Reducing Adverb Clauses to Phrases (1 of 4) - Advanced English Grammar-

144,770 views ・ 2015-10-22

English with Jennifer


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:10
It may surprise you to know
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00:12
that I really enjoy scary stories.
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λ‚΄κ°€ λ¬΄μ„œμš΄ 이야기λ₯Ό 정말 μ’‹μ•„ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 μ•Œλ©΄ λ†€λž„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
Not the kind with monsters and killing,
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λͺ¬μŠ€ν„°μ™€ μ‚΄μœ‘μ΄ μžˆλŠ” μ’…λ₯˜κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
00:17
but the kind with strange sounds at night
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밀에 μ΄μƒν•œ μ†Œλ¦¬
00:21
and mysterious shadows.
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와 μ‹ λΉ„ν•œ κ·Έλ¦Όμžκ°€ μžˆλŠ” μ’…λ₯˜.
00:24
These stories are thrilling
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이 이야기듀은
00:26
because I know they're just for fun.
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단지 재미λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•ŒκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ§œλ¦Ών•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
We especially like scary stories in October
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 특히 λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ 10월에 λ¬΄μ„œμš΄ 이야기λ₯Ό μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
here in the U.S.
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00:34
That's when we celebrate Halloween.
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κ·Έλ•Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν• λ‘œμœˆμ„ κΈ°λ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
Well, a good story is enjoyable any time of the year,
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음, 쒋은 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” 일년 쀑 μ–Έμ œλΌλ„ μ¦κ²μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
and I'd like to share a story with you now
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이제
00:44
to help us talk about a grammar point.
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문법 ν¬μΈνŠΈμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 λ˜λŠ” 이야기λ₯Ό μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό κ³΅μœ ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
Adverb clauses and how we reduce them to phrases.
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λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆκ³Ό 이λ₯Ό ꡬ둜 μ€„μ΄λŠ” 방법.
00:52
The first time you hear the story,
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이야기λ₯Ό 처음 λ“€μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
00:55
don't concern yourself with structures.
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ꡬ쑰에 관심을 두지 λ§ˆμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
00:59
Just enjoy the story.
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κ·Έλƒ₯ 이야기λ₯Ό μ¦κΈ°μ„Έμš”.
01:01
Try to focus on what's happening.
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무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
01:04
That's the first step to mastering a grammar point:
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그것이 문법 포인트λ₯Ό λ§ˆμŠ€ν„°ν•˜λŠ” 첫 번째 λ‹¨κ³„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€:
01:08
understanding the meaning.
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의미λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
After reading the story, we'll look more closely at the words and forms I chose to use.
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이야기λ₯Ό 읽은 후에 λ‚΄κ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ μ„ νƒν•œ 단어와 ν˜•μ‹μ„ μžμ„Ένžˆ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:57
Let me ask you some questions.
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λͺ‡ 가지 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:57
This story is what we'd call realistic fiction.
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이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν˜„μ‹€μ μΈ μ†Œμ„€μ΄λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:01
I made it up, but it could happen in real life.
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μ œκ°€ κΎΈλ©°λƒˆμ§€λ§Œ ν˜„μ‹€μ—μ„œ 일어날 수 μžˆλŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:04
I do have a husband that snores.
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μ½”λ₯Ό κ³ λŠ” λ‚¨νŽΈμ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:07
Have you ever heard strange sounds at night?
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밀에 μ΄μƒν•œ μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό 듀은 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
07:11
Did they alarm you?
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그듀은 당신을 λ†€λΌκ²Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
07:17
Let's talk about grammar now.
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이제 문법에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
07:20
In the text, I placed a number of phrases in bold.
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λ³Έλ¬Έμ—λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ 문ꡬλ₯Ό ꡡ게 ν‘œμ‹œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:25
Those phrases act like adverbs.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ¬Έκ΅¬λŠ” λΆ€μ‚¬μ²˜λŸΌ μž‘λ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:29
They were formed from adverb clauses.
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그듀은 λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμ—μ„œ ν˜•μ„±λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:44
As you may know, there are different types of adverb clauses.
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μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμ—λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ μœ ν˜•μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:48
For example, and adverb clause can express...
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, and λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμ€ λ‹€μŒμ„ ν‘œν˜„ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€...
07:56
To keep things simple in this lesson,
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이 λ‹¨μ›μ—μ„œλŠ” 일을 κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
07:58
we'll only look at adverb clauses of time
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μ‹œκ°„μ˜ λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆκ³Ό 이유의 λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆλ§Œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:02
and adverb clauses of reason.
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.
08:05
Adverb clauses of time begin with words like...
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μ‹œκ°„μ˜ λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμ€ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 λ‹¨μ–΄λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:13
Adverb clauses of reason begin with words like...
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이유의 λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμ€ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 λ‹¨μ–΄λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:21
Adverb clauses are dependent clauses.
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λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμ€ μ’…μ†μ ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:25
They can't stand alone.
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그듀은 혼자 μ„€ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:27
They give important information,
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό 제곡
08:30
but they're not complete sentences.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ™„μ „ν•œ λ¬Έμž₯은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:33
To form a complete sentence,
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μ™„μ „ν•œ λ¬Έμž₯을 λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
08:35
we use an adverb clause and a main clause, an independent clause.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆκ³Ό λ…λ¦½μ ˆμΈ μ£Όμ ˆμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:42
This is the main part of our sentence,
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이것은 우리 λ¬Έμž₯의 μ£Όμš” λΆ€λΆ„
08:44
and the adverb clause gives more information.
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이며 λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμ€ 더 λ§Žμ€ 정보λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:48
For example, when something happened or why something happened.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ–΄λ–€ 일이 일어났을 λ•Œ λ˜λŠ” μ™œ 그런 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€.
08:54
Let me give you examples.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:00
Our first example is a line from the story.
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첫 번째 μ˜ˆλŠ” μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ ν•œ μ€„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:11
Let me give you a second example.
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두 번째 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:20
Do you see the two adverb clauses?
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두 개의 λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμ΄ λ³΄μ΄μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
09:24
Here they are.
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μ—¬κΈ° μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:26
They're adverb clauses of time.
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그것듀은 μ‹œκ°„μ˜ λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:28
They answer the question WHEN?
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그듀은 WHEN?μ΄λΌλŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λ‹΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:31
When did these events happen?
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이 사건듀은 μ–Έμ œ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:33
The events are told in the main part of the sentence.
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μ΄λ²€νŠΈλŠ” λ¬Έμž₯의 μ£Όμš” 뢀뢄에 μ„€λͺ…λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:37
The adverb clauses then give information about when.
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그런 λ‹€μŒ λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμ€ μ–Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:42
Look closely and you'll see that all the clauses,
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μžμ„Ένžˆ 보면
09:46
both dependent and independent, have a subject and a verb.
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μ’…μ†μ ˆκ³Ό λ…λ¦½μ ˆ λͺ¨λ‘ 주어와 동사가 μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:16
Our example:
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우리의 예:
10:21
This phrase has a verb form, but no subject.
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이 κ΅¬μ—λŠ” 동사 ν˜•νƒœκ°€ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μ£Όμ–΄λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:24
That's an important difference between a phrase and a clause.
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이것은 ꡬ문과 절의 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ°¨μ΄μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:33
We can often reduce adverb clauses to shorter phrases.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ’…μ’… λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμ„ 더 짧은 ꡬ둜 쀄일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:38
These shorter phrases can give our writing a better flow.
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이 짧은 λ¬Έκ΅¬λŠ” 우리의 글쓰기에 더 λ‚˜μ€ 흐름을 쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:42
They're common in fiction, in the news, in reports.
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μ†Œμ„€, λ‰΄μŠ€, λ³΄κ³ μ„œμ—μ„œ ν”νžˆ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:47
They're less common in conversation.
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그듀은 λŒ€ν™”μ—μ„œ 덜 μΌλ°˜μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:51
Now let's look at how we reduce the full adverb clauses to phrases.
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이제 전체 λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμ„ ꡬ문으둜 μ€„μ΄λŠ” 방법을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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