend to be something they're not.ย ย 
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์˜์ƒ์„ ์ž…๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
If dragons really existed, they wouldย  be bigger and more beautiful than that.ย ย 
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์šฉ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
If those people had betterย  costumes, they could gather a crowd.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ตฐ์ค‘์„ ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
Here I'm imagining a situation to be different --ย  a present situation. These present situations areย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€
01:24
unreal. Consider these next two sentences.ย  Which one is real and which one is unreal?ย ย 
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๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„์งœ์ด๊ณ  ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:34
If you missed my other lesson on unrealย  conditionals, you can watch it later. If I hadn'tย ย 
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๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋†“์ณค๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
01:42
made so many of my children's costumes, Halloweenย  wouldn't have been as fun for us. Sentence A isย ย 
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์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ• ๋กœ์œˆ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ A๋Š”
01:51
about the past and it's real. If this pastย  condition is true about you, then there's aย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๊ท€ํ•˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
01:58
result, a choice that exists in the present orย  future: you can watch my other lesson later.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
Sentence B is also about the past butย  an unreal past. It's counterfactual.ย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ B๋„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹ค์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
The truth? I made many of my children's costumes,ย  but imagine if I hadn't made all those costumes.ย ย 
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์ง„์‹ค? ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€ ๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:26
In this lesson, we'll review unrealย  conditionals about the past. I knowย ย 
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
the verb forms can be a little tricky,ย  so we'll practice together. Okay?ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‚ด YouTube ์ฑ„๋„์˜
02:38
Don't forget you can get more support as a memberย  of my YouTube channel. Click JOIN to learn more.
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ํšŒ์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” . ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์ž…์„ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
02:51
Remember that "if" conditionals have two clauses.ย  The "if" clause names the condition. The mainย ย 
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"if" ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. "if" ์ ˆ์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ
02:59
clause is the result. If" clause + result. Whenย  we talk about unreal situations in the past,ย ย 
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์ ˆ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "If" ์ ˆ + ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
03:07
what verb form follows "if"? Remember myย  example? If I hadn't made all those costumes,ย ย 
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'if' ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์ œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:17
Halloween wouldn't have been as fun for us.
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ํ• ๋กœ์œˆ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
We shift from the simple past to the past perfect.ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
That's how we shift from realย  to unreal or counterfactual.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
If I hadn't become an English teacher, I wouldn'tย  have met so many people from around the world.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
If I'd never moved to Boston, I might notย  have discovered how beautiful New England is.
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๋ณด์Šคํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‰ด์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด์ง€ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
I would have been unhappy if I hadย  stayed in one city all my life.
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ํ‰์ƒ ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ €๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
Notice how the "if" clauseย  can come first or second.ย ย 
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'if' ์ ˆ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
04:02
Some people like to use the name "the thirdย  conditional." I think it's more helpful toย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ "์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€"๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:08
focus on the meaning and purpose of thisย  structure. We're forming unreal conditionalsย ย 
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์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:14
about the past. These are unreal situations. Bothย  the condition and the result are counterfactual.
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹ค์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
Now, you won't always hear American Englishย  speakers shift back to the past perfect,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ํŠนํžˆ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋“ฃ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:30
especially in informal speech. If I knewย  your plans, I would have warned you.
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์•Œ์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
We can debate whether this use of thisย  simple past is acceptable or not. Iย ย 
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์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ† ๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
04:44
generally recommend standard grammar, soย  I suggest shifting to the past perfectย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:49
for these unreal past situations. However,ย  you have to be ready to hear variations.ย ย 
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
Still, if I, uh, new then what I knowย  now, I do a lot of things differently.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€, ์–ด, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒˆ๋กญ๋‹ค๋ฉด , ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
For these unreal conditions about the past, weย  can also shift the past progressive to the pastย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:25
perfect progressive. If I had been thinking moreย  clearly, I would have guessed the correct answer.
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. ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •๋‹ต์„ ์ถ”์ธกํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
Okay. So we agree in the "if" clause of an unrealย  condition about the past we shift to the pastย ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ "if" ์ ˆ์— ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
05:43
perfect and sometimes the past perfect progressiveย  if we're talking about an action in progress.ย ย 
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์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•๊ณผ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:51
So, what verb forms do we useย  in the main clause, the result?ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฃผ์ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ๊นŒ์š” ?
05:57
Look at my examples. I would have been unhappyย  if I had stayed in one city all my life.
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๋‚ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ด. ํ‰์ƒ ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ €๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
If I had never moved to Boston, I might notย  have discovered how beautiful New England is.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‰ด์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด์ง€ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
If I had saved more money, I couldย  have taken a longer vacation.
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๋ˆ์„ ๋” ๋ชจ์•˜๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ๋” ๊ธด ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ.
06:22
Most often, we use "would have" + theย  past participle in the result clause,ย ย 
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ ˆ์—์„œ "would have" + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
06:30
but we can also use "could have" orย  "might have" + the past participle.ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "could have" ๋˜๋Š” "might have" + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
Use "would" for the most probable result.ย  Use "might" for a weaker possibility.ย ย 
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด "would"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” "might"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:45
"Could" helps us express an abilityย  or the possibility of doing something,ย ย 
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"Could"๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋ฉฐ ,
06:51
and again we're focusing onย  past situations that are unreal.ย ย 
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
I want you to note how the helping verbย  "have" sounds in fast speech. It soundsย ย 
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ 'have'๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ง์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š”์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
07:04
like the preposition "of." Wouldย  have, would've. I would have been.ย ย 
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ 'of'์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
07:13
Might have, might've. I might have been.ย  Could have, could've. I could have been.
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๊ทธ๋žฌ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ. ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ €๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:24
I still wonder what my life wouldย  have been like if I had stayed.
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๋‚ด ์‚ถ์ด ์–ด๋• ์„์ง€ ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:31
Let's practice. Fix the mistakes.ย  Each statement is about the past.
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์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜์ž. ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ฐ ์ง„์ˆ ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
Answers. One. If Maggieย  hadn't been working so hard,ย ย 
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๋‹ต๋ณ€. ํ•˜๋‚˜. ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž‘๋…„์— ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€
08:16
she would have spent more timeย  with her father last year.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:23
Two. If Mr. Carlson had retired earlier, heย  could have visited his grandchildren more often.
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๋‘˜. Carlson ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ผ์ฐ ์€ํ‡ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์†์ž๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
Three. If Maggie had known thatย  her father was lonely last winter,ย ย 
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์‚ผ. ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ ๊ฒจ์šธ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๋กญ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:39
she might have flown back to visit him.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
Next task. Create a counterfactualย  statement with "if."
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ž‘์—…. 'if'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
Answers. One. If Joe had had moreย  experience, he wouldn't have felt so nervous.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€. ํ•˜๋‚˜. Joe๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์•˜๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ธด์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
Two. If the sun hadn't been so bright,ย  they wouldn't have put on sunglasses.
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๋‘˜. ํƒœ์–‘์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„ ๊ธ€๋ผ์Šค๋ฅผ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
Three. If they hadn't dressed appropriately,ย  they would have suffered from the cold wind.
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์‚ผ. ์˜ท์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž…์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฐฌ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
10:07
Now we get a little tricky. Mixedย  conditionals use two different time frames.ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ
10:13
We can talk about an unreal past havingย  an imaginary result in the present,ย ย 
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๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
10:20
or we can talk about an imaginary presentย  condition connected to an unreal past.ย ย 
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๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
If I had never become an online teacher, Iย  wouldn't be making this lesson right now.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
If I were more ambitious and less busy, Iย  would have started learning Spanish by now.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์•ผ์‹ฌ์ฐจ๊ณ  ๋œ ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฏค ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
If I had had a son and,ย  uh, he turned out like you,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋“ค์„ ๋‚ณ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:56
I would be very proud of him.ย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
Let's put what you've learned into practice.ย  Create unreal conditionals with "if."
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๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์‹ค์ „์— ์ ์šฉํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. "if"๋กœ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
If I were a millionaire, I would have boughtย  my parents a new house a long time ago.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์žฅ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „์— ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ ์ง‘์„ ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ ธ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
Two. If I had paid more attention in math class,ย ย 
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๋‘˜. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋” ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€๋”๋ผ๋ฉด
12:03
I could help my nephew withย  his math homework more often.
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์กฐ์นด์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
Three. If I were living or if I lived on a beach,ย ย 
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์‚ผ. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ด๋ณ€์— ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:15
I might find it easier to relax orย  I would find it easier to relax.
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ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‰ฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‰ฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
How did you do on the tasks? Do you feelย  more confident about unreal conditionals?ย ย 
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์ž‘์—…์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ํ™•์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:33
I hope so. If you need more practice, check outย  my recommendations in the video description.ย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํฌ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์Šต์ด ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
12:41
That's all for now. Please like and shareย  the video if you found the lesson useful.ย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋™์˜์ƒ์— ์ข‹์•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
12:46
As always, thanks for watching and happyย  studies! I'd like to say a special thankย ย 
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๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์„ธ์š”!
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you to a Kind-Hearted Patron. Mushinjonย  pledged two dollars a month. Thank you.
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์นœ์ ˆํ•œ ํ›„์›์ž๋‹˜๊ป˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ง์”€์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์‹ ์ „์€ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์— 2๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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